Module 7 – Legal, ethical and societal 3.
Communication to the public or
issues in media and information communicate to the public – The
making of the work available to
Intellectual property – defined by the
the public by wire or wireless
World Intellectual Property
means in such a way that
Organization (WIPO), is the “creation of
members of the public may
the mind, such as inventions, literary
access these works from a place
and artistic works, designs, symbols,
and time individually chosen by
names used in commerce”.
them
Laws are enacted to enforce respect 4. Public lending – The transfer
and recognition towards the fruits of possession of the original or a
other people’s ingenuity. copy of a work or sound
recording for a limited period.
WIPO – is the global forum for the 5. Public performance – In the case
intellectual property services, policy, of the work other than an
information, and cooperation. audiovisual work, recitation,
In the Convention Establishing the playing, dancing, acting, or
World Intellectual Property Organization otherwise performing the work,
signed at Stockholm on 14 July 1967 either directly or by means of any
and amended on 28 September 1979, it device or process.
has been agreed among the state 6. Published works – Works, which
signatories that the WIPO will be with consent of the authors, are
“responsible for the promotion and made available to the public by
protection of the intellectual property wire or wireless.
throughout the world” 7. Rental – The transfer of the
possession of the original or a
Copyright – mainly the protection of copy of a work or a sound
one’s expressions which is only become recording for a limited period of
tangible and concrete when objects are time, for profit making purposes.
created manifestation of these 8. Reproduction – The making of 1
expressions. It does not cover ideas, or more copies of a work or a
procedures, methods of operation or sound recording in any manner or
mathematical concepts. form.
Two types of rights under copyright law 9. Work of applied art – An artistic
creation with utilitarian functions
1. Economic rights – the rights of an or incorporated in a useful article,
owner/author to be properly whether made by hand or
compensated financially upon his/her produced on an industrial scale.
permission for the work to be used by 10. Work of the government of the
another. Philippines – A work created by
2. Moral rights – the rights to non- an officer or employee of the
economic interests of the author. Philippines Government or any of
its subdivisions and
Republic act 8293 – The Intellectual instrumentalities.
Property Code of 1997
Terms related to copyright: Works that are not covered by
copyright:
1. Author – The natural person who
has created the work. 1. Unprotected Subject Matter
2. Collective work – A work which 2. Works of the Government
has been created by 2 or more
natural persons
Mike Reed – has come up with a list of Plagiarism – taking over the ideas,
online discussion archetypes known to methods, or written words of another,
cyber communities as Flame Warriors without acknowledgement and with the
Intention that they be taken as the work
Netiquette – refers to observing proper
of the deceiver.
etiquette as you engage in activities
over the internet. Types of plagiarism
Cyberbullying – is a type of offensive Sources not cited;
action toward another which takes place
1. The Ghost writer - The writer
using electronic energy.
turns in another’s work, word-for-
Cyberbullies – anonymously post hateful word as his or her own.
and mean messages and images and 2. The Photocopy – The writer
can reach other people very quickly. copies significant portions of the
text straight from a single source,
Internet – has introduced a whole new
without alteration.
experience to human civilization.
3. The Potluck Paper - The writer
IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) – is an tries to disguise plagiarism by
impulse control problem. copying from several different
sources, tweaking the sentences
1. Cybersex Addiction – compulsive to make them fit together while
use of Internet pornography, adult retaining most of the original
chat rooms, or adult fantasy role- phrasing.
plays impacting negatively on 4. The Poor Disguise -The writer
real-life intimate relationships. altered the paper’s appearance
2. Cyber-relationship addiction - slightly by changing key words
addiction to social networking, and phrases.
chat rooms, texting, and 5. The Labor of Laziness -The writer
messaging to the point where takes the time to paraphrase
virtual, online friends, become most of the paper from other
more important than real-life sources and make it all fit
relationships with family and together.
friends. 6. The Self stealer – The writer
3. Net compulsions – such as “borrows” generously from his or
compulsive online gaming, her previous work.
gambling, stock trading, and job-
related problems. Sources Cited:
4. Information overload –
1. The Forgotten Footnote – The
compulsive web surfing or
writer mentions an author’s name
database searching, leading to
for a source, but neglects to
lower work productivity and less
include specific information on
social interaction with family and
the location of the material
friends.
referenced.
5. Computer addiction – obsessive
2. Misinformer – The writer provides
playing of off-line computer
inaccurate information regarding
games or obsessive computer
the sources making it impossible
programming.
to find them.
Internet addiction – is often triggers 3. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase –
by factors sch as stress, anxiety, The writer properly cites a
depression, some other forms of source, but neglects to put
addiction, lack of social support, quotations mark text that has
inactivity, and unhappiness. been copied word-for-word, or
close to it.
- Products sold or services offered
4. The Resourceful Citer – The by a business entity
writer properly cites all sources,
paraphrasing and using 4. Industrial Design – Constitutes
quotations properly but the paper the ornamental or aesthetic
contains almost no original work. aspect of an article/object
5. The Perfect Crime – The writer
properly quotes and cites sources - Design of an object (shape or
in some places, but goes on to surface, patterns, lines or colors)
paraphrase other arguments from
those sources without citation. 5. Geographical Indication and
Application of Origin – Sign used
Basic Human Values: on goods that have a specific
geographical origin and possess
1. Truth-telling qualities, a reputation or
2. Justice characteristics that are essentially
3. Freedom attributable to that place of origin.
4. Humaneness
5. Stewardship
- The name of the place of origin
of the goods/products
Types of Intellectual property
1. Copyright – legal term used to
Original works
describe the rights that creators
have over their literary and artistic - Books, pamphlets, articles, and
works. other writings
- Periodicals and newspapers
- Books
- Music
- Paintings Derivative works
- Sculptures - Dramatizations, translations,
- Films adaptations, abridgments,
- Computer Programs arrangements
- Databases
- Advertisements
- Maps Flame Wars – is a valuable intellectual
- Technical drawings commodity, thus, you are expected to
consume information as responsibly as
possible
2. Patent – Provides the patent
owner with the right to decide Internet users (netizens) is the term
how or whether, the invention can flamer defined as someone who
be used by others in exchange knowingly attacks other netizens, or
for this right. expresses in aggressive manner his
opinion on controversial issues.
- Exclusive right granted for an 1. Flame
invention 2. Flame War
3. Troll
3. Trademark – A sign capable of 4. Flaming
distinguishing goods or services
of one enterprise from those of
other enterprises.
