WORKING OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM?
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
CPU
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
An electronic machine which works on
the I-P-O Cycle.
WHAT IS AN I-P-O CYCLE?
I-input
P-process
O-output
I-P-O CYCLE
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Processing takes place in Output can be in
Input is given in the CPU, the brain of the
the form of words,
the form of computer. CPU work
includes processing input numbers, pictures,
letters, symbols, (calculations, comparisons, or sounds. It is
solving problems)
and click controlling the flow of obtained from the
data, producing output and computer through a
sending it to the correct monitor, printer or
device for display.
speakers.
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
mouse
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
printer
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
Monitor
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
CPU
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
Speaker
ACTIVITY: Write “Input” for the parts of a computer that help in giving input, “Process” for the parts that help in
process, and “O” for the parts that help in getting output.
Keyboard
COMPUTER HARDWARE
Refers to the physical parts of a
computer that can be touched.
It includes input devices, CPU box
and the parts inside it, and output
devices as well.
KEYBOARD
The most common input device. It has buttons called keys.
MOUSE
Pointing device that controls the movement of the cursor on the computer
screen.
Its name derived from its shape, which looks like a mouse. As we move the
mouse, the pointer on the monitor screen moves in the same direction.
LIGHT PEN
Used for entering data by writing on a computer screen. Engineers, designers
and architects use light pens to draw and modify shapes on a screen. In
today’s era, android phones are accompanied with stylus pen which is highly
user friendly.
SCANNER
Used to input images,
text, drawing, etc. into a
computer.
JOYSTICK
Attached to a computer to play different games.
MICROPHONE
Used to record different sounds into a computer. It is an audio input
device. The sound is then saved as a sound file on the computer.
PROCESSING
Processing in a computer is done by the
CPU or the Central Processing Unit.
CPU- is the brain of the computer. It is
placed in a plastic or metal case called
CPU box or system unit. It is the
most important part of a computer.
THREE IMPORTANT PARTS OF CPU
Control Unit (CU)- as it name suggests, controls the working of all
the parts of a computer. It controls flow of data between various
devices.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – performs arithmetic operations
such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also
performs greater than, less than, and equal to and so on.
Memory Unit (MU) – all the data and information that need to be
processed has to be stored somewhere before processing. Smallest
storage unit is bit and collection of 8 bits is called a byte. These data
and instructions are then passed on to the CU or ALU as per
requirement.
OUTPUT DEVICES
The devices that we use for getting the outputs
are called output devices. The commonly used
output devices are the monitor (to view output)
and the printer (to print the output).
Speakers are the output devices that are used to
listen to music.
1. MONITOR
Looks like a TV screen. It displays text, pictures, and videos.
Whatever you type in the keyboard is displayed on the
monitor. The information displayed on the screen is
temporary called the soft copy.
Different types of monitors:
1. CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Monitor
3. LED (Light-Emitting Diodes) Monitor
4.TFT (Thin Film Transistor) Monitor
2. PRINTER
Used to take printouts of text or graphics
on the paper. The information printed on
the paper is permanent and is called the
hard copy.
3 TYPES OF PRINTERS
1. Dot Matrix Printer: old types of printers that are not expensive but are slow.
They have a ribbon and a print head. When a letter has to be printed, the
stamp of that letter hits the ink ribbon between the paper and itself. That’s
why they are also called Impact printers.
INK-JET PRINTERS
Prints characters by throwing a jet of ink on the paper. These are not
expensive but their printing cost is high. They are better than dot matrix and
quality is also better.
LASER PRINTERS
The fastest printers. They are also the most expensive. Most
books, pamphlets, flyers etc. are printed using this printer.
3. SPEAKERS
Used to listen to sounds produced from a
computer. External speakers are those
which are outside the main computer
system. Internal speakers are often
fixed inside the computer’s monitor.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Set of computer programs that enables the hardware or different
computer parts to perform a particular function in a desired
manner.
Set of commands or instructions given to a computer.
Examples of Software: Web browsers, games, paint, LOGO,
Windows 10,WordPad, Notepad, etc.
TYPES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE
1. System Software- designed for integrating computer hardware and
applications.
Functions: 1. integrating hardware with software
2. enabling computers to provide different functions
3. providing platform for software to run.
2. Application software – allows to accomplish one or more specific
non-computer related tasks.
Examples: Educational Software, Medical software, Computer Games
