Introduction
Evaluation Policy
Evaluation Type Percentage Description
Quiz - 1 15 % As per the institute norms
Quiz - 2 15 % As per the institute norms
End Semester
50 % As per the institute norms
Examination
Class Assignment 20 % As per the institute norms
TEXTBOOK:
1. William D. Callister Jr., David G. Rethwisch, “Materials Science and Engineering:
An Introduction”, 10th Edition, Wiley, 2018.
2. Michael Ashby, Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon, “Materials – Engineering, Science,
Processing and Design”, 4th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2018.
8/30/2023 2
Topics to be covered
Classification and evolution of engineering materials, crystal structure, defects,
crystallographic planes, directions, slip, deformation mechanical behaviour,
strengthening mechanisms, microstructure and properties of metal alloys (12)
Properties and processing of polymers, ceramics and composite materials,
microstructure-property relationships (9)
Electrical, electronic and magnetic properties of materials, microstructure-property
relationships (6)
8/30/2023 3
Topics to be covered
Introduction to Nano, Bio, Smart and Functional materials. (3)
Introduction to selection of materials, Product based case studies on
microstructure-property-performance of materials in the design of automobile;
aircraft structures; e-vehicles; energy storage; electronic, optical and magnetic
devices; and biomedical devices. (12)
8/30/2023 4
What do you expect?
• A subject that is confluence of fundamental and applied sciences.
• Engineering: (v) skillfully arranging/making something to occur
• Focus is on materials in solid state.
• Historic periods are named after materials – Stone Age; Bronze Age; Iron Age
• Today’s advanced technologies and applications are largely attributed to
Progress in Materials Science.
• Materials of specific function (electrical, magnetic, optical) and multi–function
(involving two or more physical phenomena) are of equal interest today.
8/30/2023 5
What do you expect?
• Structure → Property → Processing relationships
• Structure refers to microscopic arrangement of atoms or molecules or ions.
Should NOT be confused with electronic configuration etc.
• Electronic configuration, and hence, chemical bonding also matters. But
will not be covered at length. We will only invoke the relevant principles.
• Classification of materials from applications perspective:
➢ Metals
➢ Ceramics
➢ Polymers
➢ Composites
8/30/2023 6
What is Materials ? How is it related to Engineers?
• Casting • Extrusion
• Forging Processing • Calcinating
• Stamping • Sintering
Texturing, Temperature,
• Layer-by-layer growth
Time, Transformations
(nanotechnology)
Materials Properties
Characterization
Crystal structure for Physical behavior
Response to environment
Defects
Microstructure Engineers
• Mechanical (e.g., stress-strain)
• Thermal
• Microscopy: Optical, transmission • Electrical
electron, scanning tunneling • Magnetic, Optical
• X-ray, neutron, e- diffraction • Corrosive
• Spectroscopy • Deteriorative characteristics
8/30/2023 7
Science & Engineering of Materials in Nutshell
Performance Materials Engineering
Designing the structure to achieve
specific properties and
performance of materials.
Structure Processing
•Structure
Properties • Properties
Materials Science • Processing
Investigating the relationship between •Performance
structure and properties of materials.
8/30/2023 8
Goals
• Understand the origin and relationship between
“structure, properties, processing, and performance.”
• Use “the right material for the right job”.
• Help recognize within your discipline the design
opportunities offered by “materials selection.”
While nano-, bio-, smart- materials can make technological
revolution, conservation and re-use methods and policies can
have tremendous environmental and technological impacts.
8/30/2023 9
Classification of Materials
8/30/2023 10
Classification of Materials
8/30/2023 11
Classification of Materials
8/30/2023 12
Classification of Materials
8/30/2023 13
Classification of Materials
8/30/2023 14
Properties of Materials
• An alternative to major classes, you may divide materials into
classification according to properties.
• One goal of materials engineer is to select materials with suitable
properties for a given application →a sensible approach.
• Just as for classes of materials, there is some overlap among the
properties, so the divisions are not always clearly defined
Mechanical properties
A. Elasticity and stiffness (recoverable stress vs. strain)
B. Plasticity (non-recoverable stress vs. strain)
C. Strength
D. Brittleness or Toughness
E. Fatigue
8/30/2023 15
Properties of Materials
Electrical properties
A. Electrical conductivity and resistivity
Dielectric properties
A. Polarizability
B. Capacitance
C. Ferroelectric properties
D. Piezoelectric properties
E. Pyroelectric properties
Magnetic properties
A. Paramagnetic properties
B. Diamagnetic properties
C. Ferromagnetic properties
8/30/2023 16
Properties of Materials
Optical properties
A. Refractive index
B. Absorption, reflection, and transmission
C. Birefringence (double refraction)
Corrosion properties
Deteriorative properties
Biological properties
A. Toxicity
B. bio-compatibility
8/30/2023 17
Ashby Plots
Why Log(P) vs Log(P)?
What materials are toughest
against fracture?
Does density of materials play
a role?
Does this conform to your
experience?
Where are we going to use this information?
We will use these for design!
8/30/2023 18
Ashby Plots
Where are we going to use this information?
We will use these for design!
8/30/2023 19
