RAIN SENSING ALARM
SUSMITA BARUA JANNATUL FERDOUS
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
Chittagong University of Chittagong University of
Engineering and Technology Engineering and Technology
ID: 1902030 ID: 1902041
E-mail: E-mail:
u1902030@student.cuet.ac.bd
u1902041@student.cuet.ac.bd
ABSTRACT high. We will know if there is a moisture problem
from the signal generated by a rain detector.
This project illustrates a rain sensing alarm used Humankind have controlled the elements of nature
in households and cottage industries. The intent of for the following intentions: sun for drying,
this work is to use rain sensor as a protector for heating and cooking especially when reflected on
the
valuable items that are rains sensitive. The
exact point. Wind for wind mill used for many
objective was to use original components and applications ranging from turning
equipment in the construction. During the turbines that produce electricity to quarry for
construction process, the rain sensor circuit was grinding stones. Water for irrigation and
tested on a bread board before it was transferred to Electricity generation (Hydroelectricity).
the PCB board. This was to get rid of excess cost
resulting from errors in the implementation of the From the onset, humankind used the sun as a
natural agent to dehydrate many things; a
circuit design. The implementation procedure procedure tagged sun drying. Sun drying is carried
adopted in this work was first designing the circuit out in the home, farm, laboratory, hospitals,
with the use of Electric Circuit Studio and industries and other institutions for quite some
Proteus. The second step was to implement the number of reasons. These reasons range from
circuit on a breadboard. The third step was to totally dehydrating the things being dried, outright
implement the circuit on a PCB board, test and drying like clothes and some farm produce, during
building work and in sculpture to exposing certain
run. Then extensive ranges of tests were
electronic materials/components directly to the
performed to determine the reliability and sun so that the ultra- violet rays from the sun can
functionality of the device for 10 days. This cause some changes in the component and in
achieved desired results in the time it takes the pharmaceutical/chemical industries where
protector to respond to the signal produced from certain plants used for pharmaceutical
the output of the sensor. Possible purpose/chemicals are exposed
recommendations were highlighted aimed at to direct sunlight for a little while to cause some
chemical changes in them and even at home
improving it the more. The possible
sometimes when we open our windows to allow
recommendations pointed out were the the sun rays to fall into our rooms to eliminate
implementation of usage of the device to areas of dampness and allows for proper aeration.
the economy
When rain falls it becomes an obstacle to all the
reasons for sun-drying specified above especially
when the materials being sun dried cannot easily
INTRODUCTION be retrieved. Since it can rain at any time without
any warning, clothes in a clothes line outside the
A rain sensor is a switching device activated by house that are almost dried up may get wet if we
rainfall. The rain detector is a self-contained do not quickly realize it is raining. Thus this
electronic device that generates a work will also help users to protect the clothes or
signal when its sensor is in contact with water. It items from the effect of the rainfall.
can be used near washing machines, water heaters,
toilets, sump pumps, bathtubs, dishwashers and
high-efficiency furnace pumps.
This device have the ability to detect leaks from
toilets that have the noumenon to cause mould LITERATURE REVIEW
growth.
One of the oldest type of rain sensor still in use
Crevices from appliances and plumbing fixtures today has a water collecting basin that performs
often go unidentifiable. Excess moisture and the work of a rain guage. Once the basin collects a
standing water resulting from a slow leak can pre-set amount of water, the weight of the water
cause destruction of the floors and walls of your trips a switch and triggers the irrigation system
home. The potentiality for a mold growth is very off. The challenge with this type of rain sensor is
that the basin doesn't discriminate between rain
and debris which can fill the container and METHODOLOGY
interrupt the watering cycle untimely.
For many years till date, electronic engineers have
done lots of work on Rain water detection. These
works ranges from applying rain detector RAIN WATER FALLS
circuit/device in irrigation, collecting rain water
for domestic and industrial use using a method
categorized as rain water harvesting to using rain RAIN SENSOR SHORTS POINT A & B
detector/sensor in automobiles to control
the power windows and roof whenever it senses
moisture. TRANSISTOR TURNS ON
A design known as automatic rain sensing
TIMER IC TURNS ON RECEIVING
windows. Automatic Rain sensing windows POSITIVE VOLTAGE
worked to create a device that enables car
windows to slide up automatically when rain falls,
thereby preventing the interior from getting SOUND FROM BUZZER
damaged. The design was mainly used for
automobiles.
FIGURE: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAIN
Campbell built a rain detector which was used to SENSING ALARM
detect whether it is raining or snowing and the
output used to trigger another circuit.
Mohammed incorporated a rain detector in his
work that was used to trap rain water
automatically and store in reservoir for use
domestically.
Prabhakar Hegade, Sunil Nayak, Parashuram
Alagundi and Kiran M R designed a device. In
their project, there are trays which opens & closes
based on sun rays.
Imran Ahmed Khan and Khushboo Gupta worked CIRCUIT OF RAIN ALARM
on a device and the purpose of the device is to
create a system that will allow car windows to roll
up automatically when it rains, to prevent interior
damages and to make device conducive for users. Rain alarm circuit is designed using mainly a
transistor, water sensor and a 555 timer IC.
Whenever there is a rain, rain drops falls
on the rain sensor, and water on rain
sensor would short the Point A and B.
As soon as Point A and B become short, a
positive voltage would get applied on the
base of Transistor Q1, through the
resistance R4. Because of the voltage at
the base, transistor becomes on and current
started flowing form collector to emitter.
Initially transistor was in off state.
Now Reset PIN 4 of the 555 Timer, gets a
positive voltage and 555 timer IC becomes
ON and Buzzer starts beeping. Here we
should note that initially there was no
positive voltage at Reset PIN 4 of 555 IC,
as it was connected to the ground through
resistance R5 (4.7k) and 555 IC only
works when Reset pin gets positive
voltage.
555 Timer IC has been configured in Astable
mode so that Buzzer generate a oscillating sound
(means periodically on and off). This oscillation In case of rainfall
frequency can be controlled by changing the value
of resistor R2 and/or capacitor C1. Pin 5 control Simulation in ELECTRIC CIRCUIT STUDIO:
Pin, should be connected to ground through a
.01uf capacitor. Resistor R3 and R4 has been used Here, we used an LED instead of buzzer as it was
to control the transistor’s collector and base not available in the software library.
current respectively.
Rain sensor should be kept at 30-40 degree from
the ground, so that water cannot stay on it, for the
long time, this will prevent the alarm to going on
for a long time.
SOFTWARE SIMULATION
We simulated the circuit in Proteus and Electric
Circuit Studio software.
Simulation in PROTEUS:
In case of no rainfall
In case of no rainfall In case of rainfall
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
1)BREADBOARD:
COMPONENTS:
S Compone
Properties Symbol
l nt name
1K
1 Resistor 100K
4.7K
470 Ohm
2 Capacitor 10uF Breadboard Implementation of the project
2) PCB BOARD:
NPN COMPONENTS:
3 BC547
Transistor
In case of PCB board implementation, some other
components are needed along with the breadboard
Dual 8- components.
channel
555 timer CMOS Sl Component Name
4
IC analogue
multiplexe 1 CCB Board
r 2 Glossy Paper
Positive:
Long 3 Ferric Chloride
terminal 4 Laser Printer
lead
5 Buzzer 5 Drilling machine
Negative:
Short 6 Soldering Machine
terminal
lead
Based on
Rain
6 Lm393 op
Sensor
amplifier
9V power
7 Battery
supply
Breadboar
8
d
Male to
female,
Connectin male to
9
g wires male
jumper
wires PCB Layout
RESULT AND OUTPUT
The reliability and functionality tests of this
device was carried out to know how reliable the
system is. It worked efficiently detecting presence
of water in the rain sensor and the buzzer made
Final Layout for printing sound as expected.
APPLICATION AND FUTURE WORK
1. In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and
immediately alert the farmer.
2. In automobiles, when the rain detector detects
the rain it will immediately active the wipers and
inform the driver.
3. In communications, it will boost the power of
PCB Board implementation of the project the antenna and increase the signal strength to
send or receive the signals.
4. In normal house hold, with the help of rain
COST ANALYSIS water detector we can automatically save the rain
water. (This can be done only when home
PER TOT automation is done and there is proper equipment
QUANTI
COMPONENT UNIT AL
TY to save the rain water. In this, rain water detector
COST COST
Breadboard 1 40 40 will detect the rain and helps to switch ON the
CCB Board 1 40 40 equipment which will automatically save rain
Resistor 4 1 4 water for different purposes).
Capacitor 1 2 2
Battery(with 5. This can also be used if there is a chemical rain
1 40 40 also. This is very common in industrial areas.
holder)
Buzzer 1 20 20
Timer IC 1 15 15
BC547
1 5 5 CONCLUSION
Transistor
130tk/k
Ferric chloride 550 gm 70
g
Glossy
paper(includin 1 60 60 At the end of this project, a system was designed
g print) which could solve the problem of
overemployment and loss of valuable items
Rain sensor 1 90 90 especially in rainy season. When Clothes are
washed and dried using a washing
machine, there will be wetness in the clothes
Total:386 which results to the clothes having bad smell and
can easily contact infections that will
cause skin problems. Finally, this system avoid DISADVANTAGES
above problems and gives good result. This
Project moves carry towards the new technology. It doesn’t tell about the speed of the rain
In this project, items are protected in rainy season which is fallen on the roof.
automatically without the need of any human
It will send signal through buzzer or the
interference. So it provides comfort, reduces the
human effort and saves the time. It can easily be LED will be glowing untio the detector
used in homes, office and wherever it can be used becomes wet.
based on our needs. So it makes life easy to our The rain sensor based system functions
next generation. when water falls on the sensor directly.
The cost of overall system increases as
additional components are needed along
REFERENCE:
with rain sensor.
In order to avoid false detection of rain, it
1) Oyubu A.O, (2017) “ Design and requires rain sensors to take decision after
implementation of a rain water detector- few minutes.
alarm system” International Journal of
Advancements in Research & Technology,
Vol 4, Issue 6, June.
2) https://www.slideshare.net
3) https://www.electronicshub.org/rain-
alarm-project/
4) https://how2electronics.com/rainfall-detector-
alarm-using-555-timer/
5) https://www.wikipedia.org/
ADVANTAGES
Individual rain sensor costs very less.
Not risky
No harmful effect
It helps in saving money by switching off
the irrigation system when it rains. This
saves money by cutting off bills on
electricity consumption.
It extends life of rain sensor based systems
such as car wiper, irrigation systems by
running them only when it is necessary.
Rain sensors help save water during rain
events and hence water is available during
summer and emergency applications such
as firefighting etc.
Operating principle is very easy.
It consumes less power for operation.
Installation of rain sensor based systems
are very much simple.
