LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies

Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

The Lines of the Frontier: A Deep Dive into the Language of

Headlines in a State University Publication

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject

STRUCTURES OF PRESENT DAY ENGLISH

Under the

Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies

Lyceum Northwestern University

Dagupan City

PRESENTED TO:

DR. MELCHOR CAYABYAB

Professor

PRESENTED BY:

MYLENE T. OLARTE

MEd - English
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

The Lines of the Frontier: A Deep Dive into the Language of Headlines in a
State University Publication

ABSTRACT

In the realm of secondary school publications, headlines serve as a critical element

in communicating information, engaging readers, and shaping the overall character
of the publication. In this study, the headlines from four past editions of a secondary
school newspaper will be analyzed. This study investigates the grammar used in
secondary school newspaper headlines, aiming to understand how young writers
express themselves in writing. The study specifically looks at sentence structures,
word choices, and stylistic elements in headlines, offering valuable insights for
English language educators. By grasping the grammatical nuances in these concise
yet influential phrases, educators can enhance their teaching methods to help
students develop strong communication skills and excel in journalistic writing.

Keywords: headlines, school newspaper, journalistic writing

INTRODUCTION

A newspaper headline is often the only thing that readers read in a newspaper, or at
least, it is the first thing that everyone notices in a newspaper. It serves as a guide
for the reader that helps decide whether to continue on reading the whole report or to
skip onto another one.

Headlines are essential for drawing in readers and summarizing the content of a
publication. In the context of secondary school publications, where students are
honing their writing and communication skills, grasping the effective use of headlines
is crucial. This study looks into the grammatical aspects of headlines in secondary
school publications, focusing on how they function and impact reader engagement
and understanding.

While previous research has explored the influence of headlines on reader attention
and information processing, particularly in professional publications (e.g., Bell, 2004;
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

De Boer, 2011), there is limited research specifically addressing the grammatical

features of headlines in materials created by students. This study aims to fill this gap
by examining the grammatical choices made by student writers and assessing their
effectiveness in conveying information and capturing readers' interest.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study aims to describe and analyze the news headlines of the past four issues
of the school publication in a college/university, Pangasinan State University in
Alaminos City, Pangasinan.

The study specifically found answers to the following:

1. What types of grammatical structures are used in the headline writings?

2. What patterns do the headlines observe?

3. In what semantic categories do the headwords of the headlines belong?

4. Why are the headlines framed the way they appear in the previous issues of the
newspaper?

5. What are the implications of the results of the study to future journalism training
and campus paper publication?

METHODOLOGY

The researcher obtained permission from the school paper advisers and the head of
the English department at PSU - ACC, a public university, to analyze the headlines
from the four previous editions of the school publication, The University Frontier.

Subsequently, the researcher chose headlines from both news and sports pages to
analyze the structures, patterns, and semantic categories employed. The semantic
categorization of headline headwords was achieved using the UCREL Semantic
Analysis System (USAS) Code Tagger, a framework designed for the automated
semantic analysis of text.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

To understand the reasons behind the patterns, categorization, and organization of

the headlines, the results underwent scrutiny via interviews with school paper
advisers. Thematic content analysis was employed to examine the qualitative data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Question 1: What types of grammatical structures are used in the headline

writing?

Table 1: Types of Grammatical Structures of the Headlines

Grammatical 2015 2016 2022 2023

Structure
F % F % F % F %

Clausal 24 92.31 9 81.82 13 86.67 18 85.71

Phrasal 2 7.69 2 18.18 2 33.33 3 14.29

Total 26 100 11 100 15 100 21 100

The grammatical structures of the headlines across various school paper editions
are presented in Table 1. Findings reveal that the majority of newspaper headlines in
all editions exhibit the structure of clausal sentences. It also suggests that writers
prefer crafting headlines to resemble complete sentences.

Examples of these clausal headlines are:

(2015) PSU – ACC dominates in Taekwondo during the University Meet

(2016) BSEd students gain awards in the Regional Student-Teacher Congress

(2022) PSU – ACC conducts series of Disaster Preparedness Drill

(2023) PSU – ACC pays tribute to outgoing president Dr. Dexter R. Buted
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Question 2: What patterns do the headlines observe?

Table 2: Patterns of Headlines

2.1 Frequency and Percentage of the Grammatical Structures Used in the

Clausal Headlines Grouped per Issue

Sentence Number of Headlines Per Issue

Total %
Patterns
2015 % 2016 % 2022 % 2023 %
Subject- 19 23.08 5 27.27 11 46.6 16 76.19 51 80.95
Verb Phrase 7
- Direct
Object
Subject- 2 7.69 2 18.18 13.3 1 4.76 5 7.94
Verb Phrase 3
- Direct
Object-
(Subject
Predicative)
Subject- 3 11.54 2 4.76 5 7.94
Verb Phrase
- Obligatory
Adverbial
Subject - 1 6.67 1 2 3.17
Linking
Verb-
Complemen
t
Total 24 9 12 18 63 100
Number of
Clausal
Headlines

In Table 1.2.1, it is evident that among the 63 clausal headlines extracted from the
four issues of The University Frontier and subjected to analysis, the most prevalent
clausal pattern was Subject-Verb Phrase-Direct Object.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Examples of these clausal headlines following the Subject-Verb Phrase-Direct

Object pattern were:

(2015) PSU goes online

Subject Verb Phrase Direct Object

(2016) PSU hosts First Table Tennis Tournament

Subject Verb Phrase Direct Object

(2022) PSU opens limited face – to – face classes

Subject Verb Phrase Direct Object

(2023) CTE deploys 69 field study students

Subject Verb Phrase Direct Object

2.2 Frequency, Percentage, and Rank of the Phrasal Patterns of the Headlines
Grouped Per Issue

Sentence Number of Headlines Per Issue Total %

Patterns
2015 % 2016 % 2022 % 2023 %
Premodifier- 1 1 1 3 30
Headword
Headword – 1 2 9.10 1 1 5 50
Postmodifier
Premodifier- 9.10 1 20 1 14.29 2 20
Headword-
Postmodifier
Total 2 2 3 3 10 100
Number of
Phrasal
Headlines
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 1.2.2 indicates that, out of the 10 phrasal headlines examined across the four
issues of The University Frontier, the most frequent phrasal pattern observed was
Headword-Postmodifier.

Examples of these clausal headlines following the Premodifier-Headword-

Postmodifier pattern were:

(2015) Project: Crab Hatchery

Headword Postmodifier

(2016) PPCRV : “One Good Vote”

Headword Postmodifier

(2022) ACCDA: ACCian’s Diverse Arts

Headword Postmodifier

(2023) MIF: Burden in Disguise

Headword Postmodifier

Question 3: What semantic categories do the headwords of the headlines

belong to?

Table 3: Semantic categories of the headwords of the headlines

3.1 Frequency of Semantic Categories of the Headwords of the Headlines

Grouped Per Issue

Code From Semantic Categories 2015 2016 2022 2023 Total

USAS
English Web
Tagger
P1 Education in general 3 4 2 9
A1.1.1 General actions, making etc. 1 4 4 9
A2.1 Affect: Modify, change 1 1
C1 Arts and crafts 1 1 2
E4.1+ Happy/sad: Happy 0
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

G3 Warfare, defense and the army; 0

Weapons
H1 Architecture, kinds of houses & 1 1 2
buildings
I3.2 Work and employment: 2 5 7
Professionalism
K1 Entertainment generally 2 2
K5.1 Sports 3 3
K5.2 Games 0
M3 Movement/transportation: land 1 1
Q1.2 Paper documents and writing 0
Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc 3 2 2 7
S1.1.1 General 0
S2.1 People: Female 2 2
S5 Groups and affiliation 2 1 3
S7.1 Power, organizing 1 2 3
S9 Religion and the supernatural -
Z1 Personal names 1 1 2
Z2 Geographical names 0
Z3 Other proper names 1 1 2
Z4 Discourse Bin 0
Z99 Unmatched; Other proper 8 2 3 5 18
names
TOTAL 26 11 15 21 73

The semantic categories corresponding to the headwords can be found in Table 3.1.
A significant portion of the headwords in the examined headlines pertains to various
proper names, including those of schools, organizations, clubs, offices, agencies,
student groups, specific individuals, and events.

The findings indicate a frequent use of nouns as the headwords in clauses or

phrases, possibly due to their heightened prominence in the introductory sections of
news stories.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Question 3: Why are the headlines framed the way they appear in the previous
issues of the newspaper?

The study shows that clausal headlines are more common than phrasal ones in all
five issues of the publication. In clausal headlines, the Subject-Verb Phrase-Direct
Object pattern is frequently used, whereas phrasal headlines typically follow the
Headword-Post Modifier pattern.

After reviewing the results, school paper advisers were asked why headlines are
written the way they are in newspapers. They provided the following reasons:

1. Capture Attention and Interest: Headlines are the first thing readers see,
so they need to be impactful and attention-grabbing. Active voice verbs,
aligned with the S-TV-DO pattern, are preferred over passive voice.
Present tense further increases reader engagement and immediacy.
These practices, consistently emphasized in trainings, likely stemmed from
rules established during school press conferences. They not only guide
the paper's regular releases but also serve as a cornerstone for contest
entries.
2. Convey Key Information Clearly: Headlines need to be concise and
informative, summarizing the main point of the article in just a few words.
This helps readers quickly understand the content and decide whether
they want to read further.
3. Conform to Journalistic Standards: Journalistic headlines typically follow
specific conventions, such as using active voice, avoiding jargon, and
emphasizing objectivity. These conventions help to ensure that headlines
are accurate, unbiased, and easy for readers to understand.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The results suggest a higher usage of clausal headlines compared to phrasal ones.
The analysis revealed that the Subject-Verb Phrase-Direct Object pattern is more
commonly employed in clausal headlines, while the Headword-Post Modifier pattern
is prevalent in phrasal headlines. School paper advisers explained that these
choices aim to enhance the effective presentation of information, ensuring clarity and
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

brevity. Consequently, it is recommended to conduct ongoing training for student

writers to keep them informed about diverse writing styles. Additionally, advisers are
encouraged to stay updated on developments in campus journalism.

REFERENCES

Prateepchaikul, Nita (2010). Headline Writing Techniques in General News Articles.

A Master’s Project. Thailand. Shrinakharinwirot University

Aviles, Sarah Jane V. (2023). An Analysis of the Grammatical Features of the

Headlines in Secondary School Publication Dagupan City. Lyceum Northwestern
University

https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2012/04/22/799272/law-campus-journalism

https://engdeptpggc46.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/writing-headlines.pptx

https://dailyrealityng.com/2022/03/21/why-campus-journalism-is-a-necessity
LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

APPENDIX A

MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

TALLY SHEETS AND CLASSIFICATION OF HEADLINES’ STRUCTURES,

PATTERNS AND SEMANTIC CATEGORIES PER ISSUE

Grammatical Structures of Headlines per Issue

Table 1. Grammatical Structures of Headlines from The University Frontier, the

Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on July – December 2015

The University Frontier

The Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC
July – December 2015

No. Clausal Headlines Phrasal Headlines

1 PSU bares new athletes Government Quality Program
2 PSU – ACC dominates in Taekwondo Project: Crab Hatchery
during the University Meet
3 PSU goes online
4 Award-giving bodies credit Buted’s
contribution to education
5 PSU is now ISO 9001:2015 certified
6 Academic Exchange highlights PSU,
Chiba U MOA signing
7 CPAG conquers Int’l Stage
8 PSU levels up academic excellence 12
Programs pass accreditation
9 ACCET recognizes PSU researches
10 Dulos co-chairs Int’l research forum,
presents Erasmus
11 Phil – HECS strengthens competencies
of SUC leaders, aspirants
12 PSU joins PHL Most Popular HEIs
13 Buted: Our country needs you now
14 PSU honor teachers dedication to
service
15 Automated poll upsurges voter turnout
16 PSU produces 2016 circle of
Topnotchers
17 Employees receive CAN incentive
18 New dorm inaugurated
19 Bayambang Campus attends PAPSET
Int’l Seminar-Workshop
20 PMA interacts with PSUnians
21 SCC sends Agri students to Israel for
OJT
22 PASUC highlights SUC
Internationalization
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

23 SCUAA spectators wow PSU’s hosting

24 Active PSU involvement seen on
DRRM Orientation
Total 24 2

Table 1 presents the distribution of headlines based on clausal and phrasal

grammatical structures in The University Frontier's July-November 2015 issue. Out
of the 26 headlines, 24 (92.31%) follow a clausal structure, while 2 (7.69%) employ a
phrasal structure. The ratio between the two headline structures is 24:2, which can
be reduced to 12:1.

Table 2. Grammatical Structures of Headlines from The University Frontier, the

Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on January – March 2016

The University Frontier

The Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC
January – March 2016

No. Clausal Headlines Phrasal Headlines

1 BSEd students gain awards in the Della: 2016 PASSAGE Most
Regional Student-Teacher Congress Outstanding Extensionist
2 PSU hosts First Table Tennis PPCRV :“One Good Vote”
Tournament
3 PSU Alumnus joins roster of Electrical
Engineering Titans
4 BS Electrical Engineering earns spots
in the National Level
5 PSU bags Gold in 10th Goldilocks
ICDC
6 PSU penetrates Coffee Linkage
7 Secretary De Lima urges women to be
Crime Busters
8 PSU benchmark LPU
9 PSUnians Walk the Talk
Total 9 2

Table 2 presents the distribution of headlines based on clausal and phrasal

grammatical structures in The University Frontier's January – March 2016 issue. Out
of the 11 headlines, 9 (81.82%) follow a clausal structure, while 2 (18.18%) employ a
phrasal structure. The ratio between the two headline structures is 9:2.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 3. Grammatical Structures of Headlines from The University Frontier, the

Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on August – December 2022

The University Frontier

The Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC
August – December 2022

No. Clausal Headlines Phrasal Headlines

1 PSU – ACC opens limited face – to - The First K – 12 Curriculum Graduates
face classes
2 PSU – ACC conducts series of Disaster ACCDA: ACCian’s Diverse Arts
Preparedness Drill
3 Cabalbag placed fourth in the Gawad Back On Track
Parangal Award
4 ACC commemorates 10th Recognition
Day
5 SAHARA leads the Table Tennis
Skirting Competition
6 DOIT, SYBA Host CBT Fest
7 CTE celebrates Education Week 2022
8 PNP stages Bomb Threat Drill
9 Brigada Unibersidad kicks off
10 NSTP spearheads bloodletting drive
12 PSU – ACC initiates virtual and face –
to – face Internship Program
13 The University Frontier unveils new
logo
Total 12 3

Table 3 presents the distribution of headlines based on clausal and phrasal

grammatical structures in The University Frontier's January – March 2016 issue. Out
of the 15 headlines, 12 (80%) follow a clausal structure, while 3 (20%) employ a
phrasal structure. The ratio between the two headline structures is 12:3, which can
be reduced to 4:1
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 4. Grammatical Structures of Headlines from The University Frontier, the

Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on November - January 2023

The University Frontier

The Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC
November - January 2023

No. Clausal Headlines Phrasal Headlines

1 ACC lands Overall Champion in National MIF: Burden in Disguise
Hospitality Skills Cup
2 QA office spearheads 5S Quality Workplace SSC: Students’ Festival

3 PSU-ACC conducts Ground Breaking CTE’s EdukSaklolo Extension

Ceremony for Multi - Purpose Covered Program
Court
4 PSU – ACC pays tribute to outgoing
president Dr. Dexter R. Buted
5 ACC bags multiple recognitions in PSU @43
6 ACC hauls recognitions in the 33rd NSM
7 Two entries of Alaminos Campus grabs 2nd
and 3rd Place in the Cultural Festival
8 PSU-ACC commends DRB in a presidential
campus visit
9 Ladia bags 1st place in Regional NSM
Poster and Slogan Making Contest
10 Masirib Kultura opens auditions for dance
troupe, theater, visual arts
11 CTE deploys 69 field study students
12 Student leaders vow to serve PSU-ACC
13 ACC’s GAD unit conducts orientation for
freshmen
14 PSU-ACC launches campus – wide Brigada
Unibersidad 2022
15 Newly – hired faculty members, admin staff
undergo Structured Learning Experience
16 TOWARDS EQUITY: PSU – ACC Conducts
Gender Sensitivity Orientation
17 Brigada Pagbasa Orientation for the New
Volunteers, Stakeholders, Partner
Institutions Cum MOA Signing – phrasal
headline
18 The City of Alaminos to Sow Hope to
Alaminians
Total 18 3
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 4 presents the distribution of headlines based on clausal and phrasal

grammatical structures in The University Frontier's November - January 2023 issue.
Out of the 21 headlines, 18 (85.71%) follow a clausal structure, while 3 (14.29%)
employ a phrasal structure. The ratio between the two headline structures is 18:3,
which can be reduced to 6:1.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Patterns of Headlines per Issue

Table 5. Pattern of Headlines from The University Frontier, the Official Student
Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on July – December 2015.

A. CLAUSAL HEADLINES

No. Clausal Headlines

1 PSU bares new athletes

Subject (S): PSU
Verb (V): bares
Object (O): new athletes
2 PSU – ACC dominates in Taekwondo during the University Meet
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: dominates
Object: in Taekwondo during the University Meet
3 PSU goes online
Subject: PSU
Verb: goes
Object: online
4 Award-giving bodies credit Buted’s contribution to education
Subject: Award-giving bodies
Verb: credit
Obligatory Adverbial: Buted’s contribution to education
5 PSU is now ISO 9001:2015 certified
Subject: PSU
Verb: is
Object: now ISO 9001:2015 certified
6 Academic Exchange highlights PSU, Chiba U MOA signing
Subject: Academic Exchange
Verb: highlights
Object: PSU, Chiba U MOA signing
7 CPAG conquers Int’l Stage
Subject: CPAG
Verb: conquers
Object: Int’l Stage
8 PSU levels up academic excellence 12 Programs pass accreditation
Subject: PSU
Verb: levels up, pass
Object: academic excellence, 12 Programs accreditation
9 ACCET recognizes PSU researches
Subject: ACCET
Verb: recognizes
Object: PSU researches
10 Dulos co-chairs Int’l research forum, presents Erasmus
Subject: Dulos
Verb: co-chairs, presents
Object: Int’l research forum, Erasmus
11 Phil – HECS strengthens competencies of SUC leaders, aspirants
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Subject: Phil – HECS

Verb: strengthens
Object: competencies of SUC leaders, aspirants
12 PSU joins PHL Most Popular HEIs
Subject: PSU
Verb: joins
Object: PHL Most Popular HEIs
13 Buted: Our country needs you now
Subject: Buted
Verb Phrase:needs
Direct Object: you
Subject Predicative: now
14 PSU honor teachers dedication to service
Subject: PSU
Verb: honors
Obligatory Adverbial: teachers' dedication to service
15 Automated poll upsurges voter turnout
Subject: Automated poll
Verb: upsurges
Object: voter turnout
16 PSU produces 2016 circle of Topnotchers
Subject: PSU
Verb: produces
Object: 2016 circle of Topnotchers
17 Employees receive CAN incentive
Subject: Employees
Verb: receive
Object: CAN incentive
18 New dorm inaugurated
Subject: New dorm
Verb: inaugurated
19 Bayambang Campus attends PAPSET Int’l Seminar-Workshop
Subject: Bayambang Campus
Verb: attends
Object: PAPSET Int’l Seminar-Workshop
20 PMA interacts with PSUnians
Subject: PMA
Verb: interacts
Object: with PSUnians
21 SCC sends Agri students to Israel for OJT
Subject: SCC
Verb: sends
Object: Agri students
Subject Predicative: to Israel for OJT
22 PASUC highlights SUC Internationalization
Subject: PASUC
Verb: highlights
Object: SUC Internationalization
23 SCUAA spectators wow PSU’s hosting
Subject: SCUAA spectators
Verb: wow
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Object : PSU’s hosting

24 Active PSU involvement seen on DRRM Orientation
Subject: Active PSU involvement
Verb : seen
Obligatory Adverbial: on DRRM Orientation

Table 5A displays the composition of headlines using a clausal grammatical

structure from the July-December 2015 editions of The University Frontier's Official
Student Publication. All 24 clausal headlines exclusively adhered to the Subject-Verb
Phrase-Direct Object (Subject Predicative) pattern, accounting for 100% of the
clausal headlines.

B. PHRASAL HEADLINES

No. Phrasal Headlines

1 Government Quality Program
Pre-modifier: Government Quality
Headword: Program
2 Project: Crab Hatchery
Headword: Project
Post-modifier: Crab Hatchery

Table 5B displays the structural pattern of headlines using a phrasal grammatical

structure from the July-December 2015 editions of The University Frontier's Official
Student Publication. Despite variations in the utilization of pre- and post-modifiers,
both phrasal headlines employed noun phrases to modify their respective
headwords.

Table 6. Pattern of Headlines from The University Frontier, the Official Student
Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on January – March 2016

A. CLAUSAL HEADLINES

No. Clausal Headlines

1 BSEd students gain awards in the Regional Student-Teacher Congress
Subject: BSEd students
Verb: gain
Object: awards
Subject Predicative: in the Regional Student-Teacher Congress
2 PSU hosts First Table Tennis Tournament
Subject: PSU
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Verb: hosts
Object: First Table Tennis Tournament
3 PSU Alumnus joins roster of Electrical Engineering Titans
Subject: PSU Alumnus
Verb: joins
Obligatory Adverbial: roster of Electrical Engineering Titans
4 BS Electrical Engineering earns spots in the National Level
Subject: BS Electrical Engineering
Verb Phrase: earns
Subject Predicative: spots in the National Level
5 PSU bags Gold in 10th Goldilocks ICDC
Subject: PSU
Verb: bags
Object: Gold in 10th Goldilocks ICDC
6 PSU penetrates Coffee Linkage
Subject: PSU
Verb: penetrates
Object: Coffee Linkage
7 Secretary De Lima urges women to be Crime Busters
Subject: Secretary De Lima
Verb: urges
Object: women
Obligatory Adverbial: to be Crime Busters
8 PSU benchmark LPU
Subject: PSU
Verb: benchmark
Object: LPU
9 PSUnians Walk the Talk
Subject: PSUnians
Verb: Walk
Object: the Talk

Table 6A displays the composition of headlines using a clausal grammatical

structure from the January-March 2016 editions of The University Frontier's Official
Student Publication. 5 of the clausal headlines exclusively adhered to the Subject-
Verb Phrase-Direct Object, 2 Subject-Verb Phrase - Direct Object- (Subject
Predicative) pattern, and 2 Subject- Verb Phrase – Obligatory Adverbial, accounting
for 100% of the clausal headlines.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

B. PHRASAL HEADLINES

No. Phrasal Headlines

1 Della: 2016 PASSAGE Most Outstanding Extensionist
Headword: Della
Postmodifier: 2016 PASSAGE Most Outstanding Extensionist
2 PPCRV :“One Good Vote”
Headword: PPCRV
Postmodifier: “One Good Vote”

Table 6B displays the structural pattern of headlines using a phrasal grammatical

structure from the January-March 2016 editions of The University Frontier's Official
Student Publication. Both phrasal headlines employed noun phrases to modify their
respective headwords.

Table 7. Pattern of Headlines from The University Frontier, the Official Student
Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on August – December 2022

A. CLAUSAL HEADLINES

No. Clausal Headlines

1 PSU – ACC opens limited face – to - face classes
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: opens
Object: limited face – to - face classes
2 PSU – ACC conducts series of Disaster Preparedness Drill
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: conducts
Object: series of Disaster Preparedness Drill
3 Cabalbag placed fourth in the Gawad Parangal Award
Subject: Cabalbag
Linking Verb: placed
Complement: fourth in the Gawad Parangal Award
4 ACC commemorates 10th Recognition Day
Subject: ACC
Verb: commemorates
Object: 10th Recognition Day
5 SAHARA leads the Table Tennis Skirting Competition
Subject: SAHARA
Verb: leads
Object: the Table Tennis Skirting Competition
6 DOIT, SYBA Host CBT Fest
Subject: DOIT, SYBA
Verb: Host
Object: CBT Fest
7 CTE celebrates Education Week 2022
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Subject: CTE
Verb: celebrates
Object: Education Week 2022
8 PNP stages Bomb Threat Drill
Subject: PNP
Verb: stages
Object: Bomb Threat Drill
9 Brigada Unibersidad kicks off
Subject: Brigada Unibersidad
Verb: kicks off
Object: none
10 NSTP spearheads bloodletting drive
Subject: NSTP
Verb: spearheads
Object: bloodletting drive
11 PSU – ACC initiates virtual and face – to – face Internship Program
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: initiates
Object: virtual and face – to – face Internship Program
12 The University Frontier unveils new logo
Subject: The University Frontier
Verb: unveils
Object: new logo

Table 7A displays the composition of headlines using a clausal grammatical

structure from the August-December 2022 editions of The University Frontier's
Official Student Publication. All 12 clausal headlines exclusively adhered to the
Subject-Verb Phrase-Direct Object pattern, accounting for 100% of the clausal
headlines.

B. PHRASAL HEADLINES

No. Phrasal Headlines

1 The First K – 12 Curriculum Graduates
Premodifier: The First
Headword: K – 12 Curriculum
Postmodifier: Graduates
2 ACCDA: ACCian’s Diverse Arts
Headword: ACCDA
Postmodifier: ACCian’s Diverse Arts
3 Back on Track
Premodifier: Back
Headword: on Track
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 7B displays the structural pattern of headlines using a phrasal grammatical

structure from the August-December 2022 editions of The University Frontier's
Official Student Publication. Despite variations in the utilization of pre- and post-
modifiers, all phrasal headlines employed noun phrases to modify their respective
headwords.

Table 8. Pattern of Headlines from The University Frontier, the Official Student
Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on November - January 2023

A. CLAUSAL HEADLINES

No. Clausal Headlines

1 ACC lands Overall Champion in National Hospitality Skills Cup
Subject: ACC
Verb: lands
Object: Overall Champion in National Hospitality Skills Cup
2 QA office spearheads 5S Quality Workplace
Subject: QA office
Verb: spearheads
Object: 5S Quality Workplace
3 PSU-ACC conducts Ground Breaking Ceremony for Multi - Purpose Covered
Court
Subject: PSU-ACC
Verb: conducts
Object: Ground Breaking Ceremony for Multi - Purpose Covered Court
4 PSU – ACC pays tribute to outgoing president Dr. Dexter R. Buted
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: pays
Subject Predicative: tribute to outgoing president Dr. Dexter R. Buted
5 ACC bags multiple recognitions in PSU @43
Subject: ACC
Verb: bags
Object: multiple recognitions in PSU @43
6 ACC hauls recognitions in the 33rd NSM
Subject: ACC
Verb: hauls
Object: recognitions in the 33rd NSM
7 Two entries of Alaminos Campus grabs 2nd and 3rd Place in the Cultural
Festival
Subject: Two entries of Alaminos Campus
Verb: grabs
Object: 2nd and 3rd Place in the Cultural Festival
8 PSU-ACC commends DRB in a presidential campus visit
Subject: PSU-ACC
Verb: commends
Subject Predicative: DRB in a presidential campus visit
9 Ladia bags 1st place in Regional NSM Poster and Slogan Making Contest
Subject: Ladia
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Verb: bags
Object: 1st place in Regional NSM Poster and Slogan Making Contest
10 Masirib Kultura opens auditions for dance troupe, theater, visual arts
Subject: Masirib Kultura
Verb: opens
Object: auditions for dance troupe, theater, visual arts
11 CTE deploys 69 field study students
Subject: CTE
Verb: deploys
Object: 69 field study students
12 Student leaders vow to serve PSU-ACC
Subject: Student leaders
Verb: vow
Object: to serve PSU-ACC
13 ACC’s GAD unit conducts orientation for freshmen
Subject: ACC’s GAD unit
Verb: conducts
Object: orientation for freshmen
14 PSU-ACC launches campus – wide Brigada Unibersidad 2022
Subject: PSU-ACC
Verb: launches
Object: campus – wide Brigada Unibersidad 2022
15 Newly – hired faculty members, admin staff undergo Structured Learning
Experience
Subject: Newly – hired faculty members, admin staff
Verb: undergo
Object: Structured Learning Experience
16 TOWARDS EQUITY: PSU – ACC Conducts Gender Sensitivity Orientation
Subject: PSU – ACC
Verb: Conducts
Object: Gender Sensitivity Orientation
17 SSC spearhead Students’ Festival
Subject: SSC
Verb: spearheads
Object: Students’ Festival
18 The City of Alaminos to Sow Hope to Alaminians
Subject: The City of Alaminos
Verb: to Sow
Object: Hope to Alaminians
Infinitive Phrase: "to Sow Hope to Alaminians"

Table 8A displays the composition of headlines using a clausal grammatical

structure from the November-January 2023 editions of The University Frontier's
Official Student Publication. 16 clausal headlines exclusively adhered to the Subject-
Verb Phrase-Direct Object pattern and 2 for Subject-Verb Phrase - Direct Object-
(Subject Predicative).
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

A. PHRASAL HEADLINES

No. Phrasal Headlines

1 MIF: Burden in Disguise
Headword: MIF
Post-modifier: Burden in Disguise
2 Brigada Pagbasa Orientation for the New Volunteers, Stakeholders, Partner
Institutions Cum MOA Signing
Pre-modifier: New Volunteers, Stakeholders, Partner Institutions
Headword: Brigada Pagbasa Orientation
Post-modifier: MOA Signing
3 CTE’s EdukSaklolo Extension Program
Pre-modifier: CTE’s EdukSaklolo
Headword: Extension Program

Table 8B displays the structural pattern of headlines using a phrasal grammatical

structure from the November-January 2023 editions of The University Frontier's
Official Student Publication. Despite variations in the utilization of pre- and post-
modifiers, all phrasal headlines employed noun phrases to modify their respective
headwords.
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Semantic Categories of Headlines per Issue

Table 9. Semantic Categories of Headwords from The University Frontier, the

Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on July – December 2015

Code
Subject/ Categories From Semantic Categories
USAS
English
Web
Tagger
1. Stronger than ever! PSU bares new K5.1 Sports
athletes
2. PSU – ACC dominates in Taekwondo K5.1 Sports
during the University Meet
3. PSU goes online P1 Education in general
4. Award-giving bodies credit Buted’s P1 Education in general
contribution to education
5. PSU is now ISO 9001:2015 certified Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
6. Academic Exchange highlights PSU, Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
Chiba U MOA signing names
7. CPAG conquers Int’l Stage Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
8. Active PSU involvement seen on DRRM S5 Groups and affiliation
Orientation
9. PSU levels up academic excellence 12 P1 Education in general
Programs pass accreditation
10. ACCET recognizes PSU researches Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
11. Dulos co-chairs Int’l research forum, Z3 Other proper names
presents Erasmus
12. Coral Restoration, Crab Hatchery K1 Entertainment generally
Projects
13. Institutionalizing Quality Mangament A2.1 Affect: Modify, change
System in PSU
14. Phil – HECS strengthens competencies S7.1 Power, organizing
of SUC leaders, aspirants
15. PSU joins PHL Most Popular HEIs S5 Groups and affiliation
16. Buted: Our country needs you now A1.1.1 General actions, making
etc
17. PSU honor teachers dedication to I3.2 Work and employment:
service Professionalism
18. Automated poll upsurges voter turnout Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
19. PSU produces 2016 circle of Z1 Personal names
Topnotchers
20. Employees receive CAN incentive I3.2 Work and employment:
Professionalism
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

21. New dorm inaugurated H1 Architecture, kinds of

houses &
buildings
22. Bayambang Campus attends PAPSET I3.2 Work and employment:
Int’l Seminar-Workshop Professionalism
23. PMA interacts with PSUnians S5 Groups and affiliation
24. SCC sends Agri students to Israel for M3 Movement/transportation:
OJT land
25. PASUC highlights SUC K1 Entertainment generally
Internationalization
26. SCUAA spectators wow PSU’s hosting K5.1 Sports

Table 10. Semantic Categories of Headwords from The University Frontier, the
Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on January – March 2016

Code
Subject/ Categories From Semantic Categories
USAS
English
Web
Tagger
1. PSUnians Walk the Talk A1.1.1 General actions, making
etc.
2. PSU benchmark LPU – Batangas S7.1 Power, organizing
3. Secretary De Lima urges women to be S2.1 People: Female
Crime Busters
4. PSU penetrates Coffee Linkage Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
5. PSU bags Gold in 10th Goldilocks Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
ICDC
6. BS Electrical Engineering earns spots Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
in the National Level
7. PSU Alumnus joins roster of Electrical S5 Groups and affiliation
Engineering Titans
8. Della: 2016 PASSAGE Most Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
Outstanding Extensionist
9. PPCRV: “One Good Vote” S7.1 Power, organizing
10. BSEd students gain awards in the Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
Regional Student-Teacher Congress names
11. PSU hosts First Table Tennis K5.1 Sports
Tournament
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 11. Semantic Categories of Headwords from The University Frontier, the
Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on August – December 2022

Code
Subject/ Categories From Semantic Categories
USAS
English
Web
Tagger
1. PSU – ACC opens limited face – to - P1 Education in general
face classes
2. PSU – ACC conducts series of A1.1.1 General actions, making
Disaster Preparedness Drill etc.
3. Cabalbag placed fourth in the Gawad Z1 Personal names
Parangal Award
4. The First K – 12 Curriculum Graduates P1 Education in general
5. ACC commemorates 10th Recognition Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
Day
6. SAHARA leads the Table Tennis Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
Skirting Competition
7. DOIT, SYBA Host CBT Fest Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
8. CTE celebrates Education Week 2022 Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
9. PNP stages Bomb Threat Drill A1.1.1 General actions, making
etc.
10. Brigada Unibersidad kicks off P1 Education in general
11. NSTP spearheads bloodletting drive Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names
12. Back on Track A1.1.1 General actions, making
etc.
13. PSU – ACC initiates virtual and face – P1 Education in general
to – face Internship Program
14. The University Frontier unveils new A1.1.1 General actions, making
logo etc.
15. ACCDA: ACCian’s Diverse Arts C1 Arts and crafts
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Table 12. Semantic Categories of Headwords from The University Frontier, the
Official Student Publication of PSU - ACC, issued on November - January 2023

Code
Subject/ Categories From Semantic Categories
USAS
English
Web
Tagger
1. ACC lands Overall Champion in Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
National Hospitality Skills Cup names
2. QA office spearheads 5S Quality I3.2 Work and employment:
Workplace Professionalism
3. PSU-ACC conducts Ground Breaking H1 Architecture, kinds of
Ceremony for Multi - Purpose Covered houses &
Court buildings
4. PSU – ACC pays tribute to outgoing I3.2 Work and employment:
president Dr. Dexter R. Buted Professionalism
5. ACC bags multiple recognitions in Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
PSU @43
6. ACC hauls recognitions in the 33rd Q4.2 The Media: Newspapers etc
NSM
7. Two entries of Alaminos Campus Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
grabs 2nd and 3rd Place in the Cultural names
Festival
8. PSU-ACC commends DRB in a I3.2 Work and employment:
presidential campus visit Professionalism
9. Ladia bags 1st place in Regional NSM Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
Poster and Slogan Making Contest names
10. Masirib Kultura opens auditions for P1 Education in general
dance troupe, theater, visual arts
11. SSC: Students’ Festival Z3 Other proper names
12. CTE deploys 69 field study students P1 Education in general
13. Student leaders vow to serve PSU- I3.2 Work and employment:
ACC Professionalism
14. ACC’s GAD unit conducts orientation A1.1.1 General actions, making etc.
for freshmen
15. PSU-ACC launches campus – wide C1 Arts and crafts
Brigada Unibersidad 2022
16. CTE’s EdukSaklolo Extension A1.1.1 General actions, making etc.
Program
17. Newly – hired faculty members, admin I3.2 Work and employment:
staff undergo Structured Learning Professionalism
Experience
18. TOWARDS EQUITY: PSU – ACC A1.1.1 General actions, making etc.
Conducts Gender Sensitivity
Orientation
19. Brigada Pagbasa Orientation for the Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
New Volunteers, Stakeholders, names
 LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies
Tapuac District, Dagupan City, Philippines

Partner Institutions Cum MOA Signing

20. The City of Alaminos to Sow Hope to A1.1.1 General actions, making etc.
Alaminians
21. MIF: Burden in Disguise Z99 Unmatched; Other proper
names