READINGS MATERIALS

(MCQS + TERMINOLOGIES)
FOR
RFO TEST (PROJECT “CKNP” & “DNP”)

(But not limited to these only….)

Part-I
699 MCQs
Note:
The MCQs & Terminologies have been copied from
CSS Forum & other Authentic Sources….. These provide
only general ideas….. about Wildlife & Forestry….
therefore…. don’t guarantee any “GB Govt Recommended
Test Structure”
Contents: (PART-1)
MULTIPLES CHOICE QUESTIONS :( 699 MCQs)
1. Ecology and General Silviculture.(293 MCQs)
2. Forest Types and Geographical Distribution (30 MCQS)
3. Soils and Topography (19 MCQs)
4. Forest Management (69 MCQS)
5. Forest Mensuration (40 MCQs)
6. Watershed and Range Management (160 MCQs)
7. Tree Morphology (15 MCQS).
8. World of Trees (32 MCQs).
9. Forest Classification (20 MCQs)
10. Forest Operations (21 MCQs).
The MCQS are large in number (1100) and are in
“Tabular” form by default…..therefore….not
properly arranged due to “shortage of
time”……Apologies for “inconvenience” ….Thanks
1. ECOLOGY AND GENERAL SILVICULTURE (293)

1. The word ecosystem was coined by:

A.Daubenmire/R.Misra/Koestle B. T.ley
C. Weaver and Clements D.Odum/Kormondy

Answer: Option B

2. Ecosystem has two components:

A.Plants and animals B. Weeds and trees
C. Biotic and abiotic D.Frogs and men

Answer: Option C

3. An ecosystem may be defined as:

Different communities of plants, animals
A localized association of several plants
A. B. and microbes, together with their physico-
and animals
chemical environments
Different communities of plants and
C. microbesm plus their physico-chemical D.None of the above
environments

Answer: Option B

4. Which one of the following terms does not reflect the idea of ecosystem:
A.Holocoene B. Cherposem
C. Biosystem D.Geobiocoenosis

Answer: Option B

5. In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:

A.Only bacteria and fungi B. Only microscopic animals
The above two types of organisms plus
C. D.Only the above two types of organisms
mactoseopic animals
 Answer: Option A

6. Competition for water, minerals, light and space is most severe between two:
Closely related species occupying the Closely related species occupying
A. B.
same niche different niche
Unrelated species occupying the same Species occupying different overlapping
C. D.
niche ecosystems

Answer: Option A

7. Ecosystem is:
Both open and closed unit depending
A. B. Closed unit
upon the biomass present
Both open and closed unit depending
C. Open unit D.
upon community type

Answer: Option C

8. Each human couple should produce only two children which help in:
A.Checking pollution B. Fertility of soil
C. Stabilizing the ecosystem D.Improving food-web

Answer: Option C

9. A habitat of long severe winters and growing season limited to a few months of summer
constitutes:
A.Savana ecosystem B. Taiga ecosystem
C. Tundra ecosystem D.None of the above

Answer: Option B

10. An ecosystem is:

A community of organisms interacting
A. B. The abiotic component of an area
with one another
The part of the earth and its atmosphere A community of organisms together with
C. D.
where living organisms exist the environment in which they live

Answer: Option D
11. Pond is an example of:
A.Artificial ecosystem B. Forest ecosystem
C. Natural ecosystem D.Grassland ecosystem

Answer: Option C
12. The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
A.On the lithosphere surface B. In the hydrosphere
In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and
C. D.In the lithosphere and hydrosphere
atmosphere

Answer: Option C

13. In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
A.Commensals B. Herbivores
C. Fauna and flora D.Planktons

Answer: Option D

14. Ecosystem may be defined as:

Group of plants, which act as the energy Group of organisms which form
A. B.
suppliers population
C. Functional unit for ecological studies D.None of these

Answer: Option C

15. The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
A.Pure vegetari. B. Milk drinker and vegetarian
Dependent upon milk, egg and vegetarian
C. Non-vegetari. D.
habit

Answer: Option D
16. Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
A.Temperate grasslands B. Tropical grasslands
C. Prairie grasslands D.Steppes grasslands

Answer: Option A

17. Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
A.Meadow B. Forested river bank
C. Cave D.Pond

Answer: Option C

18. The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
A.Energy B. Number
C. Biomass D.All of these

Answer: Option A

19. Nepenthes is a :
 A.Primary producer B. Consumer
C. Primary producer and consumer D.None of the above

Answer: Option C

20. The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:

A.Producer and primary consumer B. Producer and decomposer
C. Primary consumer and decomposer D.Primary and secondary consumer
E. Producer and secondary consumer

Answer: Option B
21. The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
A.Mineralization B. Humification
C. Nutrient immobilization D.Microbe immobilization

Answer: Option C
22. Carnivores are:
A.Usually primary consumers B. Usually secondary consumers
Usually decomposers rather than
C. D.Usually secondary or tertiary consumers
consumers

Answer: Option D
23. The significance of ecosystem lies in:
A.Flow of energy B. Cycling of matters
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of the above

Answer: Option C
24. In a food chain, man is:
A.Producer B. Primary consumer only
C. Primary and Secondary consumer D.Secondary consumer only

Answer: Option C

25. The first link in any food chain is a green plant because:
A.They are widely distributed B. They are firmly fixed to soil
They alone have the capacity to fix the
There are more herbivorous animals than
C. atmospheric CO2 in the presence of D.
the carnivorous
sunlight

Answer: Option C

26. A food chain consists of:

A.Producers and primary consumers B. Producer, herbivores and carnivores
C. Produers, carnivores and decomposers D.Producers, consumers and decomposers
 Answer: Option D
27. Biophere refers to:
A.Plants of a particular area B. Area occupied by living beings
C. Plants of world D.Spherical plants

Answer: Option B

28. The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
A.Pond ecosystem B. Grassland ecosystem
C. Desert ecosystem D.Forest ecosystem

Answer: Option A
29. Green plants constitute:
A.The first trophic level B. The second trophic level
C. The third trophic level D.The fourth trophic level

Answer: Option A

30. Which of the following characterizes the biomass in an ecosystem?

The biomass of producers is less than the No general statement can be made about
A.combined biomass of consumers and B. relative biomass of different ecological
decomposers groups
The biomass of secondary consumers is The biomass of producers is generally
C. usually greater than the biomass of D.greater than the biomass of primary
primary consumers consumers

Answer: Option B
31. A food chain starts with:
A.Nitrogen fixing organisms B. Photosynthesizing organisms
C. Respiration D.Decomposers

Answer: Option B

32. Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?

A.Herbivore B. Carnivore
C. Autotroph D.Omnivore

Answer: Option D

33. The importance of ecosystem lies in:

A.Cycling of materials B. Flow of energy
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of the above

Answer: Option C
34. The following belong to the same trophic level:
A.Tiger and wild beer B. Snake and earthworm
C. Deer and honey bee D.Crow and cow

Answer: Option C

35. Mark the correct statement:

A.Phagotrophs are tr.ducers B. Some herbivores are converters
C. Microconsumers are saprotrophs D.All are correct

Answer: Option C

36. The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:

A.Open sea B. Grasslands and pastures
C. Coniferous forests D.Tropical and sub-tropical forest

Answer: Option D

37. In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:

A.Upright B. Inverted
C. Anything possible D.None is correct

Answer: Option B

38. If corbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first
experience negative effect?
A.Primary consumers B. Producers
C. Secondary consumers D.Tertiary consumers

Answer: Option B

39. Man is .
A.Producer B. Consumer
C. Herbivore D.None of these

Answer: Option B

40. The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:

A.Energy flow and food chain B. Mineral recycling and energy flow
C. Food chain and decomposers D.Energy flow and decomposers

Answer: Option C
41. The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
A.T3 B. T4
 C. T2 D.T1

Answer: Option B

42. The pyramid of energy is always:

A.Inverted B. Upright
C. Both of these/Horizontal D.Inverted in forest ecosystem

Answer: Option B

43. The driving force of the ecosystem is:

A.Carbohydrates in plants B. Biomass
C. Solar energy D.Producers

Answer: Option C

44. In forest ecosystem, pyramid of number is:

A.Upright B. Inverted
C. Any of the two D.None of the above

Answer: Option D

45. Which is a primary consumer?

A.Scavenger B. Saprophyte
C. Carnivore D.Herbivore

Answer: Option D

46. The tr.fer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
A.Food chains B. Biological control
C. Natural barriers D.All the above

Answer: Option A

47. Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:

A.Mineral B. Water
C. Forest D.Solar energy

Answer: Option C

48. Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:

A.Herbivores B. Carnivores
C. Producers D.None of these

Answer: Option B
49. If precise quantitative measurements are made on a convined ecosystem in a laboratory, we
will find amounts of which of the following to be a one-way flow rather than cyclic?
A.Carbon B. Potassium
C. Nitrogen D.Free energy

Answer: Option D

50. The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:

A.T1 B. T3
C. T5 D.T4

Answer: Option C

51. Ecosystem creates:

A.Food chains B. Food web
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of the above

Answer: Option C

52. The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:

A.Tropical rainforest B. Temperate grassland
C. Tropical deciduous forest D.Desert shrub

Answer: Option D

53. What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?

A.All the atmospheric gases B. Only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
C. Energy only D.All the above components

Answer: Option C

54. Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?

A.Petroleum B. Coal
C. Nuclear fuel D.Trees

Answer: Option C

55. Ecological pyramids are of:

A.Two types B. Three types
C. Four types D.Five types

Answer: Option B

56. The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:

 A.Chemical cycle B. Biogeochemical cycle
C. Geological cycle D.Geochemical cycle

Answer: Option B

57. The zooplanktonic forms are:

A.Primay consumers B. Secondary consumers
C. Carnivores D.Primary producers

Answer: Option A

58. The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by .

A.Productivity control B. Food chain mechanism
C. Feed back mechanism D.Any of these

Answer: Option C

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59. In an ecosystem, the population of:

Primary producers is larger than that of Secondary consumers is the largest because
A. B.
primary consumers they are the most powerful
Primary consumers outnumber primary Primary consumers is the least dependant
C. D.
producers upon primary producers

Answer: Option A

60. When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the
water leas are:
A.Primary consumers B. Producers
C. Secondary consumers D.Top consumers in this food chain
.

Answer: Option A

61. The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:

First link of the food chain and are known Second link of the food chain and are
A. B.
as primary producers herbivouous
Third link of the food chain and are tertiary The end of the food chain and are
C. D.
consumers decomposers
.
 Answer: Option D

62. A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes .
A.Food chain B. Web of food
C. Biomass D.Interdependence
.

Answer: Option A

63. A crocodile had just eaten a lamb when a hawk saw the crocodile attacked it, and consumed
it. The hawk is in ecological terms:
A.A producer B. A primary consumer
C. A secondary consumer D.A tertiary consumer
.

Answer: Option D

64. If organisms are arranged according to predator-prey relationship one always finds more of
prey species then of predator. This is called .
A.Food web B. Pyramid of numbers
C. Succession D.Predator-prey relationship
.

Answer: Option B

65. If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
A.Only the herbivores will die B. All the animal will die
It will not matter to anyone because
C. Only the carnivores will die D.chemosynthetic bacteria will produce food
for all
.

Answer: Option B

66. Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants ....
Hawk:
A.Grasshopper, frog, snake B. Grasshopper, rat, snake
C. Millipedes, centipedes, sparrow D.Earthworm, hen, rat
.

Answer: Option A

67. Deers are:

 A.Autptrophic B. Heterotrophic
C. Herbivores D.Atrophic
.

Answer: Option C

68. Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
A.Law of limiting factors B. Liebig's law of minimum
C. Laws of thermody namics D.Shelford's law of tolerance
E. Biogenetic law
.

Answer: Option C

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69. The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
A.Feedback mecanism B. Homeotherms
C. Homozygous D.Homeostasis
E. Heterozygous
.

Answer: Option D

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70. In a food chain the largest population is that of:

A.Producers B. Decomposers
C. Tertiary consumers D.Primary consumers
.

Answer: Option A

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71. The processes involving the tr.formation of carbon compounds on earth include:
Both biological and non-biological
A.Only the plants B.
processes
C. Only the living organisms D.Only the animals
.
 Answer: Option B

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72. In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:

A.The primary producers B. Primary producers only sometimes
C. The decomposers D.The consumers
.

Answer: Option A

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73. Which of the following is logical sequence of carbon cycle:

A.Photosynthesis-consumer-decomposer B. Decomposer-consumer-photosynthesis
C. Photosynthesis-decomposer-consumer D.Consumer-photosynthesis-decomposer
.

Answer: Option A

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74. The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:

A.Linear B. Upright
C. Irregular D.Inverted
.

Answer: Option B

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75. The number of kinds of food chains:

A.One B. Two
C. Three D.Four
.
 Answer: Option C

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76. Biosphere is that:

A.By which life originated B. Where individuals interact with each other
Organic compound by which the life
C. Which relates to spherical organisms D.
diminishes
.

Answer: Option B

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77. An ecosystem is:

A functional unit of biotic and abiotic Either a part of land surface, a body of fresh
A. B.
components which have an energy source water or the open oce.
A functional unit consisting of sunlight, air A system consisting of an energy source,
C. D.
water and minerals producers and consumers
.

Answer: Option A

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78. The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
A.Primary consumer B. Carnivore
C. Decomposer D.Secondary consumer
.

Answer: Option D

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79. Trophic levels are formed by:

A.Only plants B. Only animals
C. Only carnivores D.Organisms linked in food chains
 .

Answer: Option D

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80. The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the
study of:
A.Phytobiology B. Phytogeography
C. Ecosystem D.Phytosociology
.

Answer: Option C

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81. When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
A.A primary consumer B. A primary dcomposer
C. Final decomposer D.The apex of the food pyramid
.

Answer: Option D

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82. The whale is:

A.Primary producer B. Secondary consumer
C. A decomposer D.Herbivores
.

Answer: Option B

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83. A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained
under similar climatic conditions is known as:
A.Biome B. Environmental complex
C. Biological spectrum D.Biological clocks
.
 Answer: Option A

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84. The non-green plants are as important as the green plants because they:
A.Cause human disease B. Cause diseases of other plants
Bring about decomposition of dead animals
C. Are useful in several industries D.
and plant remains
.

Answer: Option D

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85. In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
A.Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide
C. Fish feed D.Decoration
.

Answer: Option A

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86. The earth's atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:

A.Ecosystem B. Ecosom
C. Biosphere D.Biocoenosis
.

Answer: Option C

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87. The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:

A.Insectivorous type B. Heterotrophs
C. Chemotrophs D.Autotrophs
.
 Answer: Option D

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88. Biome' is:

A community of organisms interacting with That part of the earth and its atmosphere,
A. B.
one another which inhabits living organisms
C. The flora on land D.The flora in an ocean
.

Answer: Option B

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89. All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
A.Biosphere B. Community
C. Biome D.Association
.

Answer: Option A

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90. In a food chain, the initial organism is:

A.Herbivore B. Photosynthesis
C. Carnivore D.Symbiotic
.

Answer: Option A

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91. A biotic community comprises:
A.Plants only B. Animals only
C. Plants and animals D.Plants or animals
.
 Answer: Option C

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92. Food chains are met with only in the:

A.Sea B. Forests
C. Deserts D.In all these places
.

Answer: Option D

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93. The trophic structure in an ecosystem is infact:

A.Producer-consumer arrangement B. Refers to grazing food chain only
C. Never forms a food web D.Never photosynthesis dependent
.

Answer: Option A

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94. The river mouth ecosystem is called:

A.Estuarine B. Lotic
C. Lentic D.None of these
.

Answer: Option A

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95. Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:

A.Energy B. Oxygen
C. Living organism D.Bacteria
.
 Answer: Option A

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96. The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is
called:
A.Standing crop B. Standing quality
C. Both (a) & (b) D.Standing state
.

Answer: Option A

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97. The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:

A.Grassland ecosystems B. Pond ecosystems
C. Parasitic ecosystems D.Forest ecosystems
.

Answer: Option B

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98. The source of energy in an ecosystem is:

A.sugar stored in plants B. Light received from the sun
C. Heat liberated during fermentation D.Heat liberated during respiration
.

Answer: Option B

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99. Plants constitute the:

A.Third trophic level B. Fourth trophic level
C. First trophic level D.Second trophic level
.
 Answer: Option C

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100. The ecosystem exists in a state of 'balance'. Supposing one of the heterotrophs, says the
rabbit, multiplies and increases in number suddenly then:
The balance will be permanently upset
The 'balance' will be restoredby an increase
A.because the rabbits will eat the grass in the B.
in the wolf population
system and die of starvation
Epidemics will break out in the rabbits and
C. D.Rabbits will starts eating each other
kill all of them
.

Answer: Option B

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101. A man is the part of biotic community:
A.Always B. Only when he lives in big cities
C. Only when he lives in forest D.Never
.

Answer: Option A

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102. Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
A.Ecosom B. Ecosphere
C. Microcosm D.Holocoene
.

Answer: Option B

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103. The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
A.100 B. 50
C. 10 D.1
 .

Answer: Option D

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104. The term reducer is applied to:

A.Decomposers B. Detrivores
C. Both (a) & (b) D.Heterotrophs
.

Answer: Option C

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105. The primary consumers are described as:

A.Herbivores B. Converters
C. Tr.ducers D.All of these
.

Answer: Option A

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106. The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
A.Trophic level efficiency B. Photosynthetic efficiency
C. Net production efficiency D.Assimilation efficiency
.

Answer: Option D

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107. The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
A.Savana B. Autotrophic
C. Heterotrophic D.Tundra
.
 Answer: Option D

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108. Which of the following is the smallest unit?

A.Biosphere B. Ecosphere
C. Ecosystem D.Biome
.

Answer: Option C

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109. In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:

A.One B. Less than one
C. More than one D.Any of these
.

Answer: Option A

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110. According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
A.10% B. 0.15%
C. 1% D.1.50%
.

Answer: Option C

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111. In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
A.T4 B. T3
C. T2 D.T1
.

Answer: Option B
 .

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112. The taiga ecosystems lie in the:

A.Alpine zone B. Sub-alpine aone
C. Temperate zone D.Sub-tropical zone
.

Answer: Option B

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113. The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:

A.Rhombiodal B. Upright
C. Inverted D.Linear
.

Answer: Option A

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114. The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
A.Standing quality B. Climatic regime
C. Tr.ducers D.Humification and mineralization
.

Answer: Option D

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115. The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:

A.Inverted B. Upright
C. Rhomboidal D.Liver
.

Answer: Option B

.
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116. The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:

A.Cyclic only B. Cyclic and linear
C. Linear and cyclic D.Linear only
.

Answer: Option B

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117. The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to:

A.Harvest index B. A feed back mechanism
C. Regulation of equilibrium D.Reverse energy flow
.

Answer: Option C

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118. The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is:

A.Upright B. Inverted
C. Rhomboidal D.Linear
.

Answer: Option A

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119. According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
A.112,887 B. 118,872
C. 181,872 D.112,788
.

Answer: Option B

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120. The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
A.5% B. 3.50%
C. 1% D.0.0%
.

Answer: Option D

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121. From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in
gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:
A.78., 29.3 B. 78., 3.5
C. 29.3, 3.5 D.23.9, 5.3
.

Answer: Option C

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122. Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?

A.Yeast and Monotrapa B. Rhizopus and Riccia
C. Ulothrix and Yeast D.All of these
.

Answer: Option A

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123. An ecosystem is a structure that is:

A.Always temporary B. Always permanent
C. Either of these D.Rarely permanent
.

Answer: Option C

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124. The ecological pyramids were first designed by:

A.Clements B. Kormondy
 C. Warming D.Elton
.

Answer: Option D

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125. The solar radiations are the sole source of:

A.Energy B. Materials
C. Both (a) & (b) D.Standing state
.

Answer: Option C

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126. The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:

A.Upright B. Inverted
C. Linear D.Rhomboidal
.

Answer: Option A

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127. The term omnivore is applied to:

A.Herbivore and carnivore B. Carnivore and detrivore
C. Herbivore and detrivore D.All of these
.

Answer: Option A

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128. The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:

A.A feed back mechanism B. A self-regulatory mechanism
C. State of equilibrium D.Influence of production
.
 Answer: Option C

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129. In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
A.Producers more than herbivores B. Producers equal to herbivores
C. Producers less than herbivores D.Variable
.

Answer: Option C

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130. The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:

A.Net production B. Secondary production
C. Net storage D.Net primary production
.

Answer: Option D

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131. The rate of storage at consumer level is:
A.Secondary productivity B. Tertiary productivity
C. Both (a) & (b) D.Net productivity
.

Answer: Option A

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132. According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
A.28.6 B. 26.8
C. 22.6 D.22.8
.

Answer: Option A
 .

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133. In a sugarcane field the net productivity in terms of kg/m2/year, is:

A.0.-0.4 B. 2?4
C. 4?6 D.0.6-0.8
.

Answer: Option B

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134. Sulphur is returned to the soil by:

A.Producers only B. Producers and consumers
C. Consumers and decomposers D.All of these
.

Answer: Option C

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135. The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
A.75 B. 65
C. 85 D.95
.

Answer: Option D

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136. Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:

A.CO2 of carbonic rocks B. Atmospheric CO2
C. Fossil fuel D.All of the above
.

Answer: Option B

.
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137. Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle:

A.Inorganic phosphates are lost by leaching B. Ocean phosphates are lost by sedimentation
C. Soluble phosphates are lost by erosion D.Soil has plenty of dissolved phosphates
.

Answer: Option B

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138. Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight?

A.Hydrologic B. Phosphorus
C. Nitrogen D.Sulphur
.

Answer: Option A

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139. The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by:

A.Metabolism of producers B. Metabolism of consumers
C. Both (a) & (b) D.Combustion of fuel
.

Answer: Option D

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140. According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
A.150 B. 1,500
C. 300 D.3,000
.

Answer: Option B

.234
141. Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
 A.Grasslands B. Forests
C. Planktons D.Epiphytes
.

Answer: Option B

.234

142. The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
A.9 x 1013 kg B. 8 x 1012 kg
C. 9 x 1011 kg D.8 x 1010 kg
.

Answer: Option A

.234

143. The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:

A.FeS and Fe2S3 B. Organic sulphates and -SH
C. Soluble inorganic sulphates D.All of these
.

Answer: Option C

.234

144. Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:

A.Lime rocks contribute to CO2 of water B. Atmospheric CO2 gets dissolved in water
75% of total carbon lies in geological
C. CO2 is returned by combustion of fuel D.
component
.

Answer: Option D

.234

145. If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be
adversely affected because:
 Rate of decomposition of other component
A.Herbivores will not receive solar energy B.
will be very high
C. Mineral movement will be blocked D.Energy flow will be blocked
.

Answer: Option C

.234

146. Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:

A.Biological nitrogen fixation B. Electrification of nigrogen
C. Industries D.All the above
.

Answer: Option D

.234

147. One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that:
The predator develops a preference to other They do not always survive when tr.ferred
A. B.
diets and may itself become a pest to a new environment
The method is less effective as compared to The practical difficulty in introducing the
C. D.
the use of insecticides predator to specific area
.

Answer: Option A

.234

148. Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:

A.Place of occurrence B. Competitive ability
C. Centre of origin D.Function at its place of occurrence
.

Answer: Option D

.234
149. Energy tr.fer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
A.1% B. 2%
C. 10% D.20%
.

Answer: Option C

.234

150. The tr.fer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of
thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy tr.fer from nerbivores to carnivores is:
A.25% B. 50%
C. 10% D.5%
.

Answer: Option C

.234
151. Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
A.Oxygen and nitrogen B. Phosphorus and sulphur
C. Phosphorus and CO2 D.Phosphours and nitrogen
.

Answer: Option B

.234

152. Which one of the following elements is the critical limiting factors in the function of
ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss in the ocear:
A.Fe B. P
C. Mg D.Ca
.

Answer: Option B

.234

153. In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
 A.Diurnal B. Arboreal
C. Aquatic D.Fossorial
.

Answer: Option D

.234

154. In which of the following there is no difference?

A.Primary carnivore and trophic level II B. Secondary consumers and herbivores
C. Primary consumers and herbivores D.Trophic level I and herbivores
.

Answer: Option C

.234

155. In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:

A.Microconsumers B. Secondary consumers
C. Primary consumers D.None of these
.

Answer: Option A

.234

156. In a biotic community, primary consumers are:

A.Herbivores B. Detrivores
C. Carnivores D.Omnivores
.

Answer: Option A

.234

157. The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules is the
ecosystem's:
A.Net primary productivity B. Gross secondary productivity
 C. Net secondary productivity D.Gross primary productivity
.

Answer: Option D

.234

158. Biological equilibrium is found among the:

A.Producers and consumers B. Producers and decomposers
C. Producers, consumers and decomposers D.Producers and light
.

Answer: Option C

.234

159. The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
A.Man B. Parasites
C. Predators D.Available food
.

Answer: Option D

.234

160. The pyramid of number around a tree would be:

A.Straight B. Horizontal
C. Inverted D.Indefinite
.

Answer: Option C

.234
161. Which is the most stable ecosystem?
A.Desert B. Ocean
C. Mountain D.Forest
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

162. To eat and being eaten relationship is called:

A.Food chain B. Food web
C. Symbiosis D.Phagocytosis
.

Answer: Option A

.234

163. Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
A.Grassland B. Coral reefs
C. Mangroves D.Rain forest
.

Answer: Option A

.234

164. The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:

A.Producers B. Decomposers
C. Consumers and decomposers D.Biosphere
.

Answer: Option D

.234

165. Ecosystem contains:

A.Producers B. Consumers
C. Decomposers D.All of the above
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

166. In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:

Only two types of organisms plus
A.Only two types of organisms B.
macroscopic animals
C. Only microscopic animals D.Only bacteria and fungi
.

Answer: Option D

.234

167. In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
A.T1 B. T2
C. T3 D.T4
.

Answer: Option A

.234

168. The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves:

A.Photosynthesis B. Assimilation of nitrogenous compounds
Digestion or breakdown of organic
C. Chemosynthesis D.
compounds
.

Answer: Option D

.234

169. In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?

A.Flow of energy B. Cycling of material
C. Consumption of materials D.Flow of energy and cycling of materials
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

170. The snakes are included under:

A.Saprophytes B. Primary consumers
C. Second trophic level D.None of these
.

Answer: Option D

.234
171. Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
A.Trophic levels B. Consumer levels
C. Producer levels D.Herbivores levels
.

Answer: Option A

.234

172. Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?

A.Producers B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers D.Disinfactants
.

Answer: Option A

.234

173. The term 'bio-coenosis' was coined by:

A.T.ley B. Warming
C. Carl Mobius D.S.C.Pandya
.

Answer: Option C
 .

.234

174. Trophic levels are formed by:

A.Only plants B. Only animals
C. Only carnivores D.Organisms linked in food chains
.

Answer: Option D

.234

175. Biotic components of an ecosystem include:

A.Producers only B. Consumers only
C. Producers and Consumers only D.Producers, consumers and decomposers
.

Answer: Option D

.234

176. Which is the most stable ecosystem?

A.Mountain B. Desert
C. Forest D.Ocean
.

Answer: Option D

.234

177. The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world's oceans is that of:
Benthic brown algae, coastal red algae and
A. B. Benthic diatoms and marine viruses
dephnids
Free-floating microalgae, cyanobacteria
C. Sea-grasses and slime-moulds D.
and nanoplankton
.

Answer: Option D
 .

.234

178. Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?

A.Producers B. Decomposers
C. Consumers D.All of the above
.

Answer: Option D

.234

179. Energy enters into the ecosystem through:

A.Herbivores B. Carnivores
C. Producers D.Decomposers
.

Answer: Option C

.234

180. The part of earth in which life exists is known as:

A.Lithosphere B. Biosphere
C. Atmosphere D.Hydrosphere
.

Answer: Option B

181. Which ecosystem has the highest primary productivity?

A.Pond ecosystem B. Lake ecosystem
C. Grassland ecosystem D.Forest ecosystem

Answer: Option D

182. In food chain, herbivores are:

A.Producer B. Primary consumer
C. Secondary consumers D.Decomposers

Answer: Option B
183. In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
A.4 B. 2
C. 3 D.1

Answer: Option B

184. The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:

A.Lentic biota B. Latic biota
C. Abiotic D.None of these

Answer: Option A

185. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to damages caused by:
A.Pollution B. High temperature
C. Low temperature D.Radiation

Answer: Option B

186. If phytoplanktons are destroyed from sea, then:

A.Algae will get more grow luxuriantly B. Primary consumers will grow
C. Food chain will be effected D.No effect will be seen

Answer: Option C

187. When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the space of a
pyramid. This is called the pyramid of:
A.Energy B. Number
C. Biomass D.Both (a) and (c)

Answer: Option B

188. Ten per cent law of energy tr.fer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
A.Elton B. Heackel
C. Lindeman D.Schimper
.

Answer: Option C

.234

189. Which part of the pond ecosystem does not affect by the temperature:
A.Epilimnion B. Metalimnion
C. Hypolimnion D.All of the above
.
 Answer: Option C

.234

190. The rate of storage of food energy at consumer level is called:

A.Secondary productivity B. Primary productivity
C. Gross productivity D.Net productivity
.

Answer: Option A

191. Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?

A.Rice-field B. Forest
C. Grassland D.Lake

Answer: Option A

192. Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:

A.Herbivores B. Carnivores
C. Producers D.Decomposers

Answer: Option B

193. Source of energy in an ecosystem is:

A.Sun B. ATP
C. Sugar made by plant D.Green plant

Answer: Option A

194. Savannahs are:

A.Topical rain forest B. Desert
C. Grassland with scattered trees D.Dense forect with close canopy

Answer: Option C

195. Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats
green plant, then position of peacock is:
A.Primary producer B. Secondary Producer
C. Decomposer D.Apex of food pyramids

Answer: Option D
 196. A food chain has the following trophic levels:
A.3 or 4 B. 3
C. 2 D.1

Answer: Option A

197. In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be

observed that:
Primary and secondary consumers are Both biotic and abiotic components
A. B.
similar are different
The biotic components are almost The abiotic components are almost
C. D.
similar similar

Answer: Option B

198. Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be
considered as occupying:
A.First trophic level B. Second trophic level
C. Third trophic level D.Fourth trophic level
.Answer: Option D

199. This is an inverted pyramid:

Pyramid of numbers in a grassland Pyramid of energy in a pond
A. B.
ecosystem ecosystem
Pyramid of biomass in a grassland Pyramid of biomass in a pond
C. D.
ecosystem ecosystem
.

Answer: Option D

.234

200. In food chain initial organisms are:

A.Top consumers B. Secondary consumers
C. Primary consumers D.Photo synthesizers
.

Answer: Option D

.234
201. If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
A.First B. Second
 C. Third D.Fourth
.

Answer: Option A
202. Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
A.Pyramids of number B. Pyramids of energy
C. Pyramids of biomass D.Pyramids of dry biomass

Answer: Option B
203. Which of the following food chain may not be directly dependent upon solar energy?
A.Grazing B. Detritus
C. Soaking D.Depleting

Answer: Option B

204. Carbon cycle includes:

A.Producer, consumer, decomposer B. Producer, consumer, producer
C. Producer , decomposer, consumer D.Consumer, producer, decomposer
.

Answer: Option A

205. Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it:

Multiplies very fast to produce massive Has association of nitrogen-fixing
A. B.
biomass Rhizobium
Has association nitrogen fixing
C. D.Has association of mycorrhiza
Cyanobacteria
.

Answer: Option C

206. Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome:
A.Temperatr grassland B. Tropical savannah
C. Tropical rain forest D.Desert

Answer: Option B

207. During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the
following is left undergraded?
A.Lignin B. Lipids
C. Cellulose D.Hemi-cellulose

Answer: Option A

208. Nektons are:

A.Organisms that swim in water B. Floating plants
 C. Suspended lower plants D.Animals associated with plants
E. Algae

Answer: Option A

209. The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of
A.Cupressus sp. B. Dalbergia sp.
C. Diospyros sp. D.Quercus sp.

Answer: Option D

210. These belong to the category of primary consumers:

A.Snakes and frogs B. Water insects
C. Eagle and snakes D.Insects and cattle

Answer: Option D

211. The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of:

A.Temperate broad-leaf forest B. Temperate coniferous forest
C. Chaparral D.Desert

Answer: Option B

212. The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like:
A.Larix and Abies B. Zizyphus and Butea
C. Shorea and Tectona D.All of these

Answer: Option C

213. Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in:

A.Tropical deciduous forests B. Temperate coniferous forests
C. Temperate broad-leaf forest D.Tropical rain forest

Answer: Option D

214. In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is:

A.Uniform B. Variable
C. Absent D.Unpredictable

Answer: Option A

215. The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as:

A.Macroconsumer B. Decomposer
C. Omnivore D.Producer
 Answer: Option B

216. Decomposers are:

A.Autotrophs B. Heterotrophs
C. Organotropbs D.Autoheterotrophs

Answer: Option B

217. In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to:
A.Decomposers B. Consumers
C. Producers D.All the above

Answer: Option C

218. During food chain the maximum energy is stored in:

A.Producers B. Decomposers
C. Herbivores D.Carnivores

Answer: Option A

219. In the following there is no difference:

A.Trophic level 1st and herbivores B. Primary consumers and herbivores
C. Primary carnivore and trophic level 2nd D.Secondary consumer and herbivores

Answer: Option B

220. The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is:

A.Solar energy B. Biomass
C. Producer D.Carbohydrates

Answer: Option A

221. Ecological pyramids were discovered by:

A.Elton B. Odum
C. Reiter D.None of these

Answer: Option A

222. An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging
effect stops will be having:
A.High stability and low resilience B. Low stability and low resilience
C. Low stability and high resilience D.High stability and high resillience

Answer: Option D
223. The correct sequence of food chain is:
A.Grass-insect-bird-snake B. Grass-bird-insect-snake
C. Snake-bird-insect-grass D.Grass-snake-bird-insect

Answer: Option A

224. Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally:

A.Producers B. Decomposers
C. Primary consumers D.Secondary consumers
E. Tertiary consumers

Answer: Option B

225. Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland
ecosystem?
A.Tertiary Production B. Gross Production (GP)
C. Net Production (NP) D.Secondary Production

Answer: Option B

226. In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by:
A.Pyramid of biomass B. Pyramid of energy
C. Pyramid of number D.Trophic levels

Answer: Option A

227. Environmental factors in ecosystem:

A.Abiotic factors B. Biotic factors
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.

Answer: Option C

228. Abiotic factors are:

A.Climatic B. Edaphic factors
C. Topography D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

229. Branches of ecology are:

A.Autecology B. Synecology
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C
230. Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches:
A.Population ecology B. Community ecology
C. Ecosystem ecology D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

231. Ecosystem includes:

A basic functional ecology unit including Abiotic component mutually adjusting with
A. B.
both biotic each other for the maintendance of life
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

232. Components of ecosystem are:

A.Abotic B. Biotic
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

233. Abiotic components are:

A.Inorganic B. Organic
C. Climatic D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

234. Biotic components are:

A.Producers (Autotraphy) B. Macroconsumers (Hetrotrophs)
Microconsumers
C. D.All of the above
(Seprotraphs/Decomposers)

Answer: Option D

235. Non-biotic components can be grauped into:

A.Lithosphere B. Hydrosphere
C. Atmosphere D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

236. Plant succession me.:

A change in the composition and nature of Any habitat can be studied systematically
A.plant community of particular habitat over B. provided the area is free from any external
the years disturbance
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C
237. Causes of plant succession are:
Environmental changes produced as a Physiographic factors produce change in
A.result of reaction to the community become B. the habitat like flooding of plains, soil
favorable for new species of plants erosion, change in temperature, rain etc.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

238. Classification of plant succession categorised as:

A.Primary succession B. Secondary succession
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

239. Major types of climax are:

A.Monoclimax B. Polyclimax
C. Sub-climax D.Disclimax
E. All of the above

Answer: Option E

240. Forest Ecosystem me.:

The produces in forest are actual at
The litter and consequently the humus
A.different strata from the ground level to the B.
layers is thick
canopy of trees.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

241. Typical successions in forest are:

A.Riverain B. Esturine
C. Confierous D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

242. Plant associations refer:

A group or community of plants living A group may include different species of
A. B.
together in common habitat plants, belonging to different families
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

243. Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) me.:

A.A reduction of the protective, conducting B. Absences of palisade tissue
 and supporting tissues
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

244. Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) me.:

A.The pants are usually stunted in growth B. Roots and stem are poorly developed
Leaves are large and tend to avoid water
C. D.All of the above
less lam tr.piration

Answer: Option D

245. Mesophytes me.:

Are ordinary plants growing under average The occupy intermediate conditions
A. B.
conditions between xerophyte and hydrophytes
Some trees and stress with deciduous
C. D.All of the above
leaves show marked seasonal differences

Answer: Option D

246. Xerophytes me.:

A desert habitant is characterized by
Grow in desert or dry, hot, sandy place
A. B. Blarcity of water in soil, extremely dry
with scanty rainfall
intense light, high temp and strong winds
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

247. The modes of Perennation are:

A.Evergreen trees B. Deciduous trees
C. Herbaceous perennials D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

248. The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and
include:
A.Residual B. Tr.ported
C. Colluvial D.Alluvial
E. All of the above

Answer: Option E

249. The Organic contents of soil are:

A.Humus B. Mull
 C. Peat and Much D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

250. Soil water depicts:

A.Gravitational B. Capillary
C. Hygroscopic D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

251. The soil moisture constants are:

A.Hygroscopic co-efficient B. Water holding capacity
C. Field Capacity D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

252. The major types of soil erosion are:

A.Normal or geological B. Accelerated
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

253. Accelerated soil erosion factors are:

A.Soil erosion by water B. Soil erosion by wind
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

254. Causes of accelerated erosion are:

Cultivation of land by crops which expose
A.Removal of the natural vegetation cover B. the soil to direct rain impact and runoff
water
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

255. Soil erosion factors include:

A.Amount of rainfall B. Slope length
C. Slope gradient D.Soil erodibility
E. All of the above

Answer: Option E
256. The major types of water erosion are:
A.Splash B. Sheet
C. Rill D.Gully
E. None of these

Answer: Option E

257. The major types of wind erosion are:

A.Siltation B. Soil creep
C. Suspension D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

258. The factors to control of wind erosion are:

The soil should be kept moist as far as
Wind breaks by planting tree in rows or
possible especially in the season of
A. B. shelter belts of any me. are effective in
windstorms. Moist soil is less vulnerable to
wind erosion
wind erosion than dry soil
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

259. What is silvicultural system?

It is the process by which the crops
constituting a forest are tended, removed
A. B. Rearing of silk worm
and replaced by new crops, resulting in the
production on woods of a distinctive form:
C. It is a kind of upland watersheds D.None of these

Answer: Option A

260. The essence of silvicultural system:

The methods adopted for the regeneration The character of the crops produced by
A. B.
of the crop such system
Distribution of the age-classes over the
C. D.All of the above
area of the forest

Answer: Option D

261. Felling and regeneration for the time being concentrated on part for the forest are.
A.Clear felling system B. System of successive regeneration fellings
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C
262. Opening of canopy even young crop more or less even aged and uniform felling happing
under:
A.Uniform system B. Group system
C. Irregular system shelterwood system D.Strip system

Answer: Option A

263. Opening of canopy by scattered gaps, young crop more or less even-aged in which system:
A.Uniform system B. Group system
C. Irregular system D.Strip system

Answer: Option B

264. Opening of canopy irregular and gradual, young crop somewhat uneven-aged:
A.Uniform system B. Group system
C. Irregular system D.Strip system

Answer: Option C

265. Felling beginning in internal lines and advancing outwards in wedge formation:
A.Wedge system B. Uniform system
C. Strip system D.None of these

Answer: Option A

266. Felling and regeneration distributed continuously over the whole area, corp wholly uneven-
aged:
A.Uniform system B. Wedge system
C. Strip system D.Selection system

Answer: Option D

267. Form of forest produced by introducing a young crop beneath an existing immature is
called:
A.High forest with standards B. Two-storied high forest
C. Wedge system D.None of these

Answer: Option B

268. Form of forest produced by retaining certain trees of the old crop after regeneration is
completed known as:
A.High forest with standards B. Selection system
C. Two-storied high forest D.None of these

Answer: Option A
269. Crops in part at least, originating from stool shoots or by other vegetative me.:
A.Accessory system B. Coppices system
C. Uniform system D.None of these

Answer: Option B

270. Successive areas are clear-felled in accordance with the prescriptions of the working plan
and area regenerated naturally or artificially is known as:
A.Clear felling system B. Selection system
C. Accessory system D.None of these

Answer: Option A

271. Regeneration may be effected by how many ways?

A.Natural regeneration from seed B. Natural regeneration from coopice
C. Artificial regeneration sowing and planting D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

272. The clear strip system is associated with:

A.Silvicultural system B. Crop growth
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option A

273. Strips are cutting through the forest and regenerated naturally the intervening strips being
subsequently clear-felled and generally:
A.Clear strip system B. Uniform system
C. Uniform system D.None of these

Answer: Option B

274. The other name/names of uniform system:

A.Shelterwood compartment system B. Regular system
C. Successive regeneration system D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

275. What is the major methods of obtaining regeneration?

A.The preparatory felling B. The seeding felling
C. The secondary and final fellings D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

276. Uniform system can be applied in:

 A.Hills B. Plains
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option C

277. In which system that the regeneration of the compartment is started form natural foci or
groups of advance growth?
A.Uniform system B. Group system
C. Clear strip system D.None of these

Answer: Option B.

278. The characteristics of the original group system was the undulating profile of the
regenerated corp obtained by reason of the considerable variation in age between the groups
of regeneration:
A.Gayer's line B. Group system
C. Clear strip system D.None of these

Answer: Option A
279. ________ is merely a modification of the uniform system where large quantities of advance
growth of various ages and size even up to trees of 40 cm diameter are retained as part of
the future crop:
A.Irregular Shelterwood system B. Coppice system
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option B

280. Deodar normally found in:

A.Seashore of Karachi B. In the Hills of Punjab
C. Plains of Punjab D.None of these

Answer: Option B

281. Under which system mature trees are scattered over the whole area of the forest and felling
should proceed annually over the whole area of the estate?
A.Selection system B. Irregular Shelterwood system
C. Uniform system D.None of these

Answer: Option A

282. "Manual of silviculture for Pakistan" authored by:

A.Simmons and H.M.Rana B. Champion, Seth and Kattak
C. Ahmad Hussain D.None of these
 Answer: Option B

283. Principal advantages of the selection system are:

A.This method is extremely simple B. Natural flora is preserved
C. More volume per acre D.All of the above

Answer: Option D

284. The principal disadvantages of the selection system are:

The quality of the timber may be inferior to The whole are being always under
A. B.
that grown in even-aged crops. regeneration.
The light conditions provided by the
irregular crop of mixed ages may result in The fellings are scattered over
C. D.
the young growth having a poor chance to comparatively large areas.
develop, except with shadebearing species.
E. All of the above

Answer: Option E

285. _________ consists of a crop arranged in two different stories, one above the other; each
story being approximately even-aged not of seedling as opposed to coppice origin:
A.Two-storied high forest B. Three-storied high forest
C. Four-storied high forest D.Five -storied high forest

Answer: Option A

286. Mulberry is introduced by ___________

A.Upper planting B. Under planting
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option B

287. What is coppice system?

A systems where the crop originates from A systems where the crop originates from
A.coppice and where the rotation of the B. coppice and where the rotation of the
coppice is short. coppice is long.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these

Answer: Option A

288. ________ consists in clear-cutting a fixed area annually which is regenerated by coppice
shoots:
A.Simple coppice system B. Complex coppice system
C. Uniform system D.None of these
 Answer: Option A

289. The irrigated plantations of the ______ are regenerated to a great extent by coppice:
A.Punjab B. Sindh
C. Boluchistan D.KPK

Answer: Option A

290. A clear-felling with a forest protection over wood and regeneration from coppice is called:
A.Simple coppice system B. Shelterwood coppice system
C. Uniform system D.None of these

Answer: Option B

291. From the onwards the coppice crop will be thinned on a ______ cycle:
A.5 years B. 7 years
C. 10 years D.None of these

292. In coppice with standard system how many rotations?

A.Two or more rotations B. Ten or more rotations
C. Twenty or more rotations D.None of these

293. As each coupe comes under felling the operations are being carried out:
Selection of standards of coppice rotation Thinning of standards of two coppice
A. B.
age for reservation. rotations and over.
C. Felling of mature standards D.Clear-felling the remaining coppice
E. All of the above
2. Forest Types and Geographical Distribution (30)

1. Alpine Scrub is:

Shrub formations often forming a quite Shrub formations often forming a quite
A. B.
dense cover 0.4 to 1.4 m dense cover 0.5 to 1.6 m
Shrub formations often forming a quite
C. D.None of these
dense cover 0.6 to 1.8 m
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. These are generally, but not always, developed above the birch zone and in patches,
sometimes extensive, within it, probably conditioned by edaphic and biotic factors, in
Kashmir, Gilgit, Chitral and Hazra. This type ascends normally to ______ or more
above the sub-alpine forests and climate must be similar but more severe than in sub-
alpine forests:
A.140 m B. 150 m
C. 160 m D.170 m
.
Answer: Option B

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3. The characteristic genera are ______ with Junipers and occasionally Rhododendron
or Ephedr.
A.Salix B. Lonicera
C. Berberis D.Controneaster
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

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4. Sub-alpine forest is:

Pinus wallichiana (blue pine) stand
A.Coniferous trees limited to Abies (Fir) B.
singly
In groups over an irregular, sometimes
C. D.All of the above
dense, lower storey of broadleaved trees
 .
Answer: Option D

.234

5. The conifers rarely exceed 8 m. In height, the broadleaved trees reach about 9m. And
the shrub growth about ______
A.1 to 3m B. 1 to 4m
C. 1 to 5m D.1 to 5m
.
Answer: Option A

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6. The conifers often attain a considerable girth even upto 3m. Whilst the brich may
reach _________
A.2.3 m B. 2.4 m
C. 2.5 m D.2.6 m
.
Answer: Option C

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7. This is the topmost tree formation in the Himalayas developed between about ______
on northerly aspects and perhaps 150 m. Higher on warmer slopes:
A.3,350 m to 3,800 m B. 4,450 m to 4,800 m
C. 5,550 m to 5,800 m D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

8. Sub-alpine forests found in:

A.Kashmir B. Dir
C. Swat D.Chitral
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E
 .

.234

9. Mean annual temperature is about 10

A.5 or 6 B. 7 or 8
C. 9 or 11 D.11 or 12
.
Answer: Option A

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10. Dry temperate forests depict:

A.The canopy is only rarely closed B. Is often formed of widely spaced
C. Free-standing D.Low-branching trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

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11. Dry temperate forests are distribute throughout the inner mountain ranges beyond the
effective reach of the south-west monsoon, notably in the upper reaches of the Indus and its
tributaries including the whole of:
A.Gilgit and parts of Chitral B. Nilam and Khaghan valleys
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

12. The altitudinal range is from about 1,525 m. To 3,350 m. Extending to ______ on southerly
aspects in case of dry temperate forests:
A.3,550 m B. 3,650 m
C. 3,750 m D.3,850 m
.
Answer: Option B

.234
13. Depth of snowfall varies from ________ increasing with elevation in case of dry temperate
forests:
A.1.4 to 6.0 m. B. 1.5 to 7.0 m.
C. 1.6 to 8.0 m D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

14. Himalayan moist temperate forests depict:

The chief character of this type is the They also extend into the dry temperature
A. B.
extensive development of coniferous forests regions
C. To a small extent into the sub-alpine forests D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

15. The conifers generally form a fairly complete forest cover of good height is:
A.22 to 44 m. B. 24 to 46 m.
C. 26 to 48 m. D.28 to 50 m.
.
Answer: Option B

.234

16. Moist depressions, steep cool slopes and the flatter deep soil carry deciduous broadleaved
forest consisting of genera like:
A.Acer B. Prunus
C. Fraxinus D.Aesculus
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

17. Annual temperature in case of Himalayan moist temperate forests: is _________

 A.12. B. 13.
C. 14. D.15.
.
Answer: Option A

.234

18. Annual rainfall for Murree is:

A.1,300 mm B. 1,400 mm
C. 1,500 mm D.1,600 mm
.
Answer: Option C

.234

19. The chief coniferous species are:

A.Pinus wallichiana B. Cedrus deodara
C. Piecea smithiana D.Abies pindrow
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

20. The temperature deciduous tree genera, Acer, Aesculus, Prunus, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Corylus
and Alnus are met with:
A.Fairly generally B. Form local consociations
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
21. Sub-tropical pine forest depict:
High forest in which Pinus roxburghii
Which may be upto 37.5 m. High with trees
A.(Chir) forms practically whole of the top B.
upto 2.0 or 2.5 m. In girth
canopy
The pine canopy tends to be nearly even
C. D.All of the above
aged over compact areas sometimes of
 considerable extent
.
Answer: Option D

.234

22. Chir forests are near the western limit of their range in Pakistan and they extend eastwards
upto _________
A.Bhutan B. Sri Lanka
C. Nepal D.Afghanistan
.
Answer: Option A

.234

23. Dry sub-tropical broad-leaved forests having:

Low forest of branchy trees forming a
A. B. Varying in density from complete closure
canopy
Under the most favourable conditions to
Typically field in with a shrub growth
C. scattered single trees or groups on the driest D.
which similarly varies in density
sites
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

24. Tropical dry deciduous forest having:

A.An open rather low forest composed B. A few trees of the thorn forest type
With a predominantly deciduous shrub
C. D.All of the above
layer
.
Answer: Option D

.234

25. Tropical thorn forests are these:

A.Which thorny usually hard wooded species B. The trees usually have short boles and low
 predominate, Acacia spp. Being particularly branching crowns which rarely meet except
characteristic on exceptionally favourable spots
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

26. Irrigated forests are:

The outcome of human efforts on sub- Where irrigation water could be made
A. B.
marginal lands available
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

27. Riverain forests are:

It is an important seral stage of tropical It forms a fairly complete canopy 12-15 m.
A. B.
thorn forest type. High
Which Acacia arabica jusually strongly
C. predominates with varying amounts of D.All of the above
Populus euphratica
.
Answer: Option D

.234

28. Tamarix-Poplar Forest is a dense thicket of Tamarix spp. With varying number of poplar
trees are distributed on fresh silt alluvium of the riverain tract of the Indus between
Muzaffargarh and Hyderabad with isolated occurrences as far north as _________
A.Peshawar B. Mardan
C. Swat D.Gilgit
.
Answer: Option A

.234
29. Tropical littoral and swamp forests is/are:
A.Tidal Swamp Forests B. Littoral Grassland
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

30. Tidal Swamp Forests is/are:

More or less dense forest of very low
A. B. Only 3-6 m
average height
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

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Littoral Grassland is/are:
On the coastal sand especially with
A. B. With little or no woody growth
incipient dune formation
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
.
3. Soils and Topography (19)

1. The word Soil me.:

Natural body which is composed of a The unconsolidated mineral material on the
A.mixture of organic and inorganic matter in B. surface of earth that serves as natural
which plants and other living organism grow medium for land plants
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. Soils are classified on the basis of physical properties which determine:

A.Productive capacity B. Supporting power
C. Mointure storage capacity D.Nutrients availability
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

3. Physical properties which are subjected to change by silvicultural operations are:

A.Soil structure B. Soil texture
C. Porosity D.Soil colour
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option G

.234

4. Effects/influences/functions of soil structure are:

A.Water holding capacity B. Aeration
C. Porosity D.Heat tr.fer
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option F
 .

.234

5. The major types of soil structure are:

Basis: The classification of soil structure is
based on size shape and stability of soil Major shape: Spheroidal, plate like, bloke
A. B.
aggregates. The soil aggregate may be of like, prism like
following forms
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

6. The development of soil structure from single grained or massive states conditions:
Single grained: Where each soil particles Massive: Clay fills the spaces and pores so
A. B.
function as an individual e.g. Sandy soil that the soil becomes dense and forms clods
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

7. The functions of soil structure are:

A.Key to fertility of soil B. Portant factor in soil erosion
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

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8. The major soil texture includes:

Medium textured soil (qual proportion of
A.Course textured soil (more sand particles) B.
very fine sand, silt and clay)
C. Fine textured soil (silt and clay) D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

9. Properties of 'Sand Particles' are:

A.Composed of mineral quartz B. Larger is size
C. Have large pores due to which they D.Do not retain water/nutrients
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

10. Properties of silts are:

A.Intermediate in size between sand and clay B. Powdery feeling
C. More plasticity than sand D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

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11. Properties of clay are:
A.Fine textured B. Highly plasticity
C. Have low drainage D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

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12. Loam me.:

Which exhibit light and heavy properties in
A.Mixture of sand, silt and clay B.
equal proportions
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

13. The importance of soil in forestry is/are:

A.Medium of plant growth B. Impact on stand density
C. Impact on ground cover D.Composition of forest
 E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

14. Geology is the study of earth. Earth's crust is divided into:

A.Ocean B. Continents
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

15. Geology and forestry deals with:

A.Soil formation B. Geology helps to suggest forest trees
C. Anchorage effect D.Root wedging
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

16. Soil organic matter includes:

A.The partially decayed B. Resynthesized plant
C. Animal residues D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

17. The major effects of soil organic matter are:

A.Soil depth B. Climatic situation
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

18. Sources of organic matter are:

A.Primary B. Secondary
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

19. Functions of organism matter are:

A.Provide N.P.S. B. Increase water holding capacity of soil
C. Reduce impact of falling rain drops D.Source of energy for micro-organisms
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
4. Forest Management (69)

1. Normal Forest depicts:

A specific composition and structure or form
Growing stock of the trees should be
A.of the forest, which is in harmony with the B.
suitably of desired products
environment or the locality factors
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. In practice forests are not normal. They are 'abnormal' in ways:

They are overstocked. This is found in
They are under stocked. This is due to larger
A.forests where there is more area of forest B.
proportion of area under immature crops
under the older age classes
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

3. Sustained yield management has how many advantages:

It ensures continuity of the forests
A. B. It ensures steady income to owner
indefinitely
It helps better organization of works, and
C. D.All of the above
assures steady employment
.
Answer: Option D

.234

4. The planned yield can differ due to many reasons. Johnson et. Al. List them as:
The long term estimate of total growth used There may be short-term fluctuations in
A.in forecasting may turnout too higher or too B. increment because of climate or treatment
low effects
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

5. Forest growing stock and increment are:

A.Stand B. Forest crop
C. Site D.Site quality
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

6. Forest crops are known as:

A.Nurse B. Main
C. Subsidiary D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

7. The major kinds of rotation are:

A.Physical B. Silvicultural
C. Technical D.Rotation of the greatest volume production
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

8. Effecting/effects of thinning are:

Delay in thinning is not compensated for in
terms of girth increment by removing larger
Average tree size in the remaining crop
A. B. volume, unless this volume represents a
increases with increasing weight of thinning
greater proportion of the growing stock than
did the earlier thinning
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

9. Working plan work involves activitie are:

Collection of data by survey, its assembly Based on the analysis and inferences of
A.and analysis to know about the effects of B. above to make a long-term prescription to
past treatment meet the objectives of management
To make provisions for the implementation
C. D.All of the above
and control of the treatment prescribed
.
Answer: Option D

.234

10. Logging me.:

It is an operation comprising felling of
trees, limbing, bucking and tr.portation of
A. B. It is process of watering the forest
the resulting product out of forest to the
point of its end use
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234
11. What are the major components of the timber harvesting system?
A.Logging planning B. Setting up of the crop to be felled
C. Felling of trees D.Tr.portation
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

12. Logging is effected by:

A.Terrain B. Lean of trees
C. Defect D.Wind fallen trees
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234

13. In case of terrain:

If slopes are steep certain mechanized Slopes also have great effect on timber
A. B.
operations are not possible breakage
Work on sloping terrain is also arduous and
C. D.All of the above
dangerous
.
Answer: Option D

.234

14. Lean varies with:

A.Slope and affects cutting operations B. Timber breakage and hang-up are more
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

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15. Species should have which type of qualities:

Species should require no elaborate method It should be able to grow easily without any
A. B.
of cultivation special effort
Species should be tough, hardy, and tolerant
C. D.All of the above
of repeated cutting
.
Answer: Option D

.234

16. Shelter wood system can be classified :

A.Uniform shelter wood system B. Group shelter wood system
C. Irregular shelter wood system D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D
 .

.234

17. Uniform shelter wood system me.:

If the canopy is opened out by creating
If canopy is opened out evenly in making
A. B. scaltered gaps which are subsequently
regeneration felling
extended over the whole area
If the canopy is oppened out gradually and
C. irregularly with a resulting in a more D.None of these
uneven aged forest
.
Answer: Option A

.234

18. Group shelter wood system me.:

If the canopy is opened out by creating
If canopy is opened out evenly in making
A. B. scaltered gaps which are subsequently
regeneration felling
extended over the whole area
If the canopy is opened out gradually and
C. irregularly with a long regeneration period, D.None of these
resulting in a more uneven aged forest
.
Answer: Option B

.234

19. Irregular shelter, wood system me.:

If the canopy is opened out by creating
If canopy is opened out evenly in making
A. B. scaltered gaps which are subsequently
regeneration felling
extended over the whole area
If the canopy is opened out gradually and
C. irregularly with a long regeneration period, D.None of these
resulting in a more uneven aged forest
.
Answer: Option C

.234
20. What is meant by simple coppice system?
When mature crop is removed by clear
When some selected shoots are selected for
A.felling and regeneration is entirely by B.
retention for future period
vegetative methods
When crop is partly of coppicing and partly
C. D.None of these
of seedling organ of different age clear
.
Answer: Option A

.234
21. Coppice selection me.:
When mature crop is removed by clear
When some selected shoots are
A.felling and regeneration is entirely by B.
selected for retention for future period
vegetative methods
When crop is partly of coppicing and
C. partly of seedling organ of different D.None of these
age clear
.
Answer: Option B

.234

22. Coppice with standard me.:

When mature crop is removed by clear
When some selected shoots are
A.felling and regeneration is entirely by B.
selected for retention for future period
vegetative methods
When crop is partly of coppicing and
C. partly of seedling organ of different D.None of these
age clear
.
Answer: Option C

.234

23. Regeneration me.:

A.Replacement of one crop by the other B. Rotation of crops
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A
 .

.234

24. What is meant by the term natural regeneration?

If it is achieved naturally without
A. B. If it is achieved by mechanically
involvement of man effort
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

25. What is meant by the term artificial regeneration?

If it is achieved naturally without
A. B. If it is achieved by mechanically
involvement of man effort
If it is achieved through the
C. D.None of these
involvement of human efforts
.
Answer: Option C

.234

26. What are the objects of artificial regeneration?

A.Supplementing natural regeneration B. Replacing natural regeneration
C. Afforestation D.Introduction of valuable exotics
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

27. What are the merits of natural regeneration?

A.Minimum exposure of soil B. Economy of labour
C. Flexibility D.Genetic improvement
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E
 .

.234

28. What are merits of artificial regeneration?

A.Quicker results B. Full and more even stocking
Concentration of all phases of forest
C. Species composition can be regulated D.
work
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option C

.234

29. What is meant by annual coupe?

The area to be felled in any particular The area to be felled in any month of
A. B.
year the year
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

30. The objects of the felling series:

To distribute felling and regeneration
Suitable distribution of age classes yeld
A.operations so as to suit local conditions B.
as calculated separately for each series
of administration and markets
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
31. What is meant by Clone?
Individuals arisen from one plant by If we propagate a tree of popular or willow
A. B.
vegetative propagation represent one clone by cutting than the new individual
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

32. What is meant by seed orchard?

For a long time it was held that the quality Starting from this statement more and more
A.of future plants depends primarily upon the B. attention was paid to the production of
quality of the seed seeds of good quality
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

33. Forest management me.:

The practical application of scientific,
A. B. Social principles to the administration
economic
Working of a forest estate for specific
C. D.All of the above
objectives
.
Answer: Option D

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34. Forest management involve tasks:

Control of composition and structure of Harvesting and marketing the forest
A. B.
growing stock produce
Administration of forest property and
C. D.All of the above
personnel
.
Answer: Option D

.234

35. Scope of forest management:

The process of making and effectuating
A. B. Plants to meet people's aims and aspirations
decisions
Each management decision is the selection
C. D.All of the above
of course of action
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

36. Production in forest is a long time process:

Such period could be anywhere between
It take tree considerable time to grow and few years and number of the time may not
A. B.
become useful be that important for the intangible products
as in case of tangible products like timber
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

37. Forests provide multiple benefits:

Whether grown for one single purpose like
Diverse needs and wants of the people are
A.timber or for any other purposes forests B.
met by the forests
satisfy many demands
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

38. Forests are assigned difficult inaccessible and low quality lands are
Forests get, what can be called as residual The result of the agriculture based
A. B.
lands in the land use civilization
Where the best available land is generally
C. D.All of the above
put under the plough
.
Answer: Option D

39. How much cut to be carried out in a managed forest?

To ensure the progressive improvement of
Only involves the meeting market demand
A. B. the growing stock to obtain future yields in
for the forest products but through the cut
perpetually
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
 Answer: Option C

.234

40. When to carry out the cut?

The growing conditions, market demand for
A. B. The requirements of silviculture
products
Regeneration age and timing of the cut are
C. D.All of the above
important consideration
.
Answer: Option D

.234
41. Where to carry out the cut?
The accessibility of market, ease of harvest,
economy in operations, labour availability,
A.The location of the cut is determined B.
protection of the land, maintenance of soil
fertility
Composiition of balance growing stock
C. D.All of the above
after the cut and so on
.
Answer: Option D

.234

42. How to obtain the cut?

Creating necessary conditions for expected
The degree of the cut will depend on the
accrual of the increment in the least
A.considerations of an early assured B.
possible time from the growing stock left
replacement of the forests
behind
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

43. The scope of forest management can be summed up by listing various activities involved as:
A.Control of growing stock, its structure and B. Distribution and marketing of forest
 composition produce
C. Administration of the forest property D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

44. The control of growing stock, its structure and composition are:
A.Site adaptation B. Choice of species and provenance
Regeneration age and timing of the cut are
C. D.Harvesting the produce
important consideration
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

45. Distribution and marketing of forest produce includes:

A.Logging plan B. Marketing information
C. Sale of produce D.Revenue
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

46. Administration of the forest property is:

A.Forest organization B. Management of forestry personnel
C. Monitoring and control D.Labour management and welfare
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

47. What are methods of planting?

A.Planting with naked roots B. Notch planting
C. Planting with ball of earth D.Planting with containers
 E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

48. What is the method of sowing?

A.Broadcasting B. Dibbling
C. Strip or line sowing D.Time of sowing
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

49. Seed Collection me.:

Quantity required: Sufficient quantity
Ripeness: Only ripe seed should be
A.should be collected so that failed areas are B.
collected.
timely restocked.
C. Trees suitable for seed collection D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

50. Trees suitable for seed collection is/are:

Plus trees: Trees of good genetic and Seed stands: Small patches of trees in the
A. B.
phenotic constitution forest which are better in characters
It is best to collect seed from trees in such
C. D.All of the above
groups
.
Answer: Option D

.234
51. Seed collection agencies me.:
A.Forest guard B. Labourers
Research institute (trained persons and
C. D.All of the above
proper selection of trees)
 .
Answer: Option D

.234

52. What is methods of collection?

A.From felled trees B. From standing trees
From homes of some rodents like sqirrel
C. From ground (seed lying on ground) D.
etc.
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

53. From felled trees is:

Seed should be collected from recently Should be fixed with time of seed harvest
A. B.
felled trees and time of felling (e.g) from the felling coupe trees
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

54. Collection from standing trees is:

Seed should be collected only from healthy The person should climb the tree and shake
A. B.
trees branches or pick the needs himself.
The falling seeds should be collected on a
C. D.All of the above
cloth sheet spread under the tree
.
Answer: Option D

.234

55. From ground is:

In many sp. Like Oak, walnut etc. The fruit
A. B. Seed can easily be collected from ground
fall down after ripening
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
 .
Answer: Option C

.234

56. Seed testing me.:

Purity: A sample of seed is weighed before Germination trests: A sample of seed is
A.cleaning and after cleaning. The result is B. sown in sand or soil in trays in the
expressed in percentage laboratory
C. The sample comprises of 50 or 100 seeds D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

57. Seed certificate me.:

In this certificate the species date of
Seed is tr.ported from one place to another a collection, locality from where collected,
A. B.
certificate should be sent alongwith characteristics of mother trees. Method of
collection and storage
C. Both (a) & (b) D. None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

58. Storage of seeds include:

A.Well-ventilated B. No dampness
C. Protection from rodents and insects D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

59. Generally seeds of species growing in cool temperate and dry tropical areas need some sort
of pre-sowing treatment is/are:
Mechanical treatment: In order to break
A.Weathering: Seed is exposed to sunlight, B.
hard seed coat seed is beaten or crushed
wind and rain
C. Fire treatment: Seed is covered with grass D.Water treatment: Seed is soaked in hot or
 etc. And grass is put on fire cold water for some hours or even days
before sowing
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

60. Seed orchard means:

The spacing is kept very wide in order to
It is plantation or group of good quality
enable to tree to freely spread its crown so
A.trees, which are purposely raised for the B.
that flowering and fruiting is healthy and
production of good quality seed
early.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

61. The important features of evaluation of site for plantation purposes are:
A.Geomorphology B. Soil feaures
C. Hydrologic features D.Vegetation features
E. All of the above
Answer: Option E

62. The factors should be considered before deciding about the species to be planted are:
A.Ecolo-social consideration B. Purpose of plantation
C. Effect on site D.Relative costs
E. All of the above
Answer: Option E

63. The ecolo-social considerations is / are:

A.Influence of soil and moisture conditions B. Influence of climate
C. Succession D.All of the above
Answer: Option D

64. Influence of soil and moisture conditions me.:

If soil is properly worked and weeding is It has been seen that in spite of high early
A. B.
carried out then any local spp can be success there is failure later on
planted nan area
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
Answer: Option C

65. Influence of climate me.:

 It is not compulsory that within a local
We know that southern aspects are hotter
A.climatic area only a particular tree grows B.
than northern aspects
well
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

66. Organization of staff and labor for afforestation me.:

The raising and management ofirrigated
A.Labour arrangements B. plantations is a highly specialized operation
requiring regular trained labour
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

67. Management of forests includes:

The natural resources and how wisely
A. B. Used deine process
utilized
A Country's wealth and well being of its
C. To a large extent D.
people involved
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

68. Coniferous forests having characteristics:

Nature over the past several hundred years They can be characterized as having a high
A.hs built-up a reserve of wood in the conifer B. volume of wood per hectare, but a very low
forests annual growth rate
The high volume per hectare is idal for
C. D.All of the above
meeting immediate timber needs
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

69. A minima rotation worth the name is specified which corresponds to the age at which the
trees reach the exploitable size which is usually 120 years, but is 150 years for the deodar, fir
and kail in the moist zone of Kaghan 200 years for the ry zone of ______
A.Swat B. Naran
C. Kaghan D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
5. Forest Mensuration (40)

1. Measurement involve in forest mensuration:

It is art of taking measurements for
The determination of the dimension, form,
compiling data. In forestry this art is applied
A.volume, age and increments of logs, single B.
/ used for measuring the forest produce e.g.
trees, stands or whole (B.C.F.T.)
Timber, firewood, standing trees or crop
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. The kinds of measurements in forest mensuration:

A.Cut/felled material B. Individual trees
C. Crop or stand D.Standing tree
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

3. The types of tree height is:

A.Total B. Bole
C. Merchantable D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

4. Measurement of felled tree material in forest mensuration is / are :

A.Stem B. Branches
C. Crown D.Bark
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E
 .

.234

5. Measurement of timber (Round) in forest mensuration is / are :

A.Xylometer method B. Mathematical formulae
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

6. Factor affecting wood measurement is / are :

A.Saw thickness (Kerf) B. Thickness of timber
The minimum length of sawn pieces, the
C. D.Wider the log, the lesser the wastage
more conservation and less wastage
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

7. Rules fr better stacking is / are:

Keep the conifer used separate from
A.Short billets pack better than long billets B.
hardwood
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

8. The overall weight of quantity of wood is affected by the factors

A.Density B. Moisture content
C. Bark and foreign material D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
9. The common methods of spacing in regular plantations are:
A.Line B. Square
C. Triangular D.Quincunx
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

10. The form of trees has been studied under the hedings:
A.Form quotient B. Form factor
C. Form point D.Taper tables, curves and formulae
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
11. The volume tables can be classified on the basis of the area of applicability or the
information contained in them. Are the broad classes?
On the basis of information contained in
A.On the basis of area B.
them
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

12. Construction procedure essentially involves the steps:

Determining the sample size for each
A.Selection of the sample trees B.
diameter and height class
Felling the trees in the forest and their
C. D.All of the above
careful measurement
.
Answer: Option D

.234
13. The yield tables are constructed by which procedure:
Separately for different species under
A. B. For full density crops of even-aged forests
specific conditions
C. Separately for different site qualities D.For pure and mixed species forest
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

14. Planning a forest inventory is / are based upon:

A.Time and funds available B. Forest classification system
C. Maps D.Quantity relationship
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

15. Advantages of sampling technique can be enumerated as:

Since the area of sampling units to be
A.measured is small, greater care can be B. Supervision can be improved
exercised in collection of data
Fewer but better trained personnel will
C. D.All of the above
suffice
.
Answer: Option D

.234

16. Errors in forest inventory is / are:

A.Sampling error B. Non-sampling error
C. Total error D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
17. Prism sampling is / are :
A.Basis and back-grounds B. It is a convenient way of thinking
The basal area of a stand can be obtained
C. D.All of the above
readily by multiplying rate and area
.
Answer: Option D

.234

18. Practical aspects of point sampling is / are:

A.Border lines cases B. Slope correlation
Trees should be vertical and cross-section
C. Sweep of 360 D.
circular
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

19. Forest Mensuration normally requires:

Whose objective is to supply the demand
for goods must know approximately at any
A.Managers of any commercial enterprise B.
time the quantity of the various items in
stock on hand
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

20. The growth of trees can be measured in the form of:

A.Diameter B. Height
C. Volume either of standing timber D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
21. Measurement of Diameter several instruments are used for measuring the diameters
 of trees depending on such circumstances as the position and condition of the part
of the tree that is to be measured, the degree of accuracy required, and the
portability, etc., of the instrument :
A.The Rule B. The caliper
C. The Diameter Tape D.Dendrometers
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

22. Measurement of height there are many instruments, which can be used for this
purpose; some of them are well suited to certain conditions and unsuited to others:
A.The tr.it B. The Abney Level
C. The Forest Service Hypsometer D.The Christen Hypsometer
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

23. Measurement of volume is conducted by which method / methods:

A.Xylometer B. The top
C. The stump D.Entire trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

24. Measurement of age is normally determined by:

A.From record B. From general appearance
C. From branch whorls D.From annual rings
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
25. Kinds of volume tables is / are:
A.General Volume tables B. Local Volume Tables
C. Form Quotient Volume Tables D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

26. General Volume Tables is / are:

A.Standard volume tables B. Commercial volume tables
C. Assortment tables D.Sawn outturn assortment tables
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

27. Local Volume Tables is / are:

Which are applicable to the more
restricted range of dimensions Felling series and can be derived from
A. B.
occurring in a given coupe, the general volume tables
compartment
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

28. Compilation of general standard volume tables is / are :

A.Field works B. Number of trees
C. Measurments D.Computations
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
 29. Field work includes:
Trees of typical height and
development should be selected in
A.Selection of trees B.
crops covering the range of distribution
to which the results are to be applied
Separate sets of trees may be required
Trees with abnormal defects such as
C. D.for different methods of thinning,
fork, broken top, etc.
origin of crops, etc.
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

30. The number of trees required as a basis for a satisfactory table depends upon:
A.The grouping adopted B. The precision required
The deviations of individuals tree
C. D.All of the above
volumes from the me. in each group.
.
Answer: Option D

.234
31. Volume tables for any species is presented in the form:
A.Dalbergia sissoo B. Standard stem timber in the round
C. Solid volumes under bark D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

32. Applicability of general volume tables is / are :

The point which is first to be decided is
A.Are available for a species B.
whether
Not these tables are directly applicable in a
C. D.All of the above
given locality or to a given coupe
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

33. Yield table is / are:

Per acre and other stand data for even-aged
A.A tabular statement of the volume B. stands of trees at different ages and site
qualities
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

34. A yield table for any species gives the following information on per acre basis for different
site qualities and at various ages of crops:
A.Age (5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 years) B. Main crop
C. Thinning D.Final yield
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

35. What are the contents of yield tables in term of main crop:
A.Average diameter B. Average height
C. Total basal area D.Number of trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

36. Final yield is determined by:

A.Basal area B. Stem timber
C. Total smallwood D.Total stem timber and smallwood
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.
 .234

37. Me. annual increment includes:

A.Stem timber B. Total stem timber and smallwood
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

38. Current annual increment is normally consist of:

A.Stem timber B. Total stem timber and smallwood
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

39. Importance of yield tables is / are :

That scientific management of any forest
Can hardly be over-emphasised and the fact
A. B. without yield and increment figure is not
is known to the foresters
imaginable
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

40. Application of yield tables is / are :

They are invaluable for determining the
A.These are used for a variety of purposes B.
productive capacity of forest areas
For predicting the future yield of existing
C. D.All of the above
crops and as an aid to thinning
.
Answer: Option D
6. Watershed and Range Management (160)

1. What are the helping factors of Watershed Management?

A.To cope with country's energy crises B. Appropriate funds must be allocated
Alternatives must be provided to the Evolve a long watershed policy for
C. D.
local community conserving the country's watershed
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

2. What is the object of watershed management?

An increase in agricultural production
which maintainsthe quantity of Increasing or maintaining standard of
A. B.
affordable food available to majority of buying of growig population
population
Increasing Gross National Product and
Reduce siltation in the major reservoirs
C. employment opportunities in all areas D.
like Tarbela & Mangla Dams
of nation
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

3. What is the strategy for watershed management?

The importace of integrating the
The production of quality water at the
resource bae and sound land use
A. B. right time & place is a extremely
withing the web of the catchments
important function of upl.
making up Pakistan rivers
There is little r public investment o
projects relted to dams, irrigation,
C. D.All of the above
canals and road construcion except for
governmental funded project
.
Answer: Option D

.234
4. The terms and definitions used in watershed management are:
A.Albedo B. Alluvial f.
C. Alluvium D.Aquiclude
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

5. Albedo me. :
The ratio of the amount of solar
The amount incident on it, also
A.radiation (or visible range of radiation) B.
expressed as a percentage
reflected by a surface
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

6. Alluvial F. me.:
Where a stream flow into a larger main
A. B. Suddenly free to spread out
valley
C. The stream slow down, loses energy D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

7. Material deposited by flowing water is called _______

A.Alluvium B. Alluvival F.
C. Albedo D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

8. ______ is a formation which contains water but can not tr.mit it rapdly enough to
 furnish a significant supply to a well or spring.
A.Alluvium B. Alluvival F.
C. Aquiclude D.Albedo
.
Answer: Option C

.234

9. A geologic formation which contains water and tr.mits it from one point to another in
quantities sufficient to permit economic development is called ________
A.Aquifer B. Alluvival F.
C. Aquiclude D.Albedo
.
Answer: Option A

.234

10. The basic components of watershed cycle are:

A.Precipitation B. Canopy interaction
C. Thorough fall D.Stem flow
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
11. The factors which affects of Infiltration Capacity (f):
As degree of aggregation increases f
A.Solid density increase, f increase B.
increases
C. Soil frost, reduces "f" D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

12. Measurement of infiltration capacity include:

Indirect method: several empirical methods
Direct measurement in water artificially
A. B. have been developed toestimate total
applied
infiltration in a catchment
 C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

13. Hydrological types of burning are:

A.Natural burning due to lightening B. Accidental burning due to negligence
Prescribed burning due to for land Prescribed burning due to for land
C. D.
manufacturing manufacturing
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

14. Hydrological types of fire are:

A.Ground fire B. Stem fire
C. Crown fire D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

15. Extent of damages me.:

A.Intensity of fire and its duration B. Type of vegetation
C. Intensity and time of precipitation D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

16. Hydrological effects of fire are:

A.Change of species B. Human and litter is burnt
Soil loss, surface run off and peak flow are
C. D.Infiltration capacity is decreased
increased
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234

17. Managing watershed in forest area is / are :

Practices for soil protection and flood
A. B. Practices for increasing water yield
control
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

18. Practices for soil protection and flood control are:

Protection from fire and grazing and cutting
A.Afforestation with soil stabilization B.
tree insect attack
C. Delay in snow melting D.Encourage deep-rooted plants
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

19. Practice for increasing water yield are:

A.Soil stabilization B. Keep minimum vegetation
Convert forest to other species and land
C. Favour, shallow rooted species D.
uses
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

20. Concentrate water saving efforts with:

A.Vegetation B. Engineering structures
C. Check dams D.Diversion channels
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234
21. Cropping methods in watershed areas are:
Land classification: Should be done
Land consideration: Land is divided into
A. B. according to (i) Permeability (ii) Percentage
small pieces of different owners
of cover (iii) Type of vegetation cover
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

22. Tillage Method: A farmer ploughs for purposes:

Preparation of seed beds for established of
A. B. To eliminate weed competition
plants
C. To replace soil layer by fresh layer soil D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

23. Improvement techniques of arable lands are:

A.Mulch tillage B. Contour cultivation
C. Tie Ridging D.Sub-soiling
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

24. Cropping systems are:

A.Intercropping B. Strip cropping
C. Rotation cropping D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D
 .

.234

25. Stream flow or discharges me.:

It is quantity of water flowing in the stream Quantity, quality and timing of water yields
A. B.
or channel are mostly affected by man
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

26. Units of measures are:

A.Cusecs: flow of cubic feet per second B. Cumecs: flow of cubic meter per second
Acre feet: volume of water required to
C. D.All of the above
cover one acre to a depth of one feet
.
Answer: Option D

.234

27. Components of stream flow: Sources of flow to channel are:

Channel interception or direct precipitation
A. B. Surface run-off
over the steam rain flow incident
C. Sub-surface flow or inter-flow D.Base flow
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

28. The types of stream flow are:

Seasonal flow: It is produced in direct Intermittent flow: This flow is sustained for
A.response to rainfall as steam lies above B. extended periods of time during rainy or
water table. The channel is called influent snow melt season
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

29. Hydrograph me.:

When discharge is plotted over time in Days resulting curve is known as
A. B.
minutes, hours hydrograph
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

30. Measurement of discharge of water is depicted by:

A.Q = AV B. A = Cross Sectional Area
C. V = Velocity of Water D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
31. Flood flow and frequency analysis are:
Flood stage: High water level human
Flood flower peak discharge: Max quality
A. B. property or which overflows the normal
or height (stage) of water during a period
banks of a stream
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

32. The main causes of flood are:

Local floods and their frequency is
A. B. Denudation is watershed
increased
C. Compaction of soil and decrease in inf rate D.Rainfall pattern
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.
 .234

33. The major types of floods are:

A.Long rain floods B. Snow melt floods
C. Slash floods (high rains) D.Tidal flood
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

34. Flood frequency analysis based on:

Flood data of past is collected and arranged
A. B. Ranking of observation is carried out
in descending order
Probability of occurrence of certain flood is
C. D.All of the above
known
.
Answer: Option D

.234

35. Range lands are:

Those areas of the world which by reason of
physical limitation, low and erratic Extreme temperature are unsuited to
A. B.
precipitation, rough topography, poor cultivation
drainage
A source of wood products, water and
C. D.All of the above
wildlife
.
Answer: Option D

.234

36. Range resources of Pakistan are:

Due to bioclimatic variations, the range Range condition of the areas also varies
A. B.
vegetation varies from one area to other from site to site
Alpine pastures and northern mountain
C. ranges are comparatively in fair to good D.All of the above
condition
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

37. Recoeions for improvement of range management in Pakistan are:

The biological techniques like stabilization Range lands provide habitat for the
A.of sand dunes should be expanded over to B. conservation of wildlife and preservation of
other ranges also other natural resources
New innovations like urea molasses etc may
C. help in meeting nutritional requirements of D.Research on range lands must be augmented
the livestock
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

38. Tr.-Himalayan grazing lands include:

A.Landscape and environment B. Land use
C. Range types D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

39. Tr.-Himalayan grazing lands spread over northern mountains in:

A.Dir B. Chitral
C. Swat D.Gilgit
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

40. The region constitutes a series of high mountain ranges of:

A.Karakrum B. Hindu Kush
C. Pamir D.All of the above
.
 Answer: Option D

.234
41. The altitude varies from 1500 to 8600 m and includes 19 peaks over 7600 m, such as:
A.K2 B. Nanga Parbat
C. Kakaposhi D.Trichmir
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

42. Vegetation of Tr.-Himalayan grazing land can be divided into:

A.The foothill ranges B. Dry temperate ranges
C. Valley depression grazing land D.Alpine pastures
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

43. Himalayan forest grazing lands cover:

A.Siran B. Kaghan
C. Neelam D.Jhelum
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

44. Degraded zone includes the area with heavy soil erosion:
A.Acacia modesta B. Capparis aphylla
C. Salvadora oleoides D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

45. The hotter sandstone aspect consists of:

A.Acacia modesta B. Gymnosporea royleama
C. Zizyphus nummularia D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

46. The cooler sandstone aspect has occasional trews of:

A.olea sp B. colitis sp
C. Acacia modesta D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

47. That Desert Ranges is / are:

The tract is bound by the piedmont of the
A.Over an area of 2.6 million ha. B.
Salt Range in the north
The Indus River flood plains in the west and
C. Jhelum and Chenab Rivers floob plains in D.All of the above
the east
.
Answer: Option D

.234

48. With the construction of Thal irrigation canal, about _____ sand dunes have been converted
into highly productive cultivated areas:
A.1 m ha B. 2 m ha
C. 3 m ha D.4 m ha
.
Answer: Option A

.234
49. Major types recognized in That Desert are:
A.Dunes B. Slopes
C. Foot of dunes flats D.Kankor sites
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

50. D.G. Khan range lands include:

The Sulaiman range and the Indus River
A. B. Average slope is gentle.
over an area of 0.5 million ha.
C. A few sand dunes are also found D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
51. D.G. Khan tract is typical of very arid:
A.Sub-mountainous area B. Sub-tropical area
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

52. The Cholistan desert is located in:

A.Bahawalpur B. Rahim Yar khan
C. Bahawalnagar D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

53. Cholistan Desert ranges covers about ________

A.2.7 million ha B. 2.8 million ha
C. 2.9 million ha D.None of these
.
 Answer: Option A

.234

54. Major land forms Cholistan Desert ranges is / are :

The first sandy terrace above the Hakra
A.Subrecent river plain B.
River (late pleistocene)
The second sandy terrace above the Kakra The third sandy terrace above the Hakra
C. D.
River plain (late pleistocene) River plain (middle pleistocene)
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

55. The vegetation of Cholistan consists of:

A.Exrophytic tree B. Shrubs
C. Grasses D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

56. The major range types found in Cholistan are:

Eleusine compressa/Haloxylon
A.Lasiurus sindicus / Haloxylon salicornicum B.
salicornicum
Haloxylon recurvum/salsola foetida and
C. D.All of the above
suaeda fruticosa
.
Answer: Option D

.234

57. The Tharparkar Desert is situated in:

A.Tharparkar B. Sanghar
C. Mirpur Khas D.All of the above
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

58. Tharparkar Desert ranges covers ______ million ha.

A.2.65 B. 2.7
C. 2.75 D.2.8
.
Answer: Option A

.234

59. The major range type found in Tharparkar Desert Range is:
A.Sand dunes B. Valleys
C. Flat alluvial plains D.Rocky hills
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

60. Kohistan ranges are situated in:

A.Karachi B. Thatta
C. Dadu D.Lasbela
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
61. Kohistan ranges cover about ________ million ha.
A.2.3 million B. 2.4 million
C. 2.5 million D.2.6 million
.
Answer: Option A

.234
62. Land in Koshistan is used for livestock grazing:
A.Dryland farming B. Wildlife habitat
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

63. The vegetation of Kohistan is dictated by:

A.Topography B. Soil type and relief
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

64. Important plants in the Kohistan ranges forest grazing lands are:
Trees/Shrubs: Acacia nilotics, A. Senegal, Grasses: Aristida adscensionis, A. Nutabilis
A. B.
Barleria acanthoides, Calotropis procera Cenchrus ciliaris, C. Biflorus
Forbs: Aerva tomentosa, Cassia holosericea,
C. D.All of the above
Convolvulus glomeratus, Crotolaria biforia
.
Answer: Option D

.234

65. Baluchistan province has a total geographic area of:

A.34.73 million ha. B. 46.50 million ha.
C. 56.80 million ha. D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

66. The temperatures in the Sibi plain can reach ______ in summer and drop to 1 to 3
A.45 B. 50
C. 55 D.None of these
 .
Answer: Option B

.234

67. Important mountain ranges in the Baluchistan are:

A.Sulaiman B. Toba-Kakar
C. Central Brahui D.Kirthar
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

68. Important Hills in the Balushistan are:

A.Siahan B. Pab
C. Central Makran D.Makran Coast
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

69. The common plants of Baluchistan intermountain ranges are:

A.Juniperus excelsa B. Pistacia
C. Fraxinus D.Caragana
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

70. Range land of Baluchistan can be divided primarily into which categories:
A.Central Baluchistan ranges B. Western Baluchistan ranges
C. Eastern Baluchistan ranges D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D
.

.234
71. Suleman Mountain ranges cover about how much are.
A.1.5 million ha B. 2 million ha
C. 2.5 million ha D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

72. The elevation of the Sulaman Range is between _____ above sea level:
A.1000 and 2000 m B. 1540 and 3400 m
C. 2000 and 4000 m D.None of these
.
Answer: Option B

.234

73. Annual rainfall in sulaman Mountain ranges:

A.From 200 to 250 mm B. From 300 to 400 mm
C. From 400 to 500 mm D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

74. Range Improvement involve special treatments or operations that will enhance:
A.Agricultural productivity B. Improvement of land
C. Growth of weeds D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

75. Range improvement is classified as:

A.Plant introduction trials B. Range reseeding
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
 .
Answer: Option C

.234

76. Natural revegetation is:

Cheapest and slow process of Costly and fast process of rehabilitating
A. B.
rehabilitating depleted rangelands depleted rangelands
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

77. Natural revegetation can be achieved by:

Changing season of use, initiating
A.Reducing stocking rates B.
special grazing systems
Additional water developmnt and
C. Proper distribution of livestock D.protecting of the area from livestock
grazing for longer periods
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

78. Which area of Pakistan ha a high potential for natural revegetation:

A.Pothwar B. Chholistan
C. River side D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

79. Artificial reseeding is prescribed in which circumstances:

When natural vegetation cannot
A.recover within a short period and there B. In grassy plains
are few desirable species
 C. In flooded areas D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

80. Name the principles and procedure which are used for reseeding of desert rangeland
in Pakistan:
A.Proper selection of range sites B. Choice of ecologically suitable species
C. Use of mixture D.Elimination of plant competition
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
81. Reseeding is generally successful on the sites where:
Soil moisture and nutrients for plant growth
A. B. In grassy lands
are adequate
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

82. Reseeding is not likely to be successful on areas receiving less than ______
A.300 mm B. 400 mm
C. 500 mm D.600 mm
.
Answer: Option A

.234

83. The desert range areas are generally ploughed with a disc, followed by a cultivator, the
general characteristics of an ideal seedbed are:
A.Very firm bolow seeding depth B. Well pulverized and mellow on top
C. Not cloddy or puddled D.Free from plant competition
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234

84. In the Thal area, planting tufts of:

A.Cenchrus ciliaris B. Lasiurus sindicus
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

85. Large scale reseeding of selected grasses and lagumes can be undertaken immediately in
comparaively high rainfall areas of:
A.Pothwar B. Himalayan forest grazing land
C. Salt range D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

86. Range lands in Pakistan are located in:

A.Arid areas B. Semiarid areas
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

87. Alpine pastures, Tr.-Himalayan ranges and Himalayan forest grazing lands have a large
number of:
A.Rivers B. Perennial springs
C. Seepage water for livestock D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

88. The desert rangelands of ______ are within the reach of monsoon rainfall:
A.Thal B. Cholistan
C. Thar D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

89. Except in the _______ most of the rangelands are located in the arid and semi-arid areas:
A.Himalayan forest grazing areas B. Pothwar scrub ranges
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

90. _______ mountains of Pakistan are subject to heavy soil erosion:

A.Northern B. Western Baluchistan ranges
C. Southern D.Eastern
.
Answer: Option A

.234
91. Where sand dunes normally occur?
A.Sand accumulates B. Sand deposited
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

92. Longitudinal sand dunes move slowly at the rate of _____ per annum:
A.5 meters B. 10 meters
C. 20 meters D.30 meters
.
 Answer: Option B

.234

93. Sand dunes adversely affect:

A.Communication system B. Human health
C. Cultivation D.Animal health
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

94. Chollistan Desert located near the city:

A.Multan B. Bahawalpur
C. Sahiwal D.Rawalpindi
.
Answer: Option B

.234

95. _______ is the oldest known practice used by man to manipulate range vegetation for
livestock grazing:
A.Range burning B. Water spreading
C. Sand dune fixation D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

96. What are the major reasons for burning rengeland:

Increase the palatability of forages and
A.removal of old, dead material, thus B. Suppression of undesirable brush plant
increasing utilization by grazing animals
Preventing invasion of inferior species and
C. to start grass growth 1-3 weeks earlier on D.All of the above
fresh burns
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

97. Forage yield of grass depends on soil moisture after burning. In wet areas when there is
enough presipitation after burning, forage yield can be increased by ________
A.50 percent B. 60 percent
C. 70 percent D.80 percent
.
Answer: Option A

.234

98. Range fertilization is:

Use of chemical fertilizer in rangelands is This is probably true in the arid and semi-
A. B.
considered an uneconomical luxury arid rangelands
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

99. Goals of range management policy is / are :

Development of the under-developed
A.Increasing the supply of forage and fodder B.
rangelands
Maintendance of the quality of human
C. D.All of the above
environment and its improvement
.
Answer: Option D

.234

100. Goals of scientific range management could be achieved as:

All range lands of Pakistan be Independent and effective organisations be
developed/managed primarily for livestock created at provincial as well as central
A. B.
production consistent with multiple land levels to develop and manage vast
use concept rangelands resources
C. The survey of record of rights, where it has D.Preparation of livestock feeds from agro-
 not been carried out yet, be taken in hand industrial wastes and by-products be
as quickly as possible encourages
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
101. The Watershed is:
It is a Land body which drains into a
A. B. Its an other name of catchment watershed
stream system
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

102. It is delineated by a circumscribing boundary called:

The divide and has an outlet which is either
A. B. A measuring point
the moth of the stream
C. Other designated point of interest D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

103. Watershed' is preferred in U.S. Literature, and 'Catchment' is more common in _______
terminology:
A.English B. German
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

104. The terms _______ are used synonymously:

A.Watershed and Catchment B. Land body and dimension depth
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
 Answer: Option A

.234

105. A watershed may be just be small depression of the land or it may comprise whole sub-
continents as for the large river basins of the eearth:
A.Wolga B. Indus
C. Ganges D.Amazonas
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

106. Watershed management is:

The objective can be conservation of soil
The management of watershed area to and water, regulation of stream flow
A. B.
achieve certain objectives of management regime, flood control, reduction of
sediment, ground water recharge etc.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

107. About 70% of the ______ hectares of land on earth are watershed land:
A.10 billion B. 15 billion
C. 20 billion D.25 billion
.
Answer: Option A

.234

108. People in habiting:

The watershed areas are surviving just on Further improverished on account of over-
A.subsistence level due to limited resource B. grazing, removal of vegetation, and
gradually getting cultivation on steep scopes
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
 .
Answer: Option C

.234

109. At present ______ population is living in the watershed areas and are converting forest into
agriculture land for food production:
A.50-80% B. 55-85%
C. 60-90% D.65-95%
.
Answer: Option A

.234

110. It is estimated that ______ square km land has been converted to unproductive deserts in the
last 50 years:
A.3.7 million B. 3.8 million
C. 3.9 million D.4 million
.
Answer: Option A

.234
111. In Pakistan about ________ area is arid or semi arid and agriculture is not possible without
irrigation:
A.40% B. 50%
C. 60% D.70%
.
Answer: Option C

.234

112. The importance of watershed management was realized when Pakistan signed Indus Water
Treaty with India through which right of water of ______ was given to India while Pakistan
has the right on river Indus and Jhelum:
A.Chenab B. Ravi
C. Sutlij D.All of the above
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

113. Mangla dam on river:

A.Jhelum B. Chenab
C. Indus D.Ravi
.
Answer: Option A

.234

114. Tarbela dam on river:

A.Jhelum B. Chenab
C. Indus D.Ravi
.
Answer: Option C

.234

115. Tarbela dam is being silted at ______ acre feet per year while Mangla is being silted at a
rate of _____ acre feet per year due to misuse of their watershed are.
A.109000, 42,000 B. 110000, 43000
C. 115000, 44,000 D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

116. Main source of energy in Pakistan is :

A.Hydro-electricity B. Atomic energy
C. Coal energy D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234
117. Government of Pakistan has realized the importance of watershed management and an
extensive watershed development programme is being implemented in:
A.Northern part of the country B. Azad Jammu and Kashmir
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

118. Special courses have been introduced at:

A.Pakistan Forest Institute B. Forest Schools
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

119. Watershed regions of Pakistan is/are:

But distinct from each other in two major
Which are sufficiently homogeneous in characteristics i.e., land form and climate,
A. B.
themselves the factors which mainly determing the
framework for watershed management
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

120. Main watershed regions and their problems are:

A.The northern mountain region B. The uplands of northern Punjab
C. The western mountain region D.The southwest Boluchistan plateau
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
121. The northern mountain region problems is / are :
 The inland Indus Basin above Attock with
The inland in Jhelum Basin upstream of
A.Swat-Chitral and Gilgit tributary B.
Mangla
catchments
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

122. The uplands of northern Punjab problems is / are :

A.This is a relatively small B. But highly complex upland plain
Some smaller water shed development
C. D.All of the above
projects are included in the region
.
Answer: Option D

.234

123. The western mountain region problem is / are:

It includes the catchments of Kohat, Toi Since most of the catchments are poorly
A.Kurran, Zhob-Gomel and small streams of B. vegetated, there is a high degree of surface
the Qutta District run-off from the land during the rain
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

124. The wouth west Boluchistan plateau problem is:

A.It is not a water producing area B. It lies west of Kirthar Range
Much of the land is unused and the rest is
C. D.All of the above
poor grazing
.
Answer: Option D

.234

125. The coastal belt problems is / are:

 It includes Hub, Parli-Kud, and Dasht river It comprise the land berween the Makran
A. B.
catchments range and the Arabian sea
Most of the coastal zone is desertic or
C. D.All of the above
grass-land much oversued as pasture
.
Answer: Option D

.234

126. The Indus plain problems is / are :

The region is not in itself a water In the north, several large tributaries join
A. B.
producing area the Indus
The Jhelum Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej flow
in to it from the east and the Kabul, Swat,
C. D.All of the above
Kurram and Gomel descend from the
western ranges
.
Answer: Option D

.234

127. The socioeconomic condition of the people in watersheds areas are:

The people living in these areas have small The average size being less than even 2
A. B.
holding acres
They have too little education and lack the
C. D.All of the above
requisite skills to improve their lot
.
Answer: Option D

.234

128. Efforts made to improve the watersheds in Pakistan is /are :

To introduce watershed and soil Several organization dealing with soil and
A.conservation practices in Pakistan are about B. water conservation and watershed
a 100 years old management are involved
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

129. The projects are being implemented either through the country's own resources or with the
help of donor agencies such as:
A.World Food Organization B. UNDP
C. The World Bank D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

130. Alternative strategies and approaches is / are :

Creation of public awareness of the
A. B. The use of incentives
problem
Introduction of small scale rural uplift
C. D.Training and education
scheme
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
131. Creation of Public awareness of the problem is / are :
Although the mountain main can see that
the ground on which he is living is
gradually slipping from under his feet, He would see village after vanishing
A.every other day he comes across land-slips, B. around him, but prefers to adopt a casual
land-slides, disappearance of once fertile care-free attitude.
agricultural land, scarce vegetation even
becoming s
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

132. The use of incentives approaches is / are:

Due to a variety of measures such as The traditional freedom of the inhabitants
A. B.
terracing, plantations and restricted grazing is curbed in the uplands and they become
 reluctant to accept offers of improvement
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

133. Introduction of small-scale rural uplift schemes approaches is / are :

Most of the projects implemented in the
The major benefits are derived largely by
A.watersheds involving soil and water B.
the people living in the plains
conservation measures
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

134. Training and education approaches is / are:

The inhabitants of the upland areas usually
It would be appropriate that vocational
do not have the required known-how for
A. B. training centers are set up in suitable
conceiving, planning and implementing the
localities
watershed management program
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

135. Tr.fer of information and technology approaches is / are:

Although considerable data have been
And research conducted it is observed that
A.collected and are available pertaining to the B.
exchange of information
case studies
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
136. Watershed planning approaches is / are:
Indentification of the existing conditions of
a catchment in terms of physical, social and
Management of a catchment to provide
economic consideration with subsequent
A.maximum benefit for man implies B.
development of management pl. to attain
utilization of the planning process
short and long term goals is prerequisite to
maintaining productive watersheds
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

137. Need for planning objectives is / are :

Such as rehabilitation of severely eroded
Needed to permit appropriate decision lands, protection of sensitive areas,
A. B.
making in the plan development phase improvement of water yield, reduction in
flooding and / or siltation, etc.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

138. Management constraints - the constraints of management need to be identified in the initial
phase of planning:
A.Physical B. Biological
C. Social D.Institutional
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

139. The major factors related to organizational structure are:

One agency which is directly involved with Planning for multi-resources should
the resources to be managed should be include input from all of the technical and
A. B.
responsibly for plan development and social sectors from various agencies, local
implementation communities, etc.
C. The project funding should be D.All of the above
 .
Answer: Option D

.234

140. Watershed management planning phases is / are:

A.Reconaissance Survey B. Local or watershed level survey
C. Watershed inventory D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234
141. The inventory should include the collection of data requirements are:
A.Physical, climatic, edaphic, geologic, biotic B. Land used and land capability
C. Socio-economic data D.Institutional and cultural factors
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

142. Selection of the "best" alternative should be based on several factors:

Available resources in terms of funding,
A.Technical soundness of the plan B.
manpower, infrastructure, etc.
Institutional (legal, political) potential for
C. D.All of the above
success
.
Answer: Option D

.234

143. Watershed works plan - A detailed plan of operation should be developed which permits a
timely, appropriately funded (quarterly, annually, etc.) operation of the plan. The plan
should include details of:
A.Objectives and goals of the plan B. The sequence of operations and procedures
Procedures to be used for the various Time schedule whiel includes realistic flow
C. D.
segments of the plan from one operational sequence to another
E. All of the above
 .
Answer: Option E

.234

144. Range improvement techniques are:

A.Range reseeding B. Range burning
C. Range fertilization D.Stock water development
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

145. Range reseeding is:

A.Natural reseeding B. Artificial reseeding
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

146. Stock water development is:

A.Tobas B. Karez
C. Small dams D.Spring
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

147. How plants tolerate grazing are:

Position of apical bud of bud is at surface High portion of flowering to vegetative
A. B.
level more resistant stems
C. Delay in elevation of apical bud D.Sprout freely from axillary bud
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234

148. What are the principles of range management?

A.Correct kind animals B. Correct number of animals
C. Correct season of range use D.Correct distribution of livestock
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

149. Range suitability is the adoptability of range area to grazing by livestock. Factor to be
considered for it:
A.Kind of vegetation B. Topography
C. Availability of drinking water D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

150. Frazing systems are:

A.Grazing systems in the northern mountains B. Grazing pattern in desert ranges
Grazing systems in Balochistan and
C. D.All of the above
Sulaiman mountain range
.
Answer: Option D

.234
151. Grazing systems in the northern mountains are:
A.Nomadic grazing B. Semi nomadic grazing
C. Local grazing D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.
 .234

152. Grazing systems in Balochistan and Sulaiman mountain range are:

A.Spring - summer nomadic tr.humance B. Winter nomadic tr.humance
C. Sedentary nomadic D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

153. Range land rehabilitation policies and measures are:

Policies: Develop system for effective Measures: Enforce existing land reform
periodic closure of range lands, to laws where absentee holdings of large
A. B.
rehabilitate them and ensure sustainable tracts of range land are the impediment to
livelihoods to range dwellers proper management
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

154. Range management includes:

The term "Range" refers to a vast area It is suitable for grazing and browsing by
A. B.
supporting natural vegetation livestock
Its application of scientific knowledge on
rangelands and related resources for
C. D.All of the above
obtaining maximum feed for a variety of
livestock on sustained basis
.
Answer: Option D

.234

155. Pakistan has a total livestock population of about 100 million heads, composed primarily of
______:
A.Goats B. Sheep
C. Cattle D.Buffaloes
E. All of the above
.
 Answer: Option E

.234

156. About _______ people in this country living from Himalayas to the coast of Arabian sea
depend on livestock for their bread and butter and are engaged in its herding and rearing:
A.1.5 million B. 2 million
C. 2.5 million D.3 million
.
Answer: Option C

.234

157. A country where _____ per cent of the total aea consists of moutains, gullied foot hills, arid
waste and deserts, can never achieve the desired progress unless major part of this usable
waste is harnessed to the advantage of its people:
A.50 to 55 B. 55 to 60
C. 65 to 70 D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

158. Range resources of Pakistan is/are:

From alpine pastures in the northern Mediterranean ranges in the western
A. B.
mountains to temperate mountains
Arid and semi-arid desert ranges in the
C. D.All of the above
Indus plain
.
Answer: Option D

.234

159. About ______ percent of the country is arid to semi-arid:

A.50 B. 60
C. 70 D.None of these
.
 Answer: Option C

.234

160. The areas laying above an altitude of about ______ and below zone of perpetual snow
constitute alpine pasturs:
A.3000 m B. 4000 m
C. 5000 m D.6000 m
.
Answer: Option A
7. Tree Morphology (15)

1. Tree Morphology' me.:

A branch of biology, which deals with
Every tree has parts: Crown, stem, and
A.external appearance or structure of B.
roots
plants
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. Shapes of crown serve to expose the leaves to sunlight and air. The types of crowns
of tree:
A.Conical B. Umbrella
C. Spherical D.Columnar
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

3. Crown includes:
A.Palm trees B. Bamboo
C. Conifers D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

4. General characteristics of crown are:

In young age crowns are usually conical
Drooping forms also occur in many
A.in shape but as the time passes the B.
species e.g. Polyalthia longifolia
crown shape becomes rounded
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.
 .234

5. Variation in 'Stem shape' is:

in Most conifers, many species of bole
In Teak seedlings have no branches till
A.dipterocarpus, Eucalyptus, Populus and B.
their third growing season
Salmalia malabarica etc.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

6. Forked Stem' is:

Sometimes two shoots appear at the Forking is often caused by injuries such
same time, giving usually a larger as those resulting from frost damage,
A. B.
crown but from the forester's point of 1, wind or hail storms, insect attack,
this is a most unsatisfactory bole particularly by budwarm (Salmalia)
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

7. How many parts of bark ?

A.Outer part - dead B. Inner part - living (Cortext)
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

8. Functions of bark are:

As a protective material against extreme If the temperature is very light or very
A. B.
conditions of temperature cold whatever the case may be
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.
 .234

9. Reasons for fluting (buttressing) stem:

Such irregularity may be the result of Also because of insect attack and
A. B.
epicormic branches genetical inheritance.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
Answer: Option C

10. Thorniness me.:

It is generally characteristics of
Are longer when present in a young
A.species, which are growing in a dry B.
coppice or shoot
area
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
Answer: Option C

11. Exotic species, which brought for plantation from some other country to our country or even
from one ecosystem to other ecosystem are called, as exotic species like:
A.Pinus nigra - Japan B. Euralyptus - Australia
C. Polunia - China D.All of the above
Answer: Option D

12. The stages in the development of a tree are:

A.Seedling B. Sapling
C. Pole D.Tree stages
E. All of the above
Answer: Option E

13. The 'Root system' is:

A.Form of roots B. Root growth
C. Special roots D.All of the above
Answer: Option D

14. How to induce flowers and stimulation of flowering and seedling are:
A.Girdling method B. Root pruning
C. Typing a knot D.Grafting
E. All of the above
Answer: Option E

15. Methods of breaking of 'Dormancy' are:

A.Weathering B. Mechanical
C. Fire treatment D.Water treatment
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E
8. World of Trees (32)

1. The maximum age of any tree established so far is in Bristlecone (Pinus longaeva), which
grows at _______ above sea level on the northeast face of Nevada U.S.A.
A.3275m(10.750 ft) B. 3560m
C. 4050m D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

2. The largest known petrified tree is one of Sequoiadendron giganteum with a ______ trunk,
near Coaldale, Nevada, U.S.A.
A.79.5m B. 89.9m (295 ft)
C. 99.5 m D.None of these
.
Answer: Option B

.234

3. The oldest known living tree is the Bristlecone pine named "Methusela" at 3050 m (10,000 ft)
in the ________ , confirmed as 4700 years old:
A.California B. Washington
C. New York D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

4. The earliest species of tree still surviving is the Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba) of Zhexiang,
______, which first appeared about 165,000,000 years ago, during the Jurassic er.
A.Korea B. Japan
C. China D.Malaysia
.
Answer: Option C

.
 .234

5. Fastest rate of growth recorded (excluding Bamboo, which is not a tree botanically but woody
grass) is known from Albizia falcate, planted on 17th June 1974 in Sabah, ______.
A.Malaysia B. China
C. Korea D.Japan
.
Answer: Option A

.234

6. The slowest growth rate has been 3ed from cycad, known as Dion edule from Mexico
measured in ________
A.1980 B. 1981
C. 1982 D.1983
.
Answer: Option B

.234

7. Bonsai is well known over centuries from ______

A.Japan & Malaysia B. Japan & China
C. China & Malaysia D.None of these
.
Answer: Option B

.234

8. Christmas facts of trees is:

It is a common tradition in Christian home, To decorate their houses with a Christmas
A. B.
all over the world. tree at the time of Christamas
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

9. The first Christmas tree was decorated at Windser Castle by Prince Albert in ______
 A.1840 B. 1842
C. 1843 D.1844
.
Answer: Option B

.234

10. The world's tallest cut Christmass tree was 67.36 meters (221 ft.) tall Douglas fir
(Pseudosuga menziesil):
A.67.36 meters (221 ft.) B. 70 meters
C. 75 meters D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234
11. Olive facts of trees are:
A unique position among the legends and When the ark of Noah (Prophet Nooh) was
A. B.
folklore of early man stranded on the slopes of Mount Ararat
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

12. The Mango facts of trees is:

The wood, bark and leaves are all used for
An important role in certain religious and
A. B. hawan (fire that is ignited at the time of
cultural festivities in the Hindu Religion
worship)
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

13. Asoka facts of tree is:

The usually planted near temples, houses,
A.The sacred trees in India B.
and gardens
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
 .
Answer: Option C

.234

14. The banana facts of trees is:

The leaves and fruits are used in most
A.The sacred in the Hindu religion B.
religious ceremonies
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

15. The Baobab facts of trees is:

It is associated with foMythology, probably
In Africa as a whole and West Africa in
A. B. because of its obese appearance medicinal
particular, takes a unique position.
value
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

16. Tree marriages is a symbolic nuptial ceremony or union of a person with a tree and is
widespread in _________
A.India B. China
C. Malaysia D.Japan
.
Answer: Option A

.234

17. Apart from natural timber, harvested from trees, many wood-based panel products are
produced which includes:
A.Plywood (including blackboard) B. Particle board
C. Compressed fiberboard D.Non-compressed fiberboard
E. All of the above
 .
Answer: Option E

.234

18. The deserts of the world are discontinuously distributed in a pair of parallel belts lying about
______ North and South of the equator.
A.25 B. 30
C. 35 D.40
.
Answer: Option A

.234

19. The biggest desert belt running from the Atlantic to _______ , including Sahara and some
other samaller deserts such s the Arabian Desert (Arrub-al-Khali):
A.China B. India
C. Australia D.Iran
.
Answer: Option A

.234

20. Dasht-i-Lut. And Desht-i-Kafir) desert in:

A.Afghanistan B. Turkey
C. Iran D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
21. The high cold Gobi Desert in _______
A.China and Magnolia B. China and Pakistan
C. China and India D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.
 .234

22. Rajasthan Desert in:

A.Pakistan and India B. Pakistan and China
C. Pakistan and Afghanistan D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

23. The desert areas in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent covers about ________

A.1.8 million square km B. 1.7 million square km
C. 1.9 million square km D.None of these
.
Answer: Option B

.234

24. The Sonoran desert of northwest Mexico and its continuation in southwest ______ , the
Mojava of Nevada and Eastern Californi.
A.United State B. Chile
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

25. The Atacama desert of Coastal South America running from southern Ecuador to central
______, between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean:
A.United State B. Chile
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option B

.234

26. The Namib and the Kalahari deserts in:

A.Southern Africa B. Northern Africa
 C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option A

.234

27. The entire Continental Interior of _______

A.Australia B. United State
C. China D.Iran
.
Answer: Option A

.234

28. The Cholistan Desert lies in Bahawalpur in Punjab and its continuation in ______ , in Sindh
province:
A.Shahkar Pur B. Khairpur
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

29. Plant damages are:

A.Biotic effect B. Abiotic effect
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

30. Control measures to check tree damages are:

A.Use of resistant varieties B. Physical
C. Biotechnical D.Biological
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E
.

.234
31. Seed collection, extraction and viability testing are:
A.Floating B. Germination
C. Tetrazonium chloride D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

32. Change Manga forest area is located in which district of Punjab?

A.Kasur B. Lahore
C. Okara D.Sahiwal
.
Answer: Option A

.234
9. Forest Classifications (20)

1. Division of forest into stands on the bais of age is:

A.Even aged stand B. Un-even aged stand (selection forest)
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

2. Influence of even-aged and un-even aged groups on the tree (differences) are :
A.To bole length B. To growth rings
C. To shade D.To number of trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

3. Division of forest into stands on the basis of composition is / are:

A.Pure stand B. Mixed stand
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

4. Difference between pure and mixed stands is / are :

A.To temperature B. To conditions favourability
C. To destruction D.To extreme conditions favourability
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
5. Advantages of pur forest are:
The forest easily be managed (rotation
In pure forest less skill of forester is required
A.period is same soil felling can be carried out B.
than in mixed forest.
at the same time.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option E

.234

6. Advantages of mixed stand are:

A.Utilization of site properly B. Wind damages
C. Snow damages D.Insect damages
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

7. Division of forest into stands on the basis of density is / are :

The relative closeness of trees is called
A. B. To closeness of crowns boles and roots
density
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

8. Conditions or factors which influence the crown closure is:

A.Manner of formation of tje stand B. Quality of soil
C. Soil moisture D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

9. Degree of crown density in a forest stand is:

A.Closed B. Densse
 C. Thin D.Open
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

10. The influences of crown on trees is:

A.Quality of bole or wood B. Volume production per unit area
C. Control composition of species D.Regulate seeds and resin production
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234
11. The replacement of old forest stands by ______ is called regeneration.
A.New B. Young
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

12. Methods of regeneration are:

A.Seed B. Vegetative
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

13. Coppicing system of vegetative regeneration is / are :

The species (Quercus incana) produce
The species (Shisham and Acacia nilotica)
A. B. coppices hoots also but they are few and
produce good and vigorous coppice shoots
weak
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
 Answer: Option C

.234

14. Management of forest by coppicing depends upon stumps height is / are:

If very tall stump, will be left it will give When stump are of average height, they will
A.more coppicing shoots due to its thickness B. produce coppicing shoots easily e.g. In Olea
of bark cuspidata
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

15. Implements used for felling of a tree are:

A.Axe B. Saw
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

16. The trees which produce root suckers are:

Those which produce more and vigorous those which produce root suckers less in
A. B.
root suckers number
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

17. Production of root suckers is:

Without any injury e.g. Populus alba and
A. B. When they are felled e.g. Prosopis cineraria
Populus eupharatica
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
 .

.234

18. Method of development of root suckers in Shisham is:

In other countries root suckers are produced
In case of bela forest, after feeling the differently i.e. They expose the roots of the
A. B.
shisham, trenches are made stump and mark very small injuries on the
roots on equal distance
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

19. Vegetative regeneration of reproduction through cuttings:

A.Size of the cutting should be form 6" to 10" B. Thickness should not be les than finger size
In case of root cutting they are buried,
C. D.All of the above
sometimes horizontally in the ground
.
Answer: Option C

.234

20. Types of layering are:

A.Air B. Surface or ground
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C
10. Forest Operations (21)

1. Different forest operations are:

A.Nursery raising B. Selection of site
C. Selection of tree species D.Cold storage
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

2. The quality and quantity of timber will be one of the main objective are:
It is acceptable and meets the demand of the It is adaptable to the site, priority may be
A. B.
local people given to indigenous trees shrubs
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

3. Tending operations me.:

As operations carried-out for the benefit of a Any stage of its life between seedling and
A. B.
forest crop mature stage
C. It covers operations on crop itself D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

4. Tending operations are:

A.Weeding, cleaning B. Thinning, purning
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option D

.234
5. Cultural operations are:
A.Drainage B. Irrigation
C. Burning D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option C

.234

6. Need of tending operations are:

Control of Growing Spaces: Growth and
A.Sanitation: To protect from pest and diseases B.
density is also controlled
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option D

.234

7. Weeding me.:
The "removal or cutting back of any sort of
A tending operation done seedling crop
A. B. weed growth, even woody, i.e. Interfering in
involving
growth of plant".
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

8. Thinning define as:

Felling made in an immature stand for the Form of the trees that remain, without
A. B.
purpose of improving the growth permanently breaking the conopy
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

9. Thinging purpose is / are :

 A.Sanitation: To protect from pest and diseases B. Spacing
C. Removing of destroyed trees for sale D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

10. Thinning problems are:

Good and bad trees mix that their spacing in
To search out negative characteristic tree
A.uneven, so either good trees or trees at B.
(negative approach)
equal spacing are maintained
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
11. Thinning methods are:
A.Mechanical B. Selective
C. Schedule/statistical D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

12. Thinning classification is / are:

A.Dominant trees (D) B. Dominated (d)
Deed, Moribund (m) and include bent ever
C. Suppressed (s) D.
and badly leaning trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

13. The major types of thinning are:

A.Mechanical B. Selection
C. Ordinary/low D.Crown
E. All of the above
 .
Answer: Option E

.234

14. Advantage of Heck's correction: Selected trees will have:

A.Faster rate of growth B. Rotation will be shorter
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

15. Thinning in mixed plantations are:

It is hardly impossible that mixed plant Ordinary thinning is not applied as it
A. B.
have same height deprives of slow growing spp.
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

16. Species & site quality affect interval of thinning in way:

A.Species B. Site quality (S.Q)
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234

17. Factor affection thinning is/are:

Site quality (S.Q) : For good SQ thinning
For hot, dry, weedy site, southern aspect
A.will be heavy but for poor S.Q. It will be of B.
thinning will be of lighter intensity.
lighter intensity
Objective: For getting timber, heavily
C. thinnings carried out and for getting fuel D.All of the above
wood, no need or light, thinning is done
.
 Answer: Option D

.234

18. The major types of thinning in mixed plantation are:

A.Selection B. Trees to be felled
C. Improvement felling D.All of the above
.
Answer: Option D

.234

19. In different working pl. different rules are prescribed. Champion, Seth and Khattak has
prescribed rules are:
A.Felling of saleable dead trees B. Thinning where crowed trees are present
C. Climber cuttings D.Climber affected trees
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E

.234

20. Girdling me.:

While species, of thick bark, fluted, stem,
A.Removal of ring of bark to kill B.
sylem remains present inside
C. Both (a) & (b) D.None of these
.
Answer: Option C

.234
21. Arbocides are :
A.2-4 ? D B. 2-4 ? ST
C. Ammonium sulphate D.Arsenic compound
E. All of the above
.
Answer: Option E