BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

1 Which of the following phyla has largest number of species?

(a) Arthropoda (b) Echinodermata (c) Cephalochordata (d) Annelida
2 The numbers of National Parks, Biosphere and Wildlife sanctuaries of India were:
(a)90,14,448 (b) 158,62, 10 (c) 58, 412, 10 (d) 96, 412, 10
3 The term "The Evil Quartet" is related with
(a) four major causes of forest loss (b) four major causes of population explosion
(c) four major causes of air pollution (d) four major causes ef biodiversity losses.
4 Which species is most likely to-be positively selected by natural selection?
(a) One with a large gene pool
(b) One with a medium gene pool
(c) One with a small gene pool
(d) No correlation exists between gene pool and natural selection
5. Which species is most likely to-be positively selected by natural selection?
(a) One with a large gene pool
(b) One with a medium gene pool
(c) One with a small gene pool
(d) No correlation exists between gene pool and natural selection
6. Where was the World Summit on Sustainable Development held?
(a) South Africa (b) U.S.A. (c) South Korea (d) U.K.
7. Which of the following phyla has largest number of species?
(a) Arthropoda (b) Echinodermata (c) Cephalochordata (d) Annelida
8. Species diversity _____ as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) First increases then decreases (d) First decreases then increases
9. What is the affect of species diversity, as one moves from high to low altitudes.
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
(c) First increases then decreases (d) First decreases then increases
10. Which of the foiiowing is not an example of in-situ conservation?
(a) Biosphere Reserves (b) National Parks
(c) Wildlife Sanctuaries (d) Zoos and botanical gardens
11. What is Biodiversity referred to as?
(a) species in a region (b) genes & species in a region
(c) Genetic, species & ecological diversity in a region (d) Genes and species in an ecosystem
12. What are the total number of hot spots present in the world?
(a) 25 (b) 29 (c) 34 (d) 39
13. What is the approximate percentage of the earth covered by terrestrial hot spots?
(a) 1.5% (less than 2%) (b) 2.5% (c) 3.5% (d) 4.5%

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14. What is the decreasing order of number of animal species, as far as India is concerned?
(a) Mammals, Aves, Reptiles, Amphibia (b) Aves, Reptiles, Mammals, Amphibia
(c) Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibia, Aves (d) Reptiles, Amphibia, Mammals, Aves
15. Which one of the following are two hot spots of biodiversity in India?
(a) Western ghats & North eastern Himalayas (b) Deccan and Western Ghats
(c) Himalayan and Deccan Plateau (d) Western Ghats and Gangetic Plains
16. Wild life is destroyed mostly by-
(a) Lack of proper care (b) Mass scale Hurting
(c) Destruction of natural Habitats (d) Natural calamity
17. Troublesome American water used weed found in India is-
(a) Trapa (b) Cyperus (c) Typha (d) Eichormia
18. A B C
Animals Species Members Animals Species Members Animals Species Members
Bird I I Bird I 2 Bird I 2
Bird II 1 Bird II 2 Mammal 11 2
Bird III 4 Mammal III 2 Insect III 2
Which of the following boxes show maximum, greater and minimum diversity.
(a) A- Minimum diversity, B - Greater diversity, C - Maximum diversity
(b) A- Maximum diversity, B - Greater diversity, C - Minimum diversity
(c) A- Maximum diversity, B - Maximum diversity, C - Greater diversity :

(d) A- Minimum diversity, B - Maximum diversity, C - Greater diversity

19. Which of the following is NOT associated with small populations?
(a) Homozygosity can increase the fitness of individuals.
(b) Some degree of inbreeding becomes inevitable.
(c) Genetic drift can quickly eliminate most alleles, leaving individuals extremely similar genetically. ' '
(d) Problems arise when a!!e!ic diversity is reduced.
20. Breeding place of Flamingo (Hansawar) in India is-
(a) Sambhar lake (b) Chilka lake (c) Runn of Kutch (d) Ghana vihar
21. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
(a) alpha diversity - number of species in a given habitat, (b) genetic diversity - variation of genes within species
(c) beta-diversity - diversity of habitat in the whole region (d) species diversify-product of species richness &
evenness
22. Which of the following is NOT a benefit.that humans receive from a biologically diverse world?
(a) source of medicine (b) source of water (c) source of economic gains (d) source of food
23. As estimated by Robert May, what is the total number of species present on earth?
(a) 3 million (b) 5 million (c) 7 million (d) 9 million
24. Threats to biodiversity comes from -
(a) habitat loss (b) Over exploitation (c) Intensive agriculture (d)AII
25. Which of the following was the first National Park of India?

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 (a) Corbett (b) Nanda Devi (c) Kaziranga (d) Jaldapara

26. The major extinct from India in-

(a) Cannibalism (b) Felling tress (c) Habitat destruction (d) None of these
27. In which part of biosphere reserves human settlement is permissible?
(a) Buffer Zone (b) Transition Zone (c) Core Zone (d) Settlement not allowed
28. Historically, island species have tended to become extinct faster than species living on a mainland. Which of the
following reasons can not be used to explain this phenomenon?
(a) Island species have often evolved in the absence of predators and have no natural avoidance strategies.
(b) Humans have introduced diseases and competitors to islands, which negatively impacts island populations.
(c) Island populations are-usually smaller than mainland populations.
(d) Island populations are usually less fit than mainland populations.
29. The narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving include which of the following from the given list? (i) Industrial
products like dyes, lubricants, (ii) Ecosystem services like photosynthesis, (iii) Pollinators layer of bees, birds and
bats, (iv) Firewood, fibre and construction material, (v) The aesthetic pleasure of walking through thick, (vi)
Products of medicinal importance, (vii) Watching spring flowers in full bloom, (viii) Our moral duty to care for the
well-being of each species.
(a) (i), (ii), (v) and (vii) (b) (ii), (iii), (v) and (vii) (c) (i), (iv) and (vi) (d) (iii), (v), (vii) and (viii)
30. In island biogeography, c =
(a) number of species
(b) a constant measuring the slope of the line
(c) a constant measuring number of species per unit area of habitat
(d)area
31. Idri Idri is found is-
(a) Australia (b) Madagascar (c) Mauritius (d) Tasmania
32. Why are conservationists calling for immediate, and often expensive, action on behalf of endangered species an
habitats?
(a) Biodiversity is beneficial to humans. (b) Man has brought on climate change.
(c) Extinction is an unnatural process. (d) It would be more costly, financially, if we did not act.
33. Given below are pie diagrams A, B and C related to proportionate number of species of major taxa of
invertebrates, vertebrates and plants respectively. Critically study and fill in the blanks I, II, III and IV.

(a) i-Molluscs, II-Amphibians, III-Fungi, IV-Angiosperms

(b) I-Molluscs, II-Amphibians, III - Angiosperms, IV-Fungi

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 (c) I - Hexapoda, II-Amphibians, Ill-Fungi, IV-Angiosperms
(d) I -Turtles, II -Amphibians, III -Fungi, IV-Angiosperms

34. Which is not a v d reason for the species-area relationship?

(a) larger areas have higher z values (b) extinction rates are greater on small islands

(c) larger "core" areas . (d) larger areas contain more habitats

35. Using the figure, determine the percentage of bird species that will be lost if the island's inhabitable land area is

reduced from 100,000 km 2 to 1 km2.

(a) 17 percent of the bird species will be lost.

(b) 20 percent of the bird species will be lost.

(c) All of the bird species will be lost.

(d) 83 percent of the bird species will be lost.

36. Commercial latex in obtained from-

(a) Euphorbioceal (b) Acaria anobica (c) Tectona grand's (d) Marilot esculerta

37.

Which of the above is correct?

(a)AandB (b)BandC (c)AandC (d) C and D

38. What is sustainable use?

(a) The study of methods to help protect biodiversity.

(b) Protected strips of land that allow organisms to migrate from one wilderness, area to another.

(c) A law that makes it illegal to do harm to species that are listed as endangered or threatened.

(d) The ability to use natural resources in a way that helps people and protects the ecosystem.

39. According to conservation biologists, how much of the Earth's land surface should be strictly protected?

(a) 25% (b)5% (c)50% (d)10%

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40. When the last member of a particular species dies, the species is said to be ______.

(a) isolated (b) endangered (c) diversified (d) extinct

41. Different types of diversity are shown in the figure. Identify them.

(a) 1 -Alpha-diversity, 2 - Beta-diversity, 3 - Gamma diversity

(b) 1 - Gamma-diversity, 2-Alpha-diversity, 3 - Beta diversity
(c) 1 - Gamma-diversity, 2 - Beta-diversity, 3-Alpha diversity
(d) 1 - Beta-diversity, 2-Alpha-diversity, 3 - Gamma diversity

42. Most large whale species have been driven to the brink of extinction. Which of the following is the most accepted
explanation for this situation?
(a) Overexploitation (b) habitat loss
(c) pollution" (d) competition from introduced species
43. Biosphere reserves differ from national packs and wild life sanctuaries because in the former-
(a) Human beings are not allowed to enter
(b) People are an integral part of the system
(c) Plants are paid greater attention than the animals
(d) Living organisms are groupht from all over the world and preserved for posterity
44. Conservation hotspots are best described as
(a) areas with large numbers of endemic species that are disappearing rapidly.
(b) areas where people are particularly active supporters of biological diversity.
(c) islands that are experiencing high rates of extinction.
(d) areas where native species ate being replaced with introduced species.
45. The ____ encourages the division of protected areas into zones with different purposes and levels of human
impact.
(a) Man and Biosphere Program (MAB)
(b) Biosphere Reserve
(c) ChipkoAndolan Movement
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 (d) IUCN world conservation strategy
46. Identify the odd combination of the habitat and the particular animal concerned.
(a) Sunderbans______ Bergal tiger (b) Periyar______Elephant
(c) Rann of kutch______wwil Ass (d) Dachigam national park______Snao leopard

47. Which of these statements is true?

(a) Biodiversity tends to increase as you get closer to the equator
(b) Tropical regions of Earth contain very few of the world's land species.
(c) Coral reefs tend to be less biologically diverse than temperate deciduous forests.
(d) Cold climates have greater amounts of biodiversity than warm climates.

48. Which of the following countries has the most deforestation today?
(a) Brazil (bj 'United States (c) Japan (d) none of the above
49. A keystone species is one that
(a) has a higher likelihood of extinction than a nonkeystone species.
(b) exerts a strong influence on an ecosystem.
(c) causes other species to become extinct.
(d) has a weak influence on an ecosystem.

50. What is the difference between; a threatened species and an endangered species ?
(a) A threatened species is already extinct. An endangered species means that the population's numbers have
increased greatly over the last 5 years.
(b) A threatened species and an endangered species are the same thing.
(c) A threatened species means that the population is likely to become endangered. An endangered species is
already extinct.
(d) A threatened species means that the population is likely to become endangered. An endangered species has
population numbers so low that it is likely to become extinct.
51. How much of the Earth's land surface have humans disturbed or degraded?
(a) 60-70% (b)5-10% (c) 30-40% (d) 10-20%
52. An endemic species is
(a) one found in many different geographic areas.
(b) one found naturally in just one geographic area,
(c) one found only on islands.
(d) one that has been introduced to a new geographic area.
53. The lion-tailed mankeys macaca silenus are found only in-
(a) Kaziranga (b) Eastern ghats and Chennai
(c) Western ghats including travancore and Mysore (d) Himalayas
54. Ex situ strategies include -
A. Botanical garden B. Zoos

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 C. Seed / Pollen banks D. Gene bank and tissue culture
(a)A,B (b)A, B,C (c) B, C, D (d)A, B, C, D
55. Which one of the following in a pair of Endangered species ?
(a) Garden lizard and maxican poppy (b) Rhesus monkey and sal tree
(c) Indian peacock and cannot glass (d) flornbill and Indian aconite
56. An exotic species that is introduced to a new area, spreads rapidly and eliminates native species is called -
(a) an immigrant species (b) an invasive species (c) destructive species (d) none
57. A. More than 70 percent of all the species recorded are animals.
B. Out of every 10 animals on this planet, 7 are insects.
C. The number of fungi species in the world is more than the combined total of the species of fishes, amphibians,
reptiles and mammals.
D. Number of fishes is very less than that of mammals.
(a) All correct . (b) All incorrect (c) A, B and C are correct (d) Only D is correct
58. The impacts of loss of biodiversity include –
A. Decrease in plant production.
B. Lowered resistance to environmental perturbation
C. Increased variability in ecosystem processes like water use, pest / disease cycle, plants productivity.
D. None
(a) A, B (b)A, B, C (c) B, C (d) D
59. According to the concept of species area relations -
(a) The number of species in an area increases with the size of the area.
(b) Larger species require larger habitat areas than do smaller snecies.
(c) Most species within any given area are endemic.
(d) The larger the area, the greater the extinction rate.
60. Which of the following statements describe natural extinction?
A. Extinctions abetted by human activities. B. Slow replacement of existing species
C. Also known as background extinction D. A small population is most likely to be extinct.
(a)A, B (b)A,B,C (c) B, C, D (d)A, B, C, D
61. Which is / are correct about Amazon rain forest? A. It is called Lungs of the planet.
B. It is being cut and cleared for cultivating soya beans or for conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle.
C. The largely trophical rain forest in South America has highest biodiversity on earth
D. It harbours probably miiiion of species,
(a) A, B (b) A, B, C (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C, D
62. Forest research institute in situated at-
(a) Naisital (b) Chennai (c) Kolkata (d) Dehradun
63. The characters of a stable community -
A. It shall not show too much variations in year to-year productivity.
B. It must be either resistance or resilient to seasonal disturbance.
C. It must be resistant to invasion by en species.
D. None

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64. Select the correct statement(s).
A. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice
B. India has 1000 varieties of mango
C. The genetic variation in Rauwolfia vomitoria can be in terms of cone and potency of reserpine.
D. The tropical rain forest initially covered 14% of the land surface of earth, but now they cover only 6% of the
land area.
(a) A, B (b) A, B, C (c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C, D
65. In situ strategies include-
A. Biosphere reserve B. National park C. Wildlife sanctuaries D. sacred forests / lakes
(a) A, B (b) A, B, C .(c) B, C, D (d) A, B, C, D
66. A species-area relation is used by ecoiogists to -
(a) Determine the population density of a species in a certain habitat.
(b) Examine how human populations are growing
(c) Estimate the number of species extinctions resulting from habitat destruction
(d) None
67. The number of critically endangered animals and plants in India is -
(a) 4 & 8 respectively (b) 18 & 44 respectively (c) 180 & 4 respectively (d) 44 & 18 respectively
68. Biodiversity loss occurs due to -
A. Habitat loss and fragmentation B. Co-extinction
C. over-exploitation D. en species invasion.
(a) A, B (b)A, B, C (c)B, C, D (d)A, B, C, D
69. Column I Column II
I. Silent valley (A) Kaziranga
II. Rhinoceros (B) Bandipur
III. Tiger project in Karnataka (C) in situ
IV. National Park (D) Tropical evergreen forest
(a)l-B.II- A, III-D, IV-C (b)S-D, il-A, III-B, IV-C
(c)l-A, H-C.III-B.IV-D (d)l-B, II-A, III-C.IV-D
70. Select incorrect statement
(a) Photochemical smog has mainly O3, PAN and NOx
(b) CFC is most effective green house gas
(c) Biodiversity decreases from lower to higher altitudes and increases from lower to higher latitudes
(d) Dodo and Tasmanian wolf have become extinct due to overexploitation
71. The devastation due to hoods in uttarakhand in June 2013 was due to-
(a) Increased deforestation
(b) Collection of moisture and increased cloud formation over the invers mandakini
(c) Construction of houses and hotels on the river bed
(d) All of the above
72. Column I Column II
I. Nile Perch in Lake Victoria (A) Obvious reasons for biodiversity conservation
II. Narrowly utilitarian (B) Habitat destruction

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 III. Main cause for biodiversity loss (C) High endemism
IV. Hot spots . (D) en species
(a):j-B,:si- A, HI-D, tv-c (b)l-D, II - A, III-B, IV-C
(c)l-A. II-CJII-B, IV-D (d)l-B,l!-A, III-CJV-D

73. Given below is incomplete flow chart depicting in-situ and ex-situ approaches of conserving biodiversity. Study
carefully and fill in the blanks I, II, III and IV.

(a) I - Biosphere reserves; II - National parks and wildlife sanctuaries; III - Sacred plants, Home gardens;
IV - Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc.
(b) I - Sacred plants, Home gardens; II - National parks and wildlife sanctuaries; III - Biosphere reserves;
IV - Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc.
(c) I - Biosphere reserves; II - Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc.; Ill - Sacred plants, Home
gardens; IV - National parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
(d) I - Biosphere reserves; II - Sacred plants, Home gardens; III - National parks and wildlife sanctuaries;
IV - Seed banks, field gene banks, cryopreservation, etc.
74. Which are in a matching sanctuary-
(a) Kaziranga-mink deer (b) Gir-Lion (c) Himalayas-Samber (d) Sunderbon-phiro
75. Which of the following fishes is exotic species introduced in India for aquaculture -
(a) Dog fish (b) Shark (c) Catfish (Clarias) (d)Labeo
76. Dudhwa national park in located is-
(a) Himachal pradest (b) Uttar Pradesh (c) Madhga pradesh (d) Arunachal Pradesh
77. Column I Column II
I. Term biodiversity (A) Edward Wilson
II. in situ conservation (B) Co-extinction
III. Plant pollination (C) On-site conservation
IV. Ex-situ conservation (D) Offsite conservation
(a)l-B, II- A, SII-D, IV-C (b)l-D, IS-A, III-B, IV-C

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 (c)l-A, II-C, III-B, SV-D (d)i~B,II-A,m-C,IV-D
78. More than 25% of drugs are derived from plants. What benefits does this describe?
(a) Ethical value (b) Aesthetic value (c) Direct economic value (d) Indirect economic value
79. Modern Ex situ conservation includes -
(a) cryopreservation techniques (b) in vitrofertilisation
(c) plants can be propagated using tissue culture methods (d) All
80. Ex situ conservation is used for the conservation of-
(a) All plants (b) All animals
(c) threatened animals and plants (d) None
81. Bandipur (Karnataka) National park runs a project for-
(a) Peacock (b) Deer (c) Tiger (d) Elephant
82. Column I Column II
I. Western Ghats (A) Sacred lake
II. Donkey (B) Secondary home India
III. Khecheopairi Lake of Sikkim (C) Hot spot
IV. Rhinoceros (D)Kaziranga
(a)l-B,ll- A,III-D,IV-C . (b)l-D,ll-A, III-B, IV-C
(c)l-A, II-C, III-B, IV-D (d)l-C, II-B, III-A, IV-D
83. Nandan kanan zoo in known for the-
(a) Nilgiri Cows (b) Hippopotamers
(c) White tiger (d) Rhirocheros
84. Column I Column II
I. Dodo (A) Rauwolfia
II. Reserpine (B) Mauritius
III. Botanical gardens (C) Khasi and Jaintia hills.
IV. Sacred forests (D) Ex-situ conservation
(a)l-B, II- A, IH-D.IV-C (b) I-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
(c)l-A, II-C, III-B, IV-D (d)l-B, II-A, III-C, IV-D

85. Exploring molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance like medicines is
called-
(a) Bioremediation (b) Bioprospecting (c) Bioprocessing (d) Ecosystem services.
86. Which one the following is false about Habital loss and fragmentation?
(a) This is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction
(b) The most dramitic examples of habitat loss come from temperate rain forests
(c) Once convering more than 14% of the earths
(d) The Amazon rain forest harbouring probably millions of species is being cut and cleared for cultivating soya
bean or for conversion to grassland for raising beef cattle
87. Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between humans and the rest of the living
world?
(a) Modern technology has made it so that we no longer depend on other living organisms.

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 (b) We are dependent on artificial ecosystems, such as agroecosystems, but gain no benefit from natural
ecosystems.
(c) We are dependent on natural ecosystems at pre-sent, but the technology exists to completely replace natural
ecosystems so that we will no longer depend on them.
(d) Our survival is tightly linked to the survival of natural ecosystems throughout the world.
88. Which of the following statements about species-area relationships and their consequences for extinction rates is
false'
(a) Species-area relationships can be used to predict future extinction rates.
(b) The number of species present increases with the size of an area.
(c) 50% of Earth's species may become extinct in the next 50 years.
(d) Extinction rates are generally higher on mainlands than on islands.
89. Why do species extinctions matter?
(a) They don't matter unless the species is a human food source.
(b) Many pharmaceutical products are derived from natural products, loss of species could mean loss of
therapeutic drugs.
(c) Soil erosion may increase if certain plants go extinct, (d) b and c
90. Kashmir stag in commonly found in-
(a) Dachigam wild life sanctuary (b) Manas wild life sanctuary
(c) Bhanatpur wild life Sanetuary (d) Annamalai wild life sanectuary
91. Which of the following is not a reason to protect biodiversity ?
(a) The aesthetic value
(b) Because of mutualistic relationships, whole communities could be endangered by the extinction of one
species.
(c) Important medicinal compounds can be found only in certain species.
(d) None of the above
92. In recent years the number of species driven to extinction has increased dramatically. Which of the following is
not a reason for this?
(a) Overexploitation (b) Habitat destruction (c) Introduction of predators (d) Natural predation
93. Which of the following is true?
(A) The biological wealth of our plant has been declining rapidly and the accusing finger is clearly pointing to
humai activities
(B) The colonisation of tropical pacific Island by humans is said to have led to the extinction of more than 2,00(
species of native bird
(C) The IUCN Red list (2004) documents the extinction of 784 species in last 500 years
(a) A, B and C is correct (b) A and B is correct (c) B and C is correct (d) A and C is, correct
94. When a species goes extinct in one area, it is often desirable to reintroduce the species from other populations. A
major problem with this approach is that
(a) genetic diseases can easily be introduced when the species is reintroduced.
(b) populations are often adapted to local conditions and may not survive when moved to a different location.
(c) the community will have adapted to the extinct species' absence. Reproduction may seriously disrupt the
community.
(d) it is difficult to get an adequate sample of individuals to properly reestablish the population.

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95. Tadoba national park in situated in-
(a) Madhya Pradesh (b) West Bengal (c) Kerala (d) Maharashtra

96. Which parameter of a population do ecologists measure to assess extinction risk for a population?
(a) genetic variation (b) behavior (c) physiology (d) a, b, and c
(a) They don't matter unless the species is a human food source.
(b) Many pharmaceutical products are derived from natural products, loss of species could mean loss of
therapeutic drugs.
(c) Soil erosion may increase if certain plants go extinct, (d) b and c

97. Which of the following is not currently a major cause of species extinctions?
(a) Habitat destruction (b) Climate change (c) Overexploitation (d) Introduction of predators
98. Of the following organisms which has the highest conservation priority?
(a) A plant found on North America and in Europe. (b) A plant endemic to Austr a
(c) A plant found on the Galapagos islands and in Brazil, (d) A plant found world wide.
99. The number of species that become extinct due to habitat destruction is greatest in _______ ecosystems with
many______species.
(a) temperate, migratory (b) tropical, endemic (c) temperate, keystone (d) tropical, migratory
Major causes of human-induced extinctions of species include all of the following, except
(a) climate modification. (b) Overexploitation. (c) habitat destruction. (d) captive propagation.
100. Which of the following methods could be used to restore a population of animals from a few male and female
individuals.
(a) Cross breeding (b) Interbreeding (c) Captive breeding (d) Selective breeding
101. Red data book deals with-
(a) Enderive plants (b) Plants sharing photoperiodism
(c) Plants on the verge of extinction (d) None
102. Amazon rain forests are considered as lungs of the planet as they contribute ______ of the total oxygen in th
earth's atmosphere.
(a) 10% (b) 15% (c) 20% (d) 30%
103. How many percent of the earth's land area is covered by all the biodiversity hotspots.
(a) More than two percent (b) Less than two percent (c) More than five percent (d) Less than ten percent
104. Given below are three statements (A-C) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the
blanks.
Statements:
Ecologists and evolutionary biologists have proposed various hypotheses; some important ones are
A. Speciation is generally a function of time I regions were subjected to frequent glaciations in the past,
II have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years and thus, had a long evolutionary time for species
diversification.
B. ___III environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable.
Such constant environments promote niche speci sation and lead to a greater species diversity.

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 C. There is more solar energy available in the IV which contributes to higher productivity; this in turn might
contribute indirectly to greater diversity.
Options:
(a) I - temperate, II - tropical latitudes, IN - tropical, N - tropics
(b) I-tropical, II-tropical latitudes, III-temperate, IV-Savannah
(c) I - tropics, II - tropical latitudes, III - temperate, IV -Arctic Tundra
(d) I - temperate, II - tropical latitudes, III - tropics, IV - Chapparral
105. How much times have forests been lost in the tropics compared to the temperate region
(a) 50 times (b) 40 times (c) 30 times (d) 25 times.

106. Which of the following of false?

(a) Species diversity — The Western Ghats have lesser amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats
(b) Ecological diversity—At the ecosystem level, India, for instance, with its deserts, rain forests, Mangrooves,
Coral reef
(c) It has taken million of year of evolution, to accumulate this rich diversity in nature
(d) Biodiversity and its conservation are now vital environmental issues of international concern as more and
more people around the world begin to re se the critical importance of diversity.
107. Introduction of en species into new area possess a threat to extinction of indigenous species due to
(a) Their high nutrient requirement (b) Their symbiotic relationship
(c) Absence of its natural predator (d) More intraspecific competition
108. Which of the following is correct? ,
(A) Three of the hotspot — Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indoburma and Himalaya cover our country's
exceptionally high biodiversity region
(B) India now has 14 biosphere reserves, 90 national parks and 448 wildlife sancturies
(C) Ex situ conservation — In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural
habitat and placed in special setting
(a) A, B and C is correct (b) A, B is correct (c) B and C is correct (d) A, C is correct
109. There are genetic variation shown by medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria. This plant growing in which one of the
following regions
(a) Deccan Peninsula (b) Gangatic plains (c) Himalayan, ranges (d) North-East.
110. In the formula logs = Log C + Z log A, Ecologist have discovered that the value of z lies in the range of
(a) 0.1 to 0.5 (b)0.5to1 (c) 0.1 to 0.2 (d) 1 to 5
111. If the Bengal tiger becomes extinct-
(a) Hyaenas and Wolves will become scarce
(b) The wild Oveas will be safe for man and domestic animals
(c) Its gene pool will be lost forever
(d) The population of beautiful animals like deers will be stabilized.
112. Which of the following does not belong to The Evil
(a) Habitat loss and fragmentation (b) Over exploitation

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113. What is the primary reason for targeting 'biodiversity hotspots1 for conservation?
(a) They are the only areas where species are seriously threatened in the world
(b) The number of species threatened far exceeds our capacity to protect them and we can therefore only
concentrate on areas of highest species diversity
(c) They are areas where people do not live and conservation would therefore not be effecting the economic
development of the area
(d) To protect all areas of threatened species would not allow for new species to develop
114. 1500 enderive species of dicohyledons are found is-
(a) Eastern Hinalayas (b) Eastern Ghats (c) Western Hinalayas (d) Western Ghats
115. Approximately what proportion of the global land surface is used for agriculture and grazing by the world's 6 billion
people?
(a) One eightieth ' (b) One tenth (c) Three quarters (d) One third
116. Which of the following represent maximum number of species among global biodiversity ?
(a) Lichens (b) Fungi (c) Mosses and Ferns (d) Algae
117. Total number of identified biodiversity hot spots in the world is
(a) 25 (b)24 (c)40 (d)34.
118. Sacred groves are specially useful in :
(a) generating environmental awareness (b) preventing soil erosion
(c) year-round flow of water in rivers (d) conserving rare and threatened species
119. Which of the following statement is true?
A. Logo of WWF-N is Red Panda.
B. Organization responsible for maintaining Red Data Book / Red List is IUCN.
C. Genetic diversity in agricultural crops is threatened by extensive intercropping.
D. In India, we find mangoes with different flavours, colours, fibre-content, sugar content and even shelf-life. The
large variation is on account of genetic diversity
E. The world biodiversity day is celebrated annually on 29th December,
(a) A and B (b)CandD (c)None (d)AII
120. Which hypothesis suggests ecosystems are like aeroplane wings where flight (ecosystem functioning) may or
may not be compromised depending upon which species are lost-
(a) rivet popper hypothesis (b) Gaia hypothesis
(c) Cause - exclusion hypothesis (d) Oudum's hypothesis
121. Select the correct statement about biodiversity:
(a) The desert areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat have a very high level of desert animal species as well as
numerous rare animals.
(b) Large scale planting of Bt cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity.
(c) Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism.
(d) Conservation of biodiversity is just a fad pursued by the developed countries
122. In a national bark, protection is provided to-
(a) Flora only (b) Faura only (c) Both flouna and fauna (d) Entire ecosystem
123. Biosphere reserve- "Delab debang" is located is-

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 (a) West Bengal (b) Aunachal Pradesh (c) Kerala (d) gulf of Mannar
124. Kanha National Park is located in _____ and is famous for ________.
(a) Madhya Pradesh, elephant (b) Madhya Pradesh, tiger
(c) Odisha, tiger (d) Assam, elephant.
125. Given below are three statements (A-E) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the
blanks. Statements:
A. The tropics (between I ) harbour more species than temperate and polar regions.
B. For example, Columbia situated near II has about 1400 species of birds, while New York (41 °N) has 105
species, Greenland (71 °N) has about 56 species and India (in the equator region) has III species. C.
The number of species of vascular plants in tropics is about IV times more of that of temperate forests.
D- The V rain forest in Brazil, South America has the greatest biodiversity on earth. E. Since the origin of
life on earth and evolution, there have been five episodes of mass extinction, but the current rate of extinction (6
mass extinction - due to human activities) is VI times faster than them, due to human activities.
Options:
(a) I - 0°N to 90°S, ll-equator, 111-1200, IV - five , V-Amazonian, VI -100-1000
(b) I - 23.5°N to 23.5°S, II - equator, III -10000, IV - ten, V -Amazonian, VI -100 -1000
(c)l-23.5°Nto23.5°S, ll-equator, 111-1200, IV-ten, V- Amazonian, VI -100- 1000
(d) I - 23.5°N to 23.5°S, I! - equator, III -1200, IV - ten, V -Amazonian, VI -100 - 10000
126. Which one of the following have the highest number of species in nature?
(a)Angiosperms (b) Fungi (c) Insects (d) Birds
127. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in the group.
(a) Fungi (b)Anim a (c)Monera (d)Plantae
128. India has only 2.4% of the world's land area but its share of the global species diversity is
(a) 1.8%. (b)3.1% (c)5.1% (d)8.1%
129. Which one of the following shows maximum genetic diversity in India?
(a) Mango (b) Groundnut (c)Rice (d) Maize
130. Which one of the following areas in India, is a hotspot of biodiversity
(a) Eastern Ghats (b) Gangetic Plain (c) Sunderbans (d) Western Ghats
131. The world summit on sustainable development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, how many countries
pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010.
(a)180 (b)190 (c)200 (d)210

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 ANSWER KEY
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. a a d a a a d b a d c b a b a c d a a b
Ques. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. c b c d a c b d c c b a a a d a c d d d
Ques. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. d a b a a d a a b d a b c d d b c b a c
Ques. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans. d d b d d c b d b c d b a b c b c c d c
Ques. 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Ans. d d c a b b d d d a d d a b d d b b b c
Ques. 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Ans. c c b a b a c a c c c c b d d b d d d a
Ques. 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131
Ans. c d b b c c c d c d c

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