INVERSION ithe wants it straight QA weoative aovenss * He didn't knowhad no Idea what was going to happen. ai Ss wie Lite did he know what was going to happen, * hardly fbarelysarcely (ever. + Thad only just entered the room when | was asked to wait ouside, _Ianartearce where. Hay had elered te oom when Iwas sed wal cut Gh dovensia expressions '* The outcome of the match was never in doubt. Aino time was the outcome of the match in doubt. « The customer would on no account pay the added-cost. + On no account would the customer pay the added cost. © at n0> point time ‘¢ on no» account, occasi ‘= in no-> way, town, plac * inlunder no circumstances * Whatever happens, don'ttel ther. * «in (very) few (cases) # by no means % Under no circumstances should you tell hem. GQ cuuses oF nesuur. '* The runner was so exhausted that he couldn't breathe, aoe % So exhausted was the runner that he couldn't breathe. ‘to such a degree/an extenVengths! ‘+ Ho was $0 afraid of confined spaces that he fever took th Ii pitch/a pointextremes.. that ‘+ Such/To such a degree was his fear of confined spaces that: he never took the tt GQ) nor omy... ‘+ He set fe not only to the car, but also to the house. + Not only did he set fre to the car, but also to the house. BUT ALSO... *% Not only di ho set roto tho car, but to the house as well. BUT... AS WELL CA soonen.. fd pe coones cited he soe l ian sree oe THA ‘+ No sooner had I contacted the agency than I received your offer. «+ Immediately after his election, he was assassinated. ‘+ No sooner had he tigen elected than ine was assassinated. Gi wwenren conoiionats: If you (should) come first, leave the keys on the table, ‘Should you come fist, lave tho kays on tho table. {st © Ifyou (should)... Should you : 5 Ne 2nd © fitwere. = Wereit ‘If the boat were mina, | wouldn't hire it out % Were the boat ming, / wouldn't hire itout, Grd #1 theyhad... - Had they. « Ifthey had known, they would have told us, ‘= Had they known, they would have tod us. G2 ornen expressions « Iwasn't afraid of his threats any more, + No longer was I afraid of his treats. nota word/soul, no longer, ‘* The chemis’s will not be open elther today or tomorrow. innone of, not for, not since, ‘ Netter today nor tomorrow will he chemist’s bo open. noteven once, neither. no, : 5 neither/nor/sola (witha ‘* Both he and his brother play the piano well ee + He plays the plano well, as doesfend so does his brother, in vain, nowhere; not often,TEACHER'S GUIDE NB: © Teachers am aise to use the samole sentences gen ere and theughout he Teachers Book when presenting each stuctu, * Onthe completion of ech ison assign S the conesparcing ereriee info Practee Book ky homework, ‘Students are likely to have encountered Inversion before, so puting the verb before the subject should not seem @ revolutionary idea. Point out that * Inversion has fong been a favourite structural conwersion item lathe Proficiency exam, for which reason alone IRtmerts close study. * Most examplas of inversion are typical of formal language, very often used for the rhetorical effect desired in, for example, poitical speeches. ‘ Inversion is not common in everyday speech, and should be used with caution in Ss’ compositions. GY neosrive aoverss never, rarely, and seldom are commonly used with the present perfect or past perfect, or with ‘modals (can/could). Comparatives are often Included. hardly, barely, searcely... when/before are used to describe past actons which occurred almost simultaneously, one right after the other. The earler ‘action is (usually) in the past perfect and the later in the simple past. "Ive seldom heard it perarmed so wal * Scarce iBarely/ardly had they cloared tho Seldom have heard kpefemed so wo. {able when[before& baganto ran. ) oversiat expressions. at no point (= never) In very] tow [oas00] (= ra ® ato poin curing te joumey at re nave pay ay lente tO cs usvec to to ask for directions. immigrant workers Ino way (= not In any way) by no means (= not by any means) © Inno way can he be blamed for this accident. By no moans avo we ised you — GH cusses oF nesuir extent * The car was 80 damaged that it couldn't be repaired. ‘% Such was the damage to tho car thalTo such an extent was the car damaged that it couldnt be repaired. lengths * He made such an effortiwent to such lengths that exhausted him. = Such were the lengths he went to{Such was the offort he made/To such lengths did he go thet. pitch» The crowd's excitement reached such a piich/The crowd was 60 excited thatthe police stepped In. ‘> Such was the crowd's excitement that/To such a pitch was the crowd's exclement that. point» She was so popular that they named a street after her + Such was her popularly that/To such a pointfextent was she popular that they named a street after her. (1) wor ony. sur atsoysur...as wett CA vo sooner. THAN NB:* Not only can bo used with a negative verb i but alsofbut... as wall ae replaced by but. elther. ‘Not only does Amy not want o see him, but ‘he does not want to hear from him either. EGGd verre conomionais ores: * moe formal han regular word order 5 indeats that tn ee ayo happen * for “Were | to (do)..." see Unit 3, p 27 Gy otnen expressions In vain (with no result) * In vain did they ty to seve th crowning man. homers {inno pace) + Nowhere coud tha harassing fete. not a word/soul (= nobody) 7 Nota word cid thy Mota soul os thy tll. NB: © Tho simple past can be used in both clauses. Word clues for converting to ne sooner include Immediately, after, the moment (that), hardly, barely, Gust) as soon as, etc. ‘No sooner aid! arvothad | arived than someone ‘sent me a fax. a, + Should you decide to stay another nigh, toll the manager. * Were they genuinely concerned, they'd call, Had I had the tina, would havo writon to you, In none of * In none of ho albums. ould we nd his plore. not since ‘© Not since ast contury has en event ik this happened. not even once * Not even once has he been fo se his ang mother. neither/nor (+ aux) ‘She dosn't ko vagetables and nelthor/nor do |.UNIT IL TEACHER'S GUIDE CX waorrnor ween ror + ButFoR + wrHoUT.. NOTES: » Had it ot beon for and But for can aleo bo folowed by “tho fact ha” + cause; 00 Unt 0, p86 '* Had it not been for/But for the fact that she got ilher iliness, we woud have stayed longer. : © Changes in parts of speech Vary: ~~ $s should be keenly aware of, and constantly votb F noun he appeared = his appearance hoon, changes of ns’ nd 48. oy fal. noun: a popular aareso = hor poputarky as an across @,te, ROY Tecra of “rarsoingy adv. bad): he thought quickly » his quick thinking ‘= When converting a sentence If he hadn't been personally interested in the pian, inoveo choosing betrean” ited nevr hav eucootod Selneoa seared eat haan oder oo ts pa hina beg Sian b pater, onal here) ie ple, ROU nee hrs scaoded, GI omy... ioral 4 Git hl yo br obo ny eave am Trina On A pelea ie hen hee bat no oe S Oei-o pars sai ees hence rie andi the subject oft main verb. On yore woarrgsjscatandtecanjou carer, |: OM/ ohn know wha Bey Wee 11 ow wen. rari mor oni, (THAT. Sia eI OTHER CASES ; ‘ Itwas only when/not until the plane had come to‘ complete stop that the passengers could leave the | another exemple, On the fcor wes a gun, i typical Seats. (EMPHATIC, NO INVERSION) ne it 3 is type in ‘Only whenitiot unt to plane had come to acompoto | Wiha prosostianclprvse, hao lanstive ess ° stop could the pessongers lave te sets (ho bo) appeer stan et) 38 ma vere, and {Gobvare wrerion Wan Adee) Sse ator +c rating cus eomeros ontwhatcon GB omy enor uniess w= Gn the otizon appeared black, * He can soepunkiss he's taken aseping pil treating clouds Only he's taken a sleeping pil can he sleep. asthe any frm of te verb, “+ Not unless he’s taken a sleeping pill can he sleep. as In questions, Is not used here. a tha dag vil polomn cela cy yeuléed nist Nl peeian aol acne a Oni attotuntss you food hen fst the og tnvetelon, ithost an such may, to perform tricks. ‘accompanied by certain adverbs or adverbial phrasee PASSIVE OPPOSITES * The potca marched elongiudown the soo, + People seldom mention his name nowadays, < Hoeietbown the sot marched te poe. © Setfon fis are mentioned revadays + Tho guard wad n= In walKed tho guard ® Youll forget hie name you don't wa own © Only you tot doun wil you rember his rae. onal PRACTICE “i 4. Under no ckcumstances shouldnustyou leave, Without her suppor, he would't have passed the toon, can 2, Little didthe robbers rae thet armed police 7, Bt for his hard work he woulde’thave ii wero weltng fr hem. succeeded, 23, No sooner had Pauthoard rom Angela than her 8, Not unt |receWed thecal dd| remember the titer cropped in ppointrert 4, Such washer amity about the exam that she 9, Only om (ey ar occasions fs the ui allowed cout sleep, 4 5. had fe mot boon fortis ndenessbeing rade, 10, Only by aosgptng he conten walean you kop Tul have given i he youre, aLGRAMMAR ANALYSIS ‘© The only reason the concert wasn't a success was the rain. + Had ft not been for the rain the concert would have been a success. \ But for/Without the rain, the concert would have been a success, ‘* Ithe hadn't advised her, she wouldn't have accepted the job. = Had it not been for his advice, she would not have accepted the job. Ci) wor wor eeen ror + BUTFOR + wirkoUT ‘CHANGES PARTS OF SPEECH omy... (aversion in main clause) only then, only by chance/uck, only inthis wayhwith difficulty, only + hoard only by chance that his father had passed away. s+ Only by chance ddI hear that his father had passed away. esteralayfom (rare) occasions: He gave in only after we had (had) a long argument. ONLY Gerson nmin ce) Only ater we had ha) along argument dd he gh i. onl on, only if, * The only way to leam is by tice. aire an UE etn nual ant « I didn't realise how violent the fim was until sew ‘+ ites only when/not until / saw tho fm that realised how violent was. (emphatic, no inversion) : ‘ Only whenINot until saw the fin did I realise ‘how violent t was. (emphatic, inversion in main clause) * You can see the doctor only it you have an appointment ‘+ Only if you have an appointment ean you see the doctor, = Not unless your have an appointment can you see the doctor. CG one nor umess Clvertt a al aoe) ‘= Thore are not many newspapers which covered the accident in detail \ In few newspapers was the aceldent covered in detail. (passive) + You wil only fall your exam i you don't study hard. ‘> Only it you study hard will ou pass your exam. (opposites) INVERSION based on ee a In (very) few cities do they (have)... Only ie (ash) can/wil we find out. Only wih patience wil you achleve your goals. Not many cites (have). = ‘The only way to find out Is to ask. ‘You'l achieve your goals only if you are patient Its unusual to (see). Seldom do you (see).. ‘As soon as | arrived). ‘No sooner had I (arived).. twas the fist ime that (had been).. Naver before had I (bea ie. l've often (wanted) ORAL PRACTICE 1. Whatever you do, don'tleave me alone, Under... 2. The robbers did not realise that armed police ‘were waiting for them.” Little... 3, Immediately ater Paul heard from Angela, her sister dropped in. No sooner... 4. Sho was so anxious about the exam that she couldnt sleep. such. 5. I would have given him the job if he hadn't bboen so rude. Had it not... > 5 > > > 2 Many isthe time I've (wanted) f S saniee 6, Had not been for her support, he woulkn't have passed the exams. Without... 7. Hed itnot been for his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded. But for.. 8, | forgot about the appointment unt Ireceived the cal. Not wnt. 9, The publels alowed invery rarely. Only ort. 410. The only way you won't ose your job's by accepting his condtions. Only by...SO DO Expressions reer fo the peommance DO wiisenicesraciniy pertormiput into pretice EE tie lormput int pr Fs ao oushose . job, wor a test play, one's duty © doa fevour Ee, + sthlove sh goodhsotiignt So G6 damage 4.96 miles fn hou * commit eh eadhvrong S do reaparch * doeve ir © practise sporthebby m oe 4o (sb) a good turn: do something nice for sb ese _do the donkey work: do most ofthe heavy work * She's so helplul she avays likes to doa good ‘Although he does all the donkey work, sho urn for people. {aes the credit. do the honours: act as hasvhostss; perform ‘do wondersimiracles: havea very good effect on a social dutylceremony * You work oo hard: along heliday would * Excuse me a moment, te phone's ringing. do miracles foryou. Pau, wll you do the honours and pour do one's best: try as hard as possible evéyono @ chink? * She aivays does her beso ploase everyone. do the sights: go sightseeing do the best one can: try as hard as one can * We did al th sights when we were in Usbon. ® You should do the. estyu conju vant do justice to: do or show something in the best ight to suaceed. ‘The photograph toes not do ful ustce tothe colours of the painting. do the trick: work, succeed in doing something * Ityou've'gota headache, these pils wll do the trick. KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION 1. Why do | have to do al the hard work? (donkey) Why ee do have.to do. all the donkey... 2, The photograph does not show all her good points. (do) ‘The photograph .... 8. Tho redcne produced exclenesuts on my grandmothor. (nial) The medicine nn did mlractes for my. “4 Suelo sbnayeraast0 Me you toed Susis . a4 5. When we went to London, we visited all the interesting places, (sfghts) We .. afl all the slants, 4G. Milty as hard as | ean not to be late. (best) ri. _do.my bestithe best | 7. These tools will accomplish the task in half the time. (ick) ‘Those tools . 8, fldo everthing | posi can to halp you. (rome) ".. to everthing Awithlin my, new... her. grandmother. turn ‘when we went to London, late inhalf the time. 1» to help you.TEACHER'S GUIDE 4. do credit: enfiance the reputation of «She did her teacher creditidid credit to her teacher by passing the exam. 2. do business: engage in business, trade ‘He's been doing business with some very suspicious-looking characters. 8. do a favour: perform a kind act '¢ Would you da me a favour and fend me your car this evening? 4, do damage: cause damage ‘© The hurricane did a lot of damage to the new marina. 5. do research: conduct résearch ‘© He's currenty doing research intojon the events leading up to the civil war. 6, do harm/good: do sth that results in harm/damage or sth beneficial * A lite wine with your dinner won't do you any heem. In fact, it might do you (some) good, 7. have a do: have a party/celebration ‘The Simpsons are having a do next weekend to celebrate their son's graduation. 8, that willjwon’t do: be enough, suitable/be insufficient, unsuitable + You needh't use an expensive wine for cooking; a cheap one will do. ‘© These trousers simply won't do. They're too tight. '9. do 60 miles (an hour): travel (at the speed of) 60 miles (an hour) * We've ateady done 60 miles. Le’ stop for coffee. ‘© He must have done at least 80 miles an hour to have got here so quickly. — 410. do everything (wit)In one’s power: ty as hard as possible do alone can (to accomplish sti) '* Ive done everything in my power to persuade him, but he stil refuses to go. 5 acc RET EBC PTji ~~ TEACHER'S GUIDE A Disastrous WEEKEND ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS Many of the key words occurring 1: flowir Wemeermeloverecinaa, | ante at ongyag rhe) a be ound In-olher contents. Ill.at ease: uncomfortable, nervous ‘Some of the more common are Oe fomget Remmi como 5 fe ge My and el pec at oar a ie extension. ‘+ He's studied hard, so he should pass the exam with ease. ‘Note that other verbs can be used with these expressions. (BE) AT EXPRESSIONS: : ata loss ‘* She was at a loss for words when they awarded her first prize. sustaln/suffer a loss: experience the loss of a'person, thing, or quantity * The enemy forces sustalned|sufferéd heavy losses during the air stike. Incur a loss: (as above, but usualy in reference to economics) ‘ ‘© The company Incurred heavy losses as a rasult of the strike. (be) ata standstill Traffic was at a standstill until the police moved the wreckage from the road ‘come/bring to a standstill: cause to stop ‘* Work on his house came to a standstill when he ran out of money. ‘* He brought the bus to’@ standstil. at odds with '* Sarah and James have been at odds with each other over how to spend their, lottery winnings. NOTE: al loggerheads differs from at odds with in suggesting there is a degrer of hostity involved, against all (the) odds: very unexpectedly/despite the difficulties ‘Against all (the) odds, she qualified for the national team. ‘odds and ends: various small articles of ile value ‘= Their siting room was full of various odds and ends they had pioked up on their travels. atthe forefront —_* The University hospital remains at the forefront of cancer research. atlarge ‘= Despite police efforts to catch them, the escaped prisoners remain at large. atitsfone’s best —_* Tho boxor was defintely rot at his best last night. He was Knocked out before the end ofthe fist round. atadead end ‘© afrald they're at a dead end as far as coming to any kind of agreement; neither side will compromise.VOCABULARY ANALYSIS (BE) AT Expressions A Disastrous WEEKEND Last weekend | was at rather a low ebb, so I decided to calla few of my tiends to seo if any of them were at a loose end, in which case we could have gone out 4 somewhere. Luckiy, my father’s car was at my disposal so there was no problem with transportation. First! phoned my bestfriend Henry, bute refused to come out because he wes at loggerheads with our other fiends for some reason or other. ‘When | phoned them they said the same thing and wouldn't have been at ease i swe'd all gone out together. was at my wits’ end. Then I called Olga but she dida’t want fo go out becalise she was making a new dress. In the end, | spent the evening watching TY. * ata low ebb: worse than usual; depressed # at a loose end: having nothing to do ‘at one's disposal: avaiable foruse « at loggerhead: ncisegreement ‘at ease: completely ered « at'one's wits’ end: not knowing what 10 do or say because one Is very worried (BE) AT EXPRESSIONS ‘at loss: contised, uncertain «© ot large: escaped and’ sti ree’ at a staridstill: not moving, stopped © at itsione's best: in the best state or form ‘at odds With: in disagreement © at a dead end: 4 point at which one can at the forefront: leading position imaké fio further progress EX open cioze test ‘have my uncle's villa in the South of France at my (1).. disposal... , and | am presently at a . end, 50 | decided to fly down and make use of ft. That part of the world is at vw best in spring, but | Was at a (4)... ..@S to know who to invite to come * along with me. My brother's a a (5), ey. ‘ebb at the moment following his divorce, and is at odds w» ost of the family, 80 | invited him. | didn't realise he was (7). aggerheads with my uncle too, until my uncle made it clear that neither of us was welcome to use the villa. Now Vim at my wits 8 to what to do, | think slay at home, cottocarions waren) = 7 a 8. loys, rend, story, concer, likeness i 'be signature, antique, article, painting, interest’ =. signature, document, painting, story 4, silk ove, tend, ole, name, probiem,possibity _}fOST JL toioms - Expressions Bopy Parts I @Q veres + GAPPED SENTENCES (wrzW COMMON WoRD) aren i AW oon fB68. num the seme problems every year. ae. Because the Mat oronf¥G2nsonon 08st, they get alot of sunlight ‘ thumba lift: itchhike Ribera, : © face upto sts deal wh, Why won't you Upto the fact that you're too old «head forsomewhere: 60 oe Dia ee or * toetheline: obey 2. Her husband was asked t0 uP ‘a committee of inquiy. # foot thebil pay Ijmped Into a tex and told the diver to... 824... forthe akport sate can ceaa Inthe final minutes ofthe game, a player managed t.....1¢24, a eee oe ey the ball into the net through the crowed: push «© shoulder the blame 3, The impudent hil... .Mumbed... isnose at me! responsibility: accept ‘While | was wailing to see the doctor, I. 2d... through a magazine. * hand itto sb: praise ‘We missed the last bus 60 we . I ali into town. GQ nouns «hands ofthe dock: pointers 4 inthis neck ofthe woods: in his arealaound here rai ok raion tcl ee aR Pa ane * leg of ajourney: stage ofa * havea lot of cheek: have cool confidence! * foot of mourns te over part impudence «arm of a chair: par atthe side ofa cha © have the heartto: bewiling todo * .atthehead ofthe tbl: atthe end ofthetable or say sth unkind or unpleasant © wih thehemvy heart: very umvilingly “+ NOUNS & VERBS ~ FILL IN footing the bil 4. My boss expects none the in in the offi 2, The fist... ‘ofthe journey wil take two days. 8. Dad always sits at the of the table. 4, We forgot to turn back the . ofthe dock. 5, Don't bend the book. You'l break it... 8. You'llnever find it, inthe. 7. Wo Walked towards th 8, He's got a lt of. 9, Ihate peopie who lke to 10. {'m the captain so I'l Ql marc rn @ ask me for money again, sms nto other people's affairs the blame for anything that happens, Fs ek someones breina 2. puton a brave face 3. payit by ear 4. (look) down in the mouth , find out what sb knows by asking questions FE Ca) Go Gd co 5. hear sth from sb’ own lips qo ‘@. avoid loss of prestige/bs humiliated im Ce) Ce] Ee Ceq a. do or say what seems best atthe time | b, attompt not to'smile o laugh «, enter or visita place 6. putone's foot i - put yourself in a dangerous/unpleasant situation 7. set foot infon 1 say oF do sth foolishtactloss 8, keep a straight face fh. show courage in times ofdifcutty 9, risWstick one's neck out 1. hear sth from the person himself 10,.sevefiose face J. sad and without spit _TEACHER'S GUIDE Bopy Parts I (ZX vers: GAPPED SENTENCES - KEY & DEFINITIONS 1, face the same problems = have to dea! with face east = lookibe directed toward a particular dlrection face up to the fact that = deal with 2. head a committee = be in charge oflead head for = go to head the ball = hitwith the head 3. thumbed his nose = made a ride gesture of disgust with one's thumb and nose thumbed through = looked through a book, magazine, etc. without reading carefully thumbed a litt = hitchhiked ‘SAMPLE SENTENCES: mouth, toe, foot, nose, elbow, shoulder, hand * She wasn't actually singing the song in the fim - just mouthing the words. ‘+ John ultimately got the sack. He just couldn't learn to toe the fine. «The father of the bride footed the bill or tha entire wedding, * I wish your mother would stop nosing into our atfalrs. Latecomers had to elbow thelr way through the crovid to get tothe ticket office, ulder the bleme/responsibilty for our faling economy. * I must hand ftto you — you're a very persuasive speaker. (nouns: apprrionat EXAMPLES ; They put a matchbox under one of the legs of the table head (of an organisation): person in charge; John was recently chosen to be head of our pparentteacher association. * head (of a page): the upper part, top; He wrote the date and his address at the head ofthe page: + sth ls (way) over one’s head: dificult to understand; ! gave up during the exam because the questions were way over my head. * keopiiose one's head: remain calm/panic; In an emergency ty to keep your head, not lose it. © get sth Into/out of one’s head: come to believe sth, begin/stop believing sth, forget (about); | don't know how he got it into his head that she was interested In him; You'd best get any Idea - of an extra day off out of your head now. 2 5. spine * spies (of hedgehog, porcupine): needle pats of etn animals or pans; Pocupines ‘have spines, and 80 do cat ADDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS: * ‘+ Ho threw his jacket over the arm of the chatr. ** You won't see many tourists inthis neck of the woods; I's too remote,” * I didn't Rave the heart fo tell her she wasn't needed; she was 0 anxious to help. * with a heavy heart: sadly; I's with a heavy heart that | must announce my decision not to stand for re-election, ‘take sth to heart: be upsetinfuenced by sth; She-seems to take everything we say to heart. * set one’s heart on: have a strong desite to do sth; He had set his heart on going to Europe this summer. Sem SS | EE TEL YTUNIT IL TEACHER'S GUIDE GAPPED SENTENCES EEE Kev - DeFTions 1. © hand sb eth: give sb th using one's hands © hand (over): surrender hand Itto eb: congratulate sb» hand (noun) = » cards dealt to $b ina card game; one ound in a game of cards ® saler on a ship, HAND (coun in fixed expressions) : s a # an old hand at doing sth sb experienced af doing sth * eat out of sb’s hands): co what sb else wants; obey sb eagoriy vellend (sb) @ hand: help _* give sb @ handigive a hand to sb: applaud ds: come Into the power or possession of sb et the uppor hand: get the advantage/controlpower over sb ‘ have a hand in: have an influence on sth; be partly cesponsibie for ‘sb's hands: prevent sb from doing sth * try one’s hand at: altompt * wash one's hands of: rts to bo responsible fodconcemed with # get out of hand: lose contol» athe hands of: byirom someone * hand over fst: (fr money) very rapidly In hand: controlled; in contol 2. # card trick: clever skilfacton with cards done for entertainment ot miss a trick: always know what is happening (and take advantage of the situation) * do the trick: produce the desired result ‘TRICK (noun in fixed expressions) ‘try every trick Inthe book: ty every possible thing to achiove sth icks of the trade: special techniquesimethods used by professionals + bo up to hishher (old) tricks: behave ina cshonestdeceitl way 8. # goon foot: walk * the foot (ofthe stars): the bottom _* put one's foot in It: sayfdo sth tactless| 4. # ata loss for words: speechless; uneble to exlein in words # loss of 2 loved one: death + loss (vs profit): money lst or never earned LOSE (void) = + fall io Koop sihjsb in one's possession havo less of sth than before ® not win * cause sb tobe confused do without: manage without sbisth * do up (one's coat}: button, fasten # do everything within one's power: do as muchas posible (or expressions with “80° see p10 & 124) 6. # atone’s wits’ end: (. 11) «at a loose end: (9. 14) + put an end to: (cause to) stop END (noun)=_ * last partof sth. death + purpose; intended outcome GED cv. vernmions 1. keep sb company: provide companionship for sb; accompany Inthe company of: inthe presorce of company (of actors): theatical group resenco = + stato of beng present something that canbe felt or sensed but nt son * power o infience one has in a groupfinstiuton association = + connectonfink bebween to things, peop, deas organisation + reltonship 2, common garden variety: ordinary «common belie: widaly accepted bollt have sth in common wih sb: have simlar interestsfexpariances etc normal =» regular, typical, usual «sane halural = + made by/eistng in nature * inborn, exiting since birth 3. find fault with: tnd things wrong wih sbfsth be sb’ fault be to blame for sth fault (in the system): imperfection, flaw error = * mistake lapse = br fale; small mistake + passing of ime; tie required for sth to happen 4. exposed (to disease) leftunprotectod exposed (a double life: made a scott known ‘exposed film: uncovered fm to light luneovored = + removed te cover of sth _* ciscovered: found out sh Kept secret or unknown, revealed = « alloviod or caused sth tobe soon» ads information known front: apparenly respectable parsorlgoupfousinese used a3 a cover for secrevilogl actives 4 cold front: border between two masses ofc of cferent lemperalure or pressure come to the front: come fo the line of fighting during a war cover = © protective top + font and back of a book, magazino, oto. * shelter; sth that provides protecton «sth hiding a secret legal business acting as cisqulss for itegal one face = * front part or suface of sth.» look; expression «font part of head from chin to halrine 6. figuro of speech: example of figurative (metapherical Use of words publle figure: woltknown or important person keep one's figure: malntain an atvactely thin body futline = * shape of sivsb _« plan, ft of man topics ofa tet or speech form'= © shape of ebisth* Kind; so type. blark document with spaces to be fled wth informationUse oF ENGLISH CAPPED SENTENCES (WITH CoMIoN WORD) '* Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all throe sentences. (vasedon DO exoressions, (BE) AT exwressons, BODY PARTS idoms) 1, He asked her to. ENE bim the newspaper Under no circumstances would the terrorists itto him. He always hes an answer for everthing. over theirhostages. must 2. Will you teach me that card EK ns SOW? My brother doesn't miss a. ‘when it comes to maklig money. Allie bit of glue wil 60 the wc. ABCK..nn and your teapot willbe as good as ever, Mum. We went of onmnandQf ..a8 itwas such a beautiful day. Ho stood a te vnnnul ‘ofthe sts and gazed upwards. Wel you realy put your Ini: that was our now boss. She was ata .. loss. for words wen she heard the news, The ‘ot his child was a greet ow to him. If sell the house now, will make a profit or a. FEE san 8, I don't think | could M8. ‘without my mobile phone now. Don't forget to Up your coat its freezing outside. He promised hel... ‘everthing within his power to help you Iwas a my Wit. with wor by the time they found the chid, ityou're eta loose this evening, drop in fora game of chess. I'm going to putan to this situation, one way or another, SD ete Im going to the shops. Do you want to ke=p me wma Tanya's never at ease inthe... SMP... of sangers. Martha's unee has stated up anew : 2. There's nothing rare about it’ jut an. € 22 ‘That the sun moved round the Earth was.a ~- bali cantutes ago. ‘She has so litle in..697%700... wih him that's a wonder they‘ sil togethér. 2. Well ve done my best bu the bose issu to find... faut... wth my report, | told you the play started at eight sharp, so it’s your It. thet you missed the first act. ‘There's plenty of petro inthe car, s0 there must be a(n)... Ul... n th electrical system. "4, The power station. eloa nab to seus espa diseases, nce te cal nerpape «his secret double tie, the mayor resigned. _ You ..2%22824.. tefl too long Tplenelsian inthe photograph, {or hs legal activites. 3 Dra anit oso fom enor 5. Hs sop just. Acold General Franco came 0 nonnull luring the Spanish Civil Wer. 6. Asimie is cr figure... of speach where you say one thing is ike another, A publi... 9... such asa polticlan must expect fo have his private Ife scrutinised. Youll keep your . if you exercise and eat fower sweet things. * presence # association * company * common + normal natal ero faut * Tapse + exposed + uncovered * roveoed * cover + face font * outice * fue formpee tn JL Conrusine/RevateD Worns ‘* CHARACTER/PERSONALITY -MOOD- TEMPER + VIEW- SCENERY SCENE IGHT Travers With My AUNT Travelling with my aunt is no fun, but | needed a change of scenery, so laét year we took a train trip through the Canadian Rockies: You never know whal mood my aunt js going to be In tom one minute tothe next and she loses her temper atthe drop ofa hat. She has a ery strong character and takes the view that the whole ‘Word Is thereto serve her. Wherever we stopped she made a scene about something - the hotel food, the lack of her favourte newspaper, even the weather. She always set her sights on the best room in any ofthe hotels \We stayed in, and | shall never forget her chasing the hotel manager through the dining room because he had {forgotten to put fresh flowers on our table, Next year wee planning to go to italy together. Wish me luck! ** change of scenery: something new * (be) In a mood: have a particular feeling t Stop making (cod)bedlstangel. Sora # lose one’s temper: getangry oc fitioss my ‘* strong character/personality: alot of character(personality ee * take the view: belve mor srgung ‘¢ make a scene: cause trouble _ over a brush * set one's sights on: decide whichiwhat you want CHARACTER ‘TEMPER (vin) SCENERY PERSONALITY * temper your * part ofthe scenery * cash of fangiacs * Spéctatular scenery personalities © have @ temper SCENE © bea personality '* be inatemper '* behind the scenes: © infout of character change of scene main character VIEW (in) # sotthe scene *onview a moon . r dew enh ‘© catch sight of ‘* bein the mood to full view * infout of sight * inno mood to ‘take adimviewof jose sight of © set the mood: ‘© with a view to. * know by sight Mca cLozE Test In (9). ~ Of the increasing violence in our towns the President has decided to impose a ‘curfew. If government soldiers 80 much as catch (2) ‘ .. of any troublemakers, they have been authorised to shoot and ask questions later. The Prosident 18 In 0 (9)e.n M204 un {0 be threatened by mob violence. Talks behind the (4). NES... With the rebels have So far produced few resulis, The well-known (6).....RefS0nallt.... dash between the President and the rebel leader is not making things easier. The international community has urged both sides to (6). ww thelr demands in the hope of an eventual ceasefire. 1. asight = @view 6, mood -—d. agreement 2 a.scene —b, look sight — i, seeing 3. @mood —b. view —g. temper d. idea 4, a.view — @)scenes —_«. sconery _d. character 5, a, character b mood, enemy @) personality 6; a loss @ torpor atc satTEACHER'S GUIDE CONFUSING/RELATED WoRDS DEFINITIONS AND SAMPLE SENTENCES (CHARACTER/PERSONALITY ® clash of personalities: encounter between people whose characters/overall behaviour conflict, ‘She did't last long at that job because there was a real personaly clash between her and her boss. ‘* be a personality: be a celebrity; Several televston personals were invited to raise funds for charity. * In/out of character: typical of/unike one's usual behaviour twas quite In character for Sally to walk away mad {Tom's remark wes quite out of character. ‘* main character: central person in a book, fim, play, television show, etc; I found it easy to identity with the main character of the book. oon ‘* be In the mood to: have the proper state of mind for doing sth; Are you in the mood to see a film tonight? ‘In. mood to (also In no mood for): not feel lke doing; I'm ia no mood to argueftor arguing. ‘set the mood: establish the proper environment for doing sthi-He was hoping the low lights and soft ‘music would set the mood fora romantic evening. ‘TEMPER * temper your language: soften/make less severe your way of sayinglexpressing sth; He criticised the government harshly ia private, but tempered his language considerably when addressing Parliament. .* have a temper: have the potential of becoming very angry: Lloyd has a real temper, so don't do anything to get him angry. 7 © Ina temper. in an angry state of mind; The boss is ina temper foday so you'd bast avoid him. view ‘© on view: visible; on public display; The artist's latest works willbe on view at the museum next month. '* view sth with: consider sth/sb from a specified perspective; Economists viewed the drep in consumer ‘buying with some concem, suggesting the economy was heading toward a recession. * In full view: totaly visible; The murder was committed in full view ofthe townspeople. « take a dim view of: regaid sth skepticaly or pessimistcally; My grandmother takes @ dim view of ‘computers and anything high tech. ‘© with a view to: with the intention of; He retumed to university witha view to getting an additional degree. Scenny © part of the scer (part of the) natural surroundings, trees, mountains, etc. of an area; The part of the scenery he enoyed mos! was the sow-cepped mounialns enveloped ins 'b) sbjsth that s a common sight in a place; Beggars are part of the scenery in India. ** spectacular scenery: inoredibly grand; awesome scenery; He was overwhelmed by the country's spectacular scenery and the hospitalty ofits people. vately; out of public view; As usual, it was the people who worked behind the ‘soenes that contributed most to our success. ‘* change of scene: different environment; Living and working in the city, they both enjoyed a change of ‘scene when going on holiday and invariably went off to the mountains. * set the scene: make ready, propare; Tho surprise aack on a commercial ther set the scene fo a long, Protracted chil war. lout catch sight of: get a gimpse of sb/sth brielly; A neighbour caught sight of the burglar as he was leaving the house. '* In/out of sight: able/tinable to be seen; The approaching army is now in sight./The aeroplane that flew overhead is now out of sight * lose sight of:no longer be able to see; Marine biologists lost sight ofthe school of whales they had been {ollovrng. |e seems to have lost sight of his original goats and is undecided about what to 00, ® know by sight: know the name and recognise the face of sb; ve never met her but I know her by sight. aR DE 0 PERIL TOE FTESI TEACHER'S GUIDE (@Y nica croze test: KEY & ANALYSIS. A DEPRESSING VIEW 1. b, view (meaning in context; balcony suggests a vantage point, consistent with the meaning of view which Is the way sth looks from a place, and its use after with which suggests possession as in have 2 view of; scene is close in meaning, but as with scenery end sight would consiitute incorrect use being followed by of the lake 2. c, real (collocation) 3. a, mouth (diom p, 12:0) 4, b, temper (idiom p.14) 5. d. heart (idiom = sadly) 6. ¢. mood (expression: sink jnto a ...mood = become (+ adjective) ‘QA ica cloze rest: KEY & ANALYSIS PARENTAL Love 1. e. eatly (early on = at an early stage) 2. d, eritleal (+ in = very important in the process of.) 3. a, needed (collocative) b. secure, not secured «©. not idiomatic 4. cated for 4, ¢, establish (meaning in context: set down, form) 5. a. exposed (+ (0) , ¢, d: not idiomatic 6. b, bulld up (meaning in context: gradually strengthen) a. take up (a hobby): begin ©. come up (not transitive) d, tum up (inerease volume or intensity of; not idiomatic with resistance)READING GN nica cioze test A Depressine VIEW | stood on the balcony with its breathtaking (1)..n0.muMlQM, of thelake and the ficclad mountains beyond. 1 wes tying to find peace of mind. Eater that ‘morning, Jenny and | had had (0) (2).r0nnnf Aba fight. She had been OWN HE (Bannan lM. about something for days, and suddenly losing her (4 _, he had told me it was over. It had been with a HEAVY (Bp nnnn ACA, .. that | watched her leave, and | had sunk into a dark and despeting (5 4. a: scone ®vew c. sight 4. scenery 2, a, genuine true @real authentic 3.@ mouth bs. face ® lips dt. cheek 4. personaly temper ©. bans 4. ils 5. a, head mood @. mind @heat 6. a. character b. mind © moos temper Gj ca cioze rest PARENTAL Love Experts agroo that a parent's loving attention (1) mM. Chiles Ti 15 (2) nn nnn SEHGAL. nen i Helping that child stay off drugs in later years. Making children feel loved and (3). end spending time with them, develops a ielong sense of seltworth. Long before your children reach school age, (4). son family guidelines for behaviour: honesty, fariess, respect for ater peopie and the law. You can't pravent children from beng (@).-58%C..... to cig, bul you can male thom eirong on ina and (6). HP, et fesistance to harmful influences, 1. @, cecently » lately @eaty timely 2. a. main b. sarious ©. solemn @eitcar 3.@ neoded b. secured o. admitted . cared 2. direct b. manage ©estebish 4. publish 5.@ exposed 'b. nibited , displayed 4. shown 6. &. take up © buid vp ©. come up 4. tum up TS,