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Understanding IP and Subnetting

This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, specifically regarding subnetting and IP addresses. It defines what an IP address is and its structure as a 32-bit number separated into four 8-bit groups. It explains what subnets are and their use for dividing large networks into smaller, more manageable subnets. It also demonstrates how to decode a subnet using CIDR notation, showing an example of a /26 subnet that allows for 64 IP addresses. The document concludes by listing the three private IP address ranges.

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Srikanth
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92 views11 pages

Understanding IP and Subnetting

This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, specifically regarding subnetting and IP addresses. It defines what an IP address is and its structure as a 32-bit number separated into four 8-bit groups. It explains what subnets are and their use for dividing large networks into smaller, more manageable subnets. It also demonstrates how to decode a subnet using CIDR notation, showing an example of a /26 subnet that allows for 64 IP addresses. The document concludes by listing the three private IP address ranges.

Uploaded by

Srikanth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking

Fundamentals

Understanding
subnetting in
networking
By Srikanth Dusa
What is an IP address ?

What you Skeleton of an IP address.

need to What are subnets and its use-case?

know ? How to decode a subnet using CIDR notation ?


What is an IP address ?

An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is like a unique digital address for your device on
the internet.

An IP address helps information find its way to your computer, phone, or any other internet-
connected device you're using.

It's a string of numbers separated by periods, like 127.0.0.1, that identifies your device to other
devices on the network.
Skeleton of an IP address.
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

10 . 236 . 56 . 24

0-255 0-255 0-255 0-255

An IP address is a 32 bit number where each decimal place represented in 8 bit.

Each 8 bit holds 0-255 unique decimal values.

A 32 bit IPv4 address holds around 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.


What are subnets and its use-case?

A subnet, or subnetwork, is a logical division of a larger IP network into smaller, more


manageable networks. Its like dividing a large apartment building into individual
apartments.

Subnets create boundaries between different groups of devices, making it easier to control
access and restrict unauthorized traffic flow.

Subnetting allows for more efficient allocation of IP addresses within a network. Instead of
assigning a large block of addresses to the entire network, subnets can be assigned smaller
address blocks, preventing unnecessary waste and maximizing address utilization.
10.236.3.0/26
VNet/VPC
10.236.0.0/16

subnet 1

10.236.4.0/28

subnet 2
How to decode a subnet using
CIDR notation ?
10.236.56.0 /26

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) range is a way to express a subnet's address range and
the number of IP addresses it contains, combining the IP address with its subnet mask in a single
notation.

CIDR notation is written as an IP address followed by a slash (/) and a number, indicating the
number of bits in the network portion of the address.
How to decode a subnet using
CIDR notation ?
10.236.56.0 /26

Total IP Address is always 32 bit decimal number.


As per the given IP, 26 bits are occupied by network.
Remaining are 6 bits. I..e 32-26=6 Bits.
Total IP addresses possible for /26 CIDR are 64 unique IP addresses. i..e
2^6=64.
In a subnet, 1st IP assigned as network address and last IP assigned as
broadcast address. So total usable IP addresses are 62.
Private IP Ranges
IP address range Number of addresses

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 16777216

172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 1048576

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 65536


Do you have
any questions?
I hope you learned something new.
Thank you.. 🙂

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