1. Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature.

They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature.

These nerve endings represent a(n) ______ in the negative feedback
mechanism
a. Effector
b. Receptor
c. Homeostatic balance or “ideal” value
d. Control center
2. The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
a. Responsiveness
b. Biology
c. Disease
d. Adaptability
e. Homeostasis
3. Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ____ that detects a particular
stimulus, and a(n) that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n)
_____ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus
a. Effector; receptor; control center (integrating center)
b. Effector, control center (integrating center); receptor
c. Receptor; effector; control center (integrating center)
d. Control center (integrating center); receptor; effector
e. Receptor, control center (integrating center); effector
4. The smallest living unit within the human body is
a. The cell
b. An organ system
c. An organ
d. A tissue
e. A protein
5. A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to
perform specific functions for the body is a(n)
a. Complex tissue
b. Complex cell
c. Organ system
d. Organ
6. The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body
temperature is the
a. Temperature receptor
b. Skin
c. Thermostat
d. Brain
e. Positive feedback center
7. A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative
feedback is termed a(n)
 a. Thermoregulator
b. Stimulus
c. Receptor
d. Control center (regulation center)
e. Effector
8. A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _____.
a. Blood calcium level regulation
b. Enhancement of labor contractions
c. Body temperature regulation
d. Regulating glucose levels in the blood
9. If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ______
feedback system
a. Polarized
b. Deficit
c. Positive
d. Negative
e. Neutral
10. Anatomy is to _____ as physiology is to ____.
a. Structure; form
b. Function; form
c. Structure; function
d. Growth; form
e. Form; structure
11. The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is
called ____ anatomy.
a. Gross
b. Systemic
c. Developmental
d. Microscopic
12. Starch is the stored carbohydrates in plants, while ____ is the stored
carbohydrate in animals.
a. Cellulose
b. Triglyceride
c. Glycogen
d. Glucose
13. A polysaccharide that is formed in muscle cells to store glucose is
a. Lactose
b. Cellulose
c. Sucrose
d. Fructose
e. Glycogen
14. What is the most important function of carbohydrates?
a. They act as enzymes
b. They are the primary energy source
c. To form and maintain the cell membrane
d. They are the building blocks of proteins
e. To provide the basic structure for all steroid hormones to be derived
15. The reaction N2 +3H2 —> 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)
a. Metabolic reaction
b. Decomposition reaction
c. Synthesis reaction
d. Exchange reaction
e. Enzyme reaction
16. Chemical reactions that require energy, such as photosynthesis, are referred to
as ____.
a. Exergonic
b. Enzymatic
c. Energetic
d. Metabolic
e. Endergonic
17. A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with ____.
a. Forming a smaller molecule
b. The release of energy
c. Degradation
d. The consumption of energy
18. Polar covalent bonds are caused by ____.
a. Two atoms exchanging electrons
b. Two atoms sharing electrons evenly
c. Two atoms sharing electrons unevenly
d. The attraction of two oppositely charged ions
19. Select the correct statement about chemical bonds.
a. The covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is nonpolar.
b. Nonpolar covalent bonds occur between atoms with different strengths
e.g., oxygen and hydrogen
c. A hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chloride ions to form salt
d. All covalent bonds involve exchanging electrons.
e. None of these are correct.
20. Hydrogen bonds are formed by…
a. Two atoms sharing electrons
b. The attraction of two oppositely charged ions
c. Opposing charges on two different molecules
d. Oxygen and hydrogen sharing an electron
21. Hydrogen bonds…
a. Are responsible for many of water’s special properties
b. Are important in forming protein structure
c. Are the same as ionic bonds
d. Both A and B are correct
e. These are all correct
22. Which of the following statements is/are true?
a. A negative ion has gained an electron
b. A positive ion has lost an electron
c. An atom is neutral if it has an equal number of protons and neutrons
d. Both A and B are correct
e. These are all correct
23. Ions are formed when:
a. Two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time
b. hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged ions
c. Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
d. Atoms share electrons
e. A pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms
24. What statement regarding saturated and unsaturated fat is correct?
a. Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond
b. Only unsaturated fatty acids can be used to form a triglyceride
c. Saturated fats are saturated with double bonds
d. In saturated fats, the fatty acids are very polar
25. In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ____.
a. Long fatty acid chains
b. A high degree of saturated bonds
c. A high degree of unsaturated bonds
d. A high water content
26. The basic steroid from which all others are formed is ….
a. Estrogen
b. Testosterone
c. Aldosterone
d. Cholesterol
27. The smallest stable units of matter are
a. Protons
b. Atoms
c. Molecules
d. Electrons
e. Neutrons
28. Kinetic energy…
a. Is increased if water is heated
 b. Can be stored in batteries and chemical bonds
c. Can be harnessed to do work
d. Both A and C are correct
e. These are all correct
29. DNA is different from RNA in that…
a. DNA is a single strand, while RNA is a double strand
b. DNA contains AUCG but RNA contains ATCG
c. RNA remains in the nucleus but DNA leaves the nucleus during protein
synthesis
d. RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose
30. A nucleotide consists of
a. A phosphate group and a nitrogen base
b. A five-carbon sugar and an amino acid
c. A five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base
d. A five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
e. A five-carbon sugar and phosphate group
31. As the pH of a solution decreases, ….
a. It’s acidity increases
b. It’s H+ ion concentration increases
c. It’s H+ ion concentration decreases
d. Both A and B are correct
e. Both A and C are correct
32. If the pH of a solution is 5, the hydroxide ion concentration is 10* (ten to the
negative…)
a. 5
b. 9
c. 10
d. 14
33. Of the following choices, the most acidic pH is…
a. 4.5
b. 2.3
c. 6.0
d. 8.0
34. Define pH
a. pH is the measure of blood pressure
b. pH is the measure of the temperature in a solution
c. pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
d. pH is a measure of the oxygen concentration in a solution
e. pH is a measure of the pressure of all the dissolved gases in a solution
35. If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
a. 37 protons and 37 neutrons
 b. 37 electrons
c. 37 protons and 37 electrons
d. 74 protons
36. The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
a. Size of the atom
b. Number of protons
c. Number of neutrons
d. Mass of the nucleus
e. Outermost electron shell
37. By weight, which element is the most abundant in the human body?
a. Nitrogen
b. Hydrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon
e. Calcium
38. Peptide bonds are formed between…
a. A sugar and a peptide
b. Two amino acids
c. Two simple sugars
d. A peptide and a fatty acid
e. Two nucleotides
39. Which structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a
polypeptide chain?
a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure
40. Protein structure…
a. Can be destroyed by denaturing with heat.
b. Includes functional/globular proteins, such as receptors
c. Includes the structural/globular proteins, such as receptors
d. Includes 3-dimensional, tertiary folding that determines the protein’s
structure and function
e. These are all correct
41. Which of the following is a result of convoluted coiling and folding that grands
protein its final three-dimensional shape
a. Quaternary structure
b. Pentagonal
c. Primary structure
d. Tertiary structure
e. Secondary structure
42. What are the 3 general parts of human cells?
a. Plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles
b. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
c. Plasma membrane, organelles, inclusions
d. Cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus
43. Compared to the extra cellular fluid, the cytosol…
a. Has a greater potassium ion concentration
b. Has a greater sodium ion concentration
c. Has fewer dissolved solutes
d. Has greater concentrations of both potassium and sodium ions
44. Which structures are finger like projections that greatly increase the absorbing
surface of cells?
a. Microvilli
b. Stereocilia
c. Primary cilia
d. Flagella
45. Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Protein synthesis in conjunction with ribosomes
b. Steroid-based hormone synthesis
c. Lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
d. Breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose
46. The cellular organelle(s) responsible for packaging and transporting proteins
is/are the
a. Golgi complex
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Microtubules
e. Ribosomes
47. Which of the following statements about water is not correct?
a. It contains hydrogen bonds
b. It has a relatively low heat capacity
c. It can dissolve many substances
d. It is composed of polar molecules
e. It is responsible for much of the mass of the human body
48. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
a. Water is the solvent of an aqueous solution
b. Substances that are water soluble are generally hydrophilic
c. Substances that are water soluble are generally polar
d. Both A and B are correct
e. These are all correct
49. Special thermal properties of water are due to…
 a. The small size of water
b. The fact that it takes little energy to get water molecules moving
c. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
d. Polar bonding between water molecules
50. Which of the following covalent bonds are nonpolar?
1) O - H
2) C - C
3) C - H
4) N - H
a. 1 & 4
b. 2 & 4
c. 1, 3, & 4
d. 2 & 3