he war as "the greatest of all experiences", and was praised by his commanding officers for his
bravery.[78] Hihe war as "the greatest of all experiences", and was praised by his commanding
officers for his bravery.[78] His wartime experience reinforced his German patriotism, and he was
shocked by Germany's capitulation in November 1918.[79] His displeasure with the collapse of the
war effort began to shape his ideology.[80] Like other German nationalists, he believed
the Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), which claimed that the German army,
"undefeated in the field", had been "stabbed in the back" on the home front by civilian leaders,
Jews, Marxists, and those who signed the armistice that ended the fighting—later dubbed the
"November criminals".[81]
The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that Germany had to relinquish several of its territories
and demilitarise the Rhineland. The treaty imposed economic sanctions and levied heavy
reparations on the country. Many Germans saw the treaty as an unjust humiliation. They
especially objected to Article 231, which they interpreted as declaring Germany responsible for
the war.[82] The Versailles Treaty and the economic, social, and political conditions in Germany
after the war were later exp
he war as "the greatest of all experiences", and was praised by his commanding officers for his
bravery.[78] His wartime experience reinforced his German patriotism, and he was shocked by
Germany's capitulation in November 1918.[79] His displeasure with the collapse of the war effort
began to shape his ideology.[80] Like other German nationalists, he believed
the Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-the-back myth), which claimed that the German army,
"undefeated in the field", had been "stabbed in the back" on the home front by civilian leaders,
Jews, Marxists, and those who signed the armistice that ended the fighting—later dubbed the
"November criminals".[81]
The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that Germany had to relinquish several of its territories
and demilitarise the Rhineland. The treaty imposed economic sanctions and levied heavy
reparations on the country. Many Germans saw the treaty as an unjust humiliation. They
especially objected to Article 231, which they interpreted as declaring Germany responsible for
the war.[82] The Versailles Treaty and the economic, social, and political conditions in Germany
after the war were later exp
s wartime experience reinforced his German patriotism, and he was shocked by Germany's
capitulation in November 1918.[79] His displeasure with the collapse of the war effort began to
shape his ideology.[80] Like other German nationalists, he believed the Dolchstoßlegende (stab-in-
the-back myth), which claimed that the German army, "undefeated in the field", had been
"stabbed in the back" on the home front by civilian leaders, Jews, Marxists, and those who
signed the armistice that ended the fighting—later dubbed the "November criminals".[81]
The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that Germany had to relinquish several of its territories
and demilitarise the Rhineland. The treaty imposed economic sanctions and levied heavy
reparations on the country. Many Germans saw the treaty as an unjust humiliation. They
especially objected to Article 231, which they interpreted as declaring Germany responsible for
the war.[82] The Versailles Treaty and the economic, social, and political conditions in Germany
after the war were later exp