SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

ON

“CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNTIES FOR FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN INDIA

& EXIM PROCEDURES IN JEENA & COMPANY”

In Partial Fulfillment of Award of Master of business administration

(International business + Marketing)
(SEMESTER 3)

Under the guidance of:

Submitted by :
Name: Dr. Gurpreet Kaur Chabra
Name: Rakshit Nagarkoti
Designation: Associate Professor
Enrollment no. - 03915103922
Department Of Management

Management Education and Research Institute Janakpuri, -110058

Affiliated with
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
(Session 2022-2024)

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 CERTIFICATE FROM THE INSTITUTE

This is to certify that MR. Rakshit Nagarkoti has worked under my guidance on the topic
title “Challenges & Opportunities of Freight Forwarders in India & EXIM Procedures
and documentation” at JEENA & COMPANY, New Delhi. The summer training was
undertaken for a period of two months.

During this period, I found her work satisfactory.

_
Prof.
(Faculty Guide) (MERI
COLLEGE)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Logistics
1.2 Supply Chain
1.3 Incoterms
1.4 Types of Shipping Containers
1.5 Major ports in India
1.6 Custom House Agents
1.7 Shipping Lines vs NVOCC
1.8 Top 10 key players in Shipping Lines
1.9 Freight Forwarders
1.10 Freight Forwarders as a Crucial Link in Exim Operations in India
1.11 Typical work activities of Freight Forwarders
1.12 Functions of Freight Forwarders
1.13 Freight Forwarder Roles and Responsibilities
1.14 General Trade Problems resolved by Freight Forwarders
1.15 Top 10 key players in Freight Forwarding

2. Chapter 2: CHALLENGES OF FREIGHT FORWARDERS

2.1 Political & Legal Challanges
2.2 Factors Which Hinders the Success of the Freight Forwarding
2.3 Issues with Modes of Transportation
2.3.1 Road Freight
2.3.2 Rail Freight 2.3.3 Air Freight
2.3.4 Port Freight
2.4 The Digital imperative in Freight Forwarding

3. Chapter 3: OPPORTUNITIES OF FREIGHT FORWARDERS

3.1 Key initiatives taken by Government
3.1.1 Bharatmala Project
3.1.2 Logistics Infrastructure
3.2 Promoting ease of doing business
3.2.1 Establishment of free trade warehousing zones
3.3.2 Port community system
3.2.3 Ease of norms for Cargo Movement
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 3.2.4 Various Other Initiatives
3.3 Logistics moving towards a new horizon
3.3.1 Industrial Corridors
3.3.2 Logistics Data Bank Services
3.3.3 Developing logistics portal
3.3.4 Multi -Modal Logistics Parks Policy
3.4 Initiatives in Rail sector
3.4.1 Indore – Manmad Rail line
3.5 Initiative in Port sector
3.5.1 Establishment of Dry ports
3.5.2 Re-drawl of the high risk area in the Indian Ocean
3.6 Inland Water ways sector
3.6.1 Logistic hubs with rail connectivity
3.7 Logistics Efficiency enhancement program (LEEP)

4. Chapter 4: About JEENA & COMPANY

4.1 Company profile
4.2 Services
4.3 Accreditations
4.4 Software used under documentation
4.5 Current challenges for JEENA & COMPANY
4.6 Services of Key Players (Not undertaken in JEENA & COMPANY)

5. Chapter 5: EXIM PROCEDURES IN JEENA & COMPANY

5.1 Export procedures
5.1.1 Air exports
5.1.2 Ocean exports
5.2 Import procedures
5.2.1 Air imports
5.2.2 Ocean imports
5.3 Documents set for exports
5.4 Document set for imports

6. Chapter 6: SWOT Analysis of JEENA & COMPANY

7. Chapter 7: LITERATURE REVIEW

7.1 International Freight Forwarding
7.2 Custom clearance
7.3 Transportation
7.4 Scope of exports
7.5 Scope of imports

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8. Chapter 8: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
8.1 Primary data
8.2 Secondary data
8.3 Limitations of the study
8.4 Objectives of the study

9. Chapter 9: SCOPE AND OBSERVATION OF THE STUDY

9.1 Scope of the study
9.2 Observation of the study

10. Chapter 10: LEARNING FROM THE PROJECT

11. Chapter 11: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

12. Chapter 12: BIBILOGRAPHY

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation
towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active
guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project.

I am ineffably indebted to Mr. Azam rouf Ansari for conscientious guidance and
encouragement to accomplish this assignment.

I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty for Dr. Gurpreet kaur chabra
his valuable guidance and support on completion of this project in its presently.

I extend my gratitude to MERI COLLEGE for giving me this opportunity.

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents, who
have always supported me morally as well as economically.

At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to
complete this project report.

Any omission in this brief acknowledgement does not mean lack of gratitude.

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 DECLARATION

I Rakshit Nagarkoti, Enrollment no. 03915103922 Student of Master of Business Administration,

belong in to Management Education and research institute, declare that this Project Report / Dissertation
certify that the summer internship project report entitled “CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNTIES FOR
FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN INDIA & EXIM PROCEDURES IN JEENA & COMPANY”
is done by me and it is an authentic work carried out by me Management Education and Research Institute.
under the supervision of MR. Azam Rouf Ansari (Deputy manager jeena & company) and Dr. gurpreet kaur
chabra (faculty coordinator) I am submitting this Project Report / Dissertation in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration in Finance by Management
Education and Research Institute during the academic year 2022-24. The matter embodied in this project
work has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

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 ABSTRACT

The Project is on the Challenges and Opportunities of Freight forwarders in India &
Operations of EXIM Procedures in JEENA & COMPANY, Hence the study was done on the
basis of procedures and news available about the Industry.

The Project conveys Opportunities prevailing in the market in terms of Government initiatives
and schemes incorporated especially for Freight Forwarders in India and what are the current
issues and challenges that they are facing which is divided in terms of basic, key and vital
ones and it covers all the aspects and process involved in the EXIM operations and all the
legal formalities to be followed in the documentation. I tried to cover all the major aspects of
the training and my learnings in the Internship report.

It also encompasses the resources and visits that helped me understand the process of
ExportImport as well as do the SWOT Analysis of the Freight Forwarding Industry and also
Sales,

i.e. how to pitch clients and give business to company. This study also helped me in gaining
insights of proper documentation needed for following of regulations of laws which will
further be useful in future.

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Logistics

Logistics is defined by Fearson (2006), as the total management of the key operational functions in the supply
chain. It is the process of managing both the movement &storage of goods & materials from the source to the
point of ultimate consumption & the associated information flow. It is part of the supply chain process that
plans, implements & controls the efficient & effective flow & storage of goods, services & related information
from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet the customers’ requirements. Some of
the logistical functions are transportation, warehousing, information technology, & inventory management.
Efficient logistics will ensure the least cost in the supply chain while meeting or exceeding customer
requirements.

1.2 Supply Chain

Supply chain is a network of organizations that are involved in the upstream & downstream linkages in the
different processes & activities that produce value in the form of products & services in the hands of the
ultimate customer or consumer (Lysons & Farrington 2006). Upstream means against the current & relates to
the relationships between an enterprise & its suppliers & supplier’s suppliers. Downstream is with the current
& relates to the relationship between an enterprise & its customers. Nichols & Handfield (1999), point out
that the supply chain encompasses all activities associated with the flow & transformation of goods from the
raw material stage (extraction), through to the user, as well as the associated information flows. Supply Chain
Management (SCM) is the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the
tactics across these functions within a particular company and across business within the supply chain, for
the purposes of improving the long term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a
whole.

1.3 INCOTERMS

Why do we need INCOTERMS?

A cargo may move several days before it arrives at its destination. Even though shipping is much safer these
days, at times, cargo may still not reach its destination or reach it in bad shape. And when that happens, it is
important to know who owned the goods at the time it they were lost or damaged. For that reason, it is
important for buyer and seller to pre-define the responsibilities and obligations for transport of the goods.
INCOTERMS are all the possible ways of distributing responsibilities and obligations between two parties.

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These Responsibilities & Obligations include:
Point of delivery: Incoterms defines the point of delivery of the goods by seller to buyer. The meaning of
delivery here is” transfer of risk and responsibility”. So the INCOTERMS defines the point of change of
hands (passing of risk) from seller to buyer.
Transportation Costs: Incoterms defines which party pays for the transportation cost. There may be more
than one means of transportation and INCOTERMS defines who pays for which leg of the transportation.
In case of sea transport, it also means which party will act as shipper of the cargo.
Export and import formalities: Incoterms outlines which party arranges for export and import formalities.
Insurance costs: Incoterms outlines who bears the insurance costs.

INCOTERMS based upon the Modes of transportation:

The first group includes seven incoterms which can be used in any mode of transport. Incoterms EXW,
FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belongs to this group. The second group includes four incoterms, in
these incoterms the point of delivery and the destination place are both sea ports. Incoterms FAS, FOB,
CFR and CIF belongs to this second group.

(Source: https://www.communitycb.com/2018/05/21/incoterms-and-you/)

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1.4 TYPES OF SHIPPING CONTAINERS (20ft, 40ft, 40ft HC & 45ft HC)

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1.5 MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA:

Source: http://www.walkthroughindia.com/walkthroughs/the-12-major-sea-ports-of-india/

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 Kandla Port Mumbai Port Chennai Port
JNPT Port Blair Port Paradip Port Cochin Port Panambur Port
Vishakhapatnam Port Mormu gao Port Kolkata Port Tuticorin Port
Ennore Port

1.6 CUSTOM HOUSE AGENTS

Customs brokerage is a profession that involves the "clearing" of goods through customs barriers for importers
and exporters (usually businesses). This involves the preparation of documents and/or electronic submissions,
the calculation and payment of taxes, duties and excises, and facilitating communication between government
authorities and importers and exporters. Custom brokers may be employed by or affiliated with freight
forwarders, independent businesses, or shipping lines, importers, exporters, trade authorities, and customs
brokerage firms.

1.7 SHIPPING LINES VS NVOCC

SHIPPING LINES
A shipping line is a company or organization that owns and operates vessels, its responsible for the handling
and transporting of cargo aboard their ships. They deal with the cargo from point of origin to destination (port
to port), transiting regular routes on fixed schedules aboard their own vessels.

In other words, it is a company that operates the ships that actually carry the containers (owned or leased) and
cargo from load port to discharge port. Some of the shipping lines have their own container services also,
covering most ports of the world.

NVOCC
NVOCC stands for Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier. This means they are an ocean carrier that does
not have ships. They lease space from ocean carriers at a special price and sell the spaces to their customers.
They are considered a type of carrier and will have their own bills of lading and other documentation. You
would also file claims with your NVOCC if there is a problem and they are fully responsible for your shipping
container and cargo.

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Their job is akin to Freight forwarders, both companies will track your cargo and move it through the supply
chain, but an NVOCC also acts as a carrier and has more responsibility for your cargo.

1.8 TOP 10 KEY PLAYERS OF SHIPPING LINES:

S.No. Shipping Lines TEU's Revenue

1. A.P. Moller–Maersk Group 30,12,172 $40.30 Bn
2. Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) 26,59,489 $28.20 Bn
3. CMA CGM Group 17,99,291 $15.70 Bn
4. China Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO) 15,39,618 $10.20 Bn
5. Evergreen Marine 9,29,700 $4.60 Bn
6. Hapag-Lloyd 9,16,439 $12.00 Bn
7. Hamburg Süd Group 6,46,918 $6.90 Bn
8. Hanjin Shipping 6,21,243 $8.30 Bn
9. Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL) 5,65,113 -
10. United Arab Shipping Company (UASC) 5,64,117 -
Total $126.20 Bn

Source: https://moverdb.com/shipping-companies/

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1.9 FREIGHT FORWARDER AS A CRUCIAL LINK IN EXIM OPERATIONS
IN INDIA

1.10 FREIGHT FORWARDERS

A Freight forwarder is an individual or company that dispatches shipments via asset based carriers and
books or otherwise arranges space for those shipments. Common carrier types could include waterborne
vessels, airplanes, trucks or railroads. The movement of international freight among nations relies on a
complex array of long-distance transportation services. The process involves many participants, including
shippers, commercial for-hire carriers, third-party logistics providers, and consignees. Moreover, global
trade depends on seaport and airport services to move large volumes of merchandise over long distances
via a variety of transportation modes. The interaction of these services and participants is vital to successful
global trade. Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination. Also
referred to as International Freight Forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to prepare and
process the documentation and also perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some
of the typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper's export

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declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, or
transshipment. Much of this information is now processed in a paperless environment. As an analogy,
freight forwarders have been called travel agents for freight.

1.11 Typical work activities of Freight Forwarders:

Typical activities
include:

• Researching and planning the most appropriate route for a shipment (taking account of the perishable or
hazardous nature of the goods, cost, transit time and security);

• Arranging appropriate packing (taking account of climate, terrain, weight, nature of goods and cost) and
delivery or warehousing of goods at their final destination;
• Obtaining, checking and preparing documentation to meet customs and insurance requirements,
packing specifications, and compliance with overseas countries' regulations and fiscal regimes

• Offering consolidation services by air, sea and road - ensuring cost effective and secure solutions to
small shippers with insufficient cargo to utilize their own dedicated units;

• Liaising with third parties to move goods (by road, rail, air or sea) in accordance with customer
requirements;

• Arranging insurance and assisting the client in the event of a claim;

• Offering tailored IT solutions and EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) connections
• Arranging payment of freight and other charges, or collection of payment on behalf of the client;

• Transmitting data by internet and satellite systems, enabling real-time tracking and tracing of goods;

• Arranging air transport for urgent and high-value freight and managing the risk door to door;

• Arranging charters for large volume, out-of-gauge or project movements by air and sea;
• Acting as broker in customs negotiations worldwide to guide the freight efficiently through complex
procedures;

• Arranging courier and specialist hand-carry services;

• Working closely with customers, colleagues and third parties to ensure smooth operations to deadlines
• Acting as consultant in customs matters.
• Maintaining current knowledge of relevant legislation, political situations and other factors that could
affect the movement of freight.

1.12 Functions of Freight Forwarders:

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 Ground
Freight

Ocean Customs
Freight Clearance

Freight
Forwarder Multi Modal
Air Freight TPT by land, water & sea

Tender Warehousing &

Mgmt 3PL

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1.13 Freight Forwarders Roles and Responsibilities

Activities vary depending on the type and size of employer but typically include:

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Assist with freight quotes and other costs of international forwarding

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 Give a precise and itemized list of forwarding costs

Booking for freight space on airlines, trains, vessels and other modes of
transportation.

Consolidate shiment from various suppliers.

Prepare necessary document and certifications for shipment

Handle legalization procedures whenever necessary

Distribute important documents to concerned parties in the transaction

such as banks, buyers, suppliers, etc

Prepare for insurance coverage when necessary.

Provide facilities or warehouses in foreign destinations.

Provide adequate information on hazardous materials for shipment when

necessary.

Give other specialized services when needed.

Freight Forwarder ensures that movement of Shipment is done-

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 At The Right
Place

At Most
At The Right
Economic Cost
Time

In Good
Order and Condition

1.14 General Trade Problems resolved by Freight Forwarders

Missed Flights or Sailings of the Shipments

Failure to Negotiate Competitive Air or Sea Freight Rates Mis-delivered or Misrouted Cargo
Mis-calculation of Air or Sea Freight Rates Over billing On Inland, Air or Sea Freight Costs
Failure to ensure Cargo or Arrange Adequate Coverage Late Presentation of Documents on Letters of Credit Failure to

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1.15 Top 10 key players in Freight Forwarding as per 2019 Report:
Top Ocean Freight Forwarders

Rank
2019 Company Headquarters Ocean Containers
1 Kuehne + Nagel Inc. Switzerland 46,90,000
2 Sinotrans Ltd. China 33,60,300
3 DHL Supply Chain Germany 32,25,000
4 DSV Panalpina AS Denmark 29,26,448
5 DB Schenker USA Germany 22,19,000
6 Kerry Logistics Network Hong Kong 11,96,607
7 Expeditors International of Washington United States 11,67,820
8 C.H. Robinson Worldwide United States 10,00,000
9 Hellmann Worldwide Logistics Germany 9,01,698
10 Bollore Logistics France 8,64,000
Source: https://www.ttnews.com/top50/oceanfreight/2019

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Top Airfreight Forwarders

Rank
2019 Company Headquarters Airfreight (Metric Tons)
1 DHL Supply Chain Germany 21,50,000
2 Kuehne + Nagel Inc. Switzerland 17,43,000
3 DSV Panalpina AS Switzerland 17,27,745
4 DB Schenker USA Germany 13,77,000
5 Expeditors International of Washington United States 10,11,563
6 UPS Supply Chain Solutions United States 9,35,300
7 Nippon Express Co. Japan 8,99,116
8 Bollore Logistics France 6,40,700
9 Kintetsu World Express Japan 5,80,228
10 Hellmann Worldwide Logistics Germany 5,78,007
Source: https://www.ttnews.com/top50/airfreight/2019

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 CHAPTER-2

CHALLENGES FOR FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN INDIA

2.1 POLITICAL & LEGAL CHALLANGES

• Cultural and political differences are the main reasons for the seemingly weird customs laws of some
countries. In most cases, however, certain customs laws are perfectly rational. (For instance, quarantine laws
may apply to certain food products. These may also apply to live animals, plants and even people. The main
purpose of quarantine is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases).

• Cargo forwarding operations face potential losses due to civil unrest, bad weather and other natural
disasters. The risks involved in the business are usually covered by insurance but the insurance coverage
varies depending on the value and quantity of the items.

• The varying and sometimes conflicting jurisdictional and international regulations are problematic issues
for freight forwarders and their respective clients. As the saying goes, “the devil is in the details.” Some
countries may ban certain items that are typically legal in other countries.

• Spite of free trade agreements and globalization, there are still many countries that have protectionist laws.
These laws may prevent the importation or exportation of certain items at a commercialized or large-scale
level. However, these items might be perfectly legal at small-scale or personal levels. Other custom laws are
either outdated or plainly weird.

• The legal aspect of cargo forwarding includes both domestic and international regulations. Some
regulations are highly specific to a particular country. Other regulatory provisions, however, are international
in scope. These pose problems for freight forwarders in several ways.

2.2 FACTORS THAT HINDERS FREIGHT FORWARDERS SUCCESS IN INDIA

Factors that influence a shipper’s mode of transport are based on the Total Product Concept (TPC) which
affects the efficiency in distribution of goods. This also include

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reliability, frequency, transit time, capital tied up in stock, quality of service, packaging, warehouse charges,
permits and licenses, import duty and insurance. Customer loyalty is lost due to inefficiency in distribution
of goods. Customers expect to benefit through consumption of goods imported, thus creating a value chain.

Goods have to reach the point of consumption within the shortest possible time. Factors that causes delay:

• Use of unqualified and inexperienced clearing agents contributes to delays in clearing of goods.
• Mistakes done by inexperienced staff are costly in terms of demurrage charges, damage to customer
goodwill and relations in upstream and downstream linkages in the supply chain. Having unqualified
personnel is the most dangerous gamble and liability which should never be experimented with since
customers reject delayed cargo and the clearing agent end up facing legal penalties thus increasing costs
in the supply chain.

• Poor infrastructure has a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness in distribution of cargo.
Poor transportation and communication network influences the bad performance of freight forwarders.
• Poor management of roads, railways, airports, waterways and bonded warehouses negatively impact the
efficiency of the supply chain hence there is a need for the government to invest heavily in infrastructural
development.
• Strict Regulatory Environments
• Cumbersome Clearing Procedures at the Border Posts and Gateways
• Cost Reduction Strategies within the Supply Chain

2.3 ISSUES WITH MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

2.3.1 Road Freight

Poor quality of roads and network connectivity

Stoppage of vehicles at State border check posts: major cause of delays

No stringent requirement or regulations for starting a trucking business

Large number of small and unorganized players, with no industry consolidation and intense compe

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2.3.2 Rail Freight

Freight tariffs in India are among the highest in the world

Rail freight lacks reliability and track ability

It is deficient in terms of quality of operations, speed, and customer orientation

2.3.3 Air Freight

There is absence of integrated cargo infrastructure

There are inadequacies in gateway and hinterland connectivity through rail and road

There is a need for streamlining of Customs procedures in air cargo

There is a need of technological up-gradation of cargo handling processes

There is a need to formulate a performance based service

2.3.4 Port Freight

There are inefficiencies in berthing, and delays in loading and unloading. i.e. high turnaround time o

There are delays in co-ordination between ports and the

Customs authorities
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 2.4 DIGITAL IMPERATIVE IN FREIGHT FORWARDING

A wave of digital disruption is about to hit sea and air freight forwarders. Startups, suppliers, and even
customers are using digital technologies to develop a variety of innovative business models that will
dramatically improve the customer experience and eliminate entrenched operational inefficiencies. These
digital business models have the potential to overturn the dominant position traditional forwarders have
long held in the industry.

• Startups- such as Freightos and Flexport has developed digital business models that streamline the customer
experience and provide greater visibility into the supply chain.

• Competitors- such as Kuehne + Nagel and Maersk-Damco are digitizing their go-to-market approach,
incubating new business models to revamp the customer experience, improve profitability, and drive new
growth.

• Suppliers- such as Maersk, with its portal, my.Maerskline.com, are digitizing their booking processes to
significantly reduce the time needed to complete a container booking. Increasingly, carriers are trying to sell
directly to shippers and bypass forwarders altogether.

• Integrators- such as FedEx (including its TNT Express subsidiary) and UPS are increasingly expanding
their activities in logistics by leveraging their end-to-end IT systems.

• Customers- with strong technology capabilities who are eager to gain control of the complete online
customer experience are entering the race. Amazon, for example, is set up well to move into air and ocean
freight forwarding.

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 CHAPTER-3

OPPORTUNITIES FOR FREIGHT FORWARDERS IN INDIA

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Source: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/how-new-govt-divisionplans-to-reduce-
indias-logistics-cost-to-less-than-10-of-gdp/articleshow/62395133.cms?from=mdr

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3.1 KEY INITIATIVES TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
3.1.1 BHARATMALA PROJECT
The next phase of Highway Development in India will focus in building Expressways which allow
uninterrupted traffic flow. Under the second phase of Bharat mala the Government has proposed to build
nearly 3000 km of Express ways including Varanasi-Ranchi-Kolkata, Indore-Mumbai, Bengaluru-Pune,
Chennai-Trichy.

The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) which has been tasked with implementing the flagship
highway development Programme has invited bids for undertaking projects preparation so that projects are
ready as soon as they work for the first phase are bid out.

This is aimed at reducing distance and travel time as well.

Source: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharatmala-2-0-to-focus-on-expressways-add-4000-km
greenfield-roads/articleshow/67617128.cms

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3.1.2 LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE
The logistics sector has been granted infrastructure status. Realizing the importance of the logistics sector to
promote trade, the government has created a separate special secretary-level post in the commerce ministry
to coordinate with all the ministries concerned & departments. Earlier, there was no single department or
ministry to look at all the aspects related to logistics covering various modes of shipment such as sea, roads
and railways.

Since the logistics cost in India is very high compared to developed countries, this new step leads to
development of logistics and would give a boost to both domestic and external demand thereby
encouraging manufacturing and ‘job creation’. This will in turn be instrumental in improving country’s
GDP. Logistics Infrastructure” means and includes Multi-modal Logistics Park comprising Inland
Container Depot (ICD), Cold Chain Facility and Warehousing Facility. This status would help the sector
get credit at competitive rates and on a long-term basis as rising logistics cost impacts global
competitiveness of exporters. It will enable the Logistics Sector to avail infrastructure lending at easier
terms with enhanced limits, access to larger amounts of funds as External Commercial Borrowings (ECB),
access to longer tenor funds from insurance companies and pension funds and be eligible to borrow from
India Infrastructure Financing Company Limited (IIFCL). The upcoming days will be an opportunity for
flourishment of Indian Logistics sector and surely this will help us bringing more business into action.”

3.2 PROMOTING EASE OF DOING BUSINESS

This has been at the core of the efforts of the Ministry during the year. Focus has been on simplifying
procedures by removing irritants that make it cumbersome to carry on business smoothly. The major
highlights in this regard are:

3.2.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF FREE TRADE WAREHOUSING ZONES:

As per the government’s initiative of setting up free trade warehousing zones (FTWZ), several free trade
zones have been established across the country with the objective of facilitating trade of goods and services
in free currency. FTWZs offer a single window solution for multiple logistics activities, with particular focus
on trade flow. Several new FTWZs are being set up by logistics players. For example, in 2012, DHL
announced plans to set up three new FTWZs. At present, India has a cold chain capacity of around 9 million
tonnes. The demand for additional cold storage capacity is expected to be about 15 million tonnes by the end
of 12th Five-Year Plan period. It is expected that with the opening up of foreign direct investment (FDI) in
multibrand retail, organised food retailers would demand significant enhancements in cold chain and

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distribution infrastructure. In order to encourage investments in cold storage infrastructure, the government
has announced several policy measures, such as granting accelerated depreciation benefits for imported
equipment and greater public-private partnerships. The National Centre for Cold Chain Development has
been established to strengthen the cold storage infrastructure. To meet higher demand, several logistics
companies have set up subsidiaries in the cold chain management business. Some examples of the same are
as follows:

1. Container Corporation of India (CONCOR) has a 100 per cent subsidiary, Fresh and Healthy Enterprises
(FHEL), which is engaged in cold chain management. Its clients include Walmart, More, Big Bazaar,
Mother Dairy and Big Apple.

2. Gateway Distriparks Limited entered the cold chain logistics business through its subsidiary, Snowman
Frozen Foods Limited, as a joint venture with Mitsubishi Group of Japan.

3.2.2 PORT COMMUNITY SYSTEM

A centralized web-based Port Community System (PCS) has been operationalized across all Major Ports
which enables seamless data flow between the various stakeholders viz. Customs, Shipping Lines, ICDs,
Agents, Surveyors, Stevedores, Banks, Container Freight Stations, Government regulatory agencies,
Customs House agents, Importers, Exporters, CONCOR/Railways, etc. through common interface. The
present system PCS 1.0 has been upgraded to PCS 1x.

3.2.3. EASE OF NORMS FOR CARGO MOVT

Bibek Debroy-led Logistics Development Committee has suggested creation of an independent logistics
department within commerce ministry entrusted with the responsibility to develop a national logistics plan
with a long term perspective (five to 10 year) and yearly operational plans with constant review and
monitoring.

“Rail freight tariff structure (both slabs and absolute tariff rates) be reduced and rationalised at least on
select pilot routes like Delhi-JNPT, Delhi-Mundra, etc and facilitate running of time-tabled freight trains
for some select pilot rain routes to provide trade superior rail transport services and arrest the fall in its
freight modal mix,” the committee has said. Highlighting the challenges pertaining to trade facilitation at
the border, the committee has suggested to do away with physical examination, to be resorted only in
exceptional cases, and shift towards fully facilitated ‘trust-based’ clearance process. “Create a fully
automated paperless trade environment, set up a single window digital portal integrating all stakeholders
and monitor key outputs across all major trade gateways,” it added.

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3.2.4 VARIOUS OTHER INITIATIVES
Ministry of Shipping had identified various parameters for reducing dwell time and transaction costs in the
Major Ports. These include: Elimination of manual forms, Accommodation for laboratories to Participating
Government Agencies (PGAs), Direct Port Delivery, Installation of Container Scanners, E-delivery orders;
RFID based Gate-automation System linked with EDI System, etc. These initiatives have already been
implemented at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JN Port) and are being taken up in other Major Ports.
Elimination of manual Forms has cut down long queues and waiting time for containers at the port gate and
enabled faster evacuation of EXIM cargo and reduced congestion at port gates. The RFID solution that is
linked with EDI Systems has been implemented in all Major Ports to enhance security, remove bottlenecks
for seamless movement of traffic across port gates, ensure tracking & tracing of man, material, vehicle,
equipment, & other assets, and collection of revenue as per the notified rates.

3.3 LOGISTICS MOVING TOWARDS A NEW HORIZON

3.3.1 INDUSTRIAL CORRIDORS:

Industrial corridor programme envisages creation of world class infrastructure, connectivity and new
greenfield smart cities as global manufacturing hubs which will create large employment opportunities.
The Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) Project has made substantial progress with trunk
infrastructure development activities nearing completion at four locations in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar
Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Allotment of developed land to industries has begun in these places and 56
plots constituting 335.51 acres have already been allotted. This is expected to bring an investment of about
Rs. 8354 crore over a period of 3-5 years.

Based on the initial success of DMIC project, the Government has also started planning and development
activities in four other industrial corridor projects i.e. Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC),
Chennai Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC), Bengaluru Mumbai Economic Corridor (BMEC) and East
Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC) from Kolkata to Chennai. Trunk infrastructure activities in these corridor
projects are planned to be initiated from next year.

3.3.2 LOGISTICS DATA BANK SERVICES

Logistics Data Bank Service under Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development Corporation Ltd.
(DMICDC), for enabling track & trace movement of EXIM container has been implemented at JNPT and
is being implemented at other Major Ports.

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3.3.3 DEVELOPING LOGISTICS PORTAL:

India has improved its global rankings on trading across borders from 146th rank in 2017 to 80th rank in
2018. Department of Commerce is working on reducing the logistics cost from the current 14% of GDP to
10% by 2022 through an integrated approach. A National
Logistics Portal is being developed which will serve as a transactional e-marketplace by connecting buyers,
logistics service providers and relevant government agencies. The portal will be a single window market
place to link all stakeholders.

3.3.4 MULTI-MODAL LOGISTICS PARKS POLICY:

The Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) are a key policy initiatives of Government of India to improve
the country’s logistics sector by lowering over freight costs, reducing vehicular pollution and congestion
and cutting warehouse costs with a view to promote movements of goods for domestic and global trade.
At present there is no specific definition, specification and standardization of multi-modal logistics parks.

3.4 INITIATIVES IN RAIL SECTOR

3.4.1 INDORE-MANMAD RAIL LINE

An MoU for implementation of the 362 km Indore- Manmad New Railway Line Project was signed on
28.08.2018 between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Ministry of Railways, Govt of
Maharashtra and Govt of Madhya Pradesh. The new project will reduce the distance from
Mumbai/Pune to key central India locations by 171 kilometers, resulting in lower logistics costs. This is
especially significant as the new railway line will pass through the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor nodes
of Igatpuri, Nashik and Sinnar; Pune and Khed; and Dhule and Nardana.

3.5 INITIATIVES IN PORT SECTOR

3.5.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF DRY PORTS

The purpose of dry ports is to reduce congestion at ports by processing and completing bulk of the formalities
relating to cargo here so that ships can set sail without delay at the sea ports. Dry ports at Jalna and Wardha
to service JNPT to be set up this year.

3.5.2 RE-DRAWL OF HIGH RISK ARE IN INDIAN OCEAN

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International bodies have agreed to India’s efforts to push back the High Risk Area (HRA) from 78 degrees
East longitude to the 65 degrees East longitude. This will result in huge savings for India’s EXIM trade and
consumers on account of reduced insurance premium and consequently freight costs. This will be a major
gain for India on global maritime stage, resulting in a saving of about Rs.1500 crore per annum for merchant
ships.
3.6 INLAND WATERWAYS SECTOR

3.6.1 LOGISTIC HUBS

A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between the Inland Waterways Authority of India
(IWAI) and the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) for creation of logistic hubs with
rail connectivity at Varanasi and other places on National Waterways. This is expected to lead to convergence
of inland waterways with rail and road connectivity and provide a seamless, efficient and cost effective cargo
transportation solution.

3.7 LOGISTICS EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT PROG (LEEP)

A proposal to initiate a ‘Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Program (LEEP) and Vehicle Fleet
Modernization Program (VMP)’ to improve India’s logistics efficiency is already under consideration in
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India (MoRTH). LEEP and VMP are expected to
support the ‘Make in India’ initiative and significantly raise India’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) score
in the World Bank’s ranking.

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CHAPTER-4
4.1 COMPANY PROFILE

JEENA & COMPANY

Pallonji Katgara & Jamshedji Dastoor established Jeena in Mumbai, India with a startup finance of US$
75, a small capital from Jeenabhai. Jehangirji and Kaikushroo started Clearing, Shipping and
Warehousing departments and developed Jeena's Import and Indent business. Breathing supply chain &
logistics since 1900, we are an industry leader providing technology- driven supply chain solutions.
Today, we are the Largest Indian Freight Forwarder in the global market & consistently rank in the TOP 3
Logistics Companies in India.
Breathing supply chain & logistics since 1900, we are an industry leader providing technology- driven
supply chain solutions. Today, we are the Largest Indian Freight Forwarder in the global market &
consistently rank in the TOP 3 Logistics Companies in India. We have a network of international agents
who are leading forwarders in their respective countries. We are an "IATA- Accredited Agent" and
Member of FIATA, ACAAI, FFFAI, BCHAA, FAPAA, MTO, WCA,
IFFOO, major Chambers of Commerce and Industry and also represent the
“Port Of Halifax” as its Indian ambassador. We currently service a host of industries which include
Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Automobile, Engineering, Retail & Fashion. We are a One-Stop-Shop for
all your Import & Export Supply Chain and Logistics solutions, offering an array of services.
Website http://www.jeena.com/
Industries
Truck Transportation
Company size
501-1,000 employees
Headquarters
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Type
Partnership Founded
1900
Specialties
FREIGHT FORWARDING, CUSTOM CLEARANCE, DOOR TO DOOR, VALUE ADDED SERVICES,
QUALITY INSPECTIONS, and GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

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VISION - Connecting people, businesses and communities through logistics and technology

through innovation & service delivery for a profitable and sustainable growth

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MISSION - To become the world’s most preferred logistics solutions company

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delivering the highest value to all our stakeholders

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VALUES - We are committed to staying connected through mutual trust and

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4.2 SERVICES

Prologis understands what it takes to delivering on time, on budget and beyond your expectations.
Our international hands-on team have the expertise to manage your freight movements worldwide. The
skilled logistics staff coordinates multi-modal transport strategies to deliver strong commercial and
performance outcomes.

AIR FREIGHT
• Tie-up with leading IATA agents and airlines
• Complete IATA regulations
• Space allocated in warehouses at all major airports
• In-house team for Customs related services
• Weekly consolidations collaborating with our partners in Hong Kong, China, Europe, South
East Asia and USA

OCEAN FREIGHT
• Buyer consolidation and GOH handling
CUSTOM
• Dedicated CLEARANCE
CFS space with& GROUND
C-TPAT FREIGHT
compliance
•• Freight
WAREHOUSING Specialists&atapproved
FMC/FIATA/MTO 3all
PLmajorHBL
ports in India
• End
• •Over to End
Break3,00,000solutions
Bulk andsqft of warehousing space
projects
• ••Modern
Guidance
LCL consolidationsconcessions
for Duty
Material Handling & appraisals
equipment
• •24 Same
X 7 day delivery
Security
• Inventory Management - Sorting, picking, packing
• Warehouse Management system

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4.3 ACCREDITATIONS
4.3.1 Member of World Cargo Alliance (WCA)
Most reputable freight forwarders belong to at least one, if not several, trade organizations and
associations such as: NCBFAA, IATA, WCA, etc. These associations enforce minimum standards and
while they do not guarantee quality, they are a good indication of it. Prologis is fortunate enough to be a
member of WCA. being a Group Company of Bothra Groups,

Prologis got the wonderful opportunity to become a member of WCA in just a few months of
its incorporation which otherwise takes 2 years to get enrolled with them.

World Cargo Alliance (WCA) is the world’s largest and most powerful network of independent freight
forwarders and covers more than 5000 member offices 190 countries around the world. It’s an elite class
web portal and all the agents enroll themselves in it. Founded in 1998 by President David Yokeum as the
world’s first worldwide non-exclusive network. WCA is neutrally managed and operated to truly benefit
every member company. The combined logistics might of the WCA membership exceeds that even of the
world’s largest multinational freight forwarders.

Every member of every WCA network is also automatically covered by the most generous and extensive
financial protection programme in the industry that allows your company to conduct business with other
WCA members with complete security and peace of mind. Dedicated entirely to providing world-beating
benefits and networking opportunities to its members, WCA employs a full time staff of service and support
offices around the world. That support includes customer services, information technology, marketing and
design, accounting and legal advice. WCA remains the true innovator in the logistics networking industry
and continue to develop industry-leading solutions to the challenges and opportunities faced by the world’s
best independent freight forwarders.

4.3.2 FIATA
FIATA is the leading non-governmental organization in the field of transportation and
logistics. It is the global voice for Freight Forwarders, comprising of members from 126
countries. this would be an ideal opportunity for Indian Freight Forwarders to showcase
their expertise and at the same time for the outside world to know the potentiality existing
in Indian freight forwarding business. It would be an opportunity for the Indian Freight

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Forwarders to interact with their foreign counterparts not just to learn their best practices,
but to create contacts and build partnerships.

FIATA covers multiple modes of transportation and is involved in policies that govern the
freight forwarding industry. FIATA is segmented into Institutes, Advisory Bodies, and
Working Groups. Together they deal with every aspect international movement of cargo,
including the latest developments and the future trends in the freight forwarding industry.

4.3.3 IATA
IATA, (International Air Transport Association) is a trade body of the world’s airlines. There are over 250
participating carriers across 100+ countries. Collectively, IATA carriers represent over 85% of the world's
processed airline revenue. Headquartered in Montreal, IATA have key offices around the world. They act
as a collective body in establishing foundation airfares, whereby any airline's tariff department may obtain
the published fare of another carrier. This is an essential part of IATA's role as it allows airlines as well as
'GDS' (Global Distribution Systems) to use IATA as a clearing house for this information. IATA also
globally represents the interests of air carriers around the world.

IATA plays an important role in the creation of essential training and validation materials for airlines and
travel agencies, for the safe-keeping, processing, and management of revenue distribution, dangerous goods
transport training, and air safety for both the industry and passengers. One of IATA's key roles is through
representation of airline's common interests in far-reaching countries, where IATA can often serve as an
adjudicator through arbitration services.

4.4 Software used under Documentation

Cargo Wise
Wise Tech Global is an innovative global developer of cloud-based software solutions for the international
and domestic logistics industries. Since 1994 they have helped logistics companies efficiently manage the
movement of goods and information. With over 12,000 logistics organizations using our software across 130
countries, their breakthrough solutions are designed to deliver powerful productivity, extensive functionality,
comprehensive integration, and deep compliance capabilities. Their flagship product, Cargo Wise, provides
a comprehensive end-to-end logistics solution, and forms an integral link in the global supply chain. From
single-office businesses to large multinational companies worldwide, their clients are able to improve their
visibility, efficiency, quality of service, and profitability by utilizing their next-generation technology. Cargo
Wise is a single-platform software solution built upon a single guiding principle: increasing your productivity.

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It's a single-database, enterprise-class management system for logistics businesses across 130 countries. They
have more than 8,000 logistics organizations using their solutions. To move large quantities of goods across
the country and around the world, Nations depend on their freight transportation system—a vast network of
roads, bridges, rail tracks, airports, seaports, navigable waterways, pipelines, and equipment.

4.5 Current challenges for JEENA & COMPANY

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Since the Operations Process is not completely digitized, the employees struggle a bit as they still use medium like email

Kuehne Nagel, DHL & other Top FF has facilities like NVOCC & dedicated fleets to give optimal solution to the customers &

Lack of close partnership with leading carriers, makes us non-flexible as we're unable change routes mid-shipment or

Not making use of new technologies to cope up with the existing & new competitors in the Digital era.

No Overseas Office abroad

Not able to guarantee container space on carrier to customers which currently Maersk is ensuring with its online service

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4.6 SOME SERVICES OF KEY PLAYERS (NOT UNDERTAKEN IN JEENA &
COMPANY)

FREIGHT FORWARDERS

1. Kuehne+Nagel

Integrated Logistics

Industry specific expertise

Industry solution experts have in-depth knowledge of our six focus industries. They know the challenges of
your industry’s supply chain and how to tackle them. This enables them to design, implement and manage
solutions for your company's needs, faster and more efficiently.

• Aerospace

Best components availability and minimum inventory through lean transportation management tailored to
inbound, outbound and aftermarket of upstream tiers, airframers, airlines and MROs. SkylogistiX offers
specialised solutions for the management of inflight equipment and product. (Inbound to Factory,
Aftermarket Spare Parts, Inflight Logistics)

• Automotive

Rationalized global supply chains as a result of real time dynamic transportation management and visibility
to solve the most complex inbound, inter-factory and distribution challenges of upstream tiers, OEMs and
car manufacturers considering regional constraints. (Inbound to Factory, Aftermarket Spare Parts)

• Consumer

Integrated Logistics offers solutions to create durable cost and cash savings while improving delivery
performance to increase competitiveness, responsiveness and end customer satisfaction. (Inbound to
Factory, End-to-end Logistics Management)

• High Tech

End-to-end supply chain optimization facilitated by a global Logistics Control Centre infrastructure,
enabling and orchestrating the perfect collaboration of all involved supply chain partners. This allows
clients to reduce inventories, lower distribution costs and speed up new product market introductions.
(Direct Ship, Reverse Logistics)

• Industrial

Solutions reducing complexity and total cost while increasing On-Time-In-Full performance and creating
end-to-end visibility. Our organically grown infrastructure constitutes an ideal backbone to further
rationalise and standardise global operations, enabling agile operational decisions. (Inbound to factory,
Intra-plant logistics, Outbound to end customer)

• Pharma & Healthcare

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The offering focuses on diagnostics and pharmaceuticals. It enables companies to improve their level of
regulatory compliance, to protect goods and to achieve synergies through collaboration. (Primary
Distribution)

KN ControlTower

It is the Kuehne + Nagel Integrated Logistics product that provides managed services tailored to meet
customer needs, simplifying supply chain complexity through integrated end-to-end solutions. KN
ControlTower combines our industry expertise, logistics resources and innovative technology to provide
essential network coordination that delivers enhanced visibility of the flow of goods, data and payments.
This enables you to optimise your logistics operating costs, lead times and inventory levels

Features-
• End-to-end management – integrating all transport modes
• Enhanced visibility, monitoring and control
• Ease and simplicity through one single point of contact
• Integrated, state-of-the-art information systems
• Vertical industry expertise and specific solutions
• Synergies with the Kuehne + Nagel global network

Blue Anchor Line Agent (BAL)

Blue Anchor Line (division of Transpac Container System Ltd.) is an NVOCC provides
full ocean carrier services under its own Bill of Lading and Sea Waybill. Kuehne + Nagel
is the worldwide agent and representative of BAL

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2. DB Schenker

Robotics are being deployed in warehouse pick operations, and DB Schenker is starting to pilot technology
developed for the pharmaceuticals industry. Robots are pulling medications from cells and sorting and
counting them. In the smaller controlled environments, robots can eliminate the need for a person as well
as human error. Automating picking operation also facilitates the requirements for quick — increasingly,
same day e-commerce deliveries. If you don’t have an automated robotic picking scenario, it’s hard to get
the job done fast enough.
Drones once excited the logistics industry for the prospects of their performing last mile deliveries – and
some companies are still working on that. But most now feel that drones show the most potential for
working inside large distribution centers, peering at items stacked very high for the sake of inspection and
inventory control. They are also starting to be used for yard operations, to automate accounting for trailers.
(Source: https://nowthatslogistics.com/robots-and-drones/)

1. DB Schenker Collaborates with Cisco to Reveal the Internet of Things

The two teams have joined forces to examine technologies that unleash new opportunities to optimize
warehouse and transportation processes. A joint Innovation Lab is open and set up in DB Schenker’s
warehouse in Houston, Texas to test and commercialize new technologies for logistics. Schenker and Cisco
are testing cutting edge technologies, including:

Sensor
based solutions

Video Facial
analytics Recognition
Energy and
Asset Management
Smart
Real-time
devices & Augmented Reality
locationing systems

Robotics
and automation

The applications are developed by both Cisco and DB Schenker. Following entry into the Innovation Lab,
applications and products are thoroughly tested by DB Schenker employees in a warehouse environment.
During the trial phase, the team assesses both technical feasibility and the value proposition within a
warehousing and supply chain environment
(Source: https://nowthatslogistics.com/db-schenker-collaborates-with-cisco-to-reveal-the-internet-ofthings/)

2. Value Added services in DB Schenker:

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It not only improves operations workflows, they facilitate strategies to postpone final assembly and
labeling of products till final consumption takes place. The ultimate aim is to improve inventory
management, reduce inventory holding and ensure configuration, transformation or localization of
products. Some of our proven effective solutions include:
1. Reconfiguration
2. Sequencing & sub-assembly services
3. SKD (semi knocked down) & CKD (completely knocked down)
4. Quality checks
5. Customization (e.g. stitching, laser engraving)
6. Packaging services (e.g. co-packing, shrinking, wrapping)
7. Labeling & price tagging
8. Reverse logistics (e.g. repairs, warranty checks)
9. Returns handling

3. DB Schenker’s Service & Aftermarket Logistics

They are globally-renowned services, designed to support Spare Parts and Reverse Logistics needs. Their
Reverse Logistics & Repair Services solutions minimize the cost and increase the velocity of the most
complex area of the supply chain returns. They combine consolidated transportation with specific reverse
center processes and systems to provide:

Reverse Logistics
• RMA (Return Material Authorization) Processing
• Return parts verification
• Returns inspection and disposition
• Replacement and warranty check
• Return to vendor  Asset recovering  Recycling.

Repair Services
• Visual & Mechanical inspection
• Screening
• Technical inspection
• Module replacement
• Dismantling
• Refurbishment and board repair (up to chipset replacement)

On the other hand, their Spares Logistics solutions ensure successful maintenance service on a global
level. It includes:
• Just-In-Time delivery to supply maintenance programs for end customer
• Time based service levels
• Warehousing and value added services like kitting, technical inspection and repacking
• Global stock transparency
• Transport consolidation and optimization
• Last mile delivery

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• Transport and logistic coordination by control centre concept

3. Expeditors

Expeditors’ multimodal program combines Sea+Air shipping services for savings over straight airfreight
shipments, all while maintaining reasonable transit times. Combining Sea+Air shipping

service can also help you minimize destination warehouse charges.

All multimodal shipments stay integrated within their global network, systems, and operational procedures,
and receive Expeditors’ support from start to finish.

• Better transit time and performance

Transit times for multimodal service fall between normal air and ocean shipments on the same lane, with
time savings up to 50 percent over an ocean transit.

• Simplified shipment documentation

Sea+Air services at Expeditors move on a single transport document and a single per-kilo rate covers all
transportation and trans-shipment costs.

• Global tracking and reporting

Global visibility for all Sea+Air shipments is provided by Expeditors’ online tracking system, exp.o®, and
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) communication protocols process Sea+Air shipment information.

4. Hellmann

• Online Container Disposition

In the past a list of incoming containers had to be created manually & mailed to the customers
But now this program filters all the containers of a customer’s shipment & displays them Clearly
& sortable by different criteria in Hellmann Portal.
As soon as a container is arriving, it is instantly provided for the customer with all relevant Data.
Thus, the customer always has the latest data. Traffic light system has the ability to Inform user
about important event or pending action. Each container has distinct disposition Status which
eliminates mix ups & misunderstandings regarding Arrival dates & times.

• Rail Solutions International

Hellmann offers weekly connections between Asia and Europe by train. It takes less transit time & is
cheaper. At request, they also provide GPS Monitoring for your shipment while they’re in -transit. In
addition, Hellmann allows for container pre-and-on-carriage by rail or truck within Europe, cross-docking of
goods from one container with various destinations and LCL shipments. Hubs serve as distribution centers,
which provide companies from China with adequate storage in the center of Europe.

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• Sea-Air
Hellmann Sea-Air offers the perfect combination of bottom line and deadline. Up to 80 percent faster than
sea freight, yet significantly cheaper than direct air freight, our sea-air solutions are the ideal combination of
economy and speed. Our web-based and individually configurable Hellmann Portal offers all relevant
consignment information online - from pick up to delivery.

5. Bollore Logistics

□ Bolloré Logistics services are backed by:

A panel of approved suppliers (air, ocean and road freight companies) have undergone their strict selection
process to allow them to fulfil their commitment to providing the best service at the best price. Suppliers
are regularly assessed to ensure they continue to meet Bolloré Logistics requirements in terms of quality,
deadlines, innovation and economic performance.

LINK: A Collaborative Platform

A key element of our expertise is the coordination of multiple players within the supply chain. The LINK
website and the mobile collaborative platform have the advantage to facilitate, accelerate, digitize and
secure the information flows between various stakeholders via all communication channels (web, mobile,
direct interfaces).

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6. Damco (Recently merged with Maersk’s line)

1. Multi Country Consolidation

• By consolidating full loads for single or multiple destinations closer to countries of origin, transport,
handling and administrative costs and environmental impacts are reduced
• Value added services such as repacking, labelling and other destination-specific requirements can be
provided at lower labor cost.
• The benefits of trade agreements amongst origin, hub and destination countries can be explored with the
right paper work, permissions and policies
• MCC gives you maximum flexibility to switch between consolidated and full container load (FCL) traffic,
and by using ‘free storage’ periods to postpone shipments to meet changing market conditions.  Highly
secure systems operate throughout hubs and in transit. You have end to end visibility of your shipments
through ‘track & trace’ and configurable ‘milestone’ reporting

How it works:
• Submission of Purchase Orders to suppliers, also copied to Damco
• Your suppliers prepare your goods Suppliers arrange date and time for delivery to or collection by Damco
• Goods are transported from suppliers to Damco’s country of origin facility
• Goods receiving process is reported
• Your goods are shipped to the Consolidation Centre where they are received and stored, and any Value
Added service performed, before consolidation into full loads.
• The consolidation and shipping process is fully reported by EDI links
• Customs and export documentation is completed and filed
• Mode of transport is selected and consignment loaded
• Your container is delivered to your destination, or deconsolidated at our Distribution Centre

2. Digitalization and the future for Custom House Broker

By teaming up with Microsoft, they are now looking at new ways to simplify these processes by
developing a visibility tool that can be accessed via desktop, tablet or mobile phone. Their CHB app will
simplify the customs clearance process.

Load optimization
Their load optimization analyses are easy to use and can work with different load and vehicle/space types
to increase cube yield. Load optimization provides direct benefits in lower shipping and storage costs, but
their systems with their sophisticated reporting and network support also ensure that all partners are
working to, and prepared for, the same load plans, increasing efficiency and minimizing damage.

Package Optimization
Traditionally supply chain optimization has focused solely on container utilization, mode conversion and
optimal routing. However, any efficient supply chain must master the logistics network as well as
packaging optimization. Packaging optimization reduces your total logistics costs by 10% and fulfil your
sustainability objectives. We can provide customers with a suggestion on the type of material (strength,

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thickness) and dimensions for the cartons. By implementing packages that suit your end-to-end needs, you
will not only reduce your logistics costs but also minimize the environmental impact of your supply chain.

SHIPPING LINES

1. Maersk

1. Maersk rolls out digital freight forwarding platform in India

DAMCO, part of A.P. Moller-Maersk and a provider of end-to-end supply

chain management services, has announced the launch of its new digital freight
forwarding service into India. The new online platform, Twill, provides greater
control of shipments by offering instant price quotes and booking, transparency and tracking
services, simplified paperwork and proactive customer care.
“The shipping and logistics industry today is filled with emails, phone calls and document-heavy
processes which can lead to huge delays in getting quotes, a lack of flexibility to change routes
midshipment, and a lack of transparency for customers in pricing, location data, and issue resolution,”
explains Twill’s CEO Troels Stovring. “Twill, like the name suggests, is like a tightly woven fabric
that consolidates different strands of the supply chain together to make shipping simple.”
The indirect costs of Indian trade accrued from unreliable transport services and regulatory delays
are as high as 38-47% of the total logistics cost which can be reduced by 8-10% by digitization in
the industry. This will eventually boost India’s competitiveness and contribute additional revenues
of up to $5.5 billion annually.
As described in an article on maritimeprofessional.com, Twill resonates with the ‘Digital India’
initiative supported by the Indian government. It intends to enable the following aspects of the
logistical process: easy booking, track & trace, centralized paperwork and 24/7 customer care. (Source:
https://www.freshplaza.com/article/2196231/maersk-rolls-out-digital-freight-forwardingplatform-in-
india/)

2. Maersk invests in digital freight forwarder

The world’s top carrier, Maersk, is investing in the German digital freight forwarder FreightHub. They are
looking forward to improving the supply chain management and the customer experience in freights
industry. This is an important step for digital transformation in logistics FreightHub founder and CEO Ferry
Heilemann said: “We will use the fresh capital to further develop our digital service offering and to expand
our presence in Asia.”
The German startup offers freight services through air, sea, and rail, based on digitized processes that include
booking, communication, documents management, data exchange, and supply chain optimization.
FreightHub aims to compete with and replace traditional freight forwarders that rely mostly on manual
processes and outdated systems. The freight business is still antiquated and traditional, but it has shown it’s
ready to enter the new era. So, many startups like this digital freight forwarder are seizing the opportunity
and are working on giving the logistics industry a turn to grow. It is definitely time for traditional players to
step up and join the digital revolution or they will be soon left behind. (Source: https://container-
news.com/maersk-digital-freight-forwarder/)

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3. Maersk launches new offering to book container space in new fully online process

The Denmark-based conglomerate company, Maersk, is set to allow shippers to book guaranteed container
space in a fully online process, according to Supply Chain Dive.
It is anticipated that the service, called Maersk Spot, is available on all trades, with the exception of those
going in and out of the US.
The new offering is hoped to simplify the process for shippers and allow more visibility to be provided
while decreasing the risk of cargo rollovers and overbookings. Through Maersk Spot, it will ensure a
customer’s cargo makes it onto the ship.
(Source: https://www.supplychaindigital.com/scm/maersk-launches-new-offering-book-container-spacenew-
fully-online-process)

4. Maersk confirms launch of Digital customs clearance platform

The introduction of its online customs clearance is the latest move in its attempt to become a one-stop-shop
for shippers. With the pricing for import and export customs declarations shown online, it diminishes the
requirement for Maersk to enable shippers with a quote and “saving three to five minutes per quote,”
according to Vincent Clerc, Chief Commercial Officer of Maersk. He also added “It saves our customers
time, money and headaches reducing the number of intermediaries they deal with from three or four to just
one.”
(Source: https://www.supplychaindigital.com/logistics/maersk-confirms-launch-digital-customs-
clearanceplatform)

2. CMA CGM

eSolutions Website- CMA CGM has made the shipping operations easier for customers by making the
whole process involved in movement of container online.

ePricing
See online and in real-time all your negotiated rates, view ocean freight rates and surcharges for a given period, check details and validity of the offer. Get in
eBooking and Instant Booking Confirmation simplify the booking process in two steps instead of five. This feature is exclusive to CMA CGM.
eBL
The eBill of Lading works exactly like the traditional Bill of Lading: it is a fully digital Bill of Lading.
eTracking

View the position of your shipment on a map, during its maritime journey through the vessel's current position and check the ETA at the Port of Discharge (P
Pay online D&D and freight invoices. ePayment also helps to make the container release process faster (soon available worldwide).
eCharges
Check your D&D fees on all the Group's websites (CMA CGM, ANL, APL and CNC) as well as your "last free dates".

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4.7 MOST COMMONLY USED INCOTERMS IN JEENA & COMPANY:

1. EXW: Ex Works
This term represents the seller's minimum obligation, since he only has to place the goods at the disposal of
the buyer. The buyer must carry out all tasks of export & import clearance. Carriage & insurance is to be
arranged by the buyer.

2. FCA: Free Carrier

This term means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at
the named place. Seller pays for carriage to the named place.

3. FOB: Free On Board

This term means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail at the named port of shipment.
This means the buyer has to bear all costs & risks to the goods from that point. The seller must clear the
goods for export. This term can only be used for ocean transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the
goods across the ship's rail, the FCA term should be used.

4. CFR: Cost and Freight

This term means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. Seller must
pay the costs & freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, BUT the risk of loss or
damage, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery are transferred
from seller to buyer. Seller must clear goods for export. This term can only be used for ocean transport.

5. CIF: Cost, Insurance, Freight

The seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. Seller must pay the cost &
freight necessary to bring goods to named port of destination. Risk of loss & damage same as CFR. Seller
also has to procure marine insurance against buyer's risk of loss/damage during the carriage. Seller must
clear the goods for export. This term can only be used for ocean transport.

6. DDP: Delivered Duty Paid

This term represents maximum obligation to the seller. This term should not be used if the seller is unable to
directly or indirectly to obtain the import license. The terms mean the same as the DDU term with the
exception that the seller also will bear all costs & risks of carrying out customs formalities including the
payment of duties, taxes & customs fees.

7. DAP: Delivered at Place

Seller pays for carriage to the named place, except for costs related to import clearance, and assumes all risks
prior to the point that the goods are ready for unloading by the buyer.

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 CHAPTER-5

EXIM PROCEDURES IN JEENA & COMPANY

They’re divided into 4 procedures i.e.:

1. AIR EXPORTS
2. OCEAN EXPORTS
3. AIR IMPORTS
4. OCEAN IMPORTS

5.1 EXPORT PROCEDURE:

5.1.1 AIR EXPORTS-

Obtain requests from Sales, Customer and Agent Nominations Scrutinise best package and provide to Sales, Custome
Obtain rates from relevant airlines

Arrange cargo Pickup from Customer Location to Airport Sales, Agents confirm on the Job order
Booking space in the airlines

Prepare MAWB, HAWB, Manifest and

Cargo
Cargo
Transfer
Transfer
Manifest
Manifest
to be sent to Airline
Arrange carting and custom cleaance

Send Debit/ Credit Note to Agents Pre Alert to Agents, Customers

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 5.1.2 OCEAN EXPORTS-

tain requests from Sales, Customer and Agent Nominations

Obtain rates from relevant Lines, Co Loaders Scrutinise best package and provide to Sales, Customers

Arrange cargo Pickup from Customer Location to ICD, CWC

Placeand
Booking
file shipping
in the Lines,
bill inCo
customs
Loaders and obtain Container Release
Sales, AgentsOrder
confirm on the Job or

Clearance of Cargo and handover for railing to load port

Prepare MBl, HBL Pre Alert to Agents, Customers

Send Debit/ Credit Note to Agents/customer

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5.2 IMPORT PROCEDURE:

5.2.1 AIR IMPORTS -

Receive an Enquiry from Sales or CustomerSend the enquiry to our agents in relevantCompile
destinations
the rates received and provide best offer to Sales

Confirm with agents to pick cargo and get Sales

flight confirms
schedule from customer and obtains order
Final Pre Alert from agent

Console Manifest Filing and Confirmation Sent relevant details to CHA if In house Clearing or Consignee Broker
Collect DO from airlines

If outsourced clearing prepare invoice and obtain payments befo

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5.2.2 OCEAN IMPORTS –

Send the enquiry to our agents in relevant

Compile
destinations
the rates received and provide best offer to Sale
Receive an Enquiry from Sales or Customer

Confirm with agents to pick cargo and get vessel

Sales
planconfirms from customer an
Approval on MBL and HBLdraft

Console Manifest Filing and Confirmation

Sent relevant details to CHA if In house Clearing or Consi
Get Pre- alert with onboard confirmation

If outsourced clearing prepare invoice and obtain payments before releasing Delivery Order
Collect DO from Lines

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5.3 DOCUMENT SET FOR EXPORTS:

1. Export Invoice:

Invoice is the document of export that shows the actual value of exports. export invoice is required in the pre
alert set, which is sent to importer after the departure of vessel from the port of origin.

Invoice for export includes the details like:

1. Exporter details
2. Importer details
3. Port of origin
4. Port of destination
5. Inco-terms
6. terms of payment

7. Number of packages

8. Description and quantity of goods

9. Rates USD/EURO/GBP

This invoice of export provides the details and value of the goods. on the basis of this invoice value the asses
value in the Bill of Entry, at the port of destination is calculated

2. Shipping Bill:

Shipping bill is the document that is issued by the custom authority of the exporter country. Shipping bill is
issued after the shipping number is generated in the custom authority. With the shipping number the cargo is
identified asses for the future process.

Shipping bill includes the details of Importer and Exporter, Authorization code of the exporter, details of the
IEC code of the exporter, details of the invoice, packing list etc. The shipping bill number is the unique number
given to the cargo consignment.

2.1 Types of shipping bill:

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1. Dutiable Shipping Bill: Yellow Color
2. Duty Free Shipping Bill: White Color
3. Duty Drawback Shipping Bill: Green Color
4. Ex Bond Shipping Bill: Pink Color

2.1.1 Dutiable Shipping Bill:

Duty for Exports is levied on the Shipper for export of items like Coffee, Mica, Raw Cotton, Raw Wool, Tea,
Tobacco, etc. Such items can only be cleared through customs against a Dutiable Shipping Bill, which is the
only form of Shipping Bill that is handled manually by customs. Export Duty should be paid by the shipper.

2.1.2 Duty Free Shipping Bill:

Duty free shipping: duty free shipping bill is white in color. Duty free shipping is required for those goods or
cargo on which duty is not required to be paid.

2.1.3 Duty Drawback Shipping Bill:

Whenever the Shipper wants to claim Drawback as an export benefit, a Drawback Shipping Bill is filed for
shipments. The Shipper must have a valid account with the SBI, Air Cargo Complex, which enables him to
file Drawback Shipping Bill at Customs EDI Systems. If a Shipper initially wish to open an account with the
minimum deposit amount is Rs.10, 000/-. Such Bank Account permits the Authorities to deposit the
Drawback amount due to the Shipper, into the Account.

The Custom EDI Systems at Air Cargo Complex at Mumbai will reject the Application claiming Drawback
Shipping Bill when the Shipper does not maintain an account with SBI. Shipper desirous of clearing
Shipments through Customs should submit the following papers duly filled, signed and stamped with
Company's seal

2.1.4 Ex-Bond Shipping Bill:

Ex-bond shipping bill is the type of shipping bill which is pink in color. Ex-bond shipping bill is issued for
the bounded warehouses. This shipping bill is mostly used for the bounded warehouse for the export goods.

3. Bill of lading:
Bill of lading is the document issued by the shipping line to the exporter or agent of exporter. Bill of lading
is the negotiable and non-negotiable instrument; bill of lading is the document, which assures the ownership

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of the cargo. If the bill of lading is the negotiable instrument the importer has to make payment to exporter
and then original bill of lading is transfer to the importer. In the case of non-negotiable instrument, the original
bill of lading is already with the importer, as the freight amount is already paid to exporter. Bill of lading
includes details like:

1. Details of importer and exporter

2. Name of shipping line

3. Voyage number

4. Number of packages and description of goods

5. Measurement in CBM

6. Seal number.

4.4 DOCUMENT SET FOR IMPORTS:

This documents for imports are send to importer after the departure of the vessel. These sets of documents
are also known as pre alert set. The pre alert set of documents includes:

1. Invoice
2. Packing List
3. Bill of Lading
4. Bill of Entry
5. Shipping Line Receipt
6. Import General Manifest
7. Checklist
8. Debit Note

1. Invoice:
An invoice is a document that shows the actual amount and details of the cargo. The import invoice includes
the following details:

1. Invoice number

2. IGM number
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3. MBL &HBL number

4. Weight and number of packages

5. Delivery order charges

6. Consoling charges

7. Endorsement charges

8. De consolidation charges
9. Currency adjustment factor
10. Service tax

2. Packing List:
Packing list is the document in the pre alert set which is send to importer by exporter. This packing list
provides the details of the cargo, to the importer

3. Bills of Lading:
Bill of lading is the document issued by the shipping line to the exporter or agent of exporter. Bill of lading
is the negotiable and non-negotiable instrument; bill of lading is the document which assures the ownership
of the cargo. If the bill of lading is the negotiable instrument the importer has to make payment to exporter
and then original bill of lading is transfer to the importer. In the case of non-negotiable instrument, the original
bill of lading is already with the importer, as the freight amount is already paid to exporter.

There are two types of bill of lading: Master bill of lading & House bill of lading
1. Master bill of lading- is issued by the shipping line

2. House bill of lading- is issued by the agent

4. Bill of Entry:
It includes the details of the CHA, details of the importer and exporter, IGM number, bill of lading number,
invoice value, asses value, and exchange rate. Bill of Entry also includes the HS code description of goods,
and sign and stamp of the custom authority

5. E-receipt of the custom duty payment receipt:

After the Bill of Entry is ready, the importer has to pay the import duty and custom clearance charges.

The E-Receipt includes

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• Custom house code

• ICEGATE reference number

• IE name

• Bank name and branch code

• Transaction id

6. Shipping line receipt:

Shipping line receipt is the document issued by the shipping line It include the invoice date and invoice
number. Bill of lading number, vessel and container number (THC) tariff house custom charges, bill of
lading charges, ENS charges.

7. Checklist:

Checklist is the document that includes all the details related to the cargo which has to arrive on the port of
destination. The checklist the document which is required by the custom authority for the import general
manifest and ready for Bill of Entry checklist is first approved by the consignee and then CHA in custom
authority proceeds for the Bill of Entry checklist includes the same details as shipping bill.

8. Debit note:

Debit note is the document that includes all the expanse of the pick-up inland transportation, booking of the
vessel from co loader and shipping line, custom clearance of export goods on port of origin.

All this above expense is incurred by the nominated agent, and later on the appointed freight forwarder of the
importer will pay to agent for the work in remittance process.

CHAPTER-6

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SWOT Analysis of JEENA & COMPANY

• WCA Member • New in Freight

• Strong Support of Industry
Bothra Group • No Overseas Office
• Experianced & Dependent on
Management Agents
Team Absence of
•
adequate B2B
Marketing
Weaknes •Lack of automation
Strength
s

Opportun
• Sea+Air Services Threats uge Competition
•Online Container -ities •
rice
H Change due
Disposition •xchange Rate
• Reverse Logistics luctuations
P
ompetitors with
•Automated dvanced
E technology
Quotation & advertisement
•Multi-Country full • Digital freight
load forwarders like
consolidation Flexport, Freightos,
Freighthub etc.

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 CHAPTER-7

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. International Freight Forwarding

2. Freight Forwarding

3. Custom Clearance

4. Transportation

7.1 INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT FORWARDING

Freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination. Also referred to as
international freight forwarders, they have the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the
documentation and perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some of the typical
information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of
lading and other documents required by the carrier or country of export, import, or transshipment. Much of
this information is now processed in a paperless environment.

7.2 CUSTOM CLEARANCE

It is a procedural activity which is performed by government personnel. The shipment has to clear all the
norms of custom clearance. Custom clearance differs from country to country. Tariff classifications, value
declaration, and duty management can increase costs. Customs and security initiatives have imposed new
regulations on companies that make it more challenging than ever to trade internationally.

7.3 TRANSPORTATION

It is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Transport is performed by various
modes, such as air, railroad, water, cable, pipeline and space. Infrastructure consists of the fixed installations
necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals
such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses and seaports.

7.4 SCOPE OF THE EXPORTS

• Export from the country increases and maintain the balance of payment

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• Export makes the good commercial relation with the world wide
• Export makes the boost in Indian economy by supplying the agriculture products to different countries.
7.5 SCOPE OF IMPORTS

• Bring the raw material of good quality from the developed countries.
• Bring the finished products at lower cost.
• Maintain the smooth trade flow of goods and currency.

Chapter-8

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

SOURCES OF DATA:

1. Primary data: Observation in the working process. And analyzed the sector
2. Secondary data: Exim magazine, interaction with people of freight forwarding industry, various articles,
white papers, research papers, previous projects & internet.

8.1 PRIMARY DATA:

The most and major of the data of the project is based on the observation that was done during the Summer
Internship Programme (SIP) in the Prologis Freight India Pvt. Ltd (JEENA & COMPANY). The primary data
is being collected on the basis of the observation on the working process of the freight forwarding industry,
interaction among the members of the company.

8.2 SECONDARY DATA:

The secondary data is mostly collected from the export import weekly magazine, from this export- import
magazine, the knowledge regarding the different ports of the country and different vessels and containers for
the different countries.

With the interaction, with the people of freight forwarding industry, the knowledge regarding the work of co
– loader, custom housing agent got with the clear vision. To get the clear vision for the ideas, Articles,
research papers related to the Industry, previous projects from the college library and the internet was also
being used as sources to get the secondary data.

8.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

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• The study is done only on Freight forwarders.

• Financial aspects of Freight forwarders are not considered

• Lack of time available for the research.

While working in the Prologis Freight India Pvt. Ltd. (JEENA & COMPANY), followings are the
limitations, through which I came across:

1. As the organization is on the introduction phase so strategies are lacking.

2. The concentration was less on the clients for follow up of the payment.

3. The vendors sometime create the situation that troubles the company.

4. The Company is following the traditional ways of Freight Forwarding based on manual
Documentation, making phone calls & emails for getting quotations, not using EDI systems to give
updates

8.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• To get the exposure of the Freight forwarding services.

• To know opportunities and challenges for freight forwarders.

• To understand the process of import and export.

• To get the exposure of the international business.

• To understand and study the documentation required in the process of import and export.

• To understand and study prospects of freight forwarding industry.

Chapter-9

SCOPE AND OBSERVATIONS OF THE STUDY

9.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

• Understanding the typical work activities, roles, responsibilities and functions of freight forwarders.

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• To define the various challenges faced in a freight forwarding organization by close observation,
examination and analysis of the workings in JEENA & COMPANY.

• Identification of various external and internal growth opportunities available at present and in foreseeable
future in the industry.

• Digitalization; moving trends and technology in the industry acting as both pros and cons for freight
forwarding organizations.

• Digital tools that can be incorporated in JEENA & COMPANY for better management and customer
service.

• To develop a Standard operating procedure for Exports and Imports in JEENA & COMPANY after
comparison of present practices to industry leaders' standards for suggesting betterment in the existing
process.

• Data will be primary in nature as well as carefully selected secondary data for accomplishment of above
stated objectives.

9.2 OBSERVATIONS OF THE STUDY

• In this period of time I came to know that international market is not that hard to make career in that,
likewise getting your routs isn’t that easy.

• With proper sufficient knowledge anyone can dive in this field but only those who will survive and thrive
who are flexible in any condition.

• While working in the Prologis Freight India Pvt. Ltd (JEENA & COMPANY) the following observation
was done and noted:

1. The details mentioned in the Documentation.

2. Various works like container planning, providing quotation.

3. Activities like customer service, customer marketing and working on the pre alert set.

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4. Tracking of the containers in the container freight station through the internet site, ICE GATE.

5. Different container of shipping line for different countries.

Chapter-10

LEARNING FROM THE PROJECT

From this Summer Internship Project (SIP) I got the good cooperation from the Mr. VIVEK SHARMA Sir
and Mr. TARUN NEHRA Sir, Honorable Directors of the Prologis Freight India Pvt. Ltd (JEENA &
COMPANY). While working in the organization I came to learn the following things from all the employees
working in the Operations and Sales team with its details and importance:

1. Scope

2. Documentation for Export/ Import

3. Export/ Import Procedure

4. Custom Clearance of Goods

5. Customer Acquisition

6. Finance & IT

7. Container Planning

• While working in the Prologis Freight India Pvt. Ltd, I got to know the work of the freight forwarding
services.

• I have learned how to provide services to the customers and what are the problems arises and how to
handle this problems and issues
• Working in the freight forwarding sector is of good scope as number of opportunities is waiting in future.
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• The work of the freight forwarding teaches us how the international market works as per the currency
rates.
• The freight forwarding industry mainly works in air and sea import and exports.
• The freight forwarding industry work with the coordination of shipper, consignee, shipping line, airline,
NVOCC and customs.
• The freight forwarding industry takes the rates from the air line and shipping line.
• The freight forwarding industry makes the payment in the form of remittance to their overseas agents
• The freight forwarder has to coordinate with NVOCC for the work of Container Freight Station.f  The
Freight Forwarders also coordinates with Custom Housing Agents for the process of Custom Clearance.
• The working in the Freight Forwarding industry is of helpful to the development of country as there is
inflow and outflow of trade and currency which boost the economy of country.

CHAPTER-11

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

• Traditional forwarders that wish to survive have no choice but to digitize. By our estimate, automating
manual processes now could reduce certain back-office and operations costs by up to 40%, while
digitizing significant parts of the sales process could reduce related direct costs even more.
• It has become essential for international freight forwarders to bring new digital solutions online. For ex-
Digital freight forwarding platforms like Flexport, Freighthub & many more, offering integrated shipping
services (including online quotes and booking, door-to-door shipping, customs clearance, freight tracking,
and payment solutions). Transportation management systems that connect shippers with forwarders or
carriers.

• By providing instant quotes and the convenience of an online platform for bookings, forwarders make
their services more accessible to the fast-growing community of internationalizing SMEs. Secondly, when
customers use an online platform, they input their data directly, eliminating labor costs involved in
traditional quotation and booking requests.

• If customers receive access to digital platforms via forwarder, they will not only gain real-time insight
into shipment progress but will also be able to monitor the condition of their goods— especially valuable
or perishables or items sensitive to environmental fluctuations.

• Customer-Centricity by providing digital solution to customer such as fulfilling customer quotation

request in minutes, making quotes more transparent by showing them full breakdown of fees and
surcharges and Providing customers with a fully integrated suite of functions, from quotation to lastmile
delivery as Online freight marketplaces enables shippers to compare freight quotes from different
forwarders.
• A digital freight platform provides access to competitive rates for FCL and LCL shipments, allowing a
shorter turnaround time for accurate pricing. System checks allow detection and avoidance of duplicate
quotations while the access to competitive rates provides greater cost savings and better integration with
the clients. The global reach of a digital freight platform allows a customer base to be significantly
widened while improving product offering and minimizing infrastructure costs. Quite simply, a digital
platform enables freight intermediaries to access more orders at a lower cost of customer acquisition. In

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 fact, digital platforms can totally eliminate the cost of new customer acquisition. That means more
business realized for less money spent on sales or marketing. By combining core service offerings with
the visibility and speed of a digital freight platform, a freight intermediary can make strategic and tactical
decisions required to succeed at their core competencies. This frees up valuable time and resources to
pursue new opportunities, grow business and perhaps even get back to building relationships through
personalized service.
• Optimization of Customer Value – Freight forwarders add tremendous value is in managing the balance
between price and value. The lowest priced option is rarely the best service option for a shipper or
receiver of goods. There is a difference between price and value. Effective, efficient and better
management of this tradeoff is a must for customer retention.
• Clearly, the freight-forwarding industry is about to experience enormous change as new technologies take
hold. Incumbents will need to transform significantly to use digital technologies to their advantage.
Companies that are innovative and flexible enough to catch this wave will reap the rewards of profitable
growth.
• Strong relations with NOVCC and CHA must be developed and improved which will make our
operations more flexible & we will be able to give them.

• Study the trade routes to get best price from Shipping Lines.
• Sea+Air Services for savings over straight airfreight shipments, all while maintaining reasonable transit
times & performance. Combining Sea+Air shipping service can also minimize destination warehouse
charges.

• Online Container Disposition- Earlier a list of incoming containers had to be created manually & mailed
to the customers but now this program filters all the containers of a customer’s shipment & displays them.
As soon as a container is arriving, it is instantly provided for the customer with all relevant data. Thus, the
customer always has the latest data. Traffic light system has the ability to inform user about important
event or pending action. Each container has distinct disposition status which eliminates mix ups &
misunderstandings regarding Arrival dates & times clearly & sortable.
• Reverse Logistics- Returning the product to the manufacturer or distributor or forwarding it on for
servicing, refurbishment or recycling. The aftermarket processes that a product can undergo in reverse
logistics are numerous and include: Remanufacturing, Refurbishment, Returns management, Recycling
and waste management, Warranty management, Warehouse management.
• Multi-Country full load consolidation- Consolidating full loads for single or multiple destinations closer
to countries of origin, transport, handling and administrative costs and environmental impacts are reduced.

• Strategic tie-ups with shipping lines

• GPS Tracking system in trucks so that we can get find the exact location of the truckers.

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 CHAPTER-12

BIBLOGRAPHY

WEBSITES

http://prologisfreight.com/

http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=186255
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160503005863/en/Government-Initiatives-
Infrastructure-Development-Boost-Logistics-Market sector/articleshow/67439204.cms?from=mdr

https://www.india-briefing.com/news/supply-chain-india-scope-investors-16384.html/

https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/3-key-areas-that-will-drive-growth-in-indias-
logisticssector-in-2019/1441500/

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/how-new-
govtdivision-plans-to-reduce-indias-logistics-cost-to-less-than-10-
ofgdp/articleshow/62395133.cms?from=mdr
http://www.makeinindia.com/article/-/v/logistics-sect-1

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharatmala-2-0-to-focus-on-expressways-add-4000-
kmgreenfield-roads/articleshow/67617128.cms

https://howtoexportimport.com/Explain-shipping-term-WCA-World-Cargo-Alliance--20612.aspx
https://www.freshplaza.com/article/2196231/maersk-rolls-out-digital-freight-forwarding-platform-
inindia/ https://container-news.com/maersk-digital-freight-forwarder/
https://www.communitycb.com/2018/05/21/incoterms-and-you/
https://www.shippo.co.uk/faqs/what-container-s-right-for-me/
https://www.damco.com/en/our-offerings/freight-forwarding-solutions/multi-country-consolidation
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/panel-asks-government-to-ease-
normsfor-cargo-movement-improve-logistics-sector/articleshow/67439204.cms https://home.kuehne-
nagel.com/?no_mobile=1
https://www.logistics.dhl/in-en/home/our-divisions/global-forwarding.html
https://www.expeditors.com/
https://www.bollore-logistics.com/en/pages/home.aspx https://www.hellmann.net/en/united-states/
https://www.dbschenker.com/global/products/lead-logistics
https://www.wett.ru/en/helpful_information/dimensions_of_containers/ https://www.bcg.com/en-
in/publications/2018/digital-imperative-freight-forwarding.aspx

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