St. Joseph’s Academy og Bongabong,Inc.

Bagong Bayan II, Bongabong, Or. Mindoro

Effectiveness of Barangay Police on Maintenance of Peace and Order in

Selected Barangay of Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro.

A Research Study presented to

Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

St. Joseph Academy Senior High School Department

In partial fulfillment

Of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research 2

By

Leader:

Bambao, Warren, A.

Members:

Pedraza, Kate S.

Caralipo, Christian Jay

Villanueva, Ian F.

Ms. Rein Mhavel D. Coaching, (LPT)

Research Teacher
 CHAPTER I

Background of the study:

A community is a form of society that needs to maintain peace and

order. Being part of a community it needs communication that leads to a

unity of every individual in that particular barangay. Living in harmony

with their neighbors, having a quiet surroundings, and having a child-

friendly environment all provide benefits not only for the residents but

for the entire community (Mondal, 2018).

In recent years, the issue of maintaining peace and order within

barangays or local communities has become increasingly important. The

effectiveness of barangay police in preserving peace and order has come

under scrutiny. Barangay Police is they are leading to resolving the

problem in the barangay.

Barangay Police is a group of voluntary civilians who protect the

neighborhood from lawless forces and demonstrate their desire to stop

lawbreakers, especially in places with few police officers. They are in

charge of preserving tranquility peace and order in each barangay. In

every barangay, there are barangay police who play an important in the

development and progress of the barangay (Donald Sumad-On 2020).

 On the other hand, the common problems of barangay police are

when they are conducting a nighttime patrol in their barangay, the

complaints of the residents, and the littering of their resident's waste.

Despite this, the study aims to show the effectiveness of barangay police

in maintaining peace and order. In the way of how the barangay police

can resolve the problems within the barangay, how barangay police can

secure the safety within barangay, and how the effectiveness of barangay

police in terms of maintaining a peace and order within barangay.

Therefore, this study will delve into the various factores that contribute to

the effectiveness of barangay police, including their training, resources,

community engagements, and argue that their role in maintaining peace

and order is crucial for the overall well-being of the community.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims determine the effectiveness of Barangay Police in

the maintenance of peace and order in selected Barangay of Bongabong

Oriental Mindoro.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions;

1. How is effective the barangay police are terms of maintaining

peace and order within the barangay?

2. What is does barangay police to maintain peace and order in their

barangay?
 3. What are the method of the barangay police to speed up and

restore peace in their barangay?

4. What are the coping mechanism of barangay police to maintain

peace and order?

Scope and Delimitation

The study will be conducted in selected Barangay of Bongabong, Oriental

Mindoro. The specific place in Bongabong that will counduct this research

is to Bagong Bayan 1 and Bagong Bayan 2 in Bongabong, Oriental

Mindoro. This will be conducted ranging from one (1) to two (2) weeks and

will focus on the effectiveness of Barangay Police on the maintenance of

peace and order. The respondents of this study is the Barangay Police

who maintaining the peace and order in their baranggay.

Significance of the study

This study will prove useful to the following entities:

Residents of the barangay

The primary beneficiaries are the residents of the barangay itself. Their

safety and well-being are directly impacted by the effectiveness of the

barangay police in maintaining peace and order.

Barangay Police
Barangay Police can beneficiaries also, it can help improve their strategic

and knowledge in preserving peace and order in their barangay.

Other Researchers

Researchers can be beneficiaries because they are the ones who will help

to know the lifestyles of the barangay police. The researchers of this study

will also be helpful because here the lifestyles of a barangay police will be

known.

Local Government

The local government can benefit from the effectiveness of the barangay

police can benefit from the effectiveness of the barangay police by

ensuring a stable and peaceful community. This can contribute to the

overall development and reputation of the area.

Vulnerable Population

Certain groups, such as women, childrenand marginalized communities,

may particularly benefit from an effective barangay police force as it can

help protect their sights, ensure their safety, and adress any concerns or

issue they may face.

Definition of Terms

Barangay Police Security Officers- they are the village watchmen

supervised by the Barangay Chairperson.

Barangay- a unit of administration in Philippine society consisting of from

50 to 100 families under a headman

Community- a group of people with a common characteristic or interest

living together within a larger society

Residents- living in a place for some length of time

Peace and Order- freedom from civil disturbance

Peacekeeping- the preserving of peace

Ronda- night patrol

Environment- the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is

surrounded

Curfew- a requirement that someone (typically a child) be home by a

particular time

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents all significant literature and studies about the

effectiveness of barangay police on maintaining peace and order on their

barangay. The researchers dscussed the challenges, lived experiences

and coping mechanism of Barangay Pliceand also how Barangay Police

maintain the peace and order on their barangays.

Literature

Effectiveness of Barangay Police in term of Duties

According to Austria-Cruz (2020), studied the fundamental political

unit, the establishment of BPSOs, or barangay police security officers,

sometimes referred to as "Barangay Tanods," security remain constant as

the primary element in Barangay's increase. Given in the trainers

guidebook of the DILG, among the tasks and obligations of barangay

Tanod are: supporting barangay authorities in preventing crime and

advancing public awareness protection by "ronda" patrols and office

reports worried about any hiccups or unfair incidents, monitoring the the

existence and behavior of criminals and other illicit entities; supporting

"lupongtagapamayapa" and the police during the execution of warrants

and other legal actions; and supporting barangay officials in the execution

of local and national laws; and further measures judged suitable for the

prevention of offense. Furthermore, based on Aydinan (2021), evaluated

in every municipality, the patrol force is regarded as the foundation of the

police department. Because these patrol teams interact directly with

society, their presence reduces the need for specialist operations units.

The patrol force is the most crucial component of the police department,

and this is recognized by police executives and municipal officials.

Regarding this, the barangay enforcers serve as the Philippine National

Police's multipliers, whose primary responsibility is to patrol and respond

to occurrences inside their Area of Responsibility (AOR). This is accurate

since all jurisdictions share the traits of community policing. Examples of

these include the community's participation in law enforcement operations

and the appropriate placement of police officers in a neighborhood to

promote better.Additionaly, Pionilla (2021), found that the barangay Tanod

fails to report for duty on time; some Barangay Tanod members are

absent during scheduled duty; there is a lack of cooperation among

Barangay Tanod members; there is insufficient supervision and monitoring

from Barangay Officials; residents are not cooperative; Barangay Tanod

members are unaware of their duties and responsibilities; and there is a

lack of communication regarding the new policy that the Barangay Tanod

shall enforce. According to Bienes et al. (2022), identified that the most

important group in preserving the rule of law in every barangay is the

barangay peacekeeping action team throughout the nation as police are

not always present at all times.The Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams

(BPAT), which perform BPO operations, were created to address issues

related to safety, peace, and order at the barangay level. By doing so, it

will make a real-time difference in our residents' lives that the tiniest but

most significant can experience our community's Filipino Family group.

Therefore, according to Breva (2020), emphasized the peaceful

environment is one in which people and communities can realize their full

potential, make progress, and exercise their rights without interference

while also being aware of their obligations. The three-year Peace and

Order and Public Safety Plan is made up of activities and programs aimed
at fostering public safety and peace in a specific area, as well as the

combined Integrated Area/Community Public Safety Plan of all the cities

and municipalities in the province, as stated in DILGMC no. 2015-128.

Responsibilities of Barangay Police

According to Laroza et al. (2022), defined the problems with public

safety and peace and order change, there should be an ongoing effort to

enhance the provision of these services are necessary. The BPO

(Barangay Peacekeeping Operations) and those who carry it out. An

example of the PNP's dedication to offering the greatest protection are

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPAT). potential law enforcement

scheme for our populace. Their main responsibility is to guarantee that

there is peace and order in each barangay where peacekeeping

operations are being carried out in each association with the different

segments of the populace. In addition, Austria-Cruz (2020), illustrated all

people's lives are impacted by public safety, or lack thereof. As stated in

the NAPOLCOM memo Barangay Police Security Officers Circular 2008-

013 acting as the Philippine National Police's auxiliary regarded as a

multiplier of force. While barangay law enforcement or "Tanod" employees

work voluntarily, and they don't think twice about risk their lives in order to

guarantee the safety of those in their individual barangay. D, Usec. claims.

Diño promised to advocate for a bill that would allow barangay watchmen

to get health care and housing benefits, in addition to the right to counsel

and tenure security. Some claim that because of a lack of resources,

customary methods of socialization, and the importance of juvenile courts,

the barangay justice system, and Correctional facilities are not as

frequently utilized as juvenile code would imply, and it's likely that things

will stay this way. Numerous companies have already started

implementing initiatives to encourage people, even at the barangay level,

as a means of to aid in the reduction of rising crime rates. Motivated by

these earlier realizations, the researchers thought evaluating the barangay

police security was interesting the effectiveness of an officer in upholding

law and order as well as a way to obtain security in the immediate

environment. The researchers conducted the study based on the

performance of BPSO obligations and liabilities as specified by the 2003-

042 Memorandum Circular. Orientation on their duties and task, training

program and amendments to honorarium were proposed for the

improvement of the Barangay Police Safety Officers level of effectiveness

manifested on their individual performance.

Coping Mechanism of Barangay Police for Maintaining the Peace and

Order on their Barangay.

According to Maroma et al. (2023), studied about focusing on

creating a better CCTV system that will be utilized to take control of a few

of the affected barangays. In order to achieve the primary goal. The

following particular goal needs to be accomplished: (1) Create a CCTV

system that is distinctive tailored to the specific needs of the barangays in

question; (2) Put together and create an enhanced CCTV system and

carry out tests and adjustments; (3) Monitor actions to determine the

system's effectiveness; (4) Perform an evaluation of the consequences of

the arrangement for the local stakeholders. The approach taken in this

study was the approach to development that seeks to methodically inspect

goods, instruments,procedures, and models that give practitioners

accurate, practical information and thinkers. Moreover, through the

research of Cruz (2021), stated that originally intended for minors or those

under the age of 18, this program forbade them from remaining outside

their homes or properties after a set hour, which usually starts at 9:00 p.m.

ends at five in the morning. This was a program that was already in place

before the COVID-19 pandemic hit. However, even during the pandemic,

the program's implementation was rigorously followed. Furthermore, one

of the main concerns that the BPSOs would like to bring up in the

Barangay is the regular monitoring of the duty detail and attendance of the

BPSOs. The participants were able to agree on one issue: the

Barangayin's laxity when it came to conducting routine inspections and

performance evaluations of the BPSOs. In a similar vein, the BPSOs

expressed interest in the discussions and consultations that the barangay

would hold in order to help them further develop and enhance their

attitudes toward their role as implementers. Based on Andres et al.

(2021), agreed that the curfew helps to guarantee people's safety. It can
be claimed that curfews make things safer during dangerous hours,

particularly at night. Furthermore, an individual who is Permitted or

necessary to leave the house during the implementation is advised

against visiting locations where they don't feel comfortable from. This can

stop them from participating in an unwelcome scenario. Additionally, it

guarantees people's protection from harm and actions like drug use,

alcohol consumption, and promiscuity, and aggression. Days when

someone might be harmed and threats, curfews must be used as a tactic

at our disposal. Getting a curfew agreed upon will additionally give the

young person a sense that their opinions are being thinking about.

Naturally, the choice must ultimately be the parent's one. The discussions

surrounding a "curfew discretion" parents must take into account where

the child is potentially taking part in an unusual activity. Those there must

be some compromise when it comes to curfew hours. Therefore,

According to Orenze (2021), emphasized the BPO, or Barangay

Peacekeeping Operations, and the Barangay BPATs, or Peacekeeping

Action Teams, were created to address issues related to peace and order.

As well as security at the barangay, the local level. In this manner, it will

have an effect on the lives of our people in real time, for the benefit of the

most and the smallest Filipino families are a significant social group in our

community.
Studies

According to the study of Bieneset al. (2022) study showed that, as

judged by the 50th barangay resident of Ozamiz City, the Barangay

Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) was extremely effective in

implementing curfew hours and maintaining public safety. The issues

that the responders ran into when enforcing the curfew for the

Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) turned out not to be very

serious. Regarding the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team's (BPAT)

performance, the outcome showed that the BPAT members gave it

satisfactory ratings. Finally, the community rated the public safety of

the 50th barangay residents as safe. The researcher suggested

encouraging the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team to keep up their

successful curfew hour and public safety implementation. This study

will also demonstrate the commitment of the barangay peacekeeping

action team to upholding law and order in their community. Additionaly,

De Asis et al. (2020), the study is to evaluate how well the barangay of

Tanods maintains peace and order in the Municipality of Bayambang.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the demographics of the

participants, including age, sex, civil status, highest educational

attainment, monthly family income, number of trainings attended, and

years of experience as Barangay Tanods. Additionally, the study

aimed to ascertain the degree of effectiveness of the Barangay Tanods

in maintaining peace and order in their localities as perceived by the

constituents and the Barangay Tanods themselves, as well as the

challenges faced by the Barangay Tanods in doing so. According to

Bocar, n.d, this study was to ascertain how successful community

policing was in the areas of patrol operations, traffic investigations, and

police officer criminal investigations in the 5th District of Iloilo in 2014.

The PNP Manual's Basic Procedures served as the model for the data

collection tool (2010). The 170 local government units that make up the

municipalities in the province's 5th District were the study's

respondents. The results showed that, when respondents by age and

sex were combined, the effectiveness of community policing in patrol

operations was generally high. Furthermore, Orenze (2021), the study

since its design necessitates the evaluation and display of variables

like profile and factors impacting BPATs' involvement in disaster risk

reduction. Using stratified sampling, respondents were chosen during

the questionnaire's floating phase. at random. 52 Barangay Tanods, 6

police officers, and 44 other participants make up the total of 102.

Barangay authorities. It is inferred from the results that, knowledgeable

respondents Despite natural disasters, they carried out their

obligations and participated in the management of disaster risk

reduction. There is a strong correlation between age, highest level of

education and standing in relation to the relationship between variables

influencing how much BPATs implement their duties and

responsibilities and how involved they are in profile variables and

disaster risk reduction management

Synthesis

The Barangay Police (BPSOs) or "Barangay Tanods" play a crucial

role in maintaining security and public awareness in their communities.

They are responsible for preventing crime, monitoring criminal

behavior, supporting law enforcement, and implementing local and

national laws. However, there are challenges such as failure to report

for duty on time, lack of cooperation, insufficient supervision, and

communication regarding new policies. The Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Teams (BPATs) are created to address safety, peace, and

order at the barangay level. These employees work voluntarily, risking

their lives to ensure the safety of their community. Researchers have

proposed enhancing public safety and peacekeeping services to

improve the effectiveness of barangay police security. A study in

Ozamiz City showed that the BPAT was highly effective in

implementing curfew hours and maintaining public safety. The study

also aimed to assess the effectiveness of Barangay Tanods in

maintaining peace and order in their localities and the challenges they

face. Studies and literatures helps to determined the effectiveness of

barangay police in peace and order in their community as well as the

duties and coping mechanisms assigned to them in this regard.

 Theoretical Frameworks

According to Galtung (2014), a Mini Theory of Peace, the basic

point is that peace is a relation, between two or more parties. The parties

may be inside a person, a state or nation, a region or civilization, pulling in

different directions. Peace is not a property of one party alone, but a

property of the relation between parties. Additionaly, based in Kalama &

Paul (2019), Theories of Peace and Social Conflict, theories and

concepts are undoubtedly important in the study and analysis of conflict at

all levels. For this reason, this paper looked at theories of peace and

social conflict in an effort to find long-term solutions to the global issues of

violence, insecurity, and social conflict. The study argues that social

conflict and peace. Only after a comprehensive conflict study and analysis

is carried out can resolution strategies and tactics be implemented with

success. Information for Secondary sources were used for the study, and

content analysis was used to do a qualitative analysis. Results showed

that a key component of studying and resolving any conflict is having a

solid understanding of theories and concepts. The study also found that

since conflicts have many moving parts and components, they shouldn't

be handled or resolved from a single point of view. Nation-states can

address issues of peace, stability, and social conflict by embracing

 political and electoral reforms, which will support socioeconomic

development and good governance.

Conceptual Framework

Barangay Police Security Maintaining a Peace and Order

Officers (BPSO’s) in the Barangay

(Barangay Tanod)
 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research method, the respondents of the

study, sampling technique, the research instrument, scaling and

quantification of data, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

This study will use of descriptive method of research. Descriptive

research was defined by Calderon and Gonzales (2007) as an intentional

process of data collection, analysis, classification, and tabulation. It also

comprises the appropriate and accurate interpretation of such data,

whether or not statistical analysis is used. This method of research will be

employed to describe the extent of cognitive variables of learnings such as

knowledge, application and reasoning. Moreover, this method will be also

used to describe the effectiveness of barangay police on maintaining

peace and order on their barangay.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Bongabong district, one of the

districts in the southern part of Oriental Mindoro. It included Barangay

Bagong Bayan 1 and Barangay Bagong Bayan 2.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the selected twenty eight

(28) Barangay Police from Barangay Bagong Bayan 1 and Barangay

Bagong Bayan 2. Barangay Police were chosen as respondents because

researchers need to know how the effectiveness of barangay police, what

are their responsibilities and their coping mechanism for maintaining

peace and order on their barangay. In addition, researchers should know

their name and age and how long have they been working as barangay

tanods.

Sampling Technique

Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the

respondents of the study. However, G*power analysis with Power(1-β) of

0.95 and alpha values of 0.05 with the effect size of 0.2 used to determine

the minimum numbers of respondents. After determining the sample size,

the researcher will employ fishbowl method to derive the total sample

respondents.
Table 1. Distribution of Respondents of the Study

Name of Barangay Population Sample

Barangay Bagong Bayan 1 15 14

Barangay Bagong Bayan 2 15 14

Total 30 28

Research Instrument

This research study will use a two-part self-made questionnaire.

Part I consisted of 3 items that dealt with their name, age, and how long

have they been working as barangay police. Part II contained 5 items

which will assess the extent of the effectiveness, responsibilities and

coping mechanism of barangay police on maitaning of peace and order

and their barangay.

Scoring and Quantification

To describe the extent of affective variables of learning, the

following numerical scale, statistical limits and verbal description was

used:
Table 2. Numerical Value, Statistical Limits and Verbal Description

Numerical Value Statistical limits Verbal Description

5 4.75-5.00 Very High Performance

(VHP)

4 3.35-4.74 High Performace (HP)

Developing Performace

3 2.50-3.33 (DP)

2 1.25-2.45 Low Performance (LP)

1 1.00-1.24 Very Low Performance

(VLP)

Data Gathering Procedure

Before collecting data, a formal request letter, authorized by the

teacher in Practical Research, will sent to the Principal of Saint Joseph’s

of Academy of Bongabong , Inc to obtain permission for data collection

from barangay police-respondents. Once approval will grant, the letter was

forwarded to the Barangay Captain of the selected barangays in

Bongabong District. Subsequently, the researcher will administer the

questionnaire to the barangay police, following the administration of a

testretest in a non-respondent Barangayl. The researcher personally

facilitated the administration of the questionnaire to the respondents,

providing an explanation of its contents. The barangay police are allot

thirty minutes to complete the Likert scale section and one hour for the

survey competency section. After allowing the barangay police sufficient

time to complete the questionnaire within an hour and a half, the

questionnaires are collect from the respondents. The collect data will then

tally, tabulate, and subject to appropriate statistical analysis.

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