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Messenger RNA (mRNA) : Carries Genetic Information From The DNA in The

The document discusses the key types and functions of RNA, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. It covers RNA structure, transcription, translation, roles in gene regulation, viral RNA, RNA interference, RNA in medicine, and non-coding RNA.

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70 views2 pages

Messenger RNA (mRNA) : Carries Genetic Information From The DNA in The

The document discusses the key types and functions of RNA, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA. It covers RNA structure, transcription, translation, roles in gene regulation, viral RNA, RNA interference, RNA in medicine, and non-coding RNA.

Uploaded by

fahadpega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Certainly!

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a crucial molecule in the central dogma of


molecular biology. Here are some key points about RNA:

1. Types of RNA:
 Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries genetic information from the DNA in the
cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes
place.
 Transfer RNA (tRNA): Helps in the actual synthesis of proteins by bringing
amino acids to the ribosomes based on the information carried by mRNA.
 Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Forms a major part of the ribosomes, the cellular
machinery responsible for protein synthesis.
2. RNA Structure:
 Similar to DNA, RNA is composed of nucleotides. However, RNA uses uracil
(U) instead of thymine (T) as one of its bases.
 The structure of RNA can be single-stranded or can fold back on itself,
forming intricate 3D shapes crucial for its function.
3. Transcription:
 Transcription is the process by which a complementary RNA strand is
synthesized from a DNA template. This occurs in the nucleus and results in the
formation of pre-mRNA.
 The pre-mRNA is then processed and modified to form mature mRNA before
it leaves the nucleus.
4. Translation:
 Translation is the process by which the information carried by mRNA is used
to build a corresponding protein.
 Ribosomes, composed of rRNA and protein, read the mRNA sequence and
facilitate the binding of tRNA molecules carrying specific amino acids.
5. Roles in Gene Regulation:
 RNA plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression. Small RNA
molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs),
can bind to mRNA and regulate their stability and translation.
6. Viral RNA:
 Many viruses use RNA as their genetic material. RNA viruses, like the influenza
virus and HIV, have RNA genomes and use host cell machinery for replication.
7. RNA Interference (RNAi):
 RNAi is a natural cellular process involving the silencing of gene expression by
small RNA molecules. This process has been harnessed for therapeutic
purposes and gene function studies.
8. RNA in Medicine:
 RNA-based therapies, such as mRNA vaccines and RNA interference-based
drugs, have shown promise in treating various diseases.
9. Non-Coding RNA:
 A significant portion of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA
molecules, which play diverse roles in cellular processes, including gene
regulation and chromatin organization.

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