Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Execution

Rizal's Exile

• Rizal was exiled in Dapitan, Mindanao under the jurisdiction of the Jesuits. • A little-known fact about Rizal is that he was an inventor. In 1887, he invented “sulpukan” as
EXILE IN DAPITAN
• He continued to practice medicine, scientific, studies, artistic and literary works, knowledge Rizal’s Inventive Ability a gift to Blumentritt.
1892-1896 of languages and a school for boys among others. • During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal invented a machine making bricks that produces 6,000
bricks daily.

• Fr. Pastells wrote a letter to Fr. Obach containing the following conditions so Rizal could live • Josephine Bracken, an Irish girl of sweet eighteen was Rizal’s love at first sight but their
Rizal and Josephine
at the Parish Convent, but Rizal declined. Bracken
marriage was impossible without the permission of the Bishop of Cebu. Since no priest would
Beginning of
Exile in Dapitan marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands together and married themselves before the eyes
of God. They lived as man and wife. Josephine cured the loneliness of Rizal’s exile in Dapitan
which had become for him a heaven of bliss. But unfortunately, Josephine gave birth to an
eight-month-old baby boy named Francisco who only lived for three hours.
• Jose was a lottery addict. • Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society, in 1892 to spark an
Wins in Manila Lottery
• He won the second price worth 20,000 lottery ticket together with Carnicero and Francisco Rizal and the armed uprising in the Philippines. However, Jose Rizal opposed Bonifacio's plan for
Katipunan
(September 21, 1892) Equilior. revolution, believing it was premature due to the unpreparedness of the people and the lack
of necessary resources. Rizal also declined the Katipunan's plan to rescue him from Spanish
authorities because he had given his word of honor to them and did not want to break it.

• During his exile in Dapitan, he had a long scholarly debate with Fr. Pastells on religion. • Rizal volunteered as a military doctor in Cuba after being informed about the dire health
Rizal-Pastells
• Rizal’s main point on his claim was Individual Judgment is a gift from God while Pastells’ Volunteers as Military situation there by Blumentritt. He offered his services in 1895, but received no response for
Doctor in Cuba
Debate on Religion was that Divine Faith supersedes everything including reason. months, so he lost hope. Unexpectedly, in July 1896, Governor Blanco accepted his offer, and
Rizal was given permission to travel to Cuba as a military doctor.

• Rizal became involve in a quarrel with a French businessman Mr. Juan Lardet as he expressed disgust about the poor-quality • On July 31, 1896, Jose Rizal ended his four-year exile in Dapitan, leaving on the steamer Espana with
logs, he bought from Rizal through Antonio Miranda which happened to be a friend of Rizal. He challenged the Frenchman Adios, Dapitan family, students, and others. Dapitan's people bid him farewell, and he felt a sense of impending doom as
Rizal Challenges a to a duel, but it didn’t happen because the said Frenchman apologized for his insulting comment to Rizal as what Carnicero
they played Funeral March of Chopin. Rizal waved goodbye to Dapitan with tears in his eyes, marking the
Frenchman to a Duel advised him to do.
end of his stay, which lasted four years, thirteen days, and a few hours.

• Father Sanchez was assigned to convince by the two Jesuits in Mindanao to bring back Rizal
Rizal and Father
within the Catholic fold, but Father Sanchez failed to do so.
Sanchez

• Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan. He had many patients but most of them were poor so he
As Physician
could give them free medicine.
in Dapitan • He operated on his mother’s right eye, and it was successful. Unfortunately, his mom ignored
his instructions by removing the bandage. He then concluded, “why physicians should not
treat the members of his family.”

The projects were the following:

• Dapitan’s first water system

Community Projects
for Dapitan • Draining the marshes to get rid of Malaria.
(for the town’s • Lighting system
improvement) • Beautification of Dapitan

• Rizal planned to establish a modern college in Hong Kong and during his exile in Dapitan he
Rizal as Teacher
found an opportunity to put his educational ideas into practice.
• In 1893, he established a school in Talisay.

• Rizal found Mindanao, a rich virgin field for collecting specimens using a “baroto” or sailboat
Contribution to Science
they explored the jungles and coasts to seek specimens.

• Rizal also engaged in business with a Dapitan merchant partner, Ramon Carreon. His profits
Rizal as Businessman
were from fishing, copra, and hemp industries.
• On January 31, 1895, he organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break
the Chinese monopoly.
 Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Execution
Rizal's Trial

- Rizal conscientiously recorded the events in his diary since the day he left Barcelona.

A Martyr’s Last - An officer told Dr. Rizal about the bloody revolution in the Philippines and that he was to be blamed for it.
Homecoming

- Jose's diary was taken by Spanish Authorities and was later on returned after
Confiscation of Rizal’s it was reviewed.
Diary

Confiscation of Rizal’s
Diary

- Rizal's friends tried to help him in his predicament by means of habeas corpus but failed.
Unsuccessful Rescue in
Singapore
- Rizal was unaware of what happened during that time as he was kept behind bars in the ship.

- Friars and Spaniard officials rejoiced of the arrival of Rizal in the Philippines as they have
Arrival in Manila long started their search of evidences to officially charge him.

- During this time, Rizal was clearly in the losing team. Throughout the five-day investigation there was two kinds of evidence
presented against Rizal, namely documentary and testimonial.
Preliminary
Investigation - The result was in favor of the Spaniards.

- The only right given to Rizal by the Spanish authorities was to choose his defense counsel. And even this was highly restricted. For he had to choose only from
a list submitted to him.

Rizal Chooses His

- Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, 1st Lieutenant of the Artillery. The name was familiar to him so that he chose the lieutenant to be his defender in court.
Defender

- charges was formally read to Rizal in his prison cell, with his counsel present.

- He was accused of being “the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and books dedicated to
Reading of Information
fomenting and propagating ideas rebellion.”
of Charges to the
Accused
- For all his charges he pleaded not guilty.

Reading of Information
of Charges to the - Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by means of
Accused
education and industry.
Rizal’s Manifesto to His
People - This manifesto, written in his prison cell at Fort Santiago.
Reading of Information
of Charges to the
Accused

- The trial of Rizal was an eloquent proof of Spanish injustice and misrule. More than a farce, it was patently a mistrial. Rizal, a
civilian, was tried by a military court composed of alien military officers. His case was prejudged; he was considered guilty
The Trial of Rizal

- the court decision was submitted to Governor General Polavieja. Immediately, Polavieja sought
the opinion of Judge Advocate General Nicolas de la Pena on the court decision. The latter affirmed
before the actual trial
the death verdict.
 Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Execution
Rizal’s Execution

- During the last 24 hours of Rizal (December 24, 1896), he was visited by his family and
friends at Fort Santiago.
Last Hours of Rizal

- 12 noon: Jose Rizal had his last lunch while writing his farewell poem that was hid inside his alcohol
cooking stove.

- At 4:00 PM, Pepe's mother arrived. He asked for his mother's forgiveness while the guards forced to
separate them. Rizal gave his cooking stove to Trinidad saying "there's something inside"

He had his last supper at 8:00 PM and was visited by Capt. Dominguez. Rizal told him that
he forgave those people who betrayed him/his enemies.

- 4 hours before Jose Rizal's execution, he heard mass and confessed his sins.

- At 5:30 AM, he took his last breakfast, wrote two letters for his family & his brother
Paciano, and Josephine Bracken together with his sister Josefa arrived.

- An hour before the execution, Rizal and the soldiers were getting ready for the death
march and was accompanied by Lt. Andrade, Fr. March, and Fr. Villaceran.

- Jose bade farewell to the three people who marched with him, bowed his head and
kissed a crucifix.

- At 7:00 AM, he requested to face the firing squad but was denied. His pulsed was
checked by Dr. Castilla to find out it was normal.

- At exactly 7:03 AM, December 30, 1896, Jose Rizal died at the age of 35 years old and
uttered his final words consummatum est (It is finished).