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HISTORY OF ODISHA
PART 3
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Medieval History of Odisha
Ganga or Eastern Ganga Dynasty - in 1038 AD(400 years). In 1803 Orissa was
occupied by forces of
Gajapati Dynasty in 1434 AD(100 years). the British East India
Company during the
Bhoi Dynasty - in 1541(200 years). Second Anglo-
Anglo-Maratha
War, coming in 1858
War
Karrani Dynasty - in 1568(the first muslim empire in Odisha). It was under direct
short lived and was soon taken over by the Mughals (During Akbar administration by the
1590--92).
1590 British government
along with the
Mughals appointed Governors to look after the administration of Company's other
Odisha. territories.
Next was the Naib Nazims of Bengal in 1703 after which Odisha went
into the hands of the Marathas.
Marathas After Marathas, Odisha faced British
rule, which is included in Modern History of Odisha.
rule
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Medieval History of Odisha
Ganga Dynasty (1038-
(1038-1435 AD)
Also known as Eastern Ganga dynasty, Purba Gangas
Gangas,,
Rudhi Gangas or Prachya Gangas reigned
from Kalinga as early as the 5th century to
the mid 20th century.
Eastern Gangas ruled in three different phases by the
passage of time, known as Early Eastern Gangas
(493––1077)
(493 1077), Imperial Eastern Gangas (1077
(1077––1436)
and Khemundi Gangas (1436
(1436––1947)
The founder of this dynasty was Kamarnava I. Their capital was known by Kalinganagara.
Kalinganagara
Anantavarman Vajrahasta V in 1038 AD strongly established Ganga dynasty in Odisha
Odisha.
By the end of the 12th century AD,, Anantavarma Chodagangadeva (1078
(1078--1147) of the Ganga
dynasty is credited with having ruled over the region extending from the Ganga to the Godavari
Medieval History of Odisha
Vaishnavism received royal Patronage . This empire strongly prevented Muslim invasion.
During Ganga rule Odishan temple architecture reached its zenith with the construction of the
famous Sun temple(229 feet/70 m) at Konark by Narasimhadeva I(1238–1264 CE). Jagannath
temple (65 m/213 ft) was built by Gangesvara Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva ( during the
Ganga dynasty.
Important rulers of Ganga Dynasty were Chodagangadevea (1077-1147 AD), Rajaraja II (1170-
1190 AD), Anangabhimadeva III (1211-1238 AD) and
Narsimhadeva I (1238-1264 AD). Bhanudeva IV
(1414-1435 AD) was the last Ganga king.
The rule of the Ganga Dynasty is considered
the Golden Era of Odisha History.
Great poet Jayadeva
Jayadeva((also reffered as
Bhakti Kavi Jayadeva Goswami
Goswami)) flourished during the
reign of Rajaraja II
II.
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Medieval History of Odisha
Medieval History of Odisha
Nagara style of temples were built during this The Ganga empire was divided into
period that had Shikharas, Amlaka, Mandap. several provinces known as Visayas in
the early Ganga records.
The examples of Nagara style are Lingaraj temple, The provinces were divided into
Mukteswara temple and Parasurameswara temple. political divisions as Panchali and
Bhoga. A variety of taxes like bheta
Bhoga bheta,,
voda,, paridarsana
voda paridarsana, etc were collected
during the rule of Ganga dynasty.
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Medieval History of Odisha
Gajapati Dynasty (1434-
(1434-1541AD)
The Gajapatis were actually the rulers of
the Suryavamsi lineage.
lineage
The renaissance in Oriya literature is traced
from this period.
The Gajapati dynasty was founded by
Kapilendra Deva
Deva. He was also known as
Kapilendra Routray or Sri Kapilendra Deva
Deva.
Under him, Odisha became a vast empire stretching from the lower Ganga in the North to the
Cauvery in the South.
South The capital of this vast empire was Kataka
Kataka--Pattana (Cuttack).
Sarala Dasa,
Dasa the Odia poet wrote Mahabharata in Odia language,
language during this period(known
(known as
the literature of Sarala Yuga)
Medieval History of Odisha
Other important rulers were Purushottam Deva (1467-1497AD) and Prataparudra Deva (1497-
1540 AD).
Kakharua Deva was the last ruler of this dynasty. He was killed by Govinda Vidyadhara (his
minister) in 1541.
Sri Chaitanya,
Chaitanya, the famous Vaishnav saint of Bengal, Died in1534, Puri came to Odisha during
the reign of Prataparudra Deva.
Deva.
Invasions during Gajapati Reign
Two important invasions took place in the tenure of Gajapati dynasty.
Krishnadevaraya’s Invasion
In 1512 AD, Krishnadevaraya attacked Udayagiri fort and captured it. This fort was a great
strong hold of the Odishan army in the South.
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Medieval History of Odisha
Prataparudra Deva concluded peace with Krishnadevaraya by Peace Treaty according to which
Krishnadevaraya married the daughter of Prataparudra Deva, Jagamohini.
As a result of this Peace Treaty, river Krishna was marked as the line of demarcation between
Vijayanagara empire and that of Prataparudra Deva.
Deva
Quli Qutb Shah’s Invasion
Quli Qutb Shah, a general of Sultan Mahmud Shah of Bahamani kingdom invaded the Southern
province of Odisha in 1522 AD.
Prataparudra Deva with the help of his army, defeated Quli Qutb Shah and drone him back to
Golkunda.
On this occasion, he built the temple of Mangalagiri on the bank of river Krishna.
Medieval History of Odisha
The Ghunta,
Ghunta, Mana and Bati denoted different units of land.
land The revenue officers in
the South were called as the Nayaka and Naidu.
Naidu
The empire was divided into several provinces known as Dandapata or Rajya
Rajya. The
Governors of such provinces were designated as Parikhas or Rajas.
Rajas
Provinces were divided into Simas which were further sub-divided into sthalas or
muthas that consisted of some village.
The Gajapatis were a medieval Hindu dynasty that ruled over Kalinga from
A. 1334-1441
B. 1434-1467
C. 1534-1541
D. 1434-1541
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Medieval History of Odisha
Who among the following initiated Ganga dynasty in Odisha ?
A. Raja Rajadeva-I
B. Anantavarman Chodagangadev
C. Vajarahasta-V
D. Kamarnava
The kingdom of Odisha reached the zenith of its glory under which dynasty ?
A. Ganga dynasty
B. Bhoi dynasty
C. Mukundadeva
D. Mughal
Medieval History of Odisha
Which Ganga ruler built the world famous Konark temple ?
A. Narasimhadeva I
B. Bhanudeva IV
C. Chodagangadeva
D. Rajarajadeva
The great poet Jayadeva flourished during which dynasty in Odisha ?
A. Gajapati
B. Ganga
C. Bhoi
D. Karrani
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Medieval History of Odisha
Which of the following Odisha type Nagara style temples are found at Bhubaneswar ?
1. Jagannath temple
2. Lingaraja temple
3. Sun temple
4. Mukteswar temple
5. Parasurameswara temple
Choose the answers from the codes below:
A. 4 and 5
B. 2 Only
C. 2, 4 and 5
D. 1, 3 and 5
Medieval History of Odisha
What were the provinces known in Odisha during the period of Ganga dynasty ?
A. Dauvarika
B. Panchali
C. Bhoga
D. Visayas
Sri Chaitanya, the famous Vaishnava saint of Bengal, had come to Odisha during the reign of
A. Prataparudra Deva
B. Kapilendra Deva
C. Chodaganga Deva
D. Raja Rajadeva I
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Medieval History of Odisha
Which river was chosen as the line of demarcation betwen the Gajapati Dynasty and
Vijayanagara empire in 1513 AD ?
A. Godavari
B. Mahanadi
C. Krishna
D. Kaveri
Quli Qutb Shah invaded Odisha during the reign of which ruler ?
A. Prataparudra Deva
B. Raghuji Bhonsle I
C. Narasimha Deva
D. Govind Vidyadhara
Medieval History of Odisha
The rise of ‘Sarala Yuga’ in Medieval Odisha is most important contribution of which dynasty ?
A. Ganga Dynasty
B. Bhoi Dynasty
C. Gajapati Dynasty
D. The Mughals
The Ghunta, Mana and Bati terms used in Gajapati Dynasty denoted what ?
A. Revenue officers
B. Different units of land
C. Different taxes
D. Provinces
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