1.
Types of RNA and Their Functions
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a molecule essential for translating genetic information into proteins,
but it also has other roles in gene regulation and cellular processes. Key types of RNA include:
mRNA (Messenger RNA): Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to
ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. It undergoes processing in eukaryotes (e.g.,
splicing, polyadenylation) before translation.
tRNA (Transfer RNA): Acts as an adaptor, bringing amino acids to the ribosome during
translation. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with a specific mRNA codon,
ensuring accurate protein synthesis.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA): Forms the core of ribosome structures and catalyzes protein
synthesis. rRNA has both structural and catalytic functions, making it essential for
ribosome activity.
snRNA (Small Nuclear RNA): Involved in splicing of pre-mRNA in the nucleus.
Together with proteins, snRNAs form spliceosomes, which remove introns from pre-
mRNA.
miRNA and siRNA (MicroRNA and Small Interfering RNA): Small RNAs that play
critical roles in gene regulation by silencing specific mRNAs, thus controlling gene
expression post-transcriptionally.
Together, these types of RNA ensure that genes are expressed correctly and that proteins are
produced as needed within the cell.
