19CSE303-Embedded
Systems
2022 Offline CSE Batch
Evaluation Policy **L-T-P-C: 3-0-3-4
Assessment- 65:35 Internal -65 External -35
Mid Term Exam 20
Continuous Assessment 15
Theory (CAT)
Continuous Assessment 30
Lab (CAL)
End Semester Exam 35
➢Continuous Evaluation Theory -15%
➢3 Assignment + Class Note Submission– 7%
➢2 Class Test - 8% (written exam)
➢Continuous Evaluation Lab -30%
➢Group Project – 10%
➢Lab sheets –5% (based on submission)
➢2 Internal Exam + Viva - 15% (P1-5%+P2-10%)
End Semester Exam-35%
Text Book(s)
1. Furber SB. ARM system-on-chip architecture. pearson Education; 2000.
2. Martin T. The Insider’s guide to the Philips ARM7-based microcontrollers.
Coventry, Hitex, UK, Ltd. 2005.
Reference(s)
1. Valvano JW. Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers.
2. Jonathan W. Valvano; 2016. Valvano JW. Embedded microcomputer systems: real
time interfacing. Cengage Learning; 2012
3. https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:UTAustinX+UT.6.10x+1T2017/course/
4. https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:UTAustinX+UT.6.20x+2T2018/course/
Definition
➢ System: Anything which accepts input, processes it and
presents the output in the required format can be a system.
What is an Embedded System?
➢ “An embedded system can be defined as those control systems which
are designed either by microprocessor or microcontroller for a specific
tasks. ” OR
➢ “An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware &
software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically
designed for a particular kind of application device. ” OR
➢ “An embedded system is the one that has computer hardware with
software embedded in it as one of its most important components.”
Embedded System Daily Applications
Digital clock
Moving message display
7 segment display Traffic Light
A Diagrammatic representation of Embedded
Systems Architecture – Presented here!
A Diagrammatic representation of Embedded
Systems Architecture – Presented here!
Essential Components of Embedded Systems
➢ The ES has three major components and they are classified as
follows:
➢ Hardware
➢ Software
➢ RTOS (Real Time OS)
➢ Hardware:
➢ Microprocessor / Microcontroller
➢ Sensors
➢ Converters (A/D and D/A)
➢ Actuators
➢ Memory (On-chip and Off chip)
➢ Communication path with the interacting environment
➢ Software:
➢ Application software that can perform a series of task.
➢ RTOS:
➢ Defines the way the system works
➢ Supervises the application software
➢ Provides a mechanism to let the processor to run a
process as per scheduling (Process scheduling)
➢ Perform Context switching between the processes
Block Diagram
Important Units of microprocessor/controller
➢ CPU: Central Processing Unit
➢ I/O: Input /Output
➢ Bus: Address bus & Data bus
➢ Memory: RAM & ROM
➢ Timer
➢ Interrupt
Microprocessor
➢ General-purpose microprocessor
➢ CPU for Computers
➢ No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
➢ Example--Intel’s x86: 8086,8088,80386,80486, Pentium
Data Bus Many chips on mother board
CPU
General-
Purpose Serial
RAM ROM I/O Port Timer COM
Micro-
processor Port
Address Bus
General-Purpose Microprocessor System
Microcontroller
➢ A smaller computer.
➢ On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...
➢ Example:- Motorola’s 6811, Intel’s 8051 and PIC 16X
CPU RAM ROM
A single chip
Serial
I/O PortTimer COM
Port
Microcontroller
Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
➢ CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ➢ CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and
ROM, I/O, timer are timer are all on a single chip
separate ➢ Fixed amount of on-chip
➢ Designer can decide on ROM, RAM, I/O ports
the amount of ROM, RAM ➢ For applications in which
and I/O ports. cost, power and space are
➢ Expensive critical
➢ General-purpose ➢ Single-purpose
➢ Examples:- ➢ Examples:-
➢ 8085,8086 microprocessors ➢ 8051,
➢ Motorola6800, ➢ PIC mc,
➢ Intel’s 8086, etc. ➢ Motorola
➢ MC’s, Phillips, etc.
Main Architecture
➢ Embedded processors are constructed into 2 main
architecture
➢ Von Neumann
➢ Harvard
Von Neumann Architecture
➢Fetches instructions and data
from same memory
➢Limits operating bandwidth
Harvard Architecture
➢Two separate memory spaces
for instruction and data
➢Increases throughput
➢Different program and data
bus widths are possible
Thank You
