Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Risk Factors Underlying
Disasters
Disaster Readiness
Readiness and Risk Reductio
Reductio n
Al ter nativ
nat iv e Deliver
Deli ver y Mode
Mo de
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

Republi c Ac t 8293,
8293, secti
secti on 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines.
Philippines . However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things,
t hings, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary:
Undersecretar y: Diosdado
Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Rodgem A. Barairo

Ginalyn H. Aquino
Editors::
Editors Ma. Fe Lorelei E. Amon
Anne Marielle
Marielle R. Del Mundo
Mundo
Vanessa R. Ambas
Reviewers:: Dolorosa S. De Castro
Reviewers
Cristeta M. Arcos
Richard Brian L. Tutor
Illustrator: Leumel M. Cadapan
Ronan DC Vergara
Layout Artist: Leumel M. Cadapan
Maria Elinor F. Hemedes
Management
Manage ment Team:
Wilfredo E. Cabral

Job S. Zape
Eugenio Jr.
S. Adrao
Elaine T. Balaogan
Rosemarie D. Torres
Ernesto D. Lindo
Dolorosa S. De Castro
Cristeta M. Arcos

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department
Department of Education – Region IV-A
IV-A CALAB ARZON

Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan

Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal

Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/
02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph/ ict.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Risk Factors Underlying
Disasters
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Grade 11/12) Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Risk Factors Underlying Disasters!

This module was collaborat

collaboratively
ively designed, developed, and reviewe
reviewed
d by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independen
independentt
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains
contains helpful tips or stra
strategies
tegies that
will help you in
i n guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the
t he tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Alternative- Grade 11/12
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Risk Factors Underlying Disasters!

The content of the modules are activities that focus in providing concrete
understanding and application of scientific knowledge on Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction and the solution of practical problems ini n a physical environment. It
is designed to bridge
b ridge the gap between theoretic
theoretical
al science and daily living, where the
learners can answer the activities at their own pace within the specified time
allotment to complete a specific section of self-learning material on a particular
content.

Indeed, learning is fun! So, make the most meaningful journey towards independent
learning and self-discovery of knowledge.

This module has

has the foll
following
owing parts and corre
corresponding
sponding ic
icons:
ons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies
competenci es you are expected to learn in the

module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More
This comprises activities for indepen
independent
dent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph
sentence/paragr aph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

iii
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. T This
his also tends reten
retention
tion of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this

t his module you will also find:

References This is a list of al

alll sources used in developing
this module.

The following are some remin

reminders
ders in us
using
ing this mo
module:
dule:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/fac
teacher/facilitator
ilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module is intended to help you understa

understand
nd the ris
risk
k factors underlying disasters.
This course focuses on the application of scientific knowledge and the solution of
practical problems in a physical environment.

After going through this module, you are

ar e expected to:
1. identify the risk factors underlying disasters
disasters..
2. describe each Risk factors underlying disasters.
3. utilize the gained knowledge in real life situations to avoid harm and assure
safety.
4. appreciate the importance of understanding the risk factors underlying disasters
to mitigate the effects of disaster and practice mitigation measures as early as
necessary.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write

Writ e the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following is the process or condition

condition,, often d
developmen
evelopment-related,
t-related, that
influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and
vulnerability or reducing capacity?
a. risk factor
b. disaster risk
c. natural hazard
d. man-made hazard

2. Which of the following is NOT an element which causes disaster?

a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability

2
3. Which of the following BEST describes hazard?
a. loss of life or injury naturally
b. a phenomenon or human activity
c. potentially damaging physical event
d. reduction of vulnerability and exposure

4. Which of the following risk factors BEST describes the cause of COVID-19
pandemic?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. globalized economic development
d. poorly- planned and managed urban development

5. It refers to the changes that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to

human activity altering the composition of the global atmosphere and
additionally to the natural climate variability observed over comparable
periods of time”?
a. deforestation
b. climate change
c. global warming
d. carbon footprint

6. How will reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure be possible?

a. proper knowledge on disaster risk
b. potentially damaging physical even
c. increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
d. by keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards

7. Which of the following risk factors affect with inequality?

a. poverty
b. climate change
c. weak governance
d. globalized economic development
8. Unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing
disaster risk unit, falls under which of the following risk factors?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

9. Which among the groups suffer more adverse effects when an earthquake
causing disaster occurs?
a. men and women
b. children and women

c.
d. old
old persons
persons and
and women
children

3
10. The occurrence
occurrence of landsli
landslides
des in the Philippin
Philippines
es is increasing.
increasing. This
This
kind of disaster will fall under which of the following risks?
a. poverty and inequality
b. climate change and weak governance
c. climate change and environmental degradation
d. climate change and globalized economic development

11. The ages below are average years ranges affec

affected
ted by specific situations
situations
happening as a disaster occurs. Which of the following age ranges are
“Most Stressed-
Stressed-Out” after a disaster according to Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC)?
a. 16-20
b. 20-30
c. 30-40
d. 40-60

12. Which of the following risk factors is the result in an increased

polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale?
a. climate change
b. poverty and inequality
c. environmental degradation
d. globalized economic development

13. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the worst outcomes

when a disaster happened?
a. displacement
b. can handle stress
c. death of someone close
d. massive loss of property

14. Who among the following groups of people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed
hazard-expo sed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reduci
risk-reducing
ng measures
based on most studies in Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)?
a. middle class
b. senior citizens
c. young professionals
professionals
d. impoverished people

15. It is a risk factor that is both a driver and a consequence of disasters,

reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological
needs, what is it?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

4
 Lesson
Differentiating Risk Factors
Differentiating
1 Underlying Disaster

In this module, the learner will understand that disaster can bring about
many devastating effects. Upon identifying the risk factors underlying disaster, this
will provide ideas to mitigate the effects of disasters that can lead to death,
destruction of infrastructures, loss of livelihoods, and even non-physical events like
emotional and psycholo
p sychological
gical aspects.

What’s In

At Risk…

Disaster can affect everyone. It does not discriminate between and among
social classes, gender, creed, race, and nationality. But certain risk factors put those
affected in a position where they will have graver or longer-lasting post-disaster
stress reactions. These aggravating factors contribute to evident differences in the
stress reactions of certain individuals with certain characteristics.

Activity 1.1:
Direction: Read the scenario below. Based on your understanding of disaster from
the previous module, enumerate or list down the risks that are reflected from the
text.

Gina, an 18-year-old resident of

Tacloban City, just got laid off from
her job as a sales clerk in a medium-
sized hardware store. She and her
siblings could barely survive each
day with their limited resources.
Then Typhoon Yolanda struck, it
killed her 2 younger sisters. Their
home was destroyed by the storm
surge. In her barangay alone, 2000
residents were killed, including her
childhood friends and former
Composite Art Background:
playmates. Medico International (2013) Taifun-Nothilfe Philippinen
2013. Photograph. https://www.flickr.com/photos/
35576425@N08/11190702586 Licensed underCC BY-SA
2.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/?
ref=ccsearch&atype=rich

5
 Identified Risks:

1. __________________
__________________________________
________________ 4. _________________
__________________________________
_________________
2. __________________
__________________________________
________________ 5. _________________
__________________________________
_________________
3. __________________
__________________________________
________________

What’s New

Activity 1.2 Identifying Risk Factors

Direction: Read the news article about an earthquake. After you have read the
article, answer the guide questions.

6.4-Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Southern Philippines

MANILA • A strong 6.4-magnitude
6.4-magnitude earthquake shook the southern Philippines
yesterday, sending frightene
frightened
d residen
residents
ts fleeing from buildings, officials and
eyewitnesses said.

The quake struck

struck off the coast of the souther
southern
n town o
off Manay at 3.16 pm at a depth
of 14km, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) said in
a statement.

While there were no immediate reports of serious destruction, the institute said it
expects the earthquake to have caused some damage.

A lot of people ran from their homes because a lot of items were falling inside," The
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a service institute
of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is principally mandated to
mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and
other related geotectonic phenomena. PHIVOLCS science researcher John Deximo
said.

The Philippines lies on the so-called Ring of Fire, a vast Pacific Ocean region wh
where
ere
many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

At least two people were killed and scores injured when a 6.5-magnitude quake
struck the central Philippines in July last year.

The most recent major quake to hit the Philippines was in 2013, when a 7.1-
magnitude quake left more than 220 people dead and destroyed historic churches in
the central islands.

France-Presse,
ASIA,Agence, “6.4-Magnitude
“6.4-Magnitude
09 September 2018, SGTEarthquake Shakes Southern
Southern Philippines”THE STRAIT TIMES
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/64-magnitude-
earthquake-shakes-southern-philippines

6
Guide Questions:
1. What risk/s can you identify from the news article?
________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________
_______________________
__________
________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________
_______________________
__________
________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
________________________________
________________________
__________
2. What do you think are the factors that affect the disaster risks from the preceding

article?
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
__________
________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
________________________________
________________________
__________
________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________
_______________________
__________

What is It

RISK FACTORS

Disaster risk as defined in the first module, has three important elements
such as:
1. Exposure - the “elements at risk from a natural or man-made
man -made hazard event
(Quebral, 2016).
2. 2. Hazard-a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or
human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and
economic disruption, or environmen
environmental
tal degrada
degradation.
tion.
3. Vulnerability - the condition determined by physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community
to the impact
i mpact of hazard (Food and Agriculture Organ
Organization
ization of the United nation, FAO

2008).
Reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure is possible by keeping
people and property as distant as possible from hazards. We can not avoid natural
events from occurring, but we can concentrate on addressing the reduction of risk
and exposure by determining the factors causing disasters.
Risk Factors are processes or conditions, often development-related, that
influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability
or reducing capacity.
The following are also taken into considera
consideration
tion when risk factors underlying
disaster are involved:
⚫ Severity of exposure - which measures those who experience disaster first-

hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems,
followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and

3
 health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those
who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
⚫ Gender and Family - the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This
worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed
under strain.
⚫ Age - adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but

in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.
Magbool, Irfan, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 31 December 2012,
https://www.adpc.net/igo/contents/adpcpage.asp?pid=1266&dep=RIG

⚫ Economic status of country - evidence indicates that severe mental

problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries
like the Philippines. Furthermore,
Further more, it has been observed that natural disasters
tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-
caused disasters in developed countries.
Magbool, Irfan, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 31 December 2012,
https://www.adpc.net/igo/contents/adpcpage.asp?pid=1266&dep=RIG

Factors which underlie disasters:

1. Climate Change - can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering the
frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and
changing exposure patterns.
patte rns. For most people, the expression “climate change” means
the alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing such as burning of
fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices
p ractices that increase the carbon footprint and
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is in line with the official
definition by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) that climate change is the change that can be attributed “directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and
which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time

periods”
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, “Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Reduction”, September 2008
https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/vcp/documents/7607_Climate-Change-DRR.pdf

2. Environmental Degradation - changes to the environment can influence the

frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerabili
vulnerability
ty to these
hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide
hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges
(UNISDR, 2009b). It is both a driver and consequence of disasters, reducing the
capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological needs. Over consumption
of natural resources results in environmental degradation, reducing the effectiveness
of essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of floods and landslides. This

4
leads to increased risk from disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further
degrade the environment.

Prevention Web. Editor, “Environmental Degradation”,

Degradation”, Prevention Web. The Knowledge
Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, 12 November 2015
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/environmental-degradation

3. Globalized Economic Development - It results in an increased polarization

between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of
assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an
opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed. By participating in risk-
sensitive development strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure,
environmental management, and upgrading informal settlements, risk can be
reduced. Dominance and increase
increa se of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected
to have increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013).

Prevention Web. Editor, “Globalized Economic Development”, Prevention Web. The

Knowledge Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, 12 November 2015
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/globalized-economic-development

4. Poverty and Inequality - Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-
exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of
access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often
forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them
into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a cause and consequence of disaster
risk (Wisner et al., 2004), particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard
most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al., 2013). The impact of disasters
on the poor can, in addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total loss of
livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food insecurity, among other consequences.
Vulnerability is not simply about poverty, but extensive research over the past 30
years has revealed that it is generally the poor who tend to suffer worst from disasters
(DFID, 2004; Twigg, 2004; Wisner et al., 2004; UNISDR, 2009b).
Prevention Web. Editor, “Poverty and inequality”, Preventi
Prevention
on Web.
The Knowledge
Knowledge PPlatform
latform for
for Disaster
Disaster Risk Reduction,
Reduction, 12 November
November
2015 https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/poverty-inequality

5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development - A new wave of urbanization

is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient
investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated
in cities. The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in
cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly
planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty. Growing concentrations

5
of people and economic activities in many cities are seen to overlap with areas of
high-risk exposure.
Prevention Web editor, “Poorly planned and managed urban development “, P revention Web. The
Knowledge Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, 12 November 2015
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/poorly-planned-managed-urban-development

6. Weak Governance - weak governance zones are investment environments in

which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Disaster risk is disproportiona
disproportionately
tely concentrated in lower-income countries with weak
governance (UNISDR, 2015a). Disaster risk governance refers to the specific
arrangements that societies put in place to manage their disaster risk (UNISDR,
2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in
UNISDR, 2015a). This reflects
refl ects how risk is valued against a backdrop of broader social
and economic concerns (Holley et al., 2011).
Prevention Web. Editor, “ ”Prevention Web. The Knowledge Platform for Disaster Risk
Reduction. Nov. 12, 2015 https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/weak-governance

Certain factors are related to a survivor’s background and recovery recovery is

hampered if survivors: were not functioning well before the disaster; have no
experience dealing with disasters; must deal with other stressors
st ressors after the disaster;
have low self-esteem; feel uncared for by others; think they exercise little control over
what happens to them; and unable to manage stress.
More factors contributory to worse outcomes: death of someone close; injury
to self or family member; life threat; panic, horror, or similar feelings; separation
from family; massive loss of property; and displacement.

6
 What’s More

Activity 1.3: What is the Risk Factor?

Direction: Analyze the given situation by identifying the correct risk factor. Write
only the letter that corresponds to your answer. To facilitate your task, accomplish
the given table below:

A. Climate Change

B. Environmental Degradation

C. Globalized Economic Development

D. Poverty and Inequality

E. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development

F. Weak Governance

Situation Factor Underlying

Disaster

unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities

in governing disaster risk department

rising sea levels

cities located in low-altitude estuaries such as Marikina
City, Philippines are exposed to sea-level
sea -level rise and
flooding.
houses are built with lightweight materials

effects in developing countries

deforestation that can lead to landslide

global Warming
garbage slide killed that over 200 people in an informal
settlement in Manila, the Philippines,
fragmented respons
fragmented responsibilities
ibilities for drought risk
management

7
 Stop and Reflect

Now review your previous activities 1.3. Do you think that the given
ideas/concepts
ideas/conc epts are clear for you to differentiate risk factors underlying
disasters? Agree or Disagree?

What I Have Learned

Exit Ticket

Have you learned so much from this module? What are the three things
that you learned today? What are the two things you found interesting?

3 Things I learned Today 1. ____________

_________________________
___________________________
______________
2. __________
_____________________
______________________
__________________
_______

3. __________
_____________________
______________________
___________________
________

2 Things I Found Interesting 1. ____________

_________________________
________________________
___________
What I Can2. Do
_____________________
________________________________
_______________
____

1 Question I have 1. _____________

__________________________
___________________________
______________

Now that you have already learned and understand the lessons, focusing on risk
factors underlying disasters. It is time to work to demonstrate your learning gains.
Are you ready? Sure, you are!

8
Activity 1.4 Am I Ready?
Direction: Suppose you are invited by the SK Chairman in your barangay as a
resource speaker to your fellow age group during an Environmental Awareness
Activity and you were asked to give emphasis on the risk factors underlying disasters
so that young people will be equipped with knowledge on how to mitigate the effects
of a disaster. Have a concept in mind of how you are going to deliver the information.
Write down what you want to deliver to the audience. The given rubrics below will be
used for scoring.

Rubrics for creating a speech.

4 3 2 1

The speech isis The speech is

is
The speech The speech is
is
on topic but on topic and
adheres to neither on topic
Content the the
the nor has
substance is substance is
theme/topic. substance.
satisfactory. fair.

Ideas and pieces

Some pieces
The speech isis of of information
very well seem to be
Organization Clear words information
organized randomly
of Thoughts are used. are not clear
and arranged and
and hard to
informative. improvement is
follow.
needed.

Cox, Janelle. "Writing Rubrics." ThoughtCo, Feb. 19, 2020, thoughtco.com/writing-

rubric-2081370.

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write

Writ e the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which of the following is the process or condition, often development-

related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of
exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity?
a. risk factor
b. disaster risk
c. natural hazard
d. man-made hazard

9
2. Which of the following is NOT an element which causes disaster?
a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability

3. Which of the following BEST describes hazard?

a. loss of life or injury naturally
b. a phenomenon or human activity
c. potentially damaging physical event
d. reduction of vulnerability
vulnerability and exposure

4. Which of the following risk factors BEST describes the cause of COVID-
19 pandemic?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. globalized economic development
d. poorly- planned and managed urban development

5. It refers to the changes that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to

human activity altering the composition of the global atmosphere and
additionally to the natural climate variability observed over comparable
periods of time”?
a. deforestation
b. climate change
c. global warming
d. carbon footprint

6. How will reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure be possible?

a. proper knowledge on disaster risk
b. potentially damaging physical even
c. increase the susceptibility
susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
d. by keeping people and property as distant as possible from
hazards

7. Which of the following risk factors affect with inequality?

a. poverty
b. climate change
c. weak governance
d. globalized economic development

10
8. Unwillingness to assume their roles and responsibilities in governing
disaster risk unit, falls under which of the following risk factors?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

9. Which among the groups suffer more adverse effects when an earthquake
causing disaster occurs?
a. men and women
b. children and women
c. old persons and women
d. old persons and children

10. The occurrence

occurrence of landsli
landslides
des in the Philippi
Philippines
nes is increasing.
increasing. Th
This
is
kind of disaster will fall under which of the following risks?
a. poverty and inequality
b. climate change and weak governance
c. climate change and environmental degradation
d. climate change and globalized economic development

11. The ages below are average years ranges affec

affected
ted by specific situations
situations
happening as a disaster occurs. Which of the following age ranges are
“Most Stressed-
Stressed-Out” after a disaster according to Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC)?
a. 16-20
b. 20-30
c. 30-40
d. 40-60

12. Which of the following risk factors is the result in an increased

polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale?
a. climate change
b. poverty and inequality
c. environmental degradation
d. globalized economic development

13. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the worst outcomes

when a disaster happened?
a. displacement
b. can handle stress
c. death of someone close
d. massive loss of property

11
14. Who among the following groups of people are more likely to live in
hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing
measures based on most studies in Asian Disaster Preparedness Center
(ADPC)?
a. middle class
b. senior citizens

c.
d. young professionals
professionals
impoverished people

15. It is a risk factor that is both a driver and a consequence of disasters,

reducing the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological
needs, what is it?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

Additional Activitie
Activities
s

Activity 1.5 Fill Me!

Direction: Supply the missing letters to complete the word/s that described
the various effects of disaster. Statements are provided as clues.

1. The elements
elements at risk from a n
natural
atural or man-made hazard event.
event.

_X__S__E

2. These are processes or conditions

conditions,, often development-related,
development-related, that
influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and
vulnerability or reducing capacity.

D_S___E_ R___

12
3. The conditions determine
determined
d by physi
physical,
cal, social, economic, and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a
community to the impact of hazard.

_U_N__A__L__Y

4. Damage to both public and private infrastructures

I _F __ S_ R_ _T _R _ D __ A_ E

5. Many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions
which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health
care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water

P_ _E _T __ L D _S_ _A __M _N_

13
 Answer Key

D
. 51 D
. 51
D
. 41 D
. 41
B. 31 B. 31
B. 21 B. 21
D
. 11 D
. 11
C. 01 C. 01
A . 9 A . 9
C. 8 C. 8
E. 9
A . 7 A . 7
D. 8
D. 6 D. 6
A. 7
C. 5 C. 5
B. 6
C. 4 C. 4
C. 5
C. 3 C. 3
D. 4
C. 2 C. 2
E. 3
A . 1 A . 1
A. 2
F. 1
t ne mss ess A wo nk I t a h W
3. 1 yti vi t c A

T NE MECALPSI D L AI T NET OP. 5

E GA MA D E RUT CU RTS A RF NI . 4
YTI LI BA RENL UV. 3
KSI R RETS ASI D. 2
E RUS OP XE. 1

5. 1 yti vi t c A

14
References

France-Presse, Agence, “6.4

“6.4-Magnitude
-Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Southern Philippines” ,
09 September 2018. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/64-
magnitude-earthquake-shakes-southern-philippines

Magbool, Irfan, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC, 31 December 2012.

https://www.adpc.net/igo/contents/adpcpage.asp?pid=1266&dep=RIG

International Stratgegy for Disaster Reduction, “Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Reduction”, September 2008.
2008. https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra
/vcp / documents/7607_Climate-Change-DRR.pdf

Prevention Web. Editor, “Environmental Degradation”, 12 November 2015 .

2015.
https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/environmental-degradation

Prevention Web. Editor, “Globalized Economic Development”, 12 November 2015.

https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/globalized-economic-development

Prevention Web. Editor, “Poverty and inequality”, Prevention Web”, 12 November

2015. https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/poverty-inequality

Prevention Web editor, “Poorly

“Poorly planned and managed urban development “, 12
November 2015. https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/poorly-planned-
managed-urban-development

Prevention Web. Editor, “The Knowledge Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction”, 12
November 2015. https://www.preventionweb.net/risk/weak-governance

International Stratgegy for Disaster Reduction, “Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Reduction”, September 2008, https://www.wmo.int/pages
/prog/dra/vcp/documents/7607_Climate-Change-DRR.pdf

Patrick Mahar | Julia A. Lynch | Joseph Wathen | Eric Tham | Stephen Berman
|Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy | Allen G.K. Maina “Disasters and their
Effects on the Population: Key Concepts,” https://www.aap.org/en-
https://www.aap.org/en -

us/Documents/disasters_dpac_PEDsModule1.pdf

15
Magbool, Irfan, “Asian Disaster Preparedness Center”
Center ”, 31 December 2012,
https://www.adpc.net/igo/contents/adpcpage.asp?pid=1266&dep=RIG

Backer Jonathan, “Studies on Emergencies and Disaster Relief Guidance Note on

Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction in to the CCA and UNDAF ”, UNDG
p.107, https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/97142/10

/10_chapter%202.pdf

Cox, Janelle. "Writing Rubrics." ThoughtCo, Feb. 19, 2020, thoughtco.com/writing-

rubric-2081370.




For inqui ries or feedback,

feedback, ple
please
ase write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph

blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr
blr.lrpd@deped.gov
.lrpd@deped.gov.ph
.ph

16