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JAI SHREE RAM

NARAYAN CHANGDER
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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
Contents

1 Overview of the Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.1 A Historical Perspective of Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Virology and Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.5 Ontogeny and Physiology of immune system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
1.7 Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
1.9 Macrophages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
1.10 Granulocyte and Agranulocyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
1.11 T and B lymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
1.12 lymphocyte subpopulation in humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

2 ANTIGENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2.2 T- lymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

3 IMMUNOGLOBULINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.1 Immunoglobulin- structure, types, distribution, biological and chemical
properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.2 Theories of antibody production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.3 Monoclonal Antibodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.4 Polyclonal Antibodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3.5 Complement system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
 1

3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

4 IMMUNE RESPONSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

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5 HYPERSENSITIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.1 Types of Hypersensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.2 Autoimmunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5.3 immuno-tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5.4 cytokines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5.5 Vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

6 Miscellenous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
 1. Overview of the Immune System

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 A Historical Perspective of Immunology
1. Ringworm is an example of which type of C. I don’t know
infectious agent?
D. I don’t care
A. Bacteria
B. Virus 5. The glycoprotein that sits on pathogenic
surfaces and elicits an immune response is
C. Fungi known as
D. Protozoa A. antigen
2. an antibiotic produced by a fungus B. histamine
A. Bacillus anthracis C. antibody
B. Staphyloccocus aureus D. anticytosis
C. Helicobacter pylori
6. B cells develop immunocompetence in the:
D. Penicillum chrysogenum
A. Bone marrow
3. Applied the Germ Theory of Disease in
B. Thymus
medical procedures
C. Blood
A. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. Thyroid
B. Emil A. von Behring
C. Joseph Lister 7. Discovered microbes that produces ace-
D. Hans Krebs tone and butanol
A. Louis Pasteur
4. Cell Theory-all living things are composed
of cells B. Robert Hooke
A. True C. Carl Woese
B. False D. Chaim Weizmann

1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. D
1.1 A Historical Perspective of Immunology 3

8. Helper T cells are very important because 13. Developed a diptheria antitoxin
they.. A. Emil A. von Behring

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A. Circulate through body and recruit B. Hans Krebs
other cells to fight
C. Paul Ehrlich
B. interact directly with B cells, prodding
them to multiply more rapidly D. Robert Koch

C. Signal antibody formation 14. First person to come up of a classification

D. All answers are correct system for living things
A. Carolus Linnaeus
9. Treatment of certain diseases by using
B. Carl Woese
chemical substances
C. Aristotle
A. Synthetic Drugs
D. Lazzaro Spallanzani
B. Chemotherapy
C. Antibiotics 15. Fetus obtains immunity from maternal
antibodies that cross the placenta:
D. Vaccination
A. naturally acquired active immunity
10. Which chemical causes blood vessels to di- B. naturally acquired passive immunity
late and swell in order to attract phago-
cytes and WBC to the area during inflam- C. artificially acquired active immunity
mation? D. artificially acquired passive immunity
A. Histamine 16. This scientist stated that handwashing pre-
B. Pyrogens vents transmission of bacteria
C. Lysosyme A. Joseph Lister
D. Pancreatic juices B. Chaim Weizmann
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
11. What is the function of the plasma cells
during a immune response. D. Francesco Redi

A. secrete antibodies 17. Also called the “Father of Immunology”

B. engulf bacteria A. Edward Jenner
C. kill cells infected with virus B. Louis Pasteur
D. to change into memory cells C. Robert Koch
D. Paul Ehrlich
12. This method is used to reduce spoilage and
kill potential bacteria in the milk 18. What produce antibodies?
A. Pasteurization A. Helper T cells
B. Fermentation B. Killer T-cells
C. Germ Theory of Disease C. B Cells
D. Vaccination D. Phagocytes

8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A
1.1 A Historical Perspective of Immunology 4

19. Variolation was first introduced by C. They make your body produce anti-
A. Chinese gens

B. Turks D. They prevent future disease by artifi-

cially producing antibodies.
C. German
25. This disease is greater than the small pox
D. French
A. Bacillus anthracis
20. Which of the following is part of innate im- B. anthrax
munity or nonspecific immunity?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. cow pox
A. Macrophage ingesting antigen before
feeding to T-cells D. chicken pox

B. B-cells producing clones to become 26. A secondary immune response will be

plasma cells. faster when
C. Inflammation triggered by injured tis- A. The individual has not yet encountered
sues pathogen
D. Plasma cells producing antibodies B. The individual’s macrophages are on
high alert
21. Vacca in Italian means C. The individual has already encoun-
A. immune tered the pathogen and has memory B
B. cow cells circulating
C. cholera D. The individual has a fever.

D. protection 27. What specific type of acquired immunity

do vaccines provide:
22. Scientist that wanted to prove that mag-
A. naturally acquired active immunity
gots cannot be born on decaying meat
B. naturally acquired passive immunity
A. Lazzaro Spallanzani
C. artificially acquired active immunity
B. Spontaneous Generation
D. artificially acquired passive immunity
C. John Needham
28. The word immunity was derived from
D. Francesco Redi
which language
23. Which one of the following kills invading A. Greek
microbes?
B. Latin
A. lysozymes C. French
B. stomac acid D. German
C. macrophages
29. Which one of the following target cell’s
D. all of the above membrane and disintegrates nucleus
rapidly?
24. Which one of the following is TRUE about
vaccines? A. Phagocyte
A. They treat current disease B. Killer T-Cell
B. On average, they get more patients C. Memory B Cells
sick than it cures D. Natural killer cell

20. C 21. B 22. D 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
 1.2 Virology and Immunity 5

30. The inflammation response is triggered by C. Biogenesis

A. Histamines D. Germ Theory of Disease

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B. Anti-histamines
32. Chemicals that are produced naturally by
C. Cytokines bacteria and fungi to act against other mi-
D. Interferon croorganisms
A. Hydrogel
31. This theory states that microorganisms
has the possibility to cause diseases B. Synthetic Drugs
A. Pasteurization C. Antibiotics
B. Fermentation D. Chemotherapy

1.2 Virology and Immunity

1. An organism that can transmit a disease- 5. What must be used to see a virus?
causing agent. A. your eyes
A. Pathogen B. compound light microscope
B. Vector C. electron microscope
C. Antibody D. telescope
D. Antigen
6. In a specific immune response, which cells
2. The study of the cause and spread if infec- travel to the site of the infection and ac-
tious diseases. curately spray ONLY the cells that are in-
fected?
A. Virology
A. T cells
B. Bacteriology
B. B cells
C. Diseasology
C. Natural killer cells
D. Epidemiology
D. Macrophages
3. Type of nucleic acid found in viruses that
7. In a nonspecific (generalized) immune re-
easily mutate?
sponse, which cells go to the site of in-
A. DNA fection and spray poisons that kill many
B. RNA cell, those that are infect and some that
are not.
C. Both DNA and RNA
A. T cells
D. none of above
B. B cells
4. HIV attacks which specific cells? C. Natural killer cells
A. Natural killer cells D. Macrophages
B. T Helper cells
8. Retro viruses use which enzyme to pro-
C. B cells duce viral DAN from viral RNA?
D. Macrophages A. Integrase

31. D 32. C 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C
 1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 6

B. RNA polymerase C. Vaccine

C. Reverse transcriptase D. Antibody
D. DNAse
14. What must a virus do in order to be able
9. Which cells produce antibodies against an to reproduce?
identified pathogen? A. Invade a living host cell
A. T cells B. Find another virus of the same type to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. B cells mate with
C. Natural killer cells C. Find enough food
D. Macrophages D. Find a suitable habitat
10. The first characteristic used by virologists 15. The reason why the Influenza vaccination
to classify viruses is the must be taken every year.
A. Shape of the virus A. Viruses mutate.
B. Size of the virus B. Viruses cannot reproduce.
C. Type of nucleic acid in the virus
C. Host cells kill viruses.
D. Type of replication cycle
D. Vaccines make corporations money.
11. A world-wide outbreak of a disease
16. Medications that are used to control and
A. epidemic reduce the length of a viral disease.
B. pandemic A. Antibiotics
C. endemic
B. Antigens
D. none of above
C. Antiviral drugs
12. Term for any disease-causing agent D. Antiseptics
A. Pathogen
17. Name for the type of protein produced by
B. Vector the immune system that will give you im-
C. Bacteria munity to the virus the next time it enters
D. Virus your body.
A. Antibody
13. An injection of a virus to help the body
build immunity to that virus is a B. Antigen
A. Antibiotic C. Antibiotic
B. Antiviral drug D. Antiviral

1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System

1. What is a condition that happens when A. infection
pathogens enter the body, multiply, and
cause harm? B. inflammation
C. pain

9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. A 1. A

1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 7

D. none of above C. help the body move.

2. What do scientists call bacteria and D. let food into the body.

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viruses that can make people sick? 8. Cells that ingest (eat) pathogens are
A. diseases A. plasma cells
B. vaccines B. phagocytic cells
C. antibodies C. helper T cells
D. pathogens D. antibodies
3. A(n) is a substance that causes an im- 9. Which system has the primary function of
mune response. It can be on the surface of fighting disease?
a pathogen.
A. circulatory
A. antigen
B. integumentary
B. antibodies
C. immune
C. B cells
D. respiratory
D. T cells
10. This sticky fluid traps any pathogens that
4. What are simple one-celled organisms? try and get in our body
A. bacteria A. Mucous Lining
B. virus B. Blood
C. fungi C. Stomach Acid
D. none of above D. Skin
5. Which cells have the ability to target cells 11. Which of the following is NOT a cardinal
that are infected by a virus? sign of inflammation?
A. Cytotoxic T cells A. swelling
B. B cells B. atrophy
C. Macrophages C. heat
D. mast cells D. redness
6. Example of 3rd line of defense. 12. Overzealous immune response to an oth-
A. T cells and B cells reacting to erwise harmless substance.
pathogens A. allergen
B. Phagocytes engulfing pathogens B. spleen
C. Hydrochloric acid killing pathogens C. allergy
D. Mucus and cilia catching pathogens D. fever
7. One of the most important functions of the 13. Treatment for diseases caused by bacteria,
skin is to like food poisoning can be treated by:
A. carry food to body cells. A. Antivirals
B. protect the body. B. Antiparasitics

2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. D

1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 8

C. Antifungals 19. What are specific proteins that attach to

D. Antibiotics antigens, keeping them from harming the
body?
14. The first cells the respond to an immune A. virus
attack are-
B. antibodies
A. Helper T Cells
C. lymphocytes
B. Suppressor Cells
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Macrophage
20. What system collects fluid that is lost by
D. Killer B Cells
the circulatory system and works with
15. The treatment of parasitic diseases like the immune system to scan that fluid for
lice, fleas, and bed bugs is: pathogens?
A. circulatory
A. Chlorox Wipes
B. digestive
B. Antifungals
C. nervous
C. Antiparasitic drugs
D. lymphatic
D. Antivirals
21. The purpose of the immune system is to
16. A nonspecific defensive response of the
body to tissue injury characterized by di-
lation of blood vessels and swelling. A. help germs invade your body
A. immunity B. make your nose run
B. interferon C. fight of sickness
C. immunization D. give your diarrhea

D. inflammation 22. These cells are involved in the humoral and

cell-mediated responses.
17. A strategy for causing the body to develop
immunity to a specific pathogen. A. Cytotoxic T cells

A. Antibiotics B. Memory B cells

B. immunization C. Helper T cells

D. Macrophages
C. inflammation
D. immunity 23. What role does our circulatory system
have with regards to fighting infection?
18. What is any condition that interferes with
A. circulates white blood cells to lymph to
the normal or proper functioning of the
fight infection
body or mind?
B. circulates red blood cells and white
A. disease
blood cells to fight infection
B. antibiotics
C. circulates lymph and red blood cells to
C. immunity fight infection
D. none of above D. none of above

14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 9

24. What is a disease that can be spread to a C. IgM

person from another person, an animal, or
D. IgE
an object?

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A. cancer 30. An allergy is
B. chronic disease A. an overreaction to nonharmful anti-
C. communicable disease gens

D. none of above B. an appropriate response to a harmful

substance
25. An example of an infectious disease is:
C. an immunodeficiency
A. Diabetes
D. an autoimmune disease
B. Cancer
C. Cardiovascular Disease 31. Nonspecific immunity includes all of the fol-
lowing except
D. Measles
A. Macrophages (WBC)
26. What type of immunity is vaccination?
B. skin
A. natural passive
C. mucous membranes
B. natural active
D. antibodies
C. artificial passive
D. artificial active 32. Are a type of white cell that is produced in
the red bone marrow but they mature in
27. This kind of lymphocyte attaches to B-cells the thymus gland. There is a special kind
and other kind of T-cells to activate anti- of these cell called T-Cell
body recreation on both cells.
A. Erythrocytes
A. B-Cell
B. Lymphocytes
B. T-Cell
C. Blood Cell
C. Helper T-Cell
D. Component Proteins
D. Antigen
33. Human pathogens include
28. The four main types of germs are
A. virus
A. viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi
B. viruses, parasites, fungi, and phago- B. bacteria
cytes C. fungi
C. parasites, bacteria, lymphocytes, and D. all of the above
fungi
D. small, medium, large, and extra large 34. To be “immune” means what?
A. that you are infected
29. Which antibody is associated with allergy
and worm infections? B. that you are more likely to get sick
A. IgG C. that you are bald
B. IgA D. that you are protected

25. D 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A
1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 10

35. immunity in which antibodies are given to C. food poisoning

a person rather than produced within the
D. measles
person’s own body
A. Artificial Passive Immunity 41. What do anti-bodies do?
B. Natural Passive Immunity A. Protein to counter antigens
C. Artificial Active Immunity B. Don’t click this box
D. Artificial Passive Immunity C. Heals white blood cells

NARAYAN CHANGDER
36. What type of cells are involved in the hu- D. Repels bodies
moral immune response?
A. B-cells 42. Which of these will last the longest in the
blood after a primary response?
B. T-cells
A. antibodies
C. Helper-T cells
B. antigens
D. Macrophages
C. memory lymphocytes
37. Which antibody is part of B cell receptor?
D. antibiotics
A. IgA
B. IgD 43. Cause of allergies (such as pet, food, or
C. IgE seasonal).

D. IgM A. Viruses
B. Bacteria
38. What happens first in the inflammatory re-
sponse? C. Over reaction by the body to sub-
A. macrophages arrive and consume stances
pathogens D. Fungus
B. histamine is released by injured mast
cells 44. A preparation made from a weakened or
killed pathogen is called
C. arteries to injury dialate
A. a vaccine
D. veins from the injury constrict
B. an allergen
39. What is the largest outer defense of the
body? C. an antigen

A. Stomach Acid D. a macrophage

B. Mucous Membranes 45. Disease-causing microorganism, such as a
C. Cilia bacterium or virus.
D. Skin A. pathogen

40. Which is not an infectious disease? B. allergen

A. Malaria C. prion
B. diabetes D. antigen

36. A 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. C
1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 11

46. The system keeps the body healthy. 52. HIV binds to specific proteins on cells.
A. musculoskeletal A. B cells

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B. hypothesis B. T cells
C. immune C. Helper T cells
D. none of above D. Macrophages

47. When foreign material enters the body, 53. Proteins produced by B cells and designed
one way the immune system responds is to mark antigens to be destroyed, specific
by to the antigen.
A. lowering the body temperature A. Antigens
B. producing excess red blood cells B. Active Immunity
C. shutting down the circulatory system C. Antibodies
D. producing antibodies D. Antibiotics

48. Which of the following is part of the adap- 54. Lymph nodes are found in the
tive immunity? A. neck
A. Inflammation B. groin
B. Skin C. armpits
C. Macrophages D. all of the above
D. T cells 55. Examples of 1st line of defense.
49. A disease that is not caused by a pathogen A. Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
A. Vaccine B. skin, breathing passages, mouth and
stomach
B. Passive Immunity
C. redness, swelling, higher temp.
C. Vaccination
D. T cells and B cells working
D. Noninfectious disease
56. What can happen when germs invade the
50. What organ is all over your body that is in body?
the immune system?
A. biodiversity
A. Brain
B. infection
B. Lymph natics/Lymph nodes
C. eukaryote
C. Spleen
D. none of above
D. Skin
57. Saliva, tears, and nasal secretion contain
51. The part of foreign materials that cause the enzyme lysozyme which breaks down
a response from the immune system are bacterial cells walls therefore killing bac-
called teria.
A. Antigens A. Chemical Barriers
B. Active Immunity B. Skin
C. Antibodies C. Interferon
D. Antibiotics D. Component Proteins

47. D 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. A
1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 12

58. What are vaccines made of? 64. All of the following are aspects of inflam-
A. White blood cells mation except:
B. good bacteria A. constriction of blood vessels
C. fake pathogens B. phagocytes and neutrophils produce
cytokines that signal the brain to produce
D. protein a fever
59. Which type of cell will remember what the C. increase in permeability of blood ves-
antigen looks like and produce a rapid sec- sels

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ondary response? D. pain
A. Plasma B cells
65. Virus-infected cell secrete a protein named
B. Memory B cells interferon, this protein will alert neigh-
C. Plasma T cells boring cells of the virus, these cell will
D. Memory T cells produce antivirus in them to help prevent
viruses infections.
60. Getting these when you’re young helps A. Chemical Barriers
your immune system fight off diseases:
B. Skin
A. stickers
C. Interferon
B. bandages
D. Component Proteins
C. shots (immunizations)
D. cough drops 66. Which of the following is not apart of your
body’s first line of defense?
61. Provided by antibodies: A. Skin
A. humoral immunity B. Mucus
B. cell-mediated immunity C. Stomach Acid
C. inflammatory response D. Antibodies
D. innate immune response
67. An increase in body temperature when
62. What is the body’s first line (non-specific) sick.
of defense against infection by foreign or- A. infection
ganisms?
B. fever
A. antibodies
C. skin
B. lymph nodes
D. none of above
C. white blood cells
D. the skin 68. Leukocytes are found in lots of places, in-
cluding an organ in your belly that filters
63. immunity occurs when an individual re- blood and help fight infections known as
ceives antibodies. the
A. active A. heart
B. passive B. kidneys
C. false C. spleen
D. cell mediated D. brain

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 13

69. This type of cell inspects cells for antigens C. Ringworm, athlete’s foot, thrush
and kills any cells that display the foreign D. Strep throat, colds, and flu
antigens.

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A. Macrophage 75. Which cells are responsible for producing
large quantities of antibodies?
B. T Cells
C. B Cells A. T cells

D. none of above B. natural killer cells

C. plasma cells
70. What do memory lymphocytes do?
D. macrophages
A. Kills the virus
B. Eats the virus 76. ways pathogen are spread.
C. Patrol the area and make the immune A. person to person and animal bites
system work faster next time.
B. studying, talking, learning, thinking
D. Makes antibodies
C. saliva, mucus, gastric juice, WBC
71. Which of the following is not part of D. environment, animal bites, contami-
the body’s first line of defense against nated items, person to person
pathogens?
A. Skin 77. Which cells release free antibodies into the
blood and lymph?
B. Mucus
A. T cells
C. Stomach Acid
D. Antibody B. B cells
C. Helper T cells
72. Which of the following systems protects
the body from disease? D. Macrophages
A. Digestive System 78. Which of the following is part of innate im-
B. Nervous System munity?
C. Immune System A. Neutrophils
D. Skeletal System B. Cell-Mediated Response
73. What are the organs attacked by the small- C. Inflammation
pox virus? D. Humoral Response
A. Heart and liver
79. When a macrophage engulfs a pathogen
B. Skin, spleen and lymph nodes and displays the antigens, what happens
C. Lungs, stomach, and esophagus next?
D. Ovaries and testes A. Helper T cells pick up information
about the specific pathogen
74. Some diseases caused by bacteria are:
B. B cells produce antibodies
A. smallpox, chicken pox, influenza
B. Strep throat, lyme disease, food poi- C. Killer T cells destroy more pathogens
soning D. Nothing

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 14

80. A vaccines main goal is to: 86. The primary purpose of vaccines is to
A. make people sick A. induce inflammation
B. prevent disease B. activate the immune system to pro-
C. start an epidemic duce memory cells

D. start a pandemic C. stimulate natural killer cells

D. initiate the innate immune response
81. Where are B and T lymphocytes pro-
duced? 87. The inflammatory response is part of our

NARAYAN CHANGDER
immune response.
A. thymus
A. Innate
B. pancreas
B. Adaptive
C. bone marrow
C. Cell Mediated
D. thryoid
D. Humoral
82. Which of the following is a first line of de-
fense? 88. The system returns interstitial fluid to
the blood stream.
A. Antibodies
A. ureters
B. mucus in you nose
B. spleen
C. Red blood cells
C. thymus
D. your white blood cells
D. lymphatic
83. The immune system works with all of the
89. Billy is experiencing a red bump and some
following system EXCEPT
swelling on his ankle as a result of a bee
A. the integumentary sting. This is an example of
B. the lymphatic A. Antibody production
C. the muscular B. A specific immune response
D. the cardiovascular C. The bees beginning their final master
plan to take over the universe.
84. Which is NOT considered FIRST line of de-
fense? D. Non-specific immune response
A. White Blood Cells 90. What is a immune system function
B. Skin A. Doing stuff
C. Hair B. breaks down waste
D. Mucous Membranes C. Eliminate pathogens from body
D. It protects us
85. What is the secondary circulatory system
that helps the body fight pathogens and 91. Which of the following are proteins that
maintain its fluid balance? fight off diseases?
A. lymphatic system A. Antibodies
B. circulatory system B. B Cells
C. blood vessels C. Antigens
D. none of above D. T Cells

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 15

92. The outer covering of the body. A. Component Proteins

A. fever B. Antigen

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B. allergies C. Antibodies
C. skin D. Enzymes
D. none of above 98. T cells are made in the
93. These special proteins, secreted by plasma A. bone marrow
cells, act as antibodies that protect the im- B. spleen
mune system by targeting antigens (sub-
stances that are harmful or perceived as C. thymus
harmful to the body). D. tonsiles
A. vaccination 99. What type of immune response are B cells
B. immunity responsible for?
C. immunoglobulins A. humoral
D. none of the above B. systemic
C. cell mediated
94. Which cells kill cancer cells and infected
cells? D. general
A. cytotoxic T cells 100. How intense were the clinical symptoms
B. B cells of cowpox as compared to smallpox in hu-
mans?
C. mast cells
A. More intense
D. eosinophils
B. Less intense
95. What is the ability to resist the pathogens
C. Same intensity
that cause a particular disease?
D. We cannot compare them as they are
A. defense
caused by two different viruses
B. immunity
101. Vaccines are designed by scientists to ini-
C. immune system
ciate a weak primary response by our im-
D. none of above mune systems. They are able to produce
a protein that resembles the shape of an
96. Occurs when the immune system is ex- on the surface of the pathogen.
posed to antigen and memory cells are pro-
duced. (T and B cells). A. antigen
A. Passive Immunite B. antibody
B. Active Immunity C. ion channel
C. Nonspecific Response D. phospholipid

D. Specific Response 102. An antibiotic can be used for infections

caused by:
97. Are proteins produced by B-lymphocytes
that specifically react with foreigns anti- A. bacteria
gens. B. virus

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 16

C. bacteria or virus C. fats

D. none of above D. cytoplasm

103. T cell’s job. 108. White blood cells are the main cells of
A. identify and distinguish type of the immune system. Where are they pro-
pathogen duced?

B. produce chemical to destroy A. Bone marrow

pathogens B. Veins & arteries

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. engulf pathogens C. Stomach
D. cause one to sneeze D. None of the above

104. What is the job of the spleen? 109. are white blood cells that produce an-
A. Helps transport blood tibodies.

B. Filters blood A. B-Cells

C. Helps differentiate between white and B. T-Cells

red blood cells C. Macrophages
D. none of above D. none of above

105. Sometimes temporary protection against 110. Cells of the immune system are able to
a disease is needed, this protection occur respond to the presence of invading organ-
when antibodies are made in an animal or isms because your immune cells recognize
other person and then transfer to the body. the
This is called A. antigens present on the invaders
A. Passive Immunity B. antibodies present in invading
B. Active Immunity pathogens
C. Nonspecific Immunity C. DNA pattern in the nuclei of viruses
D. Specific Immunity D. antibiotics released from microbes

106. In some individuals, the immune system 111. What specific part of the antigen receptor
attacks substances such as grass pollen is responsible for the variation?
that are usually harmless, resulting in A. The variable regions of light chain and
A. an allergic reaction heavy chain
B. a form of cancer B. The constant region
C. an insulin imbalance C. The variable region on the light chain
D. a mutation only
D. The macrophages
107. Certain microbes, foreign tissues, and
some cancerous cells can cause immune re- 112. Is the first barrier against infection fight
sponses in the human body because all off all pathogens with no specific re-
three contain sponse.
A. antigens A. Chemical barrier
B. enzymes B. Skin

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 17

C. Interferon 118. Which of the following is not a germ?

D. Component Proteins A. bacteria

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113. This protein increases the blood ves- B. viruses
sels permeability to WBCs and other sub- C. antibodies
stances involved in the immune response.
D. none of above
A. histamine
B. complement 119. Where are antibodies produced?
C. lysozyme A. lymph nodes
D. defensin B. capillaries

114. Liz notices that shortly after cutting her C. lacteals

arm accidentally the area around the cut is D. thoracic duct
turning red and feeling hot. Which immune
system defense is Liz experiencing? 120. Where is the thymus located?
A. inflammation A. Legs
B. white blood cell clotting B. Nose
C. skin C. Stomach
D. fever
D. Chest
115. Following a vaccination, the white cells
produce . . . 121. Disease-causing microorganism, such as
a bacterium or fungus.
A. antibiotics
A. antigen
B. antibodies
B. prion
C. statins.
C. pathogen
D. toxins.
D. allergen
116. Which cells produce antibodies to
pathogens? 122. What is a noninfectious disease?
A. Red blood cells A. A disease that can spread
B. Bacteria B. A pathogen
C. lymphocytes C. A disease that can’t spread
D. phagocytes
D. Rabies
117. A dangerous immune response to a safe
substance happens in people with 123. Vaccinations will

A. allergies A. give you a deadly disease

B. resources B. give you autism
C. skin C. give you memory cells
D. none of above D. give you autoimmune diseases

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 18

124. What is a combination of body defenses 130. These molecules are responsible for induc-
made up of cells, tissues, and organs that ing a fever during the innate immune re-
fight pathogens in the body? sponse.
A. immunity A. interferons
B. immune system B. cytokines
C. lymphocytes C. complement
D. none of above D. antibodies

NARAYAN CHANGDER
125. An organism that causes disease 131. As part of the immune system, white
blood cells fight germs. Another name for
A. Pathogen
white blood cells is:
B. Infectious Disease
A. Rhinovirus
C. Phagocyte
B. Leukocytes
D. Antigen
C. Glands
126. Which tissue produces lymphocytes and D. Nodes
filters out impurities and harmful sub-
stances? 132. What do B cells produce?

A. spleen A. antigens

B. tonsils B. macrophages
C. T cells
C. thymus
D. antibodies
D. lymph nodes
133. How is the secondary immune response
127. Viruses multiply:
different than the primary immune re-
A. By conjungation sponse?
B. By taking over a cell’s functions A. faster and more antibodies produced
C. By binary fission B. faster and higher fever
D. Both sexually and asexually C. more antibodies and more phloem
128. Any substance that causes an allergy is D. more blood filtered through liver
a(n): 134. Which of these can you get from germs?
A. Allergen A. cold
B. Irritant B. a broken arm
C. Virus C. nosebleed
D. Carcinogen D. none of above
129. What is the term for a strong response to 135. What do memory cells do?
a harmless antigen in the environment? A. Kills the virus
A. An allergy B. Eats the virus
B. Cell-mediated immunity C. Patrol the area and make the immune
C. An autoimmune disease system work faster next time.
D. Inflammatory response D. Makes antibodies

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 19

136. What is the Immune system? What human body system contains all of
A. The body’s defense system these components?

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B. A system that gives support and struc- A. circulatory
ture B. endocrine
C. A system that helps you breathe C. immune
D. None of the above D. integumentary

137. Passive immunity can be acquired 142. What is the body’s response to injury
through which of the following methods? or disease, resulting in a condition of
swelling, pain, heat, and redness?
A. vaccination
A. inflammation
B. infection
B. infection
C. mother’s milk
C. death
D. topical cream
D. none of above
138. can make you sick.
143. How do you maintain a healthy Immune
A. Germs
System?
B. Nutrients
A. smoke
C. Biodiversity
B. exercise regularly
D. none of above
C. eat junk food
139. What process describes the stimulation D. drink
of one B cell to produce many memory
B cells and memory effector (Active) B 144. Which statement about B cells is false?
cells? A. B cells mature in bone marrow
A. secondary immune response B. B cells have receptors for specific anti-
B. clonal selection gens
C. fever C. Activated B cells produce antibodies
D. the complement D. Activated B cells destroy cancer cells.

140. Which cells have the ability to stimulate 145. How do germs enter the body?
the humoral and cell mediated immune re- A. From touching a mucous membrane
sponses? B. From not washing your hands
A. B cells C. a. From touching your face
B. Cytotoxic T cells D. All of the above
C. Helper T cells
146. Resistance to disease and pathogens.
D. phagocytes
A. immunity
141. All of the following are contained within B. immunization
one human body system:spleen, bone mar-
row, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and C. histamine
white blood cells circulating in the blood. D. vaccine

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 20

147. What is the Immune System made of? C. talks to the helper T cell about what to
A. cells destroy

B. tissues D. the brain tells it which cells belong

C. organs 153. The body’s ability to destroy pathogens

D. cells, tissues, & organs before they can cause disease is called:
A. Tolerance
148. What sort of pathogen causes influenza
(flu)? B. Immunity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. A bacterium C. Vaccine

B. A virus D. Inflammatory response

C. A fungus 154. Disorder of organs or how the organ

D. A protist works that affects part or all of an organ-
ism.
149. Lymphocytes are which type of cell? A. White Blood Cell
A. White blood cells B. Antibody
B. T-cells and B-cells C. Disease
C. Nerve cells D. Pathogen
D. Red blood cells
155. When someone’s immune system overre-
150. First recognizes foreign body and eats it acts to something harmless it’s called
and displays it to the other cells A. overreactus maximus
A. Macraphage B. a sneeze
B. T Cells C. an allergy
C. B Cells D. the measles
D. none of above
156. Jorge has a cold but feels well enough to
151. What is a spleen? study with his friends Lisa and Jin. Lisa
A. Small organs in the back of the throat. and Jin become sick. Which term describes
Jorge’s condition when he was studying
with his friends?
B. The spongy tissue inside some of the
bones in the body. A. noninfectious

C. Controls the amount of red blood cells B. contagious

and blood storage in the body C. immune
D. Help the immune system fight off ill- D. deadly
ness.
157. Act as the directors or managers of the
152. How does your body determine which cell immune system and are essential to acti-
to kill? vating both humoral and cell mediated im-
A. looks at the DNA fingerprint by each mune responses:
cell A. B cells
B. uses the marker proteins B. Cytotoxic T Cells

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 21

C. Helper T cells 164. Are found in the blood and they help
D. Immunocompetent macrophages phagocytes to bind better to pathogens
this complement proteins sometimes form

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158. What is the role of a B cell? a complex in the membrane of the
A. Kills pathogens pathogen these complex creates a pore
which help kill the pathogen.
B. Helps activate other immune cells
A. Chemical Barriers
C. Produces antibodies
B. Skin
D. Binds to antigens
C. Interferon
159. Which of the following is NOT considered
D. Component Proteins
a non-specific defense?
A. mucus 165. Erick wants to avoid exposure to infec-
B. sweat tious disease as much as possible. Which
strategy can best help him do this?
C. tears
A. eat a balanced diet
D. antibodies
B. wash his hands regularly
160. What cell type does HIV target?
C. wear sunscreen outside
A. cytotoxic T cells
D. exercise several days a week
B. helper T cells
C. B cells 166. Which antibody is found in saliva, tears
and breast milk?
D. neutrophils
A. IgA
161. White blood cells are like of our body
B. IgG
A. President
C. IgM
B. Soldier
D. IgE
C. Germs
D. Heart 167. What are one of the main structures of
The Immune System?
162. What is a pathogen?
A. White blood cells
A. A small group of viruses
B. Red blood cells
B. The name given to colds and flu’s
C. Immune system
C. A microorganism that causes disease
D. Your bones
D. A microbes that cause infectious dis-
eases 168. What body system is most affected by
163. Which cells produce antibodies? viruses that cause colds or the flu?
A. macrophages A. digestive
B. monocytes B. respiratory
C. T cells C. circulatory
D. B cells D. immune

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 22

169. Which antibody is most abundant in the 174. A disorder in which the immune system
serum? (produced during secondary im- is overly sensitive to a foreign substance
mune response) A. Allergy
A. IgA B. Allergen
B. IgG C. Passive Immunity
C. IgM D. Active Immunity
D. IgE 175. This allows us to develop an artificial im-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
munity to a disease without ever getting
170. Leukocytes are also called: sick from the disease.
A. White Blood Cells A. antibiotics
B. Red Blood Cells B. vaccines
C. Pathogens C. blood transfusions

D. Antigens D. none of above

176. Example of the First Line of Defense
171. The human body has both internal and ex-
ternal defense against disease. Which of A. Antibodies
these includes only EXTERNAL defenses? B. White Blood Cells
A. hair C. Skin
B. white blood cells D. Red Blood Cells

C. mucus and skin 177. What are the functions of Lymph Nodes?
D. antibodies A. Kills old blood cells
B. Produces purple blood cells
172. A substance or part of a substance (liv-
C. Produces blood cells
ing or nonliving) that the immune system
recognizes as foreign and activates the im- D. Filters the blood
mune system and reacts with immune cells 178. What initiates an immune response?
or their products, such as antibodies.
A. antibody
A. pathogen
B. antigen
B. allergen
C. histamine
C. antigen D. antibiotic
D. antibody
179. Which of the following is not a typical
way for a person to catch a disease?
173. A molecule that helps the immune system
recognizes body cells is the A. From pathogens in the air.
A. Antigen B. From pathogens in boiled water.

B. Antibodies C. From pathogens in poorly cooked food.

C. Antibiotics
D. From physical contact with an infected
D. MHC marker person.

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 23

180. What is probably the easiest way that C. pathogens

doctors can test for a specific viral infec- D. none of above
tion?

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186. Vaccines have reduced the prevalence of
A. test for antibodies that bind to anti-
many deadly diseases. They work primar-
gens on that virus
ily because our B cells, Cytotoxic T cells,
B. extract macrophages and test MHC and Helper T cells have the ability to pro-
proteins duce cells from the vaccine.
C. look for histamine in blood A. memory
D. check stool sample for virus B. plasma
181. Kills infected cells C. macrophages

A. B-cells D. bacteria

B. Immune response 187. How did the smallpox virus infection

spread most frequently?
C. T-cells
A. Through the air
D. Macrophage
B. Through the soil
182. HIV disables the immune system by C. Through blood
A. destroying helper T cells. D. Through feces
B. stimulating autoimmunity.
188. What is the job of the immune system?
C. causing opportunistic infections.
A. help us think
D. becoming carcinogenic.
B. help us move
183. Treatment for diseases caused by viruses C. keep us healthy
include the following D. none of above
A. Rest
189. A noncellular infectious agent that can
B. Drink lots of fluid replicate only within a host cell.
C. Antivirals A. fever
D. All are treatments B. B cell
184. Unlike active immunity, passive immu- C. prion
nity causes D. virus
A. long term resistance to disease 190. Which is not true about subunit vac-
B. short and long term resistance to dis- cines?
ease A. They can be designed using molecular
C. no resistance to disease biology technique
D. short term resistance to disease B. They are less harmful than live attenu-
ated vaccine.
185. What are germs that cause diseases?
C. They generally are made of polypep-
A. fungi tide or oligopeptide.
B. bacteria D. They provide lifetime protection.

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 24

191. A body system that works to keep the C. antibodies

organism healthy. D. neutrophils
A. infection
197. A condition in which the immune system
B. bacteria
attacks the body’s own tissues.
C. immune system
A. allergies
D. none of above
B. deficiency
192. Cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells are

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. cancer
able to identify antigens because they are
presented on the protein outside cells. D. autoimmune disorder
A. major histocompatibility complex 198. Getting these when you’re young helps
(MHC) your immune system fight off diseases
B. voltage gated ion channels
C. sodium potassium pump A. stickers
D. phospholipids B. shots (immunizations)
193. Proteins called can attach to the anti- C. bandages
gen and make it useless. D. cough drops
A. antigen
199. What are the 2 basic types of leuko-
B. antibodies
cytes?
C. B cells
A. phagocytes and lymphocytes
D. T cells
B. white blood cells and red blood cells
194. The process of engulfing a bacterium or C. neutrophil and bacteria
virus particle by a macrophage is known
as D. None of the above
A. Phagocytosis 200. What is the antigen presenting receptor
B. Pinocytosis on the surface of T cells called?
C. T cell A. MHC
D. Dendritic cell B. TLR
195. Which is a failure of immune tolerance? C. GPCR
A. autoimmune disorders D. None of the above
B. allergies 201. What causes immunity?
C. immunodeficiencies
A. production of antigens by helper t cells
D. none of above

196. Y shaped proteins that may mark B. macrophages engulfing pathogens

pathogens for destruction are C. production of antibodies and memory
A. antigens B cells that are left behind
B. T cells D. antigens on the surface of pathogens

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 25

202. Erythrocytes and Leukocytes are pro- C. Bacteria

duced in the
D. The Heart

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A. bone marrow
B. kidney 208. Proteins that help get rid of infections.

C. liver A. antibodies
D. stomach B. skin

203. These cells are responsible for identifying C. allergies

the “enemy” in an immune response. D. none of above
A. Killer-T Cells
209. Which cells allow the body to to remem-
B. B Cells ber and recognize previous invaders?
C. Helper-T Cells A. White Blood Cells
D. Antibodies
B. Antigens
204. What causes lymph nodes to become C. Phagocytes
swollen when we have an infection?
D. Lymphocytes
A. increased red blood cells
B. increased white blood cells 210. Which of the following is NOT acquired
C. increased T-cells A. production of antibodies
D. none of above B. helper T cell making memory cells
205. T cells mature in the C. cytotoxic T cell killing infected body
A. Bone marrow cell

B. Thymus D. creation of histamine during a splinter

infection
C. Blood
D. Thyroid 211. Body temperature that has risen above
the normal set point ( 37 C or 98.6 F); can
206. How are vaccinations able to help us de- indicate an illness. Causes more WBC to
velop immunity? be made.
A. Exposure to disease creates antibod- A. B cell
ies which make us immune
B. fever
B. Exposure to antibodies which makes
us the disease immune to us C. virus
C. Exposure to immunity’s which make us D. T cell
antibodies to the disease
212. Example of the Second Line of Defense.
D. none of above
A. Nose hairs
207. Which one of these options makes lym-
phocytes? B. Antibodies
A. Blood Cells C. White Blood Cell
B. Bone Marrow D. Red Blood Cells

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 26

213. Are located in all lymphatic tissues and 219. What is a virus?
can be thought as antibodies factories. A. A infectious disease that attacks the
A. Helper T-Cells body
B. T-cells B. A cancer cell that can kill you
C. B-Cells C. A infectious cell that heals the body
D. Antibodie D. A cell that reverses red blood cell
growth

NARAYAN CHANGDER
214. Which of the following will not help your
220. Define Immune System
immune system?
A. Looks for broken bones
A. playing sports video games
B. Foreign invader
B. eating healthy food
C. Fights germs
C. exercising
D. Help you breath
D. regularly washing your hands
221. What cell is “in charge” and identifies the
215. These cells bind to antigen presenting specific pathogen?
cells signaling them to produce cytokines A. B-cells
that stimulate B and T cells to divide
B. Immune response
A. helper T cell
C. T-cells
B. mast cell D. Macrophage
C. cytotoxic T cell
222. What are organisms that are so small
D. plasma cells that they can only be seen through a mi-
croscope?
216. d line of defense.
A. germs
A. Barriers
B. pathogens
B. Inflammatory response
C. antibodies
C. Immune response
D. none of above
D. T cells and B cells
223. Which of these is part of the innate im-
217. Which cells produce immunity? mune system (non specific)?
A. helper T cells A. antibodies
B. regulatory T cells B. B lymphocytes

C. memory T cells C. memory B cells

D. macrophages
D. cytotoxic T cells
224. Not sleeping enough does what?
218. The immune system is made up of
A. Kills blood cells
A. tissues
B. Makes you crampy
B. organs
C. Slows production of white blood cells
C. cells D. Decreases effectiveness of the Im-
D. all of the above mune System

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 27

225. Are cuts and sores the only way to get C. Cytotoxic T cells
past the skin? D. Humoral cells

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A. No
231. Why might you become ill after visiting a
B. Yes friend who is sick with the flu?
C. Mabye A. The room your friend was in was too
D. none of above warm.
B. You ate the same kind of food your
226. A protein molecule released by a B cell friend ate.
that binds to specific antigens.
C. You did not dress properly.
A. antigen
D. The virus that causes the flu entered
B. antibody your body.
C. allergy
232. What are two types of lymphocytes?
D. prion
A. B cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells
227. How did Dr. Edward Jenner prove that
cowpox virus inoculation was efficient in B. Macrophages and Neutrophils
protecting against smallpox virus infec- C. erythrocytes and leukocytes
tion?
D. erythrocytes and B cells
A. He guessed.
233. What is the main organ in the immune
B. He wrote a good article.
system
C. He infected himself.
A. lymphoid
D. He tested it and proved it.
B. Bone Marrow
228. help fight germs. C. HEART
A. Infection D. WHAT?
B. Antibodies 234. What happens in the body’s primary re-
C. Punnett square sponse to a pathogen?
D. none of above A. a scab forms
B. lymphocytes produce many antibodies
229. Is the enhance of the immune system in
quickly
an area. The response include; blood ves-
sel become more permeable, blood flow in- C. particular lymphocytes are activated
creases, number of white cells increases. and make copies of themselves
A. White cells D. all lymphocytes are activated and
make copies of themselves
B. Interferon
235. are very small things that often cause
C. Inflammatory Response
infections.
D. Blood Cells
A. Vitamins
230. Which cell primes B AND T cells? B. Viruses
A. Macrophages C. Fever
B. Helper T cells D. none of above

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 28

236. How do antibodies fight antigens? 241. What common diseases can affect the Im-
A. Specific binding sites on antibodies mune system
join with specific markers on antigens A. Asthma
B. Antibodies ignore ‘good’ cells and at- B. Stomach Bug
tack ‘bad’ ones
C. SMOKE
C. Antibodies destroy all the cells they
D. Lung Cancer
come in contact with

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Both 1 and 2 242. What is one of the functions of white
blood cells?
237. How does the immune system contribute
to Homeostasis? A. To carry oxygen in the blood stream

A. Keeps harmful bacteria (etc) away B. To produce antigens that destroy

from the body pathogens

B. Destroys antibodies C. To ingest and destroy pathogens

C. Creates antigens D. none of above

D. Allows the heart to pump blood faster 243. immunity that occurs when a person’s
own immune system produces antibodies
238. What can happen to a pathogen that has
in response to the presence of a pathogen
antibodies attached to its surface?
A. Inflammatory Response
A. it is identified by macrophage
B. Immune Response
B. the kidney filters it out
C. Immunity
C. B cells consume it
D. Active Immunity
D. T cells blow it up

239. An infection in the body might result in a 244. It’s the protein produced by a B cell
sudden of the immune system that destroys a
pathogen.
A. decrease in the activity of antigens
produced by the mitochondria A. T Cell

B. decrease in the amount of DNA B. B Cell

present in the nuclei of cells C. Antibody
C. increase in the activity of white blood D. Vaccination
cells
245. What is the function of innate immune re-
D. increase in the number of red blood
sponse?
cells
A. Act very rapid as a first line of defense
240. What is the series of steps in the immune to eliminate the infection
system called?
B. Trap microbes so they cannot spread
A. Response immune in our body freely
B. Immune response C. Coordinate and support adaptive im-
C. Immune steps munity
D. Steps immune D. All of the above

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 29

246. Collective term for the defense activities B. the white blood cells neutralise the tox-
of the immune system. ins in the vaccine

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A. immune system C. the white blood cells produce antibod-
B. immunization ies against the pathogen.

C. immune response D. the white blood cells reproduce

rapidly.
D. immunity
252. The chemical that recognizes pathogens
247. which of following is not one of the dis- (with their specific antigen) in order to de-
eases covered by the MMR vaccine? stroy them is called a(n)
A. measles
A. antigen
B. rubella
B. antibody
C. meningitis
C. pathogen
D. mumps
D. germ
248. B cell’s job.
253. What did they use in the 1700s to inocu-
A. identify and distinguish pathogens late healthy people for variolation?
B. produce chemicals to destroy A. Pus from the utters of a cow
pathogens
B. Pus from a lymphnode of an infected
C. bake a new recipe for the family patient
D. take a nap C. Pus from scabs of an infected patient
249. What are two parts of the innate immune D. P us from the fresh sores of an in-
system? fected patient
A. barriers and phagocytes 254. The human body has both internal and ex-
B. phagocytes and inflammatory re- ternal defense against disease. Which of
sponse these includes only internal defenses?
C. antibodies and phagocytes A. hair and inflammation
D. T cells and B cells B. white blood cells and sweat
250. Is a substance foreign to the body that C. inflammation and white blood cells
causes an immune response; it can bind to D. skin and mucus
an antibody or T-cell.
255. A white blood cell that makes antibodies
A. White cell
A. T cell
B. Antigen
B. bacteria
C. Antibodies
C. B cell
D. Component Protein
D. mast cell
251. When someone is given the MMR vaccine,
... 256. What is a interferon?
A. the white blood cells ingest the A. A place where white blood cells and
pathogens red cells meet

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 30

B. Red blood cell reproduction process 262. Where are white blood cells made?
C. A protein that inhibits the reproduction A. Bone marrow
of viruses B. Red Blood Cells
D. A Pokemon C. Heart
257. Name two disease that associated with D. Veins
the Immune System?
263. Antigens prepared in such a way that
A. cancer & sepsis when injected or taken orally they induce

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. arthritis & salmonella active immunity without causing disease.
C. asthma & sepsis A. antigen
D. salmonella & cancer B. spleen
C. B cell
258. A condition in which a person’s immune
system is overly sensitive to environmen- D. vaccine
tal substances that are normally harm-
264. What do white blood cells create to fight
less.
infections?
A. Allergy
A. Antibodies
B. Antigen
B. Leukocytes
C. Bacteria
C. Antibiotics
D. Virus
D. Antigens
259. Which of the following is NOT a granulo-
265. What percentage of infected people
cyte?
would die after smallpox virus infection?
A. neutrophil
A. 13%
B. basophil
B. 30%
C. eosinophil
C. 33%
D. macrophage
D. 3%
260. What are the substances that send the
266. Produces antibodies to fight the antigen
immune system into action?
and marks the antigen
A. antigens
A. Macraphage
B. antibodies B. T Cells
C. vaccines C. B Cells
D. none of above D. none of above
261. An occurs when a virus or microor- 267. What is the role of the immune system?
ganism enters the body.
A. To pump blood throughout the body
A. infection
B. To protect the body from disease-
B. ATP causing agents
C. allergies C. To contain disease-causing organisms
D. none of above to a single area of the body

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 31

D. To give Mr. Wael something to test us 274. Immune responses upon a second expo-
over sure to a pathogen are due to the activa-
tion of

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268. How do antibodies function to fight infec-
tion? A. memory cells.
A. They mark the cell for duplication B. macrophages.
B. They mark the cell for reproduction C. stem cells.
C. They mark the cell for death D. B cells.
D. none of above 275. What are Lymphocytes?
269. An example of a noninfectious disease A. A type of red blood cell
is: B. A nucleus
A. Influenza
C. A type of white blood cell
B. Small Pox
D. Bone Marrow
C. Diabetes
276. What are the special white blood cells in
D. Typhoid
the blood and lymphatic system?
270. What is the purpose of antibodies? A. antigens
A. To pump lymph through the vessels B. lymphocytes
B. To create lymph C. t-cells
C. To fight infection
D. none of above
D. To remove old red blood cells
277. What is the name of the set of genes that
271. What is another name for B cells that pro- produce proteins that present antigens?
duce antibodies?
A. major histocompatibility complex
A. plasma cells (MHC)
B. memory cells B. variable regions of antibodies
C. natural killer cells C. operons
D. macrophages
D. regulatory sequences
272. These cells are responsible for making an-
278. Cause of common cold and flu.
tibodies.
A. Viruses
A. Helper T Cells
B. Killer T Cells B. Bacteria

C. B Cells C. Reaction by the body to substances

D. Macrophages D. none of above

273. Vaccines protect: 279. The purpose of the immune system is to:
A. vaccinated person A. help germs invade your body
B. those too young to be vaccinated B. fight off sikness
C. those who have weak immune system C. make your nose run
D. all of the above D. give you diarrhea

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 32

280. What are the smallest and simplest B. Second

pathogens? C. Third
A. virus D. none of above
B. fungi
286. Which immune response is called “adap-
C. bacteria
tive or acquired ‘’?
D. none of above
A. External

NARAYAN CHANGDER
281. Edward Jenner succeeded in creating a B. Non-specific
vaccine against smallpox by injecting pa-
C. Specific
tients with material of which disease?
D. none of above
A. Small pox
B. Cow pox 287. What are the two types of white blood
cells?
C. Cattle Virus
A. Phagocytes and pathogens
D. Measles Virus
B. Phagocytes and lymphocytes
282. The smallpox vaccine was developed us-
ing fluids from which other disease? C. Lymphocytes and pathogens

A. chicken pox D. none of above

B. mad cow disease 288. A vaccine contains

C. black plague A. cow pox
D. cowpox B. an inactive strain of the pathogen
283. The four main types of germs are: C. a small amount of the pathogen
A. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi D. small pox

289. What are three ways your body builds

B. Viruses, parasites, fungi, and phago- immunity?
cytes
A. vaccinations, being around dirt, taking
C. Parasites, bacteria, lymphocytes, and medicine
fungi
B. going to the doctor, vaccinations, rest
D. Small, medium, large, and extra large
C. passes from mother to fetus, sickness,
284. Lymph nodes are found in the: vaccinations
A. neck D. antibiotics, being around sick people,
vaccinations
B. armpits
C. groin 290. Which pathogen can be cured by antibi-
otics?
D. all of the above
A. Virus
285. Which line of defense includes the skin,
sweat, mucous membranes, and normal B. Bacteria
microbiota? C. Protist
A. First D. Fungi

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 33

291. A dangerous immune response to a safe 297. Foreign cells in the body carry foreign
substance. proteins that the body recognises as ‘non-
self’. These are called:

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A. viruses
B. allergies A. Antibodies
C. infection B. Antigens
D. none of above C. Red Blood Cells
292. B cells mature in the D. White Blood Cells
A. thymus
B. intestine 298. The immune system fights diseases. The
circulatory system pairs with the immune
C. bone marrow system because
D. heart
A. blood is made in the bones.
293. Make antibodies in the humoral immune
B. plasma carries nutrients.
response:
A. Phagocytes C. red blood cells carry oxygen.

B. Monocytes D. white blood cells fight infection.

C. Neutrophils
299. David has an infection that is restricted
D. B cells to his right arm. What type of infection is
294. Produced by B cells and designed to mark this?
antigens to be destroyed. A. local
A. Antigens B. systemic
B. Active Immunity
C. general
C. Antibodies
D. edemic
D. Antibiotics
295. What type of cells are responsible for the 300. All of these are part of the innate immune
secondary immune response? response except:
A. macrophages A. B cells
B. Helper T cells B. mast cells
C. Memory B, Memory T, Memory Helper
C. natural killer cells
T cells
D. Phagocytes D. macrophages

296. which one is not part of cell mediated im- 301. Another name for white blood cells is:
munity, specific response?
A. Blood
A. Helper T cells
B. Photosyntesis
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Suppressor T cells C. Leukocytes
D. Macrophages D. Body

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 34

302. Which best describes the relationship be- 307. What are one of the ways you can keep
tween antibodies and antigen? your Immune system healthy?
A. One antibody can affect several differ- A. Drinking lots of soda
ent antigens. B. Exercising daily
B. Antibodies are specific to one antigen. C. Eating lots of pizza
D. Sleeping 2 hours per day
C. Antigens are produced in response to

NARAYAN CHANGDER
antigen. 308. Where do T cells mature?
D. Immunity develops when an antigen A. lymph node
destroys an antibody. B. bone marrow
303. Which of the following is NOT part of the C. thymus
first line of defense? D. liver
A. skin
309. What is the immune system’s purpose?
B. B cells
A. to circulate blood
C. sweat B. to digest food
D. lysozyme C. to protect the body from disease
304. All of the following prevent pathogens D. none of above
from entering the body except
310. These immune system cells stimulate ac-
A. red blood cells tions of other cells. What are they?
B. tears A. Cytotoxic T cells
C. mucus B. Memory B cells
D. skin C. Helper T cells
305. Which antibody is produced during the D. B plasma cells
primary immune response? 311. What is the body’s first line of defense
A. IgA against disease?
B. IgG A. skin
C. IgM B. blood
D. IgE C. antibodies
D. enzymes
306. What is the function of the immune sys-
tem? 312. As part of the immune system, white
A. To break down food blood cells fight germs. Another name for
white blood cells is
B. To distribute energy throughout the
body A. Rhinovirus
C. To be an instrument of communication B. Glands
between different parts of the body C. Leukocytes
D. To fight off diseases D. Nodes

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 35

313. What is a preparation of dead or weak- 318. A molecule that induces an immune re-
ened pathogens that is introduced into the sponse?
body to cause an immune response?

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A. antibody
A. fungi B. receptor
B. vaccine C. antigen
C. antigens D. sebum
D. none of above
319. What is the body’s first line of defense
314. Examples of 2nd line of defense. against infection by foreign organisms?
A. skin and stomach A. antibodies
B. T cells and B cells B. lymph nodes

C. increased blood flow, redness, C. white blood cells

swelling and higher temp. D. the skin
D. fever and diarrhea 320. Which of the following is NOT part of the
second line of defense?
315. immunity that occurs when a person’s
own immune system produces antibodies A. interferons
in response to the presence of a pathogen B. low pH of the skin
when a person gets sick
C. complement fixation
A. Natural Passive Immunity
D. pyrogens
B. Natural Active Immunity
321. Which of these is NOT an outer defense?
C. Artificial Active Immunity
A. Stomach acid
D. Artificial Passive Immunity
B. Mucus membrane
316. When someone’s immune system overre- C. White blood cells
acts to something harmless it’s called:
D. Tears
A. Overreactus maximus
B. An allergy 322. Which of the following is not associated
with humoral immunity?
C. A sneeze
A. antibodies
D. The measles
B. breast milk
317. These kind of cells releases cytokines; cy- C. B cells
tokines stimulate the cells of the immune
D. cytotoxic T cells
system to an area of infection, they also
bind to pathogen releasing a chemical at- 323. Anything that triggers an immune re-
tack, killing the pathogen. sponse is a/n
A. B-Cells A. lymph cell
B. Cytotoxic T-Cell B. antigen
C. Helper T-Cell C. antibody
D. Antibodie D. neutrop

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 36

324. A substance made of weakened, killed, 329. B cells are made in the
or partial pathogens are designed to pro- A. thymus
tect the body from future invasions of that
pathogen. B. intestine

A. Vaccine C. bone marrow

B. Virus D. spleen

C. Disease 330. What are the two parts of the Adaptive

NARAYAN CHANGDER
Immune System?
D. Microbe
A. Humoral and Cell Mediated
325. What is one of the ways that antibiotics
B. Humoral and Innate
work?
C. Inflammatory and Cell Mediated
A. They can stop bacteria from reproduc-
ing D. Cell Mediated and Macrophages
B. They can stop viruses from reproduc- 331. Enzyme in saliva and tears that kills cer-
ing tain kinds of bacteria.
C. They stop toxins from poisoning the tis- A. histamine
sues of hosts B. lysozyme
D. They engulf the pathogens C. cytokines
326. Antibiotics do not work on D. basophil
A. bacteria 332. What is the immune system’s main pur-
B. viruses pose?
C. fungi A. The immune system trap germs in an
organ so they do not spread.
D. children
B. The immune system produces illness
327. Cells of the immune system are able to and bacteria.
respond to the presence of invading organ- C. Helps your body fight off illness and
isms because they recognize the disease.
A. antigens present on the invaders D. Let’s germs into the body.
B. antibodies present in invading
pathogens 333. What percentage of people would die af-
ter variolation?
C. DNA pattern in the nuclei of viruses
A. 13%
D. antibiotics released from microbes
B. 30%
328. These cells remain in the blood stream af- C. 33%
ter an immune response.
D. 3%
A. Memory B and T Cells
334. occurs when a person’s own immune
B. Killer T Cells and B Cells
system procures antibodies in response to
C. Helper T and B Cells the pathogen.
D. Suppressor Cells and Macrophages A. Passive immuneity

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1.3 The Good, Bad, and Ugly of the Immune System 37

B. Sneezing and coughing 340. Common microscopic organisms.

C. Active immunity A. immune system

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D. none of above B. viruses

335. The immune system is made up of C. bacteria

A. tissues D. none of above

B. cells 341. HIV attacks and kills which of the follow-

C. organs ing?

D. all of the above A. Plasma B cells

B. Memory B cells
336. An individual who has had chicken pox
rarely gets this disease again. This situ- C. Helper T cells
ation is an example of D. Cytotoxic T cells
A. biological control 342. Which antibody is produced during the
B. negative feedback primary immune response?Also good acti-
C. active immunity vators of complement system.

D. passive immunity A. IgA

B. IgG
337. One function of the skin is to
C. IgM
A. sense the environment
D. IgE
B. produce antibodies
C. provide oxygen 343. Which of the following secretes his-
tamine?
D. regulate blood flow
A. B cells
338. A protein produced by a b cell of the im- B. macrophages
mune system that destroys a pathogen
C. neutrophils
A. B Cell
D. mast cells
B. T Cell
C. Vaccination 344. What is the first line of defense your
body has against pathogens?
D. Antibody
A. Fever
339. Where would a disease transmitted by B. Interferons
person-to-person contact be most likely to
spread quickly? C. Antigens

A. In a remote region, where contact be- D. Mucus

tween people is rare. 345. Diseases are passed from human to hu-
B. In a rural farming community, where man by these four types of germs:
neighbors live miles apart. A. Viruses, influenza, HIV, and vaccines
C. In a crowded city. B. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
D. In a medical lab

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 1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 38

C. Viruses, cancers, mutagens, and DNA D. none of above

D. Viruses, blood, pollutants, and symp- 347. What function does mucus play in the im-
toms mune system?
346. are white blood cells that fight infec- A. traps foreign particles from entering
tion by “eating” or engulfing pathogens. the body
A. T-cells B. moistens food
B. B-cells C. produces WBCs

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Phagocytes D. acts as a lubricant

1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive

1. What process coats the antigen with anti- D. Artificial-Passive immunity
body to make it more likely to be phago-
cytosed? 5. The lymph nodes are in your armpit.
A. opsonization A. axillary
B. blanketing B. brachial
C. immunization C. radial
D. framing D. ulnar
2. Which type of pathogenic microbe causes 6. Which of the following is not a character-
COVID-19? istic sign of acute inflammation?
A. virus
A. lasts for a long period of time
B. bacteria
B. swelling
C. fungi
C. loss of movement
D. protozoa
D. redness
3. What do pathogens have on their surface
that the body launches a specific attack 7. Humoral immunity is through
against? A. B-lymphocytes
A. Antibodies B. T-lymphocytes
B. Antigens
C. Antigens
C. Markers
D. cytotoxic t-cells
D. Cell wall
8. Which part of a pathogen is recognised by
4. Direct exposure through pathogen contact, the immune system?
infection describes (the body makes it’s
own antibodies) A. active site
A. Natural-Active immunity B. antibiotic
B. Natural-Passive immunity C. antibody
C. Artificial-Active immunity D. antigen

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 39

9. Which of the following is present in tears 15. The largest lymphatic structure is?
and kill bacteria? A. Lymph

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A. NaCL B. tonsils
B. Lysozyme C. Spleen
C. Neutrophil D. none of above
D. Sebum
16. What is your immune system?
10. Which of the following actually kills invad- A. a pathogen you catch
ing microbes?
B. none of the above
A. lysozymes C. a flu shot
B. stomach acid D. body’s protection against diseases
C. intestinal enzymes
17. What is the role of B cells?
D. all of the above
A. To identify a pathogen
11. Apoptosis is: B. To launch an immune respone
A. Carried out by Natural Killer cells C. To produce antibodies specific to an
B. Programmed cell death antigen
C. Triggers lysis (rupturing of the cell D. To cause inflammation
wall) 18. The adaptive immune response involves
D. All of These specialized white blood cells called lympho-
cytes which are also known as
12. T-lymphocytes do which of the following:
A. platelets.
A. Cause inflammation
B. macrophages.
B. Activate macrophages
C. B and T cells.
C. Regulate the immune response
D. none of above
D. All of These
19. Which of the following is not a character-
13. The body’s nonspecific defenses against in- istic of B cells?
vading pathogens include A. they have antibodies on their surface
A. antibiotics. B. they originate in bone marrow
B. mucus, sweat and tears. C. they recognize antigens associated
C. antibodies. with MHC class I
D. Killer T cells. D. they are responsible for the memory
response
14. Creates antibodies
20. Production of antibodies and sensitized T-
A. T-Lymphocytes
cells that attack and damage own tissue is
B. Lymphocytes characteristic of
C. B-Lymphocytes A. immunodeficiency
D. Leukocytes B. auto-immune disease

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 40

C. allergy hypersensitivity 26. Foreign substances that invade the body

D. all of the above A. Neutrophils
B. Innate Immunity
21. Which of the following can cause infections
to open cuts? C. Antigen
A. Baceteria D. Phagocytes

B. Viruses 27. What is the name of the virus that causes

destruction of T cells and weakens the im-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Fungi
mune system?
D. All of them A. HAV
22. Which pathogen reproduces using binary B. HIVE
fission (Asexual Reproduction)? C. HIV
A. Virus D. HOV
B. Bacteria 28. Bacteria can harm your body and cause dis-
C. Fungi ease by
D. Parasite A. destroying cells and capturing toxins
B. damaging tissue and releasing toxins
23. Kills pathogens and speeds up the produc-
tion of protective proteins in the immune C. damaging organs and ingesting cells
system. D. causing fungus and viruses to grow
A. Macrophages 29. In which condition does the body turn
B. Inflammation against itself and mistakenly attack nor-
mal cells?
C. Fever
A. autoimmune disease
D. Stomach acid
B. allergy
24. When a tissue from a man is grafted onto a C. Hodgkin’s disease
woman it may be rejected by the woman’s D. cardiovascular disease
body. What is the main cause of this rejec-
tion? 30. What type of cell produces antibodies?
A. antibody production A. macrophage
B. phagocytosis B. cytotoxic T cell
C. the action of antibiotics C. plasma cell
D. Helper T cell
D. the presence of a Y chromosome
31. The skin, mucous membranes, natural se-
25. Athlete’s foot is an example of this cretions, and natural flora are all part of
pathogen the
A. Bacteria A. First line of defense
B. Virus B. Second line of defense
C. Fungus C. Third line of defense
D. Protozoan D. none of above

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 41

32. This gland, located on the upper chest, is C. Lymph Vessels

the lymphatic site where T cells mature: D. none of above

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A. tonsils
38. Vaccines are important because:
B. trachea
A. They cause a stronger and faster pri-
C. thymus mary response.
D. thalamus B. They cause a weaker and slower pri-
mary response.
33. HIV is spread through
C. They cause a weaker and faster pri-
A. droplet infection mary response.
B. direct contact D. They cause a stronger and slower pri-
C. blood and bodily fluids mary response.
D. none of above 39. A baby is born lacking a thymus gland.
What cells are missing in the child?
34. How is lymph moved through lymphatic
vessels? A. B cells
A. Contractions of the small intestine B. T cells
B. Blood cells carry lymph through the C. Plasma cells
vessels D. Macrophages
C. Contractions of the heart 40. It is when a cell engulfs a large particle
D. Contractions of skeletal muscle (ex. pathogen) to form an internal com-
around the vessels partment.
A. Cytokine release
35. What are memory T Cells?
B. Inflammatory reaction
A. The kills infected body cells
C. Phagocytosis
B. They help the immune system respond
quicker if the same pathogen enters the D. Apoptosis
body again 41. Cells that engulf pathogens and destroy
C. They signal B Cells them.
D. They cause Inflammation A. Macrophages
B. Epithelial cells
36. These cells are part of the specific (adap-
tive) immune response. C. Skin cells
A. Mast cells D. Lining of the gut

B. Macrophages 42. Cells that provide a physical barrier to re-

sist pathogen invasion, as well as secrete
C. Neutrophils
protective substances to discourage the ac-
D. B cells cumulation of pathogens.
37. The lymphatic structure that closely paral- A. Macrophages
lell veins are called? B. White blood cells
A. Capillaries C. Epithelial skin cells
B. Lymph D. Helper T Cells

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 42

43. Chemical that causes the blood vessels C. Fungus

around the infection to dilate (expand) so D. none of above
that more blood can flow to the infection
A. Stomach acid 49. What is a protective protein produced by
the immune system?
B. Mucus
A. Antibody
C. Epithelial cells
B. Antibiotic
D. Histamines

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Antigen
44. Outbreaks of disease, called epidemics,
can be prevented by vaccinating much of D. Antimicrobial
the population through a process known
50. Swelling of the tongue and throat, trou-
as
ble breathing, a drop in blood pres-
A. Passive immunity sure and stomach cramps/vomiting are
B. Active immunity signs/symptoms of what disorder?
C. Public immunity A. anaphylactic shock
D. Herd immunity B. tonsillitis
C. AIDS
45. T cells that kill infected cells are
D. myocardial infarction
A. cytotoxic T’s
B. helper T’s 51. Immune response is best described as
C. plasma cells A. formation of antibodies
D. antigen presenting c B. formation of an antigen-antibody com-
plex (Ag-Ab)
46. B-Lymphocytes are aka
C. formation of antigens
A. B cells
D. none of the above are correct
B. t-cells
C. MALT 52. The antibody found in saliva, tears and mu-
cus are
D. lymph nodes
A. IgA
47. What is the medical term for watery fluid
inside the lympathic vessels? B. IgG

A. Plasma C. IgD

B. Lymph D. IgM
C. Blood 53. What is the body’s most important nonspe-
D. none of above cific defense?
A. passive immunity provided by mom.
48. Vaccines are most often associated with
this pathogen. B. skin
A. Virus C. active immunity provided by vaccines.
B. Bacteria D. inflammatory response

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 43

54. What is the first barrier against disease? B. habitat

A. white blood cells C. ecosystem

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B. red blood cells D. carrying capacity
C. the skin 60. What process coats the antigen with an-
D. leukocytes tibody/complement proteins to make it
more likely to be phagocytosed?
55. Athlete’s foot, jock itch, and yeast infec-
tions are examples of diseases caused by A. opsonization
this type of microorganism B. blanketing
A. bacteria C. immunization
B. virus D. framing
C. fungus 61. what pathogen can be treated by antibi-
D. parasite otics
A. virus
56. Which pathogen needs a host cell to repro-
duce? B. bacteria
A. virus C. protozoa
B. bacteria D. fungi
C. fungus 62. These cells are best known for releasing
D. parasite histamine and being a key player in seri-
ous allergic reactions.
57. The barriers of your immune system in-
A. Macrophages
clude all the following except?
B. Mast cells
A. skin
C. Neutrophils
B. your hands
D. B cells
C. saliva
D. eye balls 63. A medicine produced by microorganisms
used to destroy pathogens in humans and
58. T-lymphocytes domestic animals
A. Act as markers to identify pathogens A. Antibiotics
for B-lymphocytes to destroy B. Immune System
B. Destroy foreign pathogens marked by C. Microbe
antibodies
D. Vaccine
C. Generate new lymph
D. Create antibodies to mark pathogens 64. Develops throughout your life and im-
proves as you are exposed to disease
59. Anything that can decrease the size of a A. Passive Immunity
population including living (biotic) and non
living (abiotic) features of an ecosystem B. Adaptive Immunity
such as predators and drought. C. Antigen
A. limiting factor D. Antibodies

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 44

65. Lymphocytes that travel to the thymus C. Combination

gland to mature D. Activation of complement system
A. Antigen
71. Wood ticks, liver flukes, and tape worms
B. T-Lymphocytes are examples of this type of microorgan-
C. B-Lymphocytes ism
D. Phagocytes A. bacteria
B. virus

NARAYAN CHANGDER
66. How does passive immunity differ from ac-
tive immunity? In passive immunity C. fungus
A. antibodies are produced by lympho- D. parasite
cytes
72. Which of the following is a result of
B. immunity depends on vaccination
acquired immunodeficiency, specifically,
C. immunity is specific to one type of anti- AIDS
gen
A. decreased b cell activity
D. no memory cells are produced
B. decreased t cell activity
67. T-lymphocytes provide immunity. C. increased helper t cell
A. cell-mediated or cellular D. blocks helper t cell activity
B. antibody
73. are made naturally by bacteria and
C. humoral fungi, as well as artificially by human be-
D. both antibody and humoral ings.
A. Vaccination
68. Specialized proteins that attach to specific
antigens B. Antibiotics
A. Innate Immunity C. Immunity
B. Antigen D. none of above
C. Antibodies 74. What is the body’s hypersensitive re-
D. Leukocytes sponse to an outside substance that is oth-
erwise harmless?
69. The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte
A. autoimmune disease
B cells provides
B. allergy
A. cell-mediated immunity
C. Hodgkin’s disease
B. passive immunity
D. cardiovascular disease
C. humoral immunity
D. permanent immunity 75. Which pathogen is non-living?

70. Which one of these are NOT antigen anti- A. Virus

body interaction B. Bacteria
A. Opsonization C. Fungi
B. Neutralization D. Parasite

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 45

76. Which of the following is not a kind of C. They produce and release antibodies
pathogen? to fight antigens.

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A. Bacteria D. All of These
B. Protists
82. Which term means “cell eating?”
C. Mosquitoes
A. Pinocytosis
D. Fungi
B. Phagocytosis
77. Which pathogen can be prevented with
vaccines C. Leukocyte

A. Virus D. Leukosis
B. Bacteria 83. Complement and antibody are similar in
C. Fungi that both:
D. All of them A. are produced by mast cells
78. The type of immunity passed from mum to B. may make bacteria more attractive to
baby phagocytes
A. Artificially active C. have two identical antigen-binding
B. Artificially passive sites

C. Naturally active D. are activated in an inflammatory cas-

cade
D. Naturally passive

79. The cell which is part of the cell-mediated 84. This cell engulfs and destroys pathogens.
response is A. helper T cell
A. B-plasma cells. B. macrophage
B. Cytotoxic T-cells. C. mast cell
C. macrophages. D. plasma cell
D. mast cells.
85. This is the word for a disease causing or-
80. The type of bacteria that is spiral shaped ganism.
is called:
A. Phagocyte
A. Coccus
B. Pathogen
B. Bacillus
C. Pandemic
C. Spirillium
D. Capsule D. none of above

81. B-lymphocytes are considered the stars of 86. Which type of cells make antibodies?
the immune system because: A. A cells
A. They recognize & bind to specific anti-
B. B cells
gen.
C. M cells
B. They produce antibodies that attach to
their cell membranes. D. T cells

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 46

87. Which of the following is a non-specific re- C. increased blood flow

sponse? D. phagocyte attack
A. Fever
93. B-lymphocytes become immunocompetent
B. Red, itchy eyes that may be crusted
in
shut
A. thymus
C. Signs that is related to one antigen
B. spleen
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. bone marrow
88. What type of immunity is responsible for
agglutination of viruses? D. tonsils

A. passive immunity 94. A cellular structure used in phagocytosis

B. cell mediated immunity filled with digestive enzymes such as pro-
tease.
C. nonspecific immunity
A. vesicle
D. antibody immunity
B. Phagosome
89. Which of the following are part of the non-
C. Phagolysosome
specific defence (innate immune system)
against diseases? D. Lysosome
A. B cells 95. An agent that causes a disease is a
B. T cells
A. Pathogen
C. Plasma cells
B. Coronavirus
D. Macrophages
C. Antigen
90. Two main organs of the lymph system: D. Leukocyte
A. Thymus & Pancreas
96. An organism that enters a life form and
B. Pancreas & Thyroid causes disease or sickness is a/an:
C. Spleen & Thymus A. macrophage
D. Tonsils & Thyroid B. pathogen
91. Disease causing agents such as bacteria C. vaccine
and viruses are called
D. flu
A. pathogens
97. What is the best definition of antibodies?
B. antibodies
C. germs A. antibiotics that help you when you are
sick
D. dust
B. organs that create pathogens
92. The inflammatory response includes all of C. pathogens that enter the bloodstream
the following except
A. vessel constriction D. proteins that attach to specific anti-
B. temperature increase gens to neutralize them

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 47

98. The organism that is infected by a C. interferon being released in response

pathogen/antigen is known as the: to a viral infection.

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A. survivor D. TC cells attacking a cancer.
B. infectee
104. Diabetes is a disease that can not be
C. source passed from one person to another. Be-
D. host cause of this, we say it is

99. The chemical that causes the allergic re- A. infectious

sponse during an asthma attack is B. noninfectious
A. estrogen C. immune
B. antibodies D. harmless
C. histamine
105. Resistance to disease.
D. antihistamine
A. immunity
100. Protein formed in response to an anti-
B. clone
gen and it’s goal is to promote destruction.
AKA immunoglobulins. C. antigen
A. immunity D. antibody
B. clone
106. Which disease is caused by a bacteria?
C. antigen
A. flu
D. antibody
B. cold
101. The cells are the attacking or killer C. athletes foot
cells.
D. strep throat
A. B cells
B. C cells 107. People who receive organ transplants
sometimes produce antibodies in response
C. T cells
to foreign proteins present in the organ of
D. D cells the donor. This reaction is an example of
102. Where do T-cells reach maturity? A. deamination
A. bone marrow B. clotting
B. tonsils C. regeneration
C. thymus D. rejection
D. lymph nodes
108. What are neutrophils?
103. An example of the humoral response
A. Toxins
would be
B. Red blood cell
A. the production of antibodies in re-
sponse to a pathogen. C. Travel to the infected area and ingest
B. blood complement proteins lysing bac- bacteria
teria. D. none of above

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 48

109. Which microorganism is nonliving? 114. What type of pathogen causes Ebola?
A. bacteria A. Bacteria
B. virus B. Fungi
C. fungus C. Virus
D. parasite D. Protist

110. Which best compares bacteria and 115. Newborns can acquire immunity

NARAYAN CHANGDER
viruses? through breast milk.

A. bacteria are smaller than viruses A. specific

B. bacteria cause disease, but viruses do B. passive

not C. active
C. bacteria have genetic material, but D. innate
viruses do not
116. Which of the following does NOT directly
D. bacteria are living organisms, but help the Lymphatic system?
viruses are not
A. liver
111. Where are lymph nodes NOT heavily con- B. spleen
centrated in your body?
C. tonsils
A. Butt
D. thymus
B. Neck
117. Bacteria and dead cells are removed from
C. Groin
circulatory fluid in the
D. Armpits A. alveoli
112. Why is it necessary to have the flu shot B. villi
every year? C. nephron
A. A person’s antibodies level never de- D. lymph nodes
clines after receiving the vaccine
B. People only have passive immunity to 118. Genetically identical copy
the flu for one year A. immunity
C. The flu virus evolves quickly B. clone
D. The flu virus remains unchanged from C. antigen
year to year D. antibody
113. Which factor has the greatest effect on 119. A motile cell which is able to engulf in-
the rate of evolution of animals? fected cells is called a
A. use and disuse A. TH cell.
B. environmental changes B. Mast Cell
C. asexual reproduction C. Plasma Cell
D. need to survive D. phagocytic cell.

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 49

120. A protein that attacks antigens is called: 125. The lymph nodes are in your groin
A. Antibody A. axillary

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B. Immune response B. femoral
C. Inflammatory Response C. lumbar
D. Vector D. inguinal

121. A type of T cell that destroys infected 126. What attacks microbes indiscriminately?
cells is a: A. The adaptive immune system
A. cytotoxic (killer) T cell B. The innate immune system
B. helper T cell C. The lymphatic system
C. memory T cell D. The nervous system

D. suppressor T cell 127. Which of the following are known for in-
flicting direct damage
122. Cells that are descendants of activated T
A. Helper T cells
and B cells produced during an initial im-
mune response, which exist in the body for B. cytotoxic (killer) cells
years, enabling it to respond quickly to fu- C. suppressor cells
ture infections, are known as
D. memory T cells
A. memory cells
128. The most abundant antibody in serum is
B. killer B’s
A. IgA
C. suppressor T cells
B. IgM
D. killer T cells
C. IgG
123. While in the lymphatic vessels, tissue D. IgE
fluid pass through structures called
that filter the fluid 129. Babies acquire immunity to some dis-
eases before birth and are protected dur-
A. Lymphocytes ing the first six months after they are
B. Lymph nodes born.
C. Thymus glands A. pasive
D. Mucus traps B. passive
C. active
124. Put the steps of late phase B-cell activa-
tion in order.1. Binding antigen on BCR (B- D. actitive
cell receptor)2. Making antibodies3. Th 130. Which word best describes the relation-
cell binding4. Antigen presentation by B ship between the lymphatic system and
cell the circulatory system?
A. 1, 3, 2, 4 A. antagonistic
B. 2, 3, 1, 4 B. complementary
C. 1, 3, 4, 2 C. independent
D. 1, 4, 3, 2 D. redundant

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 50

131. What shape is a bacteria with coccus in 137. Vaccines stimulate your body to produce
the name?
A. Spiral A. viruses
B. Rods
B. antigens
C. Sphere
C. antibodies
D. None of the Above
D. pathogens
132. The second line of defense of the immune

NARAYAN CHANGDER
system is:
138. Which cell type is the smallest?
A. lymphatic response
A. bacteria
B. infection response
C. auto-immune response B. plant

D. inflammatory response C. animal

133. Treatment for a local allergic reaction in- D. fungi

cludes
A. epinephrine 139. What do lymph nodes produce?

B. antihistamine A. Lymphocytes
C. corticosteroids B. Nutrients
D. all of the above C. Pathogens
134. What is not a consequence of vaccina- D. Blood plasma
tion?
A. Antigens trigger an immune response 140. The “tags” or “flags” the B-cells use to
B. Antibodies lock onto antigens mark an invader are called
C. Memory cells are produced A. antibiotics
D. Phagocytes produce antibodies B. antibodies
135. You are sick with strep throat, which is a C. vaccines
bacterial infection. What type of medicine
will the doctor prescribe? D. infectious
A. a vaccine
141. Some staphylococcal infections re-
B. an antibiotic sult from direct contact with infected
C. an antibody wounds.Which of the following cells is a
D. an immune system first line of defence against staphylococcal
bacteria?
136. Cells that chew up invading organisms
A. B cells
A. Phagocytes
B. Skin cells
B. Leukocytes
C. Neutrophils C. Killer T cells
D. Antiobodies D. Helper T cells

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 51

142. Cell-mediated immunity is a type of ac- 147. A(n) is specially designed to safely
quired immunity. This is the immunity one hold municipal solid waste, construction
develops throughout life. Which of the fol- debris, and some types of agricultural and

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lowing types of cells are mostly involved industrial waste.
in cell-mediated immunity? A. sanitary landfill
A. T cells B. open dump
B. B cells C. waste pit
C. erythrocytes D. dumpster
D. neutrophils 148. Which of the following can be treated us-
ing antibiotics?
143. What part of the lymphatic system filters
foreign material from blood and destroys A. viral infections
old RBCs? B. fungal infections
A. spleen C. bacterial infections
B. lymph nodes D. allergic reactions
C. thymus 149. A lymphatic structure located in the upper
D. lymphatic vessels left quadrant of the abdomen is called?
A. Lymph
144. Antibody mediated of humoral immunity
response, depends upon providing to B. Lymph fluid
be present in the body’s humors or fluids C. Spleen
A. antibodies D. none of above
B. T-Cells 150. What molecule induces fever?
C. natural killer cells A. defensin
D. cytotoxic cells B. collectin
145. Immunity can be C. fibrinogen

A. innate→ conferred genetically D. pyrogen

B. Acquired-Natural-Active or Passive 151. is the use of an organism, or a com-

ponent of an organism or other biological
C. Acquired-Artificial-Active or Passive
system, to make a product or process, such
D. all of the above as vaccines and antibiotics.

146. The term used to describe the mechanism A. Biochemistry

which draws immune cells to the cite of in- B. Bioregeneration
fection: C. Biotechnology
A. interlukin D. Biodiversity
B. cytokine
152. Pathogens which have penetrated the
C. complement protein first line of defence would include:
D. chemotaxis A. Bacteria in the gut of the host.

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 52

B. Viruses adhered to the mucous lining 158. what does HIV do to our immune sys-
of a bronchiole. tem?
C. Bacteria within the host’s bladder. A. It makes our immune system more
D. Viruses within a lymph node stronger
B. It attacks red blood cells
153. B-lymphochytes
A. Actively destroy pathogens C. It attacks our brain to stop working
D. It attacks our Helper T cells and weak-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Secrete antibodies
ens our immune system to the point
C. Act as markers for T-cells to identify
where our body cannot fight pathogens
foreign particles
D. Create new lymph 159. Which type of lymphocyte tells the killer
cells to stop the attack?
154. Which part of the blood is correctly paired
with its function? A. Suppressor T Cell
A. plasma-transports wastes and hor- B. Memory T Cell
mones C. Cytotoxic T Cell
B. red blood cells-fight infection
D. Helper T Cell
C. white blood cells-carry oxygen
D. platelets-produce antibodies 160. are proteins that destroy anti-
gens/pathogens.
155. why is stomach acid considered a barrier
A. antibodies
to foreign objects?
A. spleen B. cells

B. saliva C. viruses
C. skin D. vaccines
D. none of the above
161. is the process of reclaiming raw mate-
156. Pivotal, critical, “director”, “manager”, rials and reusing them to create new prod-
regulator, recruit, interact and attract ucts.
fighters. A. Reducing
A. cytotoxic T-cells B. Repurposing
B. memory cells
C. Recycling
C. suppressor cells
D. Composting
D. helper t-cells
162. Substance recognized by the body as
157. An organism that enters a life form and
“foreign” or non self.
causes disease or sickness is a
A. macrophage A. immunity

B. pathogen B. clone
C. vaccine C. antigen
D. phagocyte D. antibody

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 53

163. become immunocompetent in the thy- 169. What is a function of the second line of
mus and are NOT antibody producing. defence (innate immunity)?

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A. B-lymphocytes A. Fevers and inflammation
B. T-lymphocytes B. Tears and saliva
C. monocytes C. B and T cells
D. mast cells D. Stomach acid

164. This refers to the type of immunity devel- 170. Immune response starts with presen-
oped from exposure to a pathogen: tation of the antigen to the
A. specific (adaptive) immunity A. lymphocytes; b-cells
B. passive acquired immunity B. lymphycytes; helper t-cells
C. nonspecific (innate) immunity C. macrophages; helper t-cells
D. attenuated immunity D. macrophages; b-cells

165. all of the following have a mucous mem- 171. Disease causing organism.
brane except? A. Phagocytes
A. respiratory B. Pathogen
B. urinary C. Pandemic
C. digestive D. none of above
D. teeth
172. Injection of immune serum (antibodies
166. HIV is an example of what kind of trans- are injected)
mission? A. Natural-Active immunity
A. Bloodborne B. Natural-Passive immunity
B. Waterborne C. Artificial-Active immunity
C. Airborne D. Artificial-Passive immunity
D. none of above
173. The resistance to specific pathogens, or
167. Skin, membranes, white blood cells and disease-causing agents is called
more make up this system in the body. A. spleen
A. nervous system B. lymphatic system
B. digestive system C. anitbodies
C. immune system D. immunity
D. reproductive system
174. How many antigen-binding sites does im-
168. What are disease causing organisms? munoglobulin Gamma have?
A. antibodies A. 0
B. pathogens B. 1
C. phagocytes C. 2
D. vaccines D. 3

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 54

175. Which pathogen is most likely to look like C. cytotoxic T cells

a worm or insect? D. suppressor T cells
A. Virus
181. Which type of cells listed below have an-
B. Bacteria tibodies on their cell surface?
C. Fungi A. B cells
D. Protist B. T cells
176. Pathogens cause an infection when they C. dendritic cells

NARAYAN CHANGDER
get inside your body and D. macrophages
A. Cause harm
182. Macrophages and the inflammatory re-
B. Chill sponse is part of what line of defense?
C. Die A. first line
D. none of above B. second line
177. MRSA is a more serious form of Staphy- C. third line
lococcus aureus because it is to many D. fourth line
antibiotics.
183. Treatment for a systemic allergic reaction
A. receptive includes
B. resistant A. epinephrine
C. responsive B. antihistamine
D. reactive C. corticosteroids
178. The resistance to a disease acquired as D. all of the above
a result of exposure to the disease or
184. Inspect antigen, attacks & kills antigen,
agent:
if it is recognized
A. Active Immunity
A. Macrophage
B. Cell-Mediated Immunity
B. T Cells
C. Passive Immunity
C. B Cells
D. Natural Immunity
D. none of above
179. Which microorganism is single-celled and
185. Which of the following populations is
has no nucleus?
most likely to have strong herd immunity
A. Bacteria against a virus?
B. Virus A. A city where 70% of people are vacci-
C. Fungus nated
D. Parasite B. A city where 50% of people are vacci-
nated
180. Which type of T cell lyses cells that have C. A city where 10% of people are vacci-
been infected with viruses? nated
A. inducer T cells D. A city where 95% of people are vacci-
B. helper T cells nated

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 55

186. The antibodies that give immunity to a 191. In order to multiply, most bacteria need
disease can be acquired in the following A. warm and moist conditions
different ways:1-feeding on breast milk2-

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B. cold and dry conditions
infection by disease3-vaccinationWhich
gives active immunity? C. being placed on top shelf of refrigera-
tor
A. 1 and 2 only
D. dry arid conditions
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only 192. Which of the following is NOT a function
of the lymphatic system?
D. 1, 2 and 3 only
A. removes excess fluid from around or-
187. The thymus is the location where be- gans
come immunocompetent B. absorbs/transports fats
A. B-cells C. circulates blood
B. antibodies D. produces white blood cells
C. antigens 193. A viral protein produced by lymphocytes
D. T-Cells in response to a viral infection. This pro-
tein can be active against a number of
188. What do antibiotics cure? viruses
A. bacteria A. cytokines
B. virus B. keratin
C. parasite C. compliment protein
D. fungus D. Interferon

189. What is the FIRST step of how a vaccine 194. Antibiotics destroy
works? A. Bacteria
A. Your body makes antibodies and de- B. Viruses
stroys the invaders C. Parasites
B. You get a shot with weakened invaders D. none of above
in it
195. Chemical defense molecules on tears
C. You don’t get sick the next time those
invaders enter your body A. Lysosome
D. The antibodies stay in your body to “re- B. Lysozyme
member” the invaders C. Enzyme
190. Antibodies via breast milk or placenta, D. Fatty acids
describes (the body is given antibodies 196. Which of the following pathogens are eu-
from mother) karyotic
A. Natural-Active immunity A. Bacteria
B. Natural-Passive immunity B. Virus
C. Artificial-Active immunity C. Protists
D. Artificial-Passive immunity D. none of above

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 56

197. Which of the following is the correct 203. Which of the following is NOT a nonspe-
equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? cific defense?
A. CO2 + light + H2O → O2 + Sugar A. mucus
B. CO2 + sugar + H2O → O2 + light B. sweat
C. O2 + light + H2O → CO2 + Sugar C. antibodies
D. CO2 + O2 + H2O → Light+ Sugar D. tears

198. What pathogen causes the common 204. Which immunity is present at birth and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
cold? passed from the mother to the baby
through milk and the placenta?
A. Virus
A. Artificial Active Immunity
B. Bacteria
B. Natural Active immunity
C. Fungi
C. Natural passive immunity
D. Protista
D. Artificial passive immunity
199. Which food does not have to be cold to
be safe? 205. All of the following are part of our anti-
gen specific defense mechanisms except:
A. ice cream
A. acute inflammation
B. eggs
B. lymphocytes.
C. meat
C. antibody production
D. apple
D. macrophages
200. Which of the following cells are primarily
206. Creates a slightly acidic environment that
targeted by HIV?
discourages pathogen growth.
A. Nerve cells
A. Stomach acid
B. Helper T cells B. Tears
C. Phagocytes C. Mucus
D. Cytotoxic T cells D. Skin oils
201. Cells modify their behavior based on 207. What is the scientific term for spreading
what they encounter through thier a disease?
A. TLRs A. Passing
B. PGNs B. Catching
C. MAMPs C. Transmitting
D. PAMPs D. Giving
202. The process where leukocytes engulf and 208. What do lymphatic vessels have that
digest bacteria is called keep lymph flowing in only one direction?
A. leukocytosis A. one way valves
B. hydrostatic pressure B. peristalsis
C. pathogenolysis C. smooth muscle
D. phagocytosis D. pressure from contraction of the heart

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 57

209. The removal of the predator populations B. antibodies

from an ecosystem would most likely re- C. T Cell receptors
sult in

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D. cytokines
A. a decrease in all the prey populations
B. an increase in all the producer popula- 215. Disease-causing microorganisms are
tions known as

C. a decrease in ecosystem diversity A. pathogens

D. an increase in ecosystem diversity B. microbes

C. bacteria
210. The response to an infection. Causes the
area to redden, swell, and feel warm. D. monocytes

A. Fever 216. A small injected dose of a weak or in-

active microbe that stimulates the produc-
B. Mucus
tion of antibodies is known as a/an
C. Dilation
A. histamine
D. Inflammation
B. interferon
211. T-lymphocytes become immunocompe- C. pathogen
tent in the
D. vaccine
A. bone marrow
217. What is the cause of infectious dis-
B. thymus
eases?
C. spleen
A. Poisonous Air
D. tonsils
B. Evil Spirits
212. A soft tissue inside the bone that pro- C. People from Kasson
duces blood cells
D. Pathogens
A. immune cells
218. This type of immunity is acquired during
B. lymph nodes
one’s lifetime. It is induced by antigens
C. spleen that invade the body.
D. bone marrow A. innate immunity
213. The structure of a lymphatic vessel is B. adaptive immunity
most similar to that of a(n) C. nonspecific immunity
A. Artery D. normal microbiota
B. arteriole 219. Which type of cell “stores” antibody af-
C. vein ter the primary infection resulting in im-
D. capillary mune memory?
A. Macrophage
214. Infected human cells present antigens or
viral proteins on their cell surface through B. Erythrocyte
what? C. NK Cells
A. Major histocompatibility complexes D. B Cells

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 58

220. Toward what area of the body does 225. What are examples of lymphocytes?
lymph flow? A. Lymph nodes
A. brain B. T and B cells
B. feet C. immunoglobins
C. stomach D. none of above
D. heart 226. Swine flu is a disease that can be passed
from one person to another. Because of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
221. What are the two types of immune sys-
this we say it is
tems?
A. infectious
A. Acquired & Adaptive
B. noninfectious
B. Innate & Acquired
C. immune
C. Innate & Autoimmune
D. harmless
D. Red & White Blood Cells
227. Phagocytes that primarily attack bacte-
222. Which of the following pathogens are ria
prokaryotic? A. Phagocytes
A. Bacteria B. Antigen
B. Virus C. Neutrophils
C. Protists D. Antibodies
D. Fungus 228. A living cell that a virus infects is called
a
223. What is the role of antibodies in the im-
A. mast
mune system?
B. host
A. To actively destroy pathogens
C. cast
B. To mark pathogens that need to be de-
stroyed by T-cells D. parasitic cell

C. To safeguard the body against being 229. Skin, mucus, hairs and sebaceous secre-
destroyed by its own immune system tions all contribute to the effectiveness of
which type of nonspecific defense?
D. To bind to B-cells, helping them in their
support of T-cells A. Interferons
B. Complement system
224. Foreign proteins that gain access to the
C. Physical barriers
body through cuts and scrapes, through
the digestive or circulatory systems, or D. Phagocytes
through the urinary and reproductive sys- 230. B Cells can create long term cells that will
tems are called remember antigens on foreign substances
A. mineralocorticoids A. Memory Cells
B. immunoglobulins B. Plasma Cells
C. antigens C. T cells
D. antibodies D. Helper T cells

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1.4 Immunity: Innate and Adaptive 59

231. On the 1st exposure of humoral immunity 236. I am the ‘liquid’ portion of blood.
the antibodies peak in days. A. Erythrocytes

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A. 5-10 days B. Thrombocytes
B. 10-14 days C. Leukocytes
C. 14-16 days D. Plasma
D. 16-20 days 237. Which cells stay around forever?
A. cytotoxic T-cells
232. Immunization, also known as , is the
process by which harmless antigens are in- B. memory cells
troduced into a person’s body to produce C. suppressor cells
active immunity.
D. helper t-cells
A. vaccination
238. What are monocytes, macrophages, lym-
B. antibiotics phocytes?
C. immunity A. They are white blood cells
D. none of above B. They are red blood cells
C. They are neutrophils
233. B-lymphocytes convert to and then
produce or become , which oversee hu- D. none of above
moral immunity. 239. Antigens cause the immune system to
A. plasma cells; t-lymphocytes produce high molecular weight proteins
called immunoglobulins or
B. t-lymphocytes; plasma cells
A. antibodies
C. plasma cells; antibodies
B. mineralcocortiocoids
D. plasma cells; antigens C. antigens
234. What is a possible cost of making land- D. pathogens
fills? 240. What is the body’s first line of defense
A. It can attract unwanted animals against infection?
B. It can leak chemicals into the soil. A. Physical barriers

C. We can’t dig a deep enough pit for all B. White blood cells
the trash. C. Blood plasma
D. It smells bad. Like really bad. D. Red blood cells
241. Which of the following types of
235. Which cells decrease or stop the attack
pathogens are cytotoxic T cells best at
when the battle is won
destroying?
A. cytotoxic T-cells
A. bacteria
B. memory cells B. fungi
C. suppressor cells C. helminths
D. helper t-cells D. viruses

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 1.5 Ontogeny and Physiology of immune system 60

242. The immune response is terminated or de- 247. What are 2 components of adaptive im-
creased by munity?
A. suppressor B cells A. Dendritic and Lymphatic
B. suppressor T cells B. Natural and Monoclonal
C. both of the above C. Humeral and Cell-Mediated
D. none of the above; the immune re-
D. none of above
sponse can only be stimulated, not termi-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
nated 248. A part of the innate immunity. The bod-
243. Which progenitor line gives rise to B ies defensive response caused by micro-
cells? bial infection, physical damage or chemical
agents.
A. Common Myeloid
A. phagocytosis
B. Common Leukocyte
B. edema
C. Common Erythrocyte
D. none of above C. cytotoxicity
D. Inflammation
244. vaccine of weakened pathogen (body rec-
ognizes antigen and makes antibodies) 249. a single-celled organism that lacks a nu-
A. Natural-Active immunity cleus is called
B. Natural-Passive immunity A. a bacteriophage
C. Artificial-Active immunity B. a virus
D. Artificial-Passive immunity C. a protist
245. Together with the lymphoid organs and D. bacteria
tissues, provide the structural basis of the
250. immunity is when the bodies makes
A. Circulatory system its own antibodies.
B. Immune system A. passive
C. Respiratory system B. active
D. Digestive system C. cell mediated
246. Lymphocytes that produce antibodies and D. false
provide humoral immunity, which is par-
251. What shape is a bacteria with bacillus in
ticularly effective against circulating bac-
the name?
terial and viral infections, are called
A. A lymphocytes A. Spiral
B. B lymphocytes B. Rods
C. D lymphocytes C. Sphere
D. T lymphocytes D. None of the Above

1.5 Ontogeny and Physiology of immune system

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 1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 61

1. The activation of helper T cells is likely 5. ) An epitope is

A. when an antigen is displayed by a den- A. part of the interferons that penetrate

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dritic cell. foreign cells.
B. when a cytotoxic T cell releases cy- B. a protein protruding from the surface
tokines. of B cells.

C. when natural killer (NK) cells come in C. two structurally similar antibodies dis-
contact with a tumor cell. solved in the blood plasma
D. that part of an antigen that actually
D. ) in the bone marrow during the self-
binds to an antigen receptor.
tolerance test.
6. B or T cells that show the potential to
2. Secondary immune responses upon a sec- mount a strong immune response against
ond exposure to a pathogen are due to the self antigens undergo apoptosis. This is
activation of called
A. memory cells. A. clonal deletion
B. macrophages. B. clonal selection
C. stem cells. C. secondary immune response

D. B cells. D. immunological memory

7. A patient who can produce antibodies

3. Which of the following cell types is respon- against some bacterial pathogens, but not
sible for the humoral immune response? against viral infections, probably has a dis-
A. B cells order in his
B. neutrophils A. B cells

C. natural killer cells B. plasma cells.

C. t cells
D. macrophages
D. macrophages
4. The receptors on T cells and B cells bind to
8. Antibodies are
A. antibodies. A. carbohydrates.
B. antigens B. amino acids.
C. natural killer cells. C. lipids.
D. immunoglobulins. D. proteins.

1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System

1. SUBSTANCES THAT TARGET SPECIFIC LIV- C. PATHOGEN
ING CELLS D. VACCINE
A. ANTIGEN 2. axill/o means:
B. ANTIBODY A. groin

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 62

B. part of the skeleton 8. Which types of leukocytes kill pathogens

C. arm by ingesting and digesting them?

D. armpit A. phagocytes (macrophages)

B. T-cells
3. Which of the following is NOT an example
of innate or nonspecific immunity? C. dendritic cells

A. mucus D. natural killer cells

9. How can we prevent secondary injury

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. enzymes in tears
from occurring after injury?
C. inflammatory response
A. Ice
D. production of antibodies
B. Heat
4. anaphylactic shock
C. Sleeping
A. a severe allergic reaction to an aller-
D. Increase lymphatic drainage
gen that can result in death
B. disease of the lymph nodes, especially 10. Special lymphatic vessels that absorb fats
enlargement of the lymph nodes and transport them from the digestive
tract to the blood are called
C. tumors of lymph tissue
A. peyer”s patch
D. none of above
B. vili
5. What are the facilitators of the innate im- C. trabeculae
mune response?
D. lacteals
A. Toll-like Receptors
B. Phagocytes 11. Which exchanges materials from blood to
body cells
C. Interferon
A. veins
D. Inflammation
B. arteries
6. Substance, recognized as harmful to the C. capillaries
host, that stimulates formation of antibod-
D. lymphatic vessels
ies in an immunocompetent individual
A. Antigen 12. The abbreviation for laboratory is
B. Antijen A. lab
C. Antigin B. labo
D. Antijin C. lbrtry
D. none of above
7. Which of the following jobs is a good anal-
ogy for the lymphatic system’s relation- 13. thymus
ship to tissue cells? A. an organ important in immunity
A. Manager B. an organ that stores and produces red
B. Driver blood cells and gets rid of bacteria
C. Reporter C. an organ that filters bacteria
D. Garbage collector D. none of above

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 63

14. The liquid part of blood 20. lymphoid tissue

A. plasma A. resembling or pertaining to lymph tis-

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B. water sue
B. proteins that signal cells to start the
C. cytoplasm
immune response
D. collagen
C. fluid placed between the tissue spaces
15. immunology
A. study of the immune system D. none of above
B. study of the nervous system 21. A clear liquid similar to plasma containing
C. study of the cardiovascular system many white cells is called

D. none of above A. lymphocytes

B. platelets
16. Which of the following blood tests is an in-
dicator of the presence of an inflammatory C. lymph
disease? D. none of above
A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 22. Introduction of a radioactive tracer into
B. Culture and sensitivity the lymph channels to determine lymph
flow
C. Hematocrit
A. Lymphsctintography
D. Pro-time
B. Lymphoscintigraphy
17. If you were looking for your body’s leuko-
C. Lymphoscentigraphy
cytes, where would you find them?
D. Lymphoscintography
A. glands
B. bloodstream 23. What has thick walls and bring lymphs to
the thoracic cavity?
C. stomach
A. Lymph nodes
D. lungs
B. Lymph cappilaries
18. Where is the spleen located? C. Lymph vessels
A. right upper quadrant of abdomen D. none of above
B. left lower quadrant of abdomen
24. physical examination, blood culture,
C. left upper quadrant of abdomen biopsy to confirm diagnosis
D. right upper quadrant of abdomen A. Diagnosis of lymphoma
19. Which organelle helps digest unwanted B. diagnosis of lymphedema
materials? C. diagnosis of lymphadenitis
A. lysosome D. none of above
B. ribosome 25. how much blood composition is made up of
C. Rough ER all body tissue?
D. vacuole A. 12%

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 64

B. 10% 31. What do the valves in the lymphatic sys-

C. 8% tem do?

D. 6% A. Keep the lymph moving in either direc-

tion
26. Which blood test examines the shape of
B. Stop the fluid from moving backward
red blood cells?
and keep it moving one way
A. Red blood cell morphology
C. Separate the blood and the lymph

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Red blood cell count
D. There are no valves in the lymphatic
C. Hemoglobin vessels
D. Complete blood count
32. The cell that actually destroys the invading
27. Which of the following blood tests checks antigens
for bacterial growth?
A. Cytotoxic T cell
A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B. Helper T cell
B. Culture and sensitivity
C. Hematocrit C. Suppressor T cell

D. Pro-time D. Memory T cell

28. Prevent blood clot formation 33. This component of blood serves our bodies
A. Anticogulants defense against foreign pathogens.

B. Anticoagulants A. Erythrocytes
C. Anticagulants B. Plasma
D. Anticoagilants C. Leukocytes

29. Why isn’t there a vaccine for the common D. Thrombocytes

cold?
34. The spleen
A. it’s not really a virus
A. acts as a filter by keeping out bacteria
B. it’s caused by an extrememly tiny virus
and viruses

C. many different viruses cause cold B. pumps blood throughout the body
symptoms C. is purple
D. cold vaccines trigger autoimmune re- D. is useless
sponses
35. takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers
30. An immediate allergic reaction that leads
it to the cells elsewhere in the body
to severe respiratory distress or failure is
A. hypersensitivity A. hemoglobin

B. prohylactic B. white blood cells

C. inflammatory response C. red blood cells
D. anaphylaxis D. marker molecules

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 65

36. What is the body’s ability to resist foreign B. Muscles

organisms and toxins that damage tissues C. Spleen
and organs?

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D. Liver
A. Lymphatic System
42. Which is NOT a type of lymphocyte?
B. Immunity
A. A
C. Antitoxins
B. B
D. none of above
C. T
37. released by mast cells during an allergic D. none of above
reaction
43. Which type of anemia results from the ex-
A. histamine cessive loss of erythrocytes?
B. acetylcholine A. Pernicious anemia
C. sodium B. Iron-deficiency anemia
D. none of above C. Hemolytic anemia
38. Which tissue produces lymphocytes and fil- D. Thalassemia
ters out impurities and harmful substances 44. What are medicines, prescribed by a Doc-
from the lymph? tor, that can stop the growth and repro-
A. spleen duction of bacteria?
B. tonsils A. Antibodies
C. thymus B. antibiotics
D. lymph nodes C. toxins
D. vaccines
39. PURPOSE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
A. DESTROY BACTERIA 45. Long-lived lymphocytes are known as:
A. Effector Cells
B. RETURN LOST FLUID TO THE CARDIO-
VAS. SYSTEM B. Memory Cells
C. TRANSPORT WHITE BLOOD CELLS C. Natural Killer Cells
D. FIGHT FOREIGN PROTEINS D. None of These

40. The body’s first line of defense against 46. Cellular immunity involves
pathogens is A. T-cell receptors
A. phagocytes B. antibodies
B. fever C. complement
C. inflammatory response D. none of above
D. skin and mucous membranes 47. -immune
A. immunity; safe
41. Which organ produces white blood cells to
help fight pathogens and destroys dam- B. lymph node
aged or old red blood cells C. spleen
A. Heart D. none of above

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 66

48. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. Why is C. slower; faster
AIDS so deadly?
D. none of above
A. the virus attacks your brain
B. the virus attacks your kidneys 54. smallest but most common antibody

C. the virus attacks your immune T cells A. IgG

D. the virus clogs up lymph nodes B. IgM
C. IgA

NARAYAN CHANGDER
49. What is the most numerous type of phago-
cyte? D. IgE
A. Monocyte
55. What would happen if your lymph nodes
B. Leukocyte stopped working?
C. Neutrophil
A. harmful particles would get into your
D. B Cell bloodstream
50. Cytokines B. lymph would stop flowing throughout
the body
A. stimulate WBC mitosis
C. vessels and capillaries of lymphatic
B. stimulate WBC apoptosis
system would shrink
C. increase capillary permeability
D. blood would turn yellow
D. increase blood flow
56. RBCs live for about?
51. HIV enters cells.
A. CD4+ A. 120 days

B. CD8+ B. 130 days

C. antigen presenting C. 140 days
D. MHC-II D. 150 days

52. Why does immunity from certain viruses 57. the cell fragments that play an important
not last a lifetime? part in forming blood clots
A. Only allergens create lifetime immu- A. platelets
nity.
B. fibrin
B. Viruses change quickly and frequently.
C. lymph
C. Viruses do not create immune re- D. hemoglobin
sponses.
58. The function of the atria is to
D. Allergens mutate frequently.
A. pump blood to the lungs
53. A primary immune response is ; and a
secondary immune response is B. pump blood to the body
A. very important; less important C. receive blood that comes to the heart
B. very rapid; very slow D. deliver oxygen to body tissues

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 67

59. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen 65. What part of the hemoglobin molecule is
poor blood to the lungs responsible for attracting Oxygen?

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A. left atrium A. Calcium
B. right atrium B. Magnesium
C. left ventricle C. Iron
D. right ventricle D. Carbon dioxide
60. Which of the following is the correct order 66. immunity develops under contact with
of the layers of the skin from superficial a pathogenic microorganism
to deep?
A. passive
A. Epidermis, hypodermis, dermis
B. humoral
B. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
C. acquired
C. Hypodermis, epidermis, dermis
D. none of above
D. Hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
67. lymphoma
61. B-cells go through clonal expansion in the
A. tumors of lymph tissue
A. thymus
B. inflammation of the lymph vessels
B. bone marrow
C. hemorrhage from the spleen
C. thoracic duct
D. none of above
D. lymph node
68. BASIC UNIT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
62. Which of these is part of your body’s first
defenses against disease? A. WBC
A. Your skin B. PUS
B. Your antibodies C. RBC
C. Your white blood cells D. LYMPH NODE
D. Your heart 69. What are tonsils?
63. What is systemic inflammation? A. Produce lymphocytes
A. Redness B. Enlarged lymph tissue
B. Infection C. Masses of lymph tissue in the throat
C. Fever D. Lymphatic Organ
D. Headache
70. NATURALLY AQUIRED IMMUNITY FROM
64. IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKING THE FIGHTING A DISEASE ITSELF/ LONGER
JOINTS LASTING
A. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS A. IMMUNE RESPONSE
B. ANAPHYLACTIC ACID B. VACCINE
C. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS C. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
D. IMMUNE RESPONSE D. PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 68

71. PURPOSE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 77. (CELL)/ CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
A. FIGHT FOREIGN PROTEINS A. CELLULAR IMMUNITY
B. CARRY FLUID B. HUMORAL IMMUNITY
C. FILTER BLOOD C. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
D. STIMULATE D. VACCINE

72. The mixture of plasma and blood cells is 78. Plasma appears?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
called: A. thick, very red
A. Packed blood B. thin, almost colorless fluid
B. Serum C. like water
C. Transfusion D. thin blue color
D. Whole blood
79. Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries
73. inflammation of lymph glands, nodes, or A. form tight junctions
both
B. overlap creating micro-valves
A. definition of lymphoma
C. are fenestrated to promot fluid move-
B. definition of lymphedema ment
C. definition of lymphadenitis D. none of above
D. none of above
80. Which of the following cells are red blood
74. NON SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO DAMAGED cells?
BODY TISSUE A. erthryocytes
A. IMMUNITY B. thrombocytes
B. ANTIBODY C. plasma
C. MEMORY CELL D. leukocytes
D. INNATE
81. Cell that slows down the activities of the
75. HIV and AIDS T & B cells after an infection / invasion is
A. caused by a virus that hinders the under control.
body’s ability to fight off infection A. Memory Cells
B. inflammation of the lymph vessels B. Suppressor T Cells
C. resembling or pertaining to lymph tis- C. Plasma Cells
sue D. Helper T Cells
D. none of above
82. Something that works to prevent is called
76. Any disease of the lymph glands
A. lymphangiopathy A. prophylactic
B. lymphangiography B. placebo
C. lymphadenopathy C. medication
D. lymphadenography D. corticosteroids

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 69

83. antibiotic treatment for bacterial infection B. Vaccines have dramatically reduced
A. treatment of lymphoma the number of people who catch them

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B. treatment of lymphedema C. They mutate frequently

C. treatment of lymphadenitis D. They have been completely wiped out

by vaccines
D. none of above
89. A pacemaker adjusts the heart rate to cor-
84. In which type of condition does your im-
respond to the body’s need for
mune system attack your own healthy
cells? A. waste products
A. AIDS B. need for carbon dioxide
B. auto-immune disorder C. disease fighting
C. allergic reaction D. oxygen
D. lymphodema
90. What results when phagocytes die and pile
85. Which of the following conditions is a up at the inflammation site?
blood infection? A. Redness
A. Thalassemia B. Swelling
B. Septicemia C. Pus
C. Leukemia D. Edema
D. Hemophilia
91. The development of blood cells
86. What happens to fluid that leaks from cap-
A. Hematopoesis
illaries?
B. Hematopoiesis
A. becomes fatty tissue
B. replaces dead body cells C. Hematopioesis

C. returns through the lymphatic system D. Hematoposis

D. replaces dead blood cells 92. Which of the following determines skin
tone?
87. Mary received her immunization for
measles, mumps, and rubella. What type A. Epidermis
of immunity to these disease will she re- B. Keratin
ceive?
C. Merkle cells
A. Natural immunity
D. Melanin
B. Passive acquired immunity
C. Natural active immunity 93. As RBCs mature they lose their?
D. Artificial active immunity A. color
B. nuclei
88. What do smallpox and polio have in com-
mon? C. shape
A. They are caused by bacteria D. size

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 70

94. What might you find inside a vaccine? 100. Component of blood that is part of our
A. weakened pathogens immune system and destroys pathogens in
our body
B. brand new antibodies
C. strong leukocytes A. red blood cells

D. harmful viruses B. white blood cells

95. Masses of lymphatic tissue that produce C. platelets

lymphocytes and filter bacteria; and are

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. plasma
located on either side of the back of the
throat.
101. What is the MOST abundant component
A. adenoids of blood?
B. thymus A. Erythrocytes
C. Lymph nodes
B. Plasma
D. tonsils
C. Leukocytes
96. Which tonsils are at the back of the
tongue? D. Thrombocytes
A. lingual
102. Improperly shaped red blood cell condi-
B. palatine tion that can endanger the person that has
C. pharyngeal them is
D. none of above A. thalasemia
97. Red blood cells appear red because: B. sickle cell anemia
A. The size of their nucleus
C. sepsis
B. They contain hemoglobin
D. leukemia
C. They contain bilirubin
D. They transport oxygen 103. Contain granules that stain a pale lilac
color
98. MHC-II is found on
A. Cytotoxic T Cells A. Nutrophils
B. APCs B. Nutrofils
C. NK cells C. Neutrophils
D. Helper T Cells
D. Neutrofils
99. Skin, mucus, hairs and sebaceous secre-
tions all contribute to the effectiveness of 104. B cells are also known as
which type of defense?
A. B lymphocytes
A. Interferons
B. Bad cells
B. Complement system
C. Nonspecific C. Better cells
D. Phagocytes D. Ben cells

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 71

105. immunodeficiency C. tonsils

A. inadequate immune response D. lymph nodes

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B. proteins that can attach to foreign
cells, labeling them for destruction 111. Which immune cell recognizes pathogens
and alerts other cells to go attack?
C. accumulation of fluid in body tissues
due to obstruction of lymphatic structures A. helper T-cells
B. plasma B-cells
D. none of above
C. phagocytes
106. cytokines
D. cytotoxic T-cells
A. proteins that signal cells to start the
immune response 112. A person with AB blood type can receive
B. resembling or pertaining to lymph tis- A. type AB blood only
sue
B. type O blood only
C. an agent that kills cells
D. none of above C. type A, B, AB, or O
D. type A or type B only
107. What kind of pump is needed in order to
move fluid through the lymphatic system?
113. Which system prevents pathogens from
A. Muscle ever entering the body? This structure is
B. Fluid also a part of your natural immunity.
C. Vessel A. integumentary
D. All of the above B. respiratory
108. Microorganisms that are harmful to us C. lymphatic
are called
D. circulatory
A. pathogens
B. antibiotics 114. What is the main carrier of circulating
C. probiotics Oxygen in the entire human body?

D. antigens A. Carbohydrates

109. whats the immune systems role? B. Glucose

A. protect organs C. Hemoglobin

B. to keep germs, bacteria, and viruses D. Leukocytes
out of the body
C. none of the above 115. SAVE/O

D. none of above A. blood

110. Which lymphatic organ filters blood? B. tissue

A. thymus C. cell
B. spleen D. liver

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 72

116. Within this body part, lymph acquires 121. Which structure prevents backflow in the
particles that help the system func- lymphatic vessels?
tion. A. capillary
A. Skeletal B. vein
B. Digestive C. valve
C. Immune D. node
D. Respiratory 122. What type of immunity exists before a

NARAYAN CHANGDER
117. Place the following structures in the or- person is exposed to a pathogen?
der that lymph travels through them:A) A. Adaptive
lymph vessels; B) lymph nodes; C) lymph B. Innate
capillaries
C. Origin
A. C, B, A
D. General Immunity
B. A, B, C
123. Which job is a good analogy for the
C. B, A, C lymphatic system’s relationship to tissue
D. C, A, B cells?
A. manager
118. Lymph tissue found in the walls of the
small intestine; helps destroy bacteria & B. driver
keep it out of the wall of the intestine C. reporter
A. lymph node D. garbage collector
B. peyer’s patches 124. The abbreviation for injection is
C. thymus gland A. in
D. spleen B. inject
119. What causes lymph to move through lym- C. inj
phatic vessels? D. none of above
A. the heart pumps it 125. Cytotoxic T-cells go through in the
B. lymph nodes pump it thymus.
C. valves inside the lymphatic vessels A. negative selection
pump it B. positive selection
D. squeezing of lymphatic vessels during C. positive & negative selection
breathing or muscle movements D. none of above
120. What type of blood is the universal 126. Which is the best analogy for the function
donor? of vessels of the lymphatic system?
A. AB+ A. a pump
B. AB- B. a highway
C. O+ C. a factory
D. O- D. a warehouse

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 73

127. neoplasm affecting lymphoid tissue C. spleen

A. definition of lymphoma D. lymph vessels

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B. definition of lymphedema
133. The fetus receives antibodies from the
C. definition of lymphadenitis mother that last several weeks after birth.
D. none of above This is an example of immunity.
A. Acquired active
128. Red Blood Cells
A. Errithrocytes B. Acquired passive

B. Erythrocytes C. Natural active

C. Errythrocytes D. Natural passive
D. Errythrocites 134. Dissolve blood clots
129. What can you infer from the fact that A. Thrombolytics
blood capillaries can easily leak or absorb
B. Thrombolitycs
fluid?
C. Thrombolitics
A. Capillary walls must contain large
holes D. Thrombolitecs
B. Capillaries are defective vessels
135. The children of T&B cells that will quickly
C. Capillary walls must be very thin identify reinfection by a pathogen that the
D. Cappillaries will eventually disappear immune system has been exposed to be-
as humans evolve fore.
A. Antigens
130. Where does the thoracic duct drain its
lymphatic fluid back into the cardiovascu- B. Memory Cells
lar system? C. B cells
A. Right subclavian vein
D. T Cells
B. Left subclavian vein
C. Vena cava 136. What can mainly be found in the erythro-
cyte?
D. Aorta
A. CO2
131. What type of immune cells secret antibod- B. Blood
ies?
C. Hemoglobin
A. Phagocytes
D. Plasma
B. T Cells
C. Interferon 137. What does blood transport?
D. B Cells A. Nutrients
132. The largest of lymphatic structure is the: B. Oxygen
A. lymph C. Carbon Dioxide
B. lymph nodes D. All of the above

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 74

138. The state when the immune response is 144. pentameter; very efficient in combining
too intense or hypersensitive to an envi- with fungi
ronmental substance is called A. IgG
A. anaphylaxis B. IgM
B. allergen C. IgA
C. allergy
D. IgE
D. antigen

NARAYAN CHANGDER
145. The major cellular components in lymph
139. Vaccines provide us with: are:
A. Naturally acquired active immunity A. white blood cells
B. Naturally acquired passive immunity B. red blood cells
C. Artificially acquired active immunity C. platelets
D. Artificially acquired natural active im- D. protein molecules
munity
146. DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS
140. These cells produce antibodies:
A. ANTIBODY
A. Helper T Cells
B. PATHOGEN
B. Plasma B Cells
C. FEVER
C. Cytotoxic Cells
D. B LYMPHOCYTES
D. Macrophages
147. A pathogen is
141. -edema
A. a sick cell
A. swelling; accumulation of fluid in body
tissues B. an organism that can cause disease
B. spark C. only bacteria cells
C. spleen D. A cell that fights disease
D. none of above 148. abnormal collection of lymph fluid in ex-
142. Antibody concentration is increased in al- tremities, swelling can also extend to the
lergic individuals fingers and toes
A. IgG A. definition of lymphoma
B. IgM B. definition of lymphedema
C. IgA C. definition of lymphadenitis
D. IgE D. none of above

143. Vaccine injections are considered what 149. The antibody class that dominates a pri-
type of adaptive immunity? mary response.
A. Artificial Active Immunity A. IgA
B. Artificial Passive Immunity B. IgE
C. Natural Active Immunity C. IgG
D. Natural Passive Immunity D. IgM

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 75

150. The goal of the lymphatic system is to C. Hematocrit

prevent from entering the general cir-
D. Pro-time
culation.

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A. waste products 156. BASIC UNIT OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
B. nutrients A. PROTEINS
C. oxygen
B. WBC
D. hemoglobin
C. TONSILS
151. RBCs are shaped like a?
D. LYMPH NODE
A. square
B. rectangle 157. Which of the following are considered
“truly life-saving” vaccines?
C. triangle
D. Bioncave disks A. Polio
B. Tetanus
152. This statement describes the function of
antibodies: C. Measles
A. Prevent antigens from binding to- D. All of These
gether
B. Promote phagocytosis 158. Dimer; combines with harmful ingested
or inhaled antigens
C. Inhibit inflammation
D. Prevent breakdown of foreign anti- A. IgG
gens B. IgM
153. immunity is the main defense against C. IgA
bacterial antigens where by antibodies are
produced. D. IgE

A. humoral 159. is a form of treatment that disrupts

B. cell-mediated the blood supply to the tumor.
C. acquired A. Angiogenesis
D. active B. Antiangiogenesis
154. B-cells become immunocompetent in the C. Antineoplastic
A. thymus D. Brachytherapy
B. bone marrow
C. spleen 160. What is considered the “first line of de-
fense” from pathogens?
D. lymph node
A. T Cells
155. Which of the following blood tests mea-
sures how long it takes for a clot to form? B. Phagocytes

A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate C. Skin

B. Culture and sensitivity D. Hair

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 76

161. Which disease is caused by the mutation 167. The antibody class involved in allergies.
& overproduction of your own cells when A. IgA
cell division gets out of control?
B. IgE
A. cancer
C. IgG
B. lymphodema
D. IgM
C. auto-immune disease
168. Helper T cells activate responses of
D. AIDS

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. B cells and Cytotoxic T cells
162. An allergen B. Macrophages and neutrophils
A. is used to recognize cells as friend or C. Basophils and eosinophils
foe
D. APCs and dendritic cells
B. inappropriately activates the immune
system to respond to normal substances 169. A severe allergic reaction may cause
C. causes cancer swelling of the throat, breakouts of hives,
and even unconsciousness or death. What
D. block lymphatic vessels is this called?
163. Which system fights disease? A. asphyxiation
A. excretory B. anesthesia
B. nervous C. anemia
C. immune D. anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
D. digestive 170. What is an important function of the
spleen?
164. Which organ receives immature white
blood cells, then raises them to maturity- A. Storage of blood
and then releases them? B. Resist foreign organisms
A. thymus C. Drainage system to transfer needed
B. heart protein
C. lungs D. none of above
D. brain 171. When you get an infection, your lymph
nodes may
165. What causes blood pressure?
A. Disappear
A. ventricles contract
B. Get smaller
B. rate of blood flow
C. Multiply
C. speed of return of oxygen to lungs
D. Become swollen
D. capillariy strenght
172. Which cells bind to pathogens and inject
166. SPECIFIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASE destructive enzymes?
A. SKIN BARRIER A. phagocytes
B. INFLAMMATORY B. killer T-cells
C. INNATE C. helper T-cells
D. IMMUNITY D. plasma B-cells

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 77

173. Hemoglobin gives what to RBCs? C. natural killer cells

A. shape D. phagocytes

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B. color 179. What “happens” in the lymph nodes?
C. size A. Excess glucose in the lymph is stored
D. none of above in the liver

174. The environmental substance that causes B. Carbon dioxide is removed from the
a reaction is a/an lymph and passed to the lungs for exha-
lation
A. allergy
C. Lymph is oxgenated and pumped
B. pathogen through the body
C. allergen D. Lymph is cleaned of foreign antigens
D. antigen and debris

175. These proteins stick to the surface mark- 180. tonsils

ers on foreign molecules, marking them for A. an organ that filters bacteria
destruction:
B. an organ important in immunity
A. Antibodies
C. an organ that stores and produces red
B. Toll-like receptors blood cells and gets rid of bacteria
C. Antigens
D. none of above
D. Receptors
181. White blood cells
176. immunoglobulin
A. carry carbon dioxide
A. proteins that can attach to foreign
B. increase blood pressure
cells, labeling them for destruction
C. fight disease
B. inflammation of the lymph nodes
D. carry wastes
C. resembling or pertaining to lymph tis-
sue 182. Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid
D. none of above organ?
A. Thymus
177. CELL EATER/ WBC THAT ENGULFS FOR-
EIGN PROTEINS/ CELLS B. Thyroid
A. ANTIGEN C. Spleen
B. PHAGOCYTE D. None of These
C. T LYMPHOCYTES 183. What type of immune cell causes apopto-
D. PUS sis in nonself cells?

178. Which cells release antibodies that dis- A. Neutrophil

able pathogens? B. Natural Killer Cells
A. B-cells C. Interferon
B. T-cells D. Toll-like Receptors

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 78

184. responsible for cell-mediated immunity 190. Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by
A. pathogen low production of platelets in the bone
marrow
B. antigens
A. Thrombocytopinia
C. antibodies
B. Thrombocytopinea
D. T cells
C. Thrombosytopenia
185. You have a cold, but your doctor will not D. Thrombocytopenia

NARAYAN CHANGDER
give you an antibiotic, because:
191. The lymph nodes are in your neck
A. antibiotics do not kill viruses
A. axillary
B. colds are not infectious
B. cervical
C. antibiotics make colds worse
C. thoracic
D. antibiotics provide bacteria with food
D. inguinal
186. Needed substances are carried to the
body cells by 192. Bleeders disease

A. enzymes A. Hemofilia

B. blood B. Hemophila
C. Hemophilia
C. water
D. Hemophelia
D. food
193. swelling, pain, tenderness in the lymph
187. People with type O blood can receive
gland, node, or both
A. type O only
A. signs and symptoms of lymphoma
B. type A, B, AB or O B. signs and symptoms of lymphedema
C. type A or B C. signs and symptoms of lymphadenitis
D. type AB D. none of above
188. Two main organs of the lymphatic sys- 194. Which of the following are embedded in
tem: the wall of the small intestines?
A. Thymus & Pancreas A. thymus
B. Pancreas & Thyroid B. spleen
C. Spleen & Thymus C. tonsils
D. Tonsils & Thyroid D. Peyer’s patches
189. An immune response that involves 195. RBCs develop a specialized iron contain-
macrophages and natural killer cells: ing compound that is?
A. Acquired Passive Immunity A. their color
B. Innate Immunity B. bile
C. Acquired Active Immunity C. hemoglobin
D. Adaptive Immunity D. oxygen

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 79

196. These cells help you respond quickly to 201. allergic reaction
pathogens when you encounter them for a A. when the body is exposed to a foreign
second time:

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substance and the immune system overre-
A. Helper T cells acts and harms the body
B. Memory cells B. proteins that can attach to foreign
cells, labeling them for destruction
C. Phagocytes
C. hemorrhage from the spleen
D. Plasma cells
D. none of above
197. What part of blood is responsible for 202. The right lymphatic and thoracic ducts
fighting infections? pour into the veins.
A. Red Blood Cells A. brachial
B. White Blood Cells B. superior vena cava
C. Platelets C. subclavian
D. Plasma D. jugular

198. spleen 203. Which condition results in thick blood as a

result of having too many red blood cells?
A. an organ that stores and produces red
A. Hemophilia
blood cells and gets rid of bacteria
B. Polycythemia vera
B. an organ important in immunity
C. Hyperlipidemia
C. an organ that filters bacteria
D. Thalassemia
D. none of above
204. What is the role of tonsils?
199. What do lymph and blood have in com- A. Trap and destroy pathogens
mon?
B. Are not part of the lymphatic system
A. They are both part of the lymphatic sys-
tem C. Make red blood cells
D. Never swell when you get an infection
B. They both transport nutrients to cells
throughout the body 205. Macrophages
C. They’re both purified by lymph nodes A. Keep bacteria from replicating
D. They’re composed largely of blood B. Bind to viruses
plasma C. “Eat” foreign cells
200. Which cells attack your own cells that D. Alert killer T cells
have become infected or cancerous?
206. Hypertension is
A. dendritic cells A. low blood pressure
B. natural killer cells B. high blood pressure
C. cytotic T-cells C. build up of fatty tissue
D. plasma B-cells D. Blood transfusion

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 80

207. Lymph nodes swell up when C. Capillary walls must be very thin
A. they are pumping the lymph D. warehouse
B. they are full of bacteria 213. Lymph is
C. they are fully dehydrated A. in blood vessels
D. none of above B. in lymphatic vessels
208. NK cells and Cytotoxic T cells use to C. inside body cells
kill target cells.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. between body cells
A. MHC II
214. If you did not have platelets, what would
B. CD4 not happen
C. Perforin and Granzyme A. carrying oxygen
D. Membrane Attack Complex B. carrying glucose
209. Specialized proteins that function as an- C. blood clotting
tibiodies & fight various foreign bodies D. blood transfusion
that enter the body
A. Immunoglobulins 215. the fluid inside the lymphatic system

B. Memory Cells A. lymph

C. B cells B. platelets

D. T Cells C. fibrin
D. plasma
210. Adaptive immunity exclusively requires
A. macrophages 216. IMMUNITY OBTAINED FROM VACCINE

B. NK cells A. IMMUNE RESPONSE

C. memory cells B. VACCINE

D. complement C. ACTIVE IMMUNITY

D. PASSIVE IMMUNITY
211. If you have immunity to a disease
A. It cannot enter your body 217. what is the function of the integumentary
system?
B. Your body can fight the disease off be-
fore it makes you sick A. protection

C. The disease must mutate as soon as it B. protection, body temperature mainte-

enters your body nance, excretion, stimuli, and vitamin d
production
D. you will be able to recover from the dis-
ease very quickly C. protection, excretion, stimuli
D. none of above
212. Which of these is the best analogy for
the function of the vessels of the lymphatic 218. What does the spleen do?
system? A. white blood cell mitosis
A. Pump B. filter lymph received from afferent
B. Highway ducts

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 81

C. red blood cell maturation 224. Which of the following cells are white
blood cells?
D. T-cell negative selection

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A. erthryocytes
219. The specific defenses of the immune sys- B. thrombocytes
tem
C. plasma
A. issue a specific attach to particular for-
eign substances D. leukocytes

B. are innate defenses 225. thrombin is:

C. include skin and mucous membranes A. clotting substance

D. are the body’s first line of defense B. healing

C. immunity
220. A nonspecific immune response is
D. red
A. inflammatory response
226. The main collecting duct of the lymphatic
B. infection system is the left lymphatic duct, also
C. anaphylaxis known as the

D. hypersensitivity A. jugular trunk

B. thoracic duct
221. myel/o means
C. subclavian artery
A. formation D. trabeculae
B. membrane
227. What are immunoglobins?
C. outer lining
A. antigen
D. bone marrow
B. ready-made antibody
222. Tiny oval shaped size of pinhead to size C. antitoxin
of almond, located alone or grouped D. All of the above
A. tonsils
228. Which term means too few white blood
B. thoracuc duct cells?
C. Lymph nodes A. Leukopenia
D. Lymph vessels B. Hematopoiesis
C. Erythropenia
223. Suppression (shutting down) of humoral
and cellular response when infection re- D. Thrombopoiesis
solves 229. Interstitial fluid is
A. Cytotoxic T cell A. in blood vessels
B. Helper T cell B. in lymphatic vessels
C. Suppressor T cell C. inside body cells
D. Memory T cell D. between body cells

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 82

230. What is the function of red blood cells? 236. What is our first line of defense for our
A. carry oxygen body

B. fight infection A. Nails

C. aid in clotting B. Hair

D. carry hormones C. Skin

D. Teeth
231. What are preparations that contain anti-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
gens (protein) from a patient’s tumor 237. What might happen if your immune sys-
cells? tem lacked memory cells?
A. Vaccines A. Your body wouldn’t be able to fight off
B. Immune Cells diseases
C. T cells B. Diseases would make you sicker than
D. B cells normal
C. You might get the same disease over
232. Cytokines include factors that and over
A. are chemotactic D. Your body couldn’t produce antibidies
B. stimulate RBC production
238. Removed firbinogen a clotting element
C. decrease B cell activity from plasma is called?
D. decrease leukopoiesis
A. b cells
233. Which system includes the lymph, lymph B. t cells
nodes, white blood cells, T and B cells?
C. blood types
A. Excretory
D. serum
B. Digestive
C. Immune 239. If your pulse rate increases, your heart is
beating
D. Nervous
A. slower
234. Exercise is important because it B. faster
A. increases blood pressure
C. at the same rate
B. strengthens heart muscle
D. with less pressure
C. slows heart beat
D. reduces blood sodium 240. tonsillectomy
A. excision (removal) of the tonsils
235. OVERREACTION TO AN ANTIGEN
B. inflammation of the lymph vessels
A. AGGUTINATION
C. an immune response to one own’s
B. ALLERGY body tissue; destruction of one’s own
C. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM cells by the immune system
D. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS D. none of above

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 83

241. Which of the following is a function of the 247. located in the upper, anterior chest also
Lymphatic System? and endocrine gland

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A. Carrying oxygen A. spleen
B. Rehydrating blood B. heart
C. Releasing carbon dioxide C. Thymus gland
D. Carrying messages D. lymph
242. What virus destroys helper T cells result- 248. Where is the SPLEEN?
ing in a suppressed immune system?
A. Surrounding the voice box
A. MIRS
B. Above the heart
B. HIV
C. Adjacent to the stomach
C. AIDS
D. In the arm pit
D. HGTV
249. Visualization of lymphatic channels and
243. The tiny oval shaped lymph structure lo- lymph nodes using a contrast medium to
cated throughout the body are known as? determine blockages of the lymph system
A. Lymph nodes A. Lymphangigraphy
B. Spleen B. Lymphangiography
C. Lymph fluid
C. Lymphanjiography
D. none of above
D. Lymphangiografy
244. What is the Thymus Gland?
250. - Chinese
A. Lymphatic organ located in the upper
A. movement
mediastinum between the lungs
B. Masses of lymph tissues in the throat B. poison

C. Enlarged lymph tissue C. thymus gland

D. none of above D. none of above

245. Structures found all over the body, 251. Transports lymph to all body parts and
that produce lymphocytes & help stop connects the lymphatic system to the car-
pathogens / foreign bodies diovascular system.
A. lymph vessles A. lymph fluid
B. lymph fluid B. lymph nodes
C. lymph nodes C. tonsils
D. lymph D. lymph vessels

246. platelets do what? 252. Which of the following is an APC?

A. gas exchange A. basophil
B. carry o2 B. eosinophil
C. initiate blood clotting C. macrophage
D. carry co2 D. T-cell

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 84

253. What is a difference between lymph and 258. Which term means blood destruction?
blood? A. Hemolytic
A. Lymph has a pump and Blood has no B. Hematolytic
pump
C. Homolytic
B. Lymphs have all blood cells and Blood
has only white blood cells D. Both A and C

C. Lymph has interstitial fluid and blood 259. What structure in the lymphatic system

NARAYAN CHANGDER
has plasma provides mechanical filtration of lymph
fluid?
D. none of above
A. Lymph
254. Lymph is secreted into which vein(s)
B. Lymph nodes
A. R/L Femoral
C. Lymph valves
B. R/L Renal D. LYmph vessels
C. R/L Subclavian
260. Which would most likely prevent a cold
D. R/L vena cava virus from spreading in a classroom?
255. The antibody class that forms pen- A. Using a tissue when blowing your nose
tamers.
A. IgA B. Washing your hands regularly with
soap
B. IgE
C. Shaking hands with others often
C. IgG
D. Students wiping down desks with dry
D. IgM paper towels
256. What is the best way to keep your im- 261. type of immunity provided by vaccines
mune system healthy?
A. passive
A. eat only organic foods
B. active
B. maintain a healthy diet and get plenty
of rest C. clonal selection
D. artificially
C. keep physical contact with other peo-
ple to a minimum 262. Which of the following is involved with
D. wear a surgical mask over your nose the development of T lymphocytes in the
and mouth fetus and infants?
A. adenoids
257. Vaccines stimulate immune responses.
What’s the best synonym for “stimu- B. spleen
late?” C. tonsils
A. Intensify D. thymus
B. Imitate
263. The main structures of the Lymphatic Sys-
C. Prevent tem are
D. Provoke A. Lymph vessels and blood vessels

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 85

B. Lymph glands and lymph cells 269. Closely parallel veins located in almost
C. Lymph nodes and lymph glands all tissues and organs that have blood ves-
sels

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D. Lymph vessels and lymph nodes
A. lymph vessels
264. Which of the following is not an indicator B. Lymph fluid
of inflammation?
C. Lymphocytes
A. redness
D. Thrombocytes
B. heat
C. pain 270. What are antibodies?

D. blueness A. barriers of the specific defence

B. proteins that suppress function of t-
265. Which of these ducts drains the lymph cells
from all parts of the body except the right
side of the chest? C. proteins that recognize foreign sub-
stances and destroy them
A. lumbar duct
D. proteins carried on red blood cells
B. cervical duct
C. thoracic duct 271. Which tonsils are also called the ade-
noids?
D. right lymphatic duct
A. lingual
266. Various forms of cancer of the blood cells B. palatine
is called
C. pharyngeal
A. thalasemia
D. none of above
B. sickle cell anemia
C. sepsis 272. Which of these is NOT a lymphocyte?

D. leukemia A. T-cells
B. B-cells
267. How does the HIV virus attack?
C. natural killer cells
A. it kills the antibodies in your body
D. phagocytes
B. it prevents you from making new anti-
bodies 273. Which happens first in T-cell matura-
C. it prevents your body from remember- tion?
ing the diseases you have already had A. Genetic rearrangement of T-Cell recep-
D. it attacks WBCs so your body can’t tor gene.
fight infection B. Positive selection.

268. Sneaker factories are to sneakers as lym- C. Negative selection.

phoid organs are to: D. Migration to lymph node.
A. Lymphs 274. RBCs total volume in a formed element
B. Bacteria is?
C. Red Blood Cells A. 55%
D. White Blood Cells B. 45%

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 86

C. 65% 280. the abbreviation for level of conscious-

D. 75% ness is
A. LCO
275. autoimmune disease
B. LOC
A. an immune response to one own’s
body tissue; destruction of one’s own C. OCL
cells by the immune system D. none of above
B. proteins that can attach to foreign

NARAYAN CHANGDER
281. Yellowish liquid part of blood
cells, labeling them for destruction
A. plasma
C. accumulation of fluid in body tissues
due to obstruction of lymphatic structures B. platelets

D. none of above C. agglutinogens

D. white blood cells
276. What is the main carrier of Carbon diox-
ide in our blood? 282. Which lymphatic organ filters blood and
A. Plasma removes old red blood cells?

B. Hemoglobin A. thymus

C. Platelets B. spleen
C. tonsils
D. none of the above
D. lymph nodes
277. These are produced by plasma B cells
and designed to mark antigens to be de- 283. PLACE OF RETURN WHERE LYMPH VES-
stroyed SELS CONNECT TO BLOOD VESSELS. ALSO
HOME TO LEUKOCYTES.
A. antigens
A. LYMPH NODE
B. active immunity
B. SPLEEN
C. antibodies
C. HISTAMINE
D. antibiotics
D. PHAGOCYTE
278. Humoral immunity involves
284. Disease caused by a immunodeficiency
A. T-cell receptors
virus that attacks T cell lymphocytes mak-
B. antibodies ing the immune system deficient
C. complement A. AIDS
D. TYCOON B. Lupus

279. The fluid that is pushed out of the capil- C. Tetanus

lary beds and between tissues is what? D. Measles
A. Arterial Blood 285. what is the epidermis layer?
B. Venous Blood A. a thick layer that contains arteries,
C. Lymph veins and, nerves
D. Interstitial Fluid B. a loose connective tissue

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 87

C. outermost layer and covers external 291. type of immunity provided to a baby by
part of the body maternal antibodies
A. passive

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D. none of above
B. active
286. Platelets are also called?
C. clonal selection
A. thrombocytes D. artificially
B. erythrocytes
292. Chemical substance produced by certain
C. leukocytes cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or
D. none of above decreases activity in other cells
A. Sytokine
287. These cells produce signals that activate B. Cytocine
cytotoxic T cell and B cells:
C. Cytokine
A. Helper T Cells
D. Sytokine
B. Plasma Cells
293. Three main organs of the lymph system:
C. Memory Cells A. Thymus, Adrenals & Pancreas
D. Antibodies B. Pancreas, Tonsils & Thyroid
288. The antibody class in breast milk. C. Spleen, Tonsils & Thymus
D. Tonsils, Spleen & Thyroid
A. IgA
B. IgE 294. Liz notices that shortly after cutting her
arm accidentally, the area around the cut
C. IgG is turning red and feeling warm. Which re-
D. IgM sponse is Liz experiencing?
A. Inflammatory response
289. Which tonsils are in the soft palate and
B. Immune response
you can see them when you look in the mir-
ror? C. First line response
D. Third line response
A. lingual
B. palatine 295. any harmful or disease-causing organism
A. pathogen
C. pharyngeal
B. antigens
D. none of above
C. antibodies
290. What causes antibiotic resistance to oc- D. T cells
cur?
296. Lymph nodes
A. taking antibiotics too often
A. can become swollen in response to in-
B. taking other peoples’ antibiotics fections
C. not finishing your antibiotic prescrip- B. are major organs
tion C. Can have fun
D. all of the above D. Are really cool

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 88

297. Interstitial fluid can be found: C. liver

A. Within the lymph vessels D. none of above
B. In between cells
303. poly-
C. In the lymph nodes
A. disease
D. In the veins
B. large
298. What is Natural Immunity
C. many

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Produces immunoglobins
D. before
B. Resistance present at birth
C. Involves B-cells and T-cells 304. What measures blood pressure

D. Antibodies created in the lab A. thermometer

B. sthethoscope
299. What is one major difference between
viruses and bacteria? C. sphygmomanometer
A. viruses can make you sick; bacteria D. blood bank
can’t
305. When blood flows into the right atrium
B. bacteria can be treated with antibi-
from the body, it contains
otics; viruses can’t
A. little oxygen and alot of carbon dioxide
C. viruses can be trapped by mucus; bac-
teria can’t
D. bacteria can cause infections; viruses B. alot of oxygen and little carbon dioxide
can’t
C. alot of oxygen and carbon dioxide
300. Assistance for B cells, cytotoxic T cells,
and other components of the immune sys- D. little of either
tem
306. Vaccines train cells to recognize
A. helper T cells pathogens in the future. Which cells are
B. Cytotoxic T cells we trying to produce with vaccination?
C. suppressor t cells A. memory B-cells
D. Memory T cells B. plasma B-cells
301. Fatigue means: C. cytotoxic T-cells
A. Tired D. helper T-cells
B. Dizzy
307. DEAD BACTERIA USED TO CREATE AN IM-
C. Alert MUNITY
D. To walk A. BACTERIA
302. what is the largest lymphoid organ? B. ANTIBODY
A. spleen C. PATHOGEN
B. thymus D. VACCINE

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 89

308. Which of the following terms means to B. reticular fibers act as a net to catch de-
convert a liquid to a gel or solid? bris

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A. Coagulate C. macrophages live on the fibers
B. Clot D. lymphocytes live within the spaces
C. Hemostasis
314. What is the name of the fluid in Lymph
D. Hematopoiesis Vessels?
309. Which lymphatic system structure in the A. blood
mediastinum helps T lymphocytes ma-
B. plasma
ture?
C. water
A. tonsil
B. thymus D. lymph

C. spleen 315. secreted by B cells in response to an anti-

D. lymph node gen
A. pathogen
310. Clotting factors in plasma that prevent
blood loss from a wound B. antigens
A. white blood cells C. antibodies
B. red blood cells D. T cells
C. hemoglobin
316. (BLOOD)/ ANTIBODY IMMUNITY
D. platelets
A. CELLULAR IMMUNITY
311. Classification of leukoctyes
B. HUMORAL IMMUNITY
A. Granulocytes
C. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
B. Granulocites
D. VACCINE
C. Granucytes
D. Granulcytes 317. When the ventricles contract, blood is
pumped
312. interstitial fluid
A. out of the heart
A. fluid placed between the tissue spaces
B. in the heart

B. process of recording the lymphatic C. in veins

vessels or lymph nodes to detect prob- D. in the septum
lems
C. proteins that signal cells to start the 318. FOREIGN PROTEIN/ STIMULATES IM-
immune response MUNE RESPONSE

D. none of above A. ANTIBODY

B. IMMUNITY
313. Which of the following statements about
lymph node structure is NOT correct? C. PATHOGEN
A. they are microscopic nodules D. ANTIGEN

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 90

319. The antibody class that dominates a sec- 325. All of the following are functions of
ondary response. lymph nodes EXCEPT
A. IgA A. produce red blood cells
B. IgE B. produce lymphocytes
C. IgG C. protect the body by developing immu-
D. IgM nity
320. How can inflammation be a good thing? D. filter lymph

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. it hurts 326. Which prevents blood from flowing back-
B. it prevents the spread of infection ward
C. it looks pretty A. aorta
D. it is pain freee B. valve
321. CLUMPING TOGETHER OF CELLS/ C. septum
PATHOGENS ETC D. cornary artery
A. AGGULATION
B. ALLERGY/ HYPERSENSITIVITIES 327. The mucus in your nose and the acid in
your stomach are both front-line defenses
C. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK against pathogens. Which is another front-
D. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS line defense?
322. What type of cells perform antibody- A. antibodies
mediated immunity? B. leukocytes
A. B Cells C. T-cells
B. T Cells D. skin
C. Phagocytes
D. Protozoa 328. The lymph organ that programs T cells
and functions primarily during childhood
323. These are all examples of mechanical and adolescence is the
mechanisms that prevent entry of microor- A. spleen
ganisms into the body except:
B. thymus
A. tears to wash out eyes
B. skin C. tonsils

C. complement cascade D. appendix

D. saliva in the mouth 329. Which of the following is a term mean-
324. antibiotics compression therapy, surgical ing a substance that causes an allergic re-
intervention depending on cause action?

A. treatment of lymphoma A. Allogen

B. treatment of lymphedema B. Allergen
C. treatment of lymphadenitis C. Allergy
D. none of above D. Allergist

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 91

330. what is the thymus role in the immune 335. Any disease of the lymph nodes
system? A. Lymphadeopathy

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A. gives protection against pathogens, B. Lymphadenopathy
any tumors, and some tissue damage
C. Lymphadenopathe
B. only gives protection against
D. Lymphadinopathy
pathogens
C. gives protection against pathogens 336. Buildup of interstitial fluid that causes
and tissue damage swelling is called:
D. none of above A. an allergic reaction
B. vaccination
331. What do dermal blood vessels do to con-
serve heat? C. hodgkins lymphoma
D. edema
A. Vasodilation
B. Vasoconstriction 337. Which type of anemia is caused by a vi-
tamin B12 deficiency?
C. Shivering
A. Aplastic anemia
D. Vasomotor
B. Hemolytic anemia
332. Blood vessels that carry blood away C. Hypochromic anemia
from the heart are..
D. Pernicious anemia
A. veins
338. Red blood cells are called?
B. arteries
A. erythrocytes
C. capillaries
B. thrombocytes
D. lymphatic vessels
C. leukocytes
333. Chronic, progressive anemia found D. monocytes
mostly in people older than 50 due to lack
of sufficient vitamin B12 339. SYSTEM THAT ATTACKS A SPECIFIC FOR-
EIGN PROTEIN
A. Pernicious Anemia
A. LYMPHATIC
B. Penicous Anemia
B. ADAPTIVE/ SPECIFIC DEFENSE
C. Pernicos Anemia
C. CIRCULATORY
D. Pernicius Anemia
D. INNATE
334. The antibody class that is a membrane 340. DISEASE THAT ATTACKS THESCHWANN
bound receptor in B cells. CELLS
A. IgD A. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
B. IgE B. ALLERGY/ HYPERSENSITIVITIES
C. IgG C. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
D. IgM D. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

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1.6 Lymphatic and Immune System 92

341. radiation and chemotherapy 347. Any form of treatment that alters, en-
A. treatment of lymphoma hances, stimulates, or restores the body’s
natural immune mechanisms
B. treatment of lymphedema
A. Immunotherapy
C. treatment of lymphadenitis
B. Imunotherapy
D. none of above
C. Immunotheripy
342. What is lymph? D. Imunotherape

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. It is the same as blood
348. history and physical exam, CT and MRI
B. is the fluid in the cells scans for confirmation
C. drains into your muscles A. Diagnosis of lymphoma
D. is the fluid collected by the lymphatic B. diagnosis of lymphedema
vessels
C. diagnosis of lymphadenitis
343. The immune system is made up of vari- D. none of above
ous types of leukocytes. Leukocytes are
commonly called 349. The immune system
A. white blood cells A. Prevents germs from harming the
body
B. red blood cells
B. Brings oxygen to your cells
C. glial cells
C. Circulates your blood
D. platelets
D. Allows movement throughout the body
344. biopsy of lymph tissue with Reed Stern-
berg cells present 350. The immunity provided by the T lympho-
cytes, effective against fungi, parasites,
A. Diagnosis of lymphoma
intracellular viral infections, cancer cells,
B. diagnosis of lymphedema and foreign tissue implants, is known as
C. diagnosis of lymphadenitis
D. none of above A. humoral immunity
B. lymphatic immunity
345. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via
C. cellular immunity
A. CD4
D. immunosuppresive immunity
B. CD8
C. ACE2 351. White blood cells are also called
D. IGD A. erythrocytes
B. electrocytes
346. Which organ detects pathogens as they
pass through the throat? C. leukocytes
A. tonsils D. thrombocytes
B. thymus 352. Which of the following is a pathogen?
C. spleen A. Foreign material
D. larynx B. Bacteria

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 1.7 Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs 93

C. Viruses B. inflammation of the lymph nodes

D. All of the above C. enlargement of the spleen

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353. How does a white blood cell destroy an D. none of above
invading germ?
357. What is the main function of antibodies?
A. By changing its chemical composition
B. By changing its genetic structure A. remembering germs that have invaded
your body in the past
C. By pulling it apart
B. creating new WBCs
D. By engulfing it
C. binding themselves to invading anti-
354. Lisa went to the doctor after she noticed gens
a rash every time she ate peanut butter.
She was diagnosed with: D. signaling your immune system that
antigens have invaded your body
A. Autoimmune response
B. anaphylaxis 358. Active Immunity
C. hypersensitivity (an allergy) A. Cytotoxic T cell
D. acquired immunity B. Helper T cell
355. WHOLE BODY IMMUNE RESPONSE THAT C. Suppressor T cell
IS LIFE THREATENING
D. Memory T cell
A. VACCINE
B. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 359. In which type of immunity do the cells
perform phagocytosis to destroy invading
C. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
cells?
D. none of above
A. Adaptive
356. hypersensitivity reaction
B. Innate
A. when the body is exposed to a foreign
C. Origin
substance and the immune system overre-
acts and harms the body D. General Immunity

1.7 Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs

1. The lymph node is shaped C. C B lymphocytes
A. a ovoid D. d both a and b
B. b bean 3. The cortex of the lymph node consists
C. C elliptical A. a macrophages
D. d amoeboid B. b B lymphocytes

2. The para cortex zone richly supplied with C. C dendritic cells

A. a T lymphocytes D. d all the above

B. b dendritic cells 4. Lymph node is tightly packed with

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1.7 Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs 94

A. a lymphocytes C. tonsils
B. b macrophages D. liver
C. C monocytes 10. What is the function of lymph nodes?
D. d both a and b A. carry excess lymph fluid away from tis-
sues
5. Which of the following organ first en-
counter the antigen B. drain lymph back into the circulatory
system

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. a thymus
C. filter foreign particles from the lymph
B. b spleen
D. absorb fat from the gut
C. C lymph node
D. d none of the above 11. The lymph node has zones
A. a 2
6. Why would someone whose spleen has
been removed be more susceptible to dis- B. b 1
ease? C. C 3
A. The body would not have an organ to D. d 4
detect foreign substances
12. What is the function of Tonsils?
B. The body could not mature and develop
A. To prevent germs from getting in your
lymphocytes
mouth
C. The body could not carry lymph from
B. To prevent germs from getting in your
various lymphoid organs to the heart
body
D. none of above
C. To disinfect
7. The peripheral lymphoid organs are D. none of above
A. a tonsils 13. What is the first line of defense in the
B. b adenoids body?
C. C lymph node A. The skin
D. d all the above B. Phagocytes
C. T cells
8. What is the advantage of becoming the
lymph fluid before returning into the blood D. B cells
cirulatory system?
14. What is the main function of the lymphoid
A. Clean from foreign substances system?
B. Remove waste products A. To transport lymph from different
C. Supply oxygen to the system parts of the body to the heart
D. Produces new leucocytes B. To transport nutrients and gases
throughout the body
9. What is the name of the lymphatic tissue C. To carry information to all parts of the
found in the back of the throat? body
A. thymus D. To bring oxygen into the body and re-
B. spleen leases carbon dioxide

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 1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 95

15. Which zone of the lymph node actively se- B. T cells

crete antibodies C. B& T

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A. a cortex D. None of these
B. b medulla
17. There are about lymph nodes are found
C. C para cortex in body
D. d none of the above A. a 100
16. Name the immune cells develop with in B. b 200
bone marrow C. C 50
A. B cells D. d 400

1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs

1. small, rounded masses of lymphatic tissue 5. How does the lymphatic system work to-
located in the pharynx and in the passage gether with the circulatory system?
from the mouth to the pharynx A. Helps fight disease
A. lymph nodes B. Return bacteria to the circulatory stem
B. thymus
C. spleen C. Return fluids to the blood
D. tonsils D. Help filters blood

2. Which pair of tonsils is also known as ade- 6. The protein molecule in red blood cells
noids? that carries oxygen from the lungs to the
A. Lingual tonsil body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide
from the tissues back to the lungs is
B. Palatine tonsil
A. Red blood cells
C. Pharyngeal tonsil
B. Platelets
D. Tonsil
C. Hemoglobin
3. The heart receives oxygen-rich blood from D. Homeostasis
the lungs via the
A. pulmonary vein 7. Which filters lymph, provides immune
surveillance, and produces lymphocytes?
B. pulmonary artery
A. Lymph Node
C. vena cava
B. Thymus
D. aorta
C. Spleen
4. Where does digestion begin? D. none of above
A. Mouth
8. Which of the following is the structural dif-
B. Stomach ference between lymph capillary and blood
C. Small intestine capillary?
D. Large intestine A. Lymph capillary has blind-ended

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 96

B. Lymph capillary is continously 14. How many TISSUES/ORGANS are in the

C. Lymph capillary wall is thick lymphatic system?
A. 6
D. Lymph capillary is green in colour
B. 7
9. Where are all lymphocytes produced? C. 8
A. thymus D. 1
B. bone marrow
15. What name is given to the leucocytes cre-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. tonsils ated in the lymphatic system?
D. spleen A. lymphocytes
B. basophils
10. Which cells form the lining of blood ves-
sels and create a barrier between circulat- C. neutrophils
ing blood and surrounding tissues? D. eosinophils
A. mast cells 16. Which of the following is NOT found in the
B. epithelial cells tissue fluid?
C. monocytes A. Leucocyte
D. endothelial cells B. Erythrocyte
C. Glucose
11. What blood type can accept all of the
following:O-, O+, B-, B+ D. Oxygen

A. B- 17. How is a person’s blood type deter-

mined?
B. B+
A. Marker molecules on red blood cells
C. O-
B. Platelets
D. A+
C. Marker molecules on white blood cells
12. What part of the immune systems is con-
sidered the “lymph filters”? D. Fibrog
A. spleen
18. What is the name of the circulation be-
B. thymus tween the heart and lungs?
C. tonsils A. Diastolic
D. lymph nodes B. Systemic
C. Pulmonary
13. The lymphatic vessel that collects lymph
from the left chest, abdomen and lower D. Coronary
limbs 19. What is the function of the lymph nodes?
A. thymus gland A. production of thrombocytes
B. thoracic duct B. production of erythrocytes
C. right lymphatic duct C. reservoir for blood
D. lymph nodes D. filter lymph & remove impurities

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 97

20. Which tonsils are located at the base of 26. red blood cell
the tongue? A. plasma

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A. Biggest tonsils B. erythrocyte
B. Palatine tonsils C. leukocyte
C. Lingual tonsils D. thrombocyte
D. Pharyngeal tonsils
27. A childhood disease characterized by en-
21. How many proteins make up the compli- largement of the tonsils causing difficulty
ment system? swallowing, fever, and chills is called
A. 12 A. adenitis
B. 15 B. lymphadenitis
C. 18 C. varicella
D. 20 D. tonsillitis

22. Platelets 28. What is the function of blood?

A. help fight disease A. To heal wounds

B. take up oxygen and deliver to cells B. Carry gas, nutrients, and wastes
through the body
C. help form blood clots
C. Carry oxygen from the lungs to the
D. help carries nutrients heart
23. What happens to the thymus after pu- D. Fight off diseases
berty?
29. Dalton is going to the nurse practitioner
A. it gets bigger to receive his immunization for measles,
B. it becomes more active mumps and rubella. What type of immu-
nity to these diseases will he receive?
C. it begins to shrink
A. Artificial acquired immunity
D. it stops working
B. Natural acquired immunity
24. Which of the following is a synonym for C. Natural immunity
the circulatory system?
D. Passive acquired immunity
A. Respiratory System
30. the extracellular fluid that is collected by
B. Endocrine System
the lymphatic vessels and nodes
C. Integumentary System
A. lymph
D. Cardiovascular System
B. thymus
25. Cervical nodes are located ? C. spleen
A. Near the neck D. tonsils
B. In the throat area 31. What insect carries the worm larvae that
C. In the groin causes Filiariasis?
D. In the Arm pits A. Mosquitos

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 98

B. Flies 37. Which of the following blood groups is

C. Humming birds known as the universal donor?
A. A
D. Ticks
B. B
32. The heart has chambers.
C. AB
A. 1 D. O
B. 2
38. What is the main function of platelets?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 3
A. Delivering oxygen to your body’s or-
D. 4 gan’s
33. Which of the following are small open B. Fighting invading germs
ended vessels that act like drain pipes? C. Helping blood clot
A. Lymph D. Preventing your blood from coagulat-
ing
B. Lymphatic capillaries
C. Lymph vessels 39. The type of immunity a person is born
with
D. Lymph nodes
A. Passive acquired
34. White and red blood cells are produced in B. artificial
A. the heart C. natural
B. compact bone D. acquired
C. bone marrow
40. a lymph organ responsible about upgrad-
D. lymph nodes ing the WHITE BLOOD CELLS

35. The dividing wall between the right and A. Lymph

left sides of the heart. B. thymus gland
A. Ventricle C. immunity
B. Atrium D. passive acquired immunity
C. Septum 41. Can receive blood all of the following
D. Aorta types:O-, B-, A-, AB-
A. A-
36. Which is not a main function of the Lym-
B. B-
phatic system?
C. AB+
A. Aid in the absorption of fats
D. AB-
B. Help to maintain fluid balance in the
body 42. What is true about lymphatic capillaries?
C. Return low oxygenated blood to the A. More permeable than blood capillaries
heart
D. Play an integral role in the bodies im- B. Equally permeable to blood capillaries
mune response

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 99

C. Less permeable than blood capillaries 48. How does regular exercise affect the
blood?

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D. Impermeable A. It is thinner so runs around the body
more easily
43. The fluid, originating from the blood capil- B. the blood is able to carry more oxygen
lary, that is formed in the spaces between
the cells is known as:
C. it makes no difference to the blood
A. interstitial fluid
D. none of above
B. blood
49. Which is NOT a type of lymphoid cell?
C. lymph
A. macrophages
D. plasma
B. dentditic
44. What is the function of a valve? C. reticular
A. Helps blood to clot D. thymous
B. Keeps blood flowing in all directions 50. Leslie has a fever and cough. How does
C. Keeps blood flowing in one direction her lymphatic system respond to these
symptoms?
D. Stops blood from flowing
A. Filtration
45. Lymph B. Fluid balance
A. is the same as blood. C. Immunity
B. is fluid in the cells. D. Lymphocyte production
C. drains into your muscles. 51. What is the largest and most effective
D. is fluid collected by the lymphatic sys- physical barrier of the body?
tem. A. Stomach Acid
B. Mucous Membranes
46. This organ reaches its largest size during
puberty then shrinks by involution. C. Cilia

A. thymus D. Skin

B. spleen 52. What are the two types of lymphoma?

C. tonsil A. Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphdema

D. Peter’s patches
B. Hodgkin and Blue lymphoma
47. Which of these is NOT a function of lymph C. Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma
nodes?
D. Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphadeni-
A. filter lymph tis
B. produce red blood cells 53. Which is true about the thymus?
C. house lymphocytes and macrophages A. It makes B cells
D. produce lymphocytes B. It makes T cells

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 100

C. It stops working as you age 59. The lymphatic system is unlike the circula-
D. All of the above are correct tory system because it is a
A. closed system
54. Type A blood has
B. system that contains white blood cells
A. A antigen and B antibodies
B. Type B antigens and Type A antibodies C. simple system
D. one-way system

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. No antigens and A and B antibodies
D. A and B antigens and no antibodies 60. The capillaries, vessels and ducts that re-
turn lymph from tissues to venous tis-
55. What is the protein containing fluid within sues.
the lymphatic vessels?
A. lymphangi/o
A. Platelets
B. lymph/o
B. blood
C. lymphaden/o
C. lymph
D. splen/o
D. Peyer’s Patch
61. Which of the following is a thin watery
56. Storage of blood platelets is done by the fluid, composed of intercellular fluid?
A. Lymph
A. Stomach
B. Lymph capillaries
B. Liver
C. Lymph vessels
C. Spleen
D. Lymph nodes
D. Lymph Nodes
62. The nurse practitioner gives out immuniza-
57. What is chime?
tion shots for measles, mumps and rubella.
A. An animal that can be found in a sci- What type of immunity to these diseases
ence museum. would someone get?
B. What food is called after it has been A. Artificial acquired immunity
digested by the stomach.
B. Natural acquired immunity
C. A chemically active part of the small in-
testines. C. Natural immunity

D. The passage that leads from the small D. Passive acquired immunity
intestine to the large intestine.
63. What part of the lymphatic system stores
58. Makes and releases antibodies platelets?
A. T-Cells A. thymus
B. B-Cells B. spleen
C. Both C. lymph nodes
D. none of above D. thymus gland

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 101

64. Which semi-independent part of the lym- C. supply system

phatic system houses phagocytic cells D. respiratory system

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A. lymphatic vessels
70. Which phrase best describes the structure
B. lymphoid tissues and organs
of lymph capillaries?
C. lymph nodes
A. strong and thick
D. lymphatic glands
B. thin and leaky
65. What is the function of the heart?
C. waterproof and tough
A. Protects organs and produces red
D. solid and sealed
blood cells.
B. Generates heat. 71. What lymph nodes are found in the armpit
C. Breaks down food into nutrients. A. axillary
D. The heart is a pump, which moves the B. cervical
blood. The arteries and veins are the
C. thoracic
pipes where the blood flows.
D. abdominal
66. Which is the largest lymphatic organ that
filters blood the same way that lymph 72. The lymphocytes that kill virus-invaded
nodes filter lymph? and cancerous body cells and are also in-
A. Lymph Node volved in graft rejections are the
B. Thymus A. B cells
C. Spleen B. plasma cells
D. none of above C. memory cells
67. Can receive all blood types D. killer T cells
A. O+ 73. What type of cell is most important for car-
B. O- rying oxygen throughout the body?
C. AB+ A. Red blood cell
D. AB- B. Digestive enzyme
68. Excess tissue fluid picked up by the lym- C. Nerve cell
phatic vessels. D. White blood cell
A. lymph nodes
74. Kaylen noticed difficulty moving, difficulty
B. lymph breathing and stiffening of her skin. She
C. lymph capillaries was diagnosed with which lymphatic dis-
D. lymph collecting vessels order?
A. Lupus erythromatosus
69. The lymphatic system acts as the body’s
B. Lymphadenitis
A. drainage system C. Sceleroderma
B. migration system D. Tonsillitis

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 102

75. The tiny oval shape structures located 81. Which of these is a thin, watery fluid,
throughout the body are known as? which forms when plasma diffuses into tis-
A. Lymph nodes sue spaces?
B. Spleen A. cerebrospinal fluid
C. Lymph fluid B. lymph
D. Thymus glands C. lacteals
76. MALT is located in all of the following lo- D. intracellular fluid

NARAYAN CHANGDER
cations except
A. Peyers patches 82. These are a type of immune system cell
(white blood cell). They phagocytize
B. Axillary nodes
(“eat”) foreign substances and activate T
C. Tonsils cells.
D. Appendix A. Lymphocytes
77. The thymus is a lymphoid organ that di- B. Macrophages
rectly fights antigens.
C. Reticular cells
A. True
D. None of these
B. False
C. Neither above 83. The lymphatic structures that are closely
D. none of above parallel to the veins are called:

78. What is your second line of defense? A. capillaries

A. external body membranes B. lymph
B. cellular & chemical defenses C. lymph nodes
C. immune response D. lymph vessels
D. antibody replication
84. Where is the bicuspid valve located?
79. The following organs are all part of which
body system? Thymus, Tonsils, Spleen A. between right atrium & right ventricle
A. Cardiovascular B. between left atrium & left ventricle
B. Lymphatic C. between left ventricle & aorta
C. Respiratory D. between right ventricle & pulmonary
D. none of above trunk

80. What is in charge of “inviting” infections 85. What is the force exerted by blood on the
to create a wide variety of immune cells inside walls of arteries?
with “memory”?
A. Gravity
A. tonsils
B. thymus B. Heart rate

C. spleen C. Exercise
D. thymus gland D. Blood pressure

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 103

86. What is the name of the fluid inside the 92. When someone takes the blood of another
lymphatic vessels? person, it is called

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A. Plasma A. a retriever
B. Lymph B. a donor
C. Blood C. an infusion
D. Tissue fluid D. a transfusion

87. Stimulates T-Cells and B-Cells 93. White blood cells help the body by
A. T-Cells A. supplying oxygen to cells
B. B-Cells B. fighting infections
C. Both C. removing carbon dioxide from cells
D. none of above D. providing nutrients to cells

88. What is in charge of removing debris, for- 94. Type B blood has
eign matter, bacteria, viruses, & toxins A. A antigen and B antibodies
from the body? B. Type B antigens and Type A antibodies
A. tonsils
B. spleen C. No antigens and A and B antibodies
C. thymus gland D. A and B antigens and no antibodies
D. lymphoid cells 95. The two upper chambers of the heart are
called:
89. Where do lymph vessels enter the circula-
tory system? A. ventricles
A. Under the arms B. atrium
B. under the heart C. valves
C. under the collarbone D. none of above
D. in the groin 96. The heart, blood vessels, and blood are in
which system:
90. A disease that suppresses the body’s im-
mune system is called A. Circulatory
B. Endocrine
A. AIDS
C. Integumentary
B. HIV
D. Sensory
C. ARC
D. CBC 97. A general term for irregular heartbeats
caused by malfunctions of the electrical
91. Blood type A-can receive blood types pacemaking is called an
A. O-, A- A. infarction
B. O+, A+ B. arrhythmia
C. O+, A- C. bradycardia
D. O-, A+ D. vasodilation

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 104

98. a dome shaped sheet of muscle, the , 104. Which of the following carry lymph from
separates the chest from the abdomen tissues?
A. diaphragm A. Lymph
B. epiglottis B. Lymphocytes
C. alveoli
C. Lymph vessels
D. bronchial tubes
D. Lymph nodes
99. Which lymphatic structure drains lymph

NARAYAN CHANGDER
from the right side of the head and right 105. Lymph travels in one direction from the
upper limbs? lymphatic capillaries to the subclavian
A. Coronary veins vein.
B. Lumbar Trunk A. True
C. Thoracic Duct B. False
D. Right lymphatic duct C. I don’t remember
100. What are the upper chambers of the D. none of above
heart?
A. bicuspid and tricuspid 106. Neutralizes antigens of pathogens
B. left atrium and right atrium A. T-Cells
C. left ventricle and right ventricle B. B-Cells
D. bicuspid and mitral C. Both
101. What does blood bring to cells? D. none of above
A. Oxygen and nutrients
107. oval mass of lymphatic tissue that re-
B. Waste products
moves pathogens and dead cells from the
C. Carbon dioxide lymph
D. Chlorophyll A. tonsils
102. Stimulates the other B. lymph node
A. Innate C. thymus
B. Adaptive
D. spleen
C. Both
D. none of above 108. After falling to the floor with breath-
ing problems and severe facial swelling
103. Which of the following serves as a stor- the emergency medical team treated Jason
age for purified lymph before it returns to with:
the bloodstream?
A. Antibiotics
A. Cisterna chyli
B. Tonsils B. Chemotherapy

C. Lymph nodes C. EpiPen

D. Lymphatic vessels D. over the counter meds

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 105

109. Which of the following is an immunity B. A lymphatic heart

“borrowed” from another source and it C. Ropes and pulleys
lasts for a short while?

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D. Motivation
A. Innate
B. Adaptive 115. Which are small round or oval masses
located throughout the body, commonly
C. Active called “glands?”
D. Passive A. lacteals
110. The bottom chambers of the heart are B. lymph nodes
called C. cisterna chyli
A. ventricles D. none of the above
B. atria
116. What happens to lymph nodes when they
C. vena cava fight disease/bacteria?
D. valves A. Shrink
111. The following organs are all part of which B. Enlarge
body system? Heart, Blood, Blood Ves- C. Pump red blood cells
sels
D. Pump lymph fluid
A. Cardiovascular
117. What lymph nodes are found in the
B. Lymphatic
chest?
C. Respiratory
A. thoracic
D. none of above
B. abdominal
112. What transports lymph fluid back to the C. pelvic
circulatory system?
D. cervical
A. Lymph
118. The heart has four chambers called the
B. Lymph Vessels
and the
C. Lymph Nodes
A. Area & Vesicles
D. Lymph Glands
B. Alveoli & Ventricles
113. The following organs are all part of which C. Atria & Ventricles
body system? Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli, D. Ureters & Urethra
Bronchioles, Larynx, Pharynx, Trachea
A. Cardiovascular 119. Which semi-independent part of the lym-
phatic system transports fluids escaped
B. Lymphatic from the vascular system back to the
C. Respiratory blood?
D. none of above A. lymphatic vessels

114. What is one way the lymphatic system B. lymphoid tissues and organs
moves lymph throughout the body? C. lymph nodes
A. Gravity D. lymphatic glands

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 106

120. Red blood cells 125. What suffix means enlarged?

A. help fight disease A. -algia
B. take up oxygen and deliver to cells B. -emia

C. help form blood clots C. -genic

D. -megaly
D. help carries nutrients
126. Lymph nodes in the armpit area are called
121. During this process, the cell engulfs the

NARAYAN CHANGDER
pathogen and destroys it from within the
A. mammary
cell membrane
B. axillary
A. endocytosis
C. inguinal
B. exocytosis
D. peyer’s patch
C. phagocytosis
127. What part of the lymphatic system stores
D. pinocytosis blood platelets?
122. A lymphatic disorder that is thickening A. thymus
or stiffening of the skin, difficulty moving B. spleen
and difficulty breathing C. lymph nodes
A. Tonsillitis D. thymus gland
B. Lymphadenitis 128. Renee went to the Dr. after she noticed
C. Lupus erythematosus a rash every time she ate peanut butter.
She was diagnosed with:
D. Scleroderma
A. acquired immunity
123. Someone who is allergic to bees is stung, B. anaphylaxsis
and experiences facial swelling, headache
C. autoimmune response
and falling blood pressure. What type of
reaction is this? D. hypersensitivity

A. Asthma 129. What does the Larynx hold?

B. Anaphylaxis A. The larynx holds the whole respiratory
system.
C. Lymphyadenitis
B. The larynx holds the trachea.
D. none of above
C. The larynx holds the vocal chords.
124. Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of D. The larynx hold the wind pipe.
the oral cavity that produce lymphocytes
130. Filter lymph, trapping bacteria and
and filter bacteria;they get smaller in size
disease-causing microorganisms in the
as person gets older.
fluid.
A. adenoids A. Lymph Nodes
B. thymus B. Lymphatic System
C. Lymph nodes C. Lymph
D. tonsils D. Platelets

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 107

131. Blood vessels that carry oxygen poor C. Mutagen

blood to the heart are D. Pathogen

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A. veins
137. Releases cytokines
B. arteries
A. T-Cells
C. capillaries
B. B-Cells
D. none of above
C. Both
132. The right lymphatic and thoracic ducts
pour lymph back in to the cardiovascular D. none of above
system via the veins.
138. Which statement best describes the role
A. brachial of lymph in the process of digestion?
B. SVC A. It deposits solid food into the small in-
C. subclavian testine
D. jugular B. It helps break down food in the small
intestine
133. The function of the heart and blood ves-
C. It transports nutrients to the liver
sels that supplies oxygen and nutrients to
the entire body is known as: D. It distributes fatty acids throughout
the body
A. cardiopulmonary circulation
B. pumping mechanisms 139. Lymphoid tissue that appears as swelling
C. systemic ciruclation of the mucosa in the oral cavity is call
a(an)
D. transporation
A. Sore throat
134. Solid part of the blood that contains B. Fractured lymph node
hemoglobin and helps carry out oxygen.
C. Swollen tongue
A. atria
D. Tonsils
B. white blood cells
C. red blood cells 140. Which of the following is considered a
lymphatic system organ?
D. platelets
A. Thyroid gland
135. What lymph nodes are found in the
neck? B. Kidney

A. cervical C. Thymus gland

B. axillary D. Pancreas
C. inguinal 141. These are the lymphatic organs
D. thoracic A. thymus and spleen
136. Any disease-causing agent B. heart and kidneys
A. Carrier C. lungs and thymus
B. Vector D. spleen and pancreas

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 108

142. What are the oval-shaped structures C. Sweat

that store lymphocytes and filter out
D. Inflammation
pathogens?
A. Lymph 148. Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found
B. Lymph Vessels in the wall of the small intestine.
C. Lymph Nodes A. Peyer’s patches
D. Lymph Glands B. Thoracic duct

NARAYAN CHANGDER
143. Congestive heart failure is when C. Lymph nodes
A. the heart swells to be too large to D. Spleen
pump blood
B. the heart is beating irreguarily 149. The fluid from the blood capillary that is
formed in the spaces between the cells is
C. the heart loses blood pressure known
D. the lungs fill with liquid A. interstitial fluid
144. Type O blood has B. blood
A. A antigen and B antibodies C. lymph
B. Type B antigens and Type A antibodies
D. plasma

C. No antigens and A and B antibodies 150. What are the 2 semi-independent parts
D. A and B antigens and no antibodies of the lymphatic system?
A. lymphatic vessels & lymphoid tis-
145. How is the thymus effected by age?
sues/organs
A. The older you get the bigger it gets.
B. lymphatic organs & lymphatic tissues
B. The older you get the smaller it gets.
C. lymphatic tissues & lymphatic cells
C. It gets larger during your early years,
then starts getting smaller as you get D. lymphatic cells & lymphatic organs
older.
D. Age has no effects on age 151. Remembers previous invasions
A. Innate
146. What are surface chemicals on RBC’s
called? B. Adaptive
A. antibodies C. Both
B. antidotes D. none of above
C. antigens
152. What is your first line of defense?
D. antiblood
A. external body membranes
147. All of the following are an example of a
barrier defense except B. cellular & chemical defenses
A. Skin C. immune response
B. Saliva D. antibody replication

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 109

153. Blood type B+ can donate to 159. As he entered college, Joe developed en-
A. B+, AB+ larged lymph nodes that were NOT painful.
He was shocked that he was diagnosed

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B. B-, AB+ with a cancer called:
C. B-, AB-
A. Hodgkin’s disease
D. B+, AB-
B. lupus erythematosus
154. Where are all RED BLOOD CELLS recy-
C. mononucleosis
cled?
A. thymus D. scleroderma
B. bone marrow
160. Arteries, veins, and capillaries are three
C. tonsils types of
D. spleen A. heart valves
155. Which organ stores blood platelets? B. blood vessels
A. Stomach C. cells
B. Spleen
D. veins
C. Lymph Node
D. Thoracic Duct 161. filter out debris from cellular war-
fare.
156. What is the purpose of the valves in the
heart and veins? A. Kidneys
A. To make sure the blood only goes in ar- B. Lymph nodes
teries C. Small intestines
B. To keep the blood clean
D. Antigens
C. To keep blood from flowing backwards
162. You get immunizations before you start
D. To make more blood school. What type of immunity do these
shots provide?
157. PLATELETS ARE CELL FRAGMENTS THAT
A. Artificial acquired immunity
A. HELP YOUR BLOOD CLOT
B. CARRY OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD B. Natural acquired immunity

C. FIGHT INFECTION C. Natural immunity

D. EXCHANGES GASES IN THE LUNGS D. Passive acquired immunity

158. Which lymphatic organ is mass of lym- 163. What is the another name for high blood
phatic tissue located in the center of the pressure?
upper chest?
A. Atherosclerosis
A. Tonsil
B. Thymus B. Hypertension

C. Spleen C. Heart attack

D. Peyer’s patch D. Stroke

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 110

164. lymphatic system A. Helper T-Cells

A. a type of white blood cell B. Cytotoxic T-Cells
B. defense against infection and disease C. Regulatory T-Cells
D. Memory T-Cells
C. circulates blood cells
170. Where are your lymph nodes located?
D. transports nutrients throughout the
body A. Near your tonsils

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Head and neck region
165. What do we call the large lymphatic ves-
sels that drain lymph back into the circula- C. Your feet
tory system? D. Your brain
A. lymph capillaries
171. Lymph flows because it
B. lymph veins
A. quickly, has a strong pump
C. lymph nodes
B. slowly, has a weak pump
D. lymph ducts
C. slowly, does not have a pump
166. THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS AND
D. quickly, has strong vessels
BLOOD MAKE UP WHAT SYSTEM?
A. URINARY 172. Chewing is an example of what kind of
digestion?
B. SKELETAL
A. Dental
C. CIRCULATORY
B. Chemical
D. MUSCULAR
C. Mechanical
167. Proteins that recognize specific harmful
agents and targets them for removal D. Saliva

A. antibodies 173. Bone marrow is important to you lym-

B. immunity phatic system because that is where
are produced.
C. lymph nodes
A. lymphocytes
D. lymphocytes
B. oxygen molecules
168. A sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue with
C. bacteria
protective roles in both the immune and
lymphatic system. D. lymph nodes
A. myel/o 174. after maturing, lymphocytes leave the
B. lymphocyt/o primary organs and go to the secondary
organs , where they meet pathogens
C. splen/o
and become
D. thym/o
A. lymph nodes, activated
169. Which of the following T-Cells is respon- B. lymph nodes, destroyed
sible for recognizing the pathogen and re-
producing to stimulate other T-Cells and B- C. lymph capillaries, activated
Cells. D. lymph capillaries, destroyed

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 111

175. The following are all autoimmune dis- 181. What are the main organs of gas ex-
eases except change in the respiratory system?

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A. Diabetes Type 1 A. diaphragm
B. Diabetes Type 2 B. lungs
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. trachea
D. Multiple Sclerosis
D. bronchi
176. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that have a wall that is 1 cell thick? 182. What is the spleen?
A. Veins A. organ the digests food
B. Arteries
B. organ the helps to fight infection
C. Cappillaries
C. helps to fight bad guys
D. none of above
D. helps the blood flow through the body
177. Lymphadenitis is a disease that is caused
by- 183. What do we call the bean-shaped struc-
A. Overeating tures that are scattered around the body
as part of the lymphatic system?
B. Swelling of lymph vessels
C. Leaking fluid A. lymph capillaries

D. Swelling of lymph nodes B. tonsils

178. The circulatory system carries & C. spleen

to cells. D. lymph nodes
A. nutrients and oxygen
184. Which is NOT a function of the circulatory
B. waste and carbon dioxide
system?
C. stomach acid and blood
A. deliver O2 and nutrients to cells
D. none of above
B. remove CO2 and wastes from cells
179. What is Lymph?
C. break down carbohydrates into glu-
A. Blood
cose
B. Cerumen
D. transport other materials through
C. A type of smoothie body
D. Blood plasma
185. What is the leaked fluid that carries the
180. What lymph nodes are found in the stom- waste called?
ach area?
A. Lymph
A. abdominal
B. pelvic B. Blood

C. thoracic C. Plasma
D. cervical D. Humor

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 112

186. How does the lymphatic system aid the 191. What body parts can be affected by lym-
immune system? phedema?
A. by cleansing lymph A. Arms
B. by checking for invaders and foreign B. Legs
substances C. Both
C. by activating and producing lympho- D. None of these
cytes

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. all of these 192. Which of the following are the blood ves-
sels that helps blood flow to the cells?
187. Removal of old or defective blood cells A. Veins
from the blood is done by the
B. Arteries
A. Stomach
C. Cappillaries
B. Liver
D. none of above
C. Spleen
193. What part of the lymphatic system re-
D. Lymph Nodes moves pathogens and dead cells from the
lymph?
188. Beth recently recovered from a viral ill-
ness, She will not have this illness again A. Bone marrow
because she has: B. Thymus
A. Natural acquired immunity C. Lymph nodes
B. WBC production D. White blood cells
C. Innate immunity
194. A type of white blood cell that is made in
D. none of above the thymus, the spleen, or the bone mar-
row.
189. Where are lymphatic vessels NOT lo-
cated? A. thymus

A. Paired lumbar B. red blood cell

C. lymphocyte
B. Paired bronchomediastinal
D. lymph node
C. single intestinal
D. single jugular 195. A condition of localized fluid retention
and tissue swelling in the lymphatic ves-
190. Name 4 organs/tissues of the lymphatic sels is known as
system. A. lymphadenitis
A. Thymus, spleen, heart, lymph nodes B. lymphadenopathy
B. Lymphatic vessels, thymus, bone mar- C. lymphangioma
row, tonsils
D. lymphedema
C. Bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic tis-
sue, lungs 196. Sickle Cell Anemia is a
D. Thymus, blood, spleen, lymph nodes A. a blood infection

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 113

B. a shape problem with the Red Blood 202. Which is not an organ of the Lymphatic
Cell system?

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C. To many blood cells A. Spleen
D. To few blood cells B. Thymus
C. Tonsils
197. What is the relationship of the arms to
the body? D. Liver
A. distal 203. Specifically targets the bad cells
B. lateral A. Innate
C. medial B. Adaptive
D. proximal C. Both
D. none of above
198. The vessels with thick elastic walls made
of smooth muscle tissue. 204. Which of the following is true about the
A. arteries lymphatic system?
B. veins A. Lymph flows towards the heart

C. capillaries B. Lymph flows away from the heart

D. heart C. Lymph is mostly made of plasma

D. Lymph is only found in lymph nodes
199. What is the main function of arteries?
205. Which of the following are the blood ves-
A. It controls your brain and your thought
sels that have the thickest walls?
process.
A. Veins
B. They carry oxygen-poor blood BACK to
the heart. B. Arteries
C. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY C. Cappillaries
from the heart. D. none of above
D. none of above 206. The lymphatic vessel that collects lymph
from the left chest, abdomen and lower
200. the largest lymphatic organ in the body,
limbs is called the:
which stores and produces lymphocytes
A. lymph nodes
A. lymph node
B. right lymphatic duct
B. thymus
C. thoracic duct
C. spleen
D. thymus gland
D. tonsils
207. Which of the following is a nutrient
201. The treatment for anaphylaxic shock is needed by the body?
A. chemotherapy A. oxygen
B. radiation B. Living Space
C. antibiotics C. Homeostasis
D. EpiPen D. Fat

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 114

208. The fluid that leaves the blood capillary C. pulmonary

and is found in the spaces between the D. aortic
cells is known as
A. interstitial fluid 214. Which are all part of the lymphatic Sys-
tem?
B. blood
A. Thymus, spleen, Tonsils, and Lym-
C. lymph phatic Tissue
D. plasma B. Lymphatic Tissue, Tonsils

NARAYAN CHANGDER
209. is an inflammation of the tonsils that C. blood vessels, tonsils, lymphatic tis-
occurs when the cells of tonsils become in- sue
fected. D. Thymus, spleen, blood vessels, lungs,
A. Tonsilittis tonsils, and lymphatic tissue
B. Flu 215. What do lymph nodes house?
C. Lymphoma A. Yellow Blood Cells
D. Lymphatic B. Red Blood Cells
210. Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by a C. Blue Blood Cells
A. Parasite Infection D. White Blood Cells
B. Bacteria 216. Which of the following blood groups is
C. Virus known as the universal acceptor?

D. Physical Injury A. A
B. B
211. Which of the following are small masses
of lymphatic tissue found through the ilium C. AB
region of the small intestine? D. O
A. Tonsils 217. After running, Johnny experienced irreg-
B. Thymus ularities in his heart rate. This was an in-
dication that the heart rate was altered.
C. Spleen
What is the medical term for this condi-
D. Peyer’s patch tion?
212. is part of the immune system, and A. arrythmia
it helps destroy microorganisms that enter B. arteriosclerosis
the body.
C. heart failure
A. Lymphatic System
D. murmur
B. Circulatory System
218. The body’s ability to resist bacterial inva-
C. Coronary System
sion and disease.
D. Digestive System A. Immunity
213. Bicuspid valve is also called B. Passive acquired immunity
A. tricuspid C. natural immunity
B. mitral D. artificial acquired immunity

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 115

219. What do platelets do? B. carbon

A. Carry Oxygen C. electrons

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B. Fight Pathogens D. oxygen
C. Clot blood when you get a cut
225. What lymph nodes are found by your hips
D. They are the fluid portion of blood or reproductive organs?
220. A weakening of an artery wall can lead A. pelvic
to a(n) B. abdominal
A. aneurism C. cervical
B. blood clot D. thoracic
C. higher blood pressure
226. Which line of defense has memory that
D. lower blood pressure recognizes and mounts an enhanced attack
on previously encountered pathogens?
221. the lymph vessels connect to the circula-
tory system via the A. 1st
A. vena cava B. 2nd
B. aorta C. 3rd
C. pulmonary veins D. 4th
D. pulmonary arteries 227. Whats the main function of the lymphatic
222. How is the body organized from simplest system?
to most complex? A. removes extra fluid from tissues and
A. cell-tissue-organ-organ system- returns it to the blood stream
organism B. cleans the body
B. cell-tissue-organism-organ-organ sys- C. takes fluid from capillaries
tem D. none of above
C. organ-organ system-cell-tissue-
organism 228. The are found in the neck, groin, and
armpits.
D. organism-tissue-cell-organ-organ sys-
tem A. spleens
B. lymph nodes
223. Also known as a heart attack.
C. thymuses
A. myocardial ischemia
D. lymphatic vessels
B. myocardial infarction
C. sinus bradycardia 229. Which of these cells can identify
pathogens in the body
D. sinus tachycardia
A. B-cells
224. In a myocardial infarction, the my-
ocardium dies after a certain time because B. T-cells
it has insufficient C. skin cells
A. protein D. nerve cells

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 116

230. The set of lymphoid tissues located in mu- C. Spleen

cous membranes throughout the body D. none of above
A. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT) 236. Which is NOT a sign of inflammatory re-
sponse?
B. Lymphocytes
A. redness
C. Bone marrow
B. swelling
D. Lymphatic vessels

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. heat
231. The largest lymphatic structure is the
D. hindered mobility
A. thymus
B. lymph node 237. What is the name of the problem that
causes a fatty build up in the walls of
C. spleen blood vessels?
D. tonsils
A. Atherosclerosis
232. Which of the following is the function of B. Heart failure
the circulatory system?
C. Angina
A. To transport oxygen to the lungs
D. Stroke
B. To carry blood containing oxygen and
nutrients to the cells and eliminate waste 238. Which is nit a part of the digestive tract
from cells associated with the lymphatic tissue.
C. To pump the lungs A. Palatine tonsils
D. To give energy to the body B. Lingual tonsils
233. Atherosclerosis is caused by C. Peyer’s Patch
A. a buildup of fat in the arteries D. Stomach
B. a buildup of protein in the arteries 239. What is the aorta?
C. a buildup of calcium in the arteries A. the large vein leading back to the heart
D. a buildup of sodium in the arteries

234. THE TYPE OF BLOOD VESSELS THAT RE- B. the large artery leading away from the
TURNS BLOOD TO THE HEART heart

A. ARTERY C. A chamber of the heart

B. VEIN D. The artery leading from the heart to

the lungs
C. CAPILLARIES
D. none of above 240. Where is your blood made?
A. In the heart
235. Which is also a gland that produces a hor-
mone to stimulate T Cell maturation? B. In your bones
A. Lymph Node C. In your blood vessels
B. Thymus D. none of above

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 117

241. ANTIGENS on RBC for blood type B 246. Which of the following is NOT a disorder
of the Lymphatic System?
A. A
A. Atherosclerosis

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B. B
B. Lymphoma
C. AB
C. Lymphodema
D. O
D. Bubonic Plaque
242. How does the lymphatic system help 247. What is a ring of lymphatic tissue around
maintain homeostasis? the entrance to the pharynx?
A. regulates the body’s temperature A. tonsils
B. provides cells with oxygen and nutri- B. lymph nodes
ents C. thymus glands
C. cleans tissue fluid and returns it to the D. peyer’s patches
circulatory system
248. Tears from the lacrimal gland and saliva
D. release hormones that control body contain an enzyme that destroys bacteria;
functions this enzyme is
243. Which of the following is true of lym- A. lysozyme
phatic vessels? B. chyle
A. There are only two lymphatic vessels C. monokines
in the body. D. lysosomes
B. They have thick, muscular walls. 249. Produces lymphocytes
C. They are located in organs and mus- A. lymphocyt/o
cles that have capillary beds.
B. thym/o
D. Lymph flows along with blood through C. lymphagi/o
the same blood vessels.
D. tonsill/o
244. Which is NOT a function of the cardovas- 250. Which of the following are the blood ves-
cular system sels that have valves?
A. transporting disease fighting cells A. Veins
B. carrying oxygen, glucose and other B. Arteries
materials to cellls C. Cappillaries
C. carrying wastes D. none of above
D. controlling processes by chemicals 251. A blood cell that is characterized as being
ameboid, granular, or agranular is called
245. Where does lymph come from?
a(n):
A. Leaked blood plasma A. eryhrocyte
B. Special lymph-producing ducts B. leukocyte
C. Glands in your elbow C. plasma
D. Apples D. thrombocyte

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 118

252. Lymph enters the bloodstream from the C. d, a, c, b

collecting ducts at the: D. c, d, b, a
A. Aorta
258. What gas is a waste product carried by
B. Hepatic Veins
the blood?
C. Pulmonary Veins
A. Oxygen (O2)
D. Subclavian Veins
B. nutrients

NARAYAN CHANGDER
253. What takes in cell debris, pathogens, and C. Water (H2O)
cancer cells?
D. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A. spleen
B. thymus 259. Following a transient ischemic attack, di-
agnostic studies showed that the patient
C. lymphatic vessels had a bulging vessel in the brain that had
D. peyer’s patches leaked. The patients diagnosis was:

254. The term for swelling of the lymph nodes A. aneurysm

A. lymph B. coronary artery disease
B. lymphadenitis C. peripheral vascular disease
C. varicella D. varicose veins
D. adenitis 260. The body is attacked by a foreign invader.
It has antigens on its surface that
255. Waste materials are prepared for elimi-
nation from the body in the A. alert the body to a non-self invader
A. Rectum B. alert the body to a self cell
B. Anus C. destroy it once it is inside the cell
C. Small Intestine D. help the invader multiply rapidly
D. Large Intestine
261. Why erythrocyte, platelets and protein
256. What lymph nodes are found in the plasma cannot be found in the interstitial
groin? fluid and lymph?
A. inguinal A. The size are too big
B. supratrochlear B. It can change the shape
C. pelvic C. It is too small
D. cervical D. Red in colour

257. In which order does lymph flow through 262. What is known as the blood reservoir?
the lymphatic system? a. lymph nodes b.
A. Tonsils
lymph capillaries c. right lymphatic duct /
thoracic duct d. subclavian vein B. Spleen
A. a, b, c, d C. Blood cells
B. b, a, c, d D. Thymus

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 119

263. What is the circulation between your 269. Which of the following is NOT a disorder
heart and lungs called? of the Cardiovascular System?

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A. Respiration A. Atherosclerosis
B. Systemic circulation B. Hypertension
C. Pulmonary circulation C. Asthma
D. Blood pressure D. Stroke

264. white blood cell 270. Lymph vessels

A. plasma A. transport blood
B. erythrocyte B. transport lymph
C. leukocyte C. transport water
D. thrombocyte D. transport nutrients

265. Lymph consists of water, glucose, and 271. Lymphatic tissue found in the walls of the
small intestine that destroy bacteria and
A. Red blood cells prevent it from infecting and penetrating
the walls of the intestine are known as
B. White blood cells
A. Peyer’s patches
C. Plasma
B. chyme
D. Bacteria
C. chyle
266. What is the percentage of lymph that is D. interstitial fluid
formed in the lymph capillary?
A. 5% 272. Tissue Fluid that contains water and dis-
solved substances
B. 10%
A. Lymph Nodes
C. 25%
B. Lymph
D. 55%
C. Plasma
267. Sac-like mass, located in the LUQ D. Anemia
A. spleen
273. The is a small organ intimately asso-
B. panacreas ciated with the lymphatic vessels.
C. liver A. Lymph Nodes
D. gallbladder B. Spleen
268. Muscular organ of the cardiovascular sys- C. Peyer’s Patch
tem that pumps blood to the body through D. Brain
blood vessels.
A. Lungs 274. When the body’s immune system fails to
protect itself against foreign material, and
B. Aorta instead, the antibodies formed irritate cer-
C. Heart tain body cells.
D. Muscle A. Hypersensitivity

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 120

B. anaphylaxis B. release hormones that control body

C. Autoimmune response functions

D. acquired immunity C. transport oxygen and nutrients to cells

in the body
275. Joe is a high school student. He went D. regulates the body’s temperature
to the doctor complaining of fatigue. The
physician found enlarged lymph nodes in 280. The rH factor determines what part of
his neck and increased leukocytes (white the blood type?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
blood cells). He diagnosed Joe with: A. + or-
A. HIV/AIDS B. the number of antigens
B. lupus erythematosus C. the number of antibodies
C. mononucleosis D. aggulation
D. scleroderma 281. the main gland of the lymphatic system,
276. Turns off the immune system which produces mature T lymphocytes that
are ready to fight infection
A. T-Cells
A. lymph node
B. B-Cells
B. thymus
C. Both
C. spleen
D. none of above
D. tonsils
277. How does our immune system gain ac-
282. Which is NOT part of the lymphatic sys-
quired immunity?
tem?
A. T-cells always attack viruses A. lymph nodes
B. Antibodies are made to recognize anti- B. thymus
gens on pathogens
C. spleen
C. Antigens are made to recognize anti-
bodies on pathogens D. alveoli

D. Our body remembers the pathogens 283. What part of the lymphatic system filters
foreign material from blood and destroys
278. *Type of cancer of the lymph old red blood cells?
nodes*Symptoms include swelling of the
A. spleen
lymph nodes*Most common in the axilla
of young adults (15-30) B. lymph nodes
A. Hodgkins C. thymus
B. Mononucleosis D. lymphatic vessels
C. Lymphadenitis 284. Interstitial fluid is collected by
D. Lymphedema A. Blood capillaries
279. Which activity is a function of the lym- B. Lymphatic capillaries
phatic system? C. Nerve cells
A. fight infections D. The thymus

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 121

285. Place the following in order:A) food en- 290. Of the two collecting ducts in your lym-
ters your large intestine; B) Food enters phatic system, which one drains more
your small intestine; C) Food enters your lymph?

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esophagus. A. left lymphatic duct
A. A, B, C B. right cervical duct
B. C, B, A C. thoracic duct
C. C, A, B D. right lymphatic duct
D. B, A, C 291. White blood cells
286. What do Peyer’s Patches do? A. help fight disease
A. Generates “memory” lymphocytes for B. take up oxygen and deliver to cells
long term memory C. help form blood clots
B. “lymph filters” D. helps carries nutrients
C. causes T cells to become immunocom- 292. This type of cell recognizes a foreign body
petent and eats it and displays it to the other
D. “invite” infection which creates wide cells
variety of immune cells A. Macrophage

287. What is a protein that functions specifi- B. T Cells

cally as an antibody? C. B Cells
A. Immunoglobulin D. none of above
B. HIV 293. Which of the following is the biggest lym-
C. allergen phatic organ?

D. penicillin A. Tonsils
B. Spleen
288. A person with type B blood can donate
C. Thymus
blood to people with which type(s) of
blood? D. Peyers patch
A. B, AB 294. a collection of organs whose primary
B. A, AB function is to collect extracellular fluid and
return it to the blood
C. AB only
A. lymphatic system
D. All types
B. lymph
289. Upper, anterior thorax, above the heart C. lymph node
also considered an endorcrine gland D. thymus
A. Lymph
295. Which of the following helps form
B. thymus gland scabs?
C. immunity A. Red Blood cells
D. passive acquired immunity B. White blood cells

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 122

C. Platelets C. natural acquired immunity

D. Plasma D. WBC production

296. Lymphatic vessels transport lymph to- 301. If you were looking for the Lymph capil-
wards the- laries, you’d most likely find them in the
A. Heart
B. Brain A. Digestive system
B. CNS

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Feet
D. Lungs C. Bones and teeth
D. bone marrow
297. What causes T cells to become immuno-
competent by secretion of thymosin & thy- 302. Can receive all of the following blood
mopoietin types:O-, O+, A-, A+
A. spleen A. O+
B. lymph nodes B. O-
C. lymphatic vessels C. A+
D. thymus D. A-
298. What are lymph vessels? 303. What are blood capillaries permeable
A. Act as “drains” to collect excess tissue to?
fluid and return it to the venous blood just A. Gases
before it returns to the heart.
B. Lymph
B. fluid that contains in the heart
C. Organs
C. fluid that contains in our abdomen
D. Cats
area
D. Blood vessels that collect excess fluid 304. Fight bacteria and viruses by entering in-
fected tissue, destroying bacteria/viruses
299. North Carolina has strict immunization re- and absorb dead blood cells
quirements for students to attend public
A. White Blood Cells
schools. What benefits do vaccinations
provide? B. Red Blood Cells
A. Artificial active immunity C. Platelets
B. Natural immunity D. Plasma
C. Lymphocyte production 305. if the extra fluid (not reabsorbed into the
D. Sterilization capillaries) is left in the tissues, it would
cause
300. Evelyn recently recovered from a viral ill-
ness. She will NOT have this illness again A. blisters
because she has: B. swelling
A. artificial active immunity C. bruises
B. innate immunity D. none of above

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 123

306. What do lymph capillaries absorb? 312. Which part of blood is mainly responsible
A. Blood for carrying oxygen to body cells?

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B. Dead cells A. White blood cells
B. Red blood cells
C. Pathogens
C. Platelets
D. Lymph
D. Capillaries
307. Storage of Iron is done by the
313. What is the name of the problem that
A. Stomach happens when the heart cannot pump
B. Liver enough blood for the body’s needs?
C. Spleen A. Atherosclerosis
D. Lymph Nodes B. Heart failure
C. Heart attack
308. Chemicals released by sensitized T lym-
phocytes to keep us healthy are known as D. Stroke

314. How is carbon dioxide released from the

A. antigens body?
B. macrophages A. When we exhale
C. memory cells B. When we urinate
D. lymphokines C. When we sweat

309. What two systems work together with D. When we inhale

the lymphatic system? 315. Artificial resistance to a particular infec-
A. Circulatory and Digestive tion by artifical means
B. Lymphatic and Digestive A. Immunization
C. Nervous and Skeletal B. artificial acquired immunity
D. Cardiovascular and Immune C. natural acquired immunity
D. natural immunity
310. Which of the following is NOT a disorder
of the Respiratory System? 316. What is the function of the lymphatic sys-
A. Asthma tem?

B. Pneumonia A. to collect excess fluid and return it to

the blood
C. Emphysema
B. help the body fight pathogens
D. Hypertension
C. all of the above
311. Antibodies in plasma for blood type B D. none of above
A. Anti A
317. What are the two main organs of the
B. Anti B lymph system?
C. Anti O A. Thymus & Pancreas
D. None B. Spleen & Thymus

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 124

C. Pancreas & Thyroid 323. How many lines of defense are there?
D. Tonsils & Tyroid A. 1
B. 2
318. Red blood cells are produced in the
C. 3
A. pancreas
D. 4
B. Heart
C. Muscles 324. The thymus is most active during

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. fetal development
D. Bone marrow
B. childhood
319. How might the lymphatic system respond
C. middle age
to maintain homeostasis in the body?
D. old age
A. By running around with its head cut off
325. Which body system does your cardiovas-
B. By deactivating lymphocytes to not at- cular system work with to oxygenate the
tack foreign invaders blood?
A. Muscular
C. By ensuring fat levels are normal in the
body B. Skeletal
D. none of above C. Lymphatic
D. Respiratory
320. Carry blood away from heart; mostly
oxygen-rich 326. What is the main function of the thy-
A. Arteries mus?
A. To make food for the body
B. Veins
B. Filter blood cells
C. Capillaries
C. Fight bacteria
D. none of above
D. Produce T-cells
321. Which of the following words means sur-
gical removal of the appendix? 327. How does the lymphatic system aid the
cardiovascular system?
A. appedicitis
A. returning fluid to blood maintains
B. appendectomy blood pressure and volume
C. lobectomy B. checking for invaders helps prevent in-
D. hepatitis fections
C. producing lymphocytes helps maintain
322. These are a type of immune system cell the system
(white blood cell). They are the main
warriors of the immune system by doing D. none of these
things like attacking foreign substances. 328. Axillary nodes are located ?
A. Lymphocytes A. Near the neck
B. Macrophages B. In the throat area
C. Reticular cells C. In the groin
D. None of these D. In the Arm pits

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 125

329. Types of blood vessels: C. epiphysis

A. arteries, veins, bronchioles D. periosteum

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B. arteries, veins, neurons
335. What causes lymph to flow through the
C. arteries, veins, capillaries lymphatic vessels?
D. arteries, veins, aorta A. contraction of cardiac muscle
330. Which lymphatic tissue destroys and re- B. contraction of smooth muscle
moves old red blood cells?
C. contraction of skeletal muscle
A. thymus
D. all of the above
B. spleen
C. tonsils 336. Small, round or oval masses that filter
the lymph and remove toxins, wastes, and
D. lymph nodes other harmful substances.
331. is a type of cancer where there is A. lymphocyte
an uncontrolled production of white blood
B. lymph nodes
cells.
C. thymus
A. Tonsilittis
B. Flu D. bone marrow

C. Lymphoma 337. A viral condition, symptoms are fatigue,

D. Lymphatic enlarged lymph nodes in neck and in-
creased leukocytes.
332. Blood flows from right atrium to right
A. HIV/AIDS
ventricle through which valve?
B. lupus erythematosus
A. semilunar valve
B. tricuspid valve C. Mononucleosis

C. bicuspid valve D. scleroderma

D. pulmonary valve 338. Modifies certain white blood cells so they
function better in defense of the body
333. Shortly after getting stung by a bee, Lisa
falls to the floor with breathing problems A. thymus
and severe facial swelling. What emer- B. spleen
gency treatment does Lisa need?
C. lymph nodes
A. Antibotics
D. bone marrow
B. Chemo
C. Epipen 339. What is the interstitial fluid?
D. none of above A. fluid that surrounds lymph nodes
334. The shaft of the long bone is the: B. fluid that surrounds body cells
A. diaphysis C. fluid that surrounds lymphocytes
B. enodsteum D. fluid that surrounds monocytes

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 126

340. What are the distinct masses in the C. Tonsils

throat called that are lymphatic tissue? D. Teeth
A. Tonsils
346. Where is the Thymus gland located?
B. Spleen
A. Left hypochondriac region, inferior to
C. Thymus
the diaphragm
D. none of above
B. The anterior neck between inferior thy-
341. What is the name of the problem that roid and fourth intercostal

NARAYAN CHANGDER
happens when brain cells are starved of C. Underneath the sternum between the
oxygen and die? lungs
A. Atherosclerosis D. none of above
B. Heart failure
347. Which are the blood vessels that carry
C. Heart attack blood to the heart?
D. Stroke
A. Veins
342. Which term means that which produces B. Arteries
fibers?
C. Capillaries
A. Fibrogenic
D. Lymph nodes
B. Fibrinogen
C. Fibrinolysis 348. I am the ‘liquid’ portion of the lymphatic
system. The fluid that removes cellular
D. Fibrotic waste products, pathogens and dead blood
343. Masses of lymphatic tissue that produce cells.
lymphocytes and filter bacteria, and found A. Erythrocytes
in the throat B. Thrombocytes
A. adenoids
C. Leukocytes
B. thymus
D. Lymph
C. Lymph nodes
349. The structural difference between lym-
D. tonsils
phatic capillary and blood capillary:
344. Recovery from a viral illness and not hav- A. Lymph capillary is close-ended
ing this illness again is because of
B. Lymph capillary is continous
A. artifical active immunity
C. Lymph capillary is thicker
B. Innate imunity
D. Lymph capillary is green in color
C. WBC production
D. Natural acquired immunity 350. What is Lymphoma?
A. A cancer in lymophocytes
345. What are lymphatic tissue in the nasal
cavity and at the back of the mouth? B. An increase in white blood cells
A. Tennis C. A donkey
B. Toes D. Inflammation of lymph nodes

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 127

351. Which of the following are popularly B. Electrical impulses

called lymph glands?
C. Hormones

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A. Lymphatic capillaries
D. Neurons
B. Lymphatic vessels
C. Lymph nodes 357. Kills good and bad cells
D. Lymph A. Innate
352. Place in order that lymph travels through B. Adaptive
them:A. lymph vesselsB. lymph nodesC. C. Both
lymph capillaries
D. none of above
A. C B A
B. A B C 358. The lymphatic system is closely related to
C. B A C which system?
D. C A B A. Integumentary System

353. Only recognizes good and bad cells B. Cardiovascular System

A. Innate C. Respiratory System
B. Adaptive D. Reproductive System
C. Both
359. Defense against infection and disease
D. none of above
A. lymphatic system
354. What are immune cells?
B. lymph nodes
A. Produced by the skeletal system and
transported by the circulatory system C. red blood cells
B. a small, round or oval mass that filters D. none of the above
the lymp[h
360. Which lymphatic duct receives lymph
C. an organ the modifies white blood cells
from the right side of head, neck, right arm
& right chest?
D. proteins that mark harmful organisms
A. thoracic duct
355. Cytokines do all of the following except
B. right thoracic duct

A. enhance phagocytosis C. right lymphatic duct

B. stimulate fever D. right thoracic vessel

C. stimulate lymphocytosis
361. Has HIV but no symptoms
D. increase antibody production
A. Asymptomatic Infection
356. starts in the heart and causes the B. ARC
heart muscle to contract and the heart to
beat C. AIDS
A. Enzymes D. none of above

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 128

362. Sarah has a fever and cough. How does C. splen/o

her lymphatic syste4m respond to these D. myel/o
symptoms?
A. filtration 368. Cannot improve
B. fluid balance A. Innate
C. immunity B. Adaptive
D. lymphocyte production C. Both

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above
363. What type of immune cells attack and de-
stroy foreign cells? 369. What is your third line of defense?
A. B Cells A. external body membranes
B. T Cells B. cellular & chemical defenses
C. Antigens C. immune response-antigens
D. Helper B Cells D. antibody replication
364. a flap of tissue that closes when we eat 370. There are main functions of the lym-
so food doesn’t not go down the trachea phatic system.
A. larynx A. two
B. pharynx B. three
C. trachea C. four
D. epiglottis D. five
365. Which of the following is a synonym for 371. Causes clumping of antigens
the lymphatic system?
A. T-Cells
A. Endocrine System
B. B-Cells
B. Circulatory System
C. Both
C. Respiratory System
D. none of above
D. Immune System
372. What type of muscle do you find in the
366. Which body system does your respira- heart?
tory system work with to move the di-
A. smooth muscle
aphragm for breathing?
A. Muscular B. Skeletal muscle

B. Integumentary C. cardiac muscle

C. Skeletal D. none of above

D. Cardiovascular 373. Specialized proteins that fight disease:

367. The fluid that removes cellular waste A. Antigens

products, pathogens and dead blood cells. B. Antibodies
A. lymphangi/o C. B-Cells
B. lymph/o D. T-Cells

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1.8 Lymphatic Tissues and Organs 129

374. A swollen lymph node might be an indica- C. stomach

tor of D. none of above

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A. digestive issues
380. What are tiny blood vessels that allow an
B. infection exchange between blood and cells in other
C. hormone disease tissue?
D. cardiac arrest A. Arteries
375. An immune response that does not in- B. Veins
volve antibodies but rather involves the C. Capillaries
activation of macrophages and natural D. Carrots
killer cells:
A. Acquired Passive Immunity 381. What is edema?
B. Natural Immunity A. Another name for plasma
C. Acquired Active Immunity B. Fluid that accumulates in the tissues
D. Cell-Mediated Immunity C. Antigens found on the surface of RBCs

376. In what year was the cure for lupus dis-

D. Fluid that accumulates in your lymph
covered?
nodes
A. 1934
382. What lymph nodes are found on the in-
B. 1668
side of the elbow?
C. 2015
A. supratrochlear
D. There is no cure
B. axillary
377. What is hyperemia? C. abdominal
A. lack of blood flow D. inguinal
B. blood clot
383. Masses of lymphatic tissue that produce
C. congestion of blood lymphocytes and filter bacteria;they get
D. redirection of bloodbflow for an inflam- smaller in size as person gets older.
matory response A. adenoids
378. Martha has a butterfly rash on her face. B. thymus
This is a classic sign of which lymphatic dis- C. Lymph nodes
order?
D. tonsils
A. Hodgkin’s disease
B. Mononucleosis 384. Which of the following is an external
stimulus that can cause a response in a hu-
C. Lymphadenitis man?
D. Lupus erythematosus A. Bacteria in your lungs
379. Your right ventricle pushes blood to the: B. Family history of an illness
A. body C. Genetics
B. lungs D. Smoking

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 1.9 Macrophages 130

385. Mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of 386. What is the name of the problem that
the throat at the back of the tongue causes the heart muscle cells to die?
A. Tonsil A. Atherosclerosis
B. Spleen B. Heart failure
C. Lymph Node C. Heart attack
D. Skin D. Stroke

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.9 Macrophages
1. Which is the third step in phagocytosis? 6. Select all examples of physical barriers
A. Chemotaxis A. skin, mucus, tears
B. Engulfment B. skin, mucus, earwax
C. Phagosyme-lysosome fusion C. skin, tears, earwax
D. Destruction D. stomach acid, music, earwax
2. What is step four in phagocytosis? 7. What is the first step in phagocytosis?
A. Chemotaxis A. Engulfment
B. Engulfment B. Chemotaxis
C. Phagosyme-lysosome fusion C. Challenge of B-Lympohcytes
D. Destruction D. Antibody production
3. Which is step five in phagocytosis? 8. Which of the following is an inflammatory
A. Chemotaxis mediator?
B. Release A. Lysozyme
C. Phagosyme-lysosome fusion B. Saliva
D. Destruction C. Histamine
D. Immunoglobulin
4. What is an example of non-specific im-
mune system response 9. Which of the following is NOT an innate
A. skin immunity internal defense?
B. T lymphocytes A. Inflammatory response
C. Phagocytosis B. Antimicrobial proteins
D. Antibodies C. Mucus membranes
D. Phagocytic cells
5. ‘Engulfment’ during phagocytosis is
called? 10. What is the second step in phatocytosis?
A. Endocytosis A. Chemotasis
B. Exocytosis B. Engulfment
C. Phagocyte engulfment C. Phagosyme-lysome fusion
D. Phagocytosis absorption D. Destruction

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 1.10 Granulocyte and Agranulocyte 131

11. Which of the following cell types of the B. Neutrophils

innate immune system does not perform
phagocytosis? C. Macrophages

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A. Basophils D. Eosinophils

1.10 Granulocyte and Agranulocyte

1. Clinical name for white blood cell C. Thrombocyte
A. Leukocyte D. Monocyte
B. Erythrocyte 7. First on scene, phagocytic
C. Monocyte A. basophil
D. Lymphocyte B. Eosinophil
2. Allergic reactions, releases histamine C. Monocyte
A. Neutrophil D. Neutrophil
B. Basophil
8. Agranulocyte-Large phagocytic cell that
C. Eosinophils has left vessels
D. Monocyte A. Monocyte
3. Clinical name for red blood cell B. Macrophage
A. Leukocyte C. Lymphocyte
B. Erythrocyte D. Basophil
C. Thrombocyte 9. Responds to parasites or helminths
D. Monocyte A. Eosinophils
4. Aids in clotting blood B. Neutrophils
A. Erythrocyte C. Basophil
B. Leukocyte D. Lymphocytelut
C. Thrombocyte 10. Largest white blood cell, phagocytic
D. Monocyte A. Neutrophil
5. B or T cell B. Eosinophil
A. Lymphocyte C. Lymphocyte
B. Neutrophil D. Monocyte
C. Monocyte 11. Transports oxygen
D. Eosinophil A. Erythrocyte
6. Clinical name for platelets B. Leukocyte
A. Erythrocytes C. Lymphocyte
B. Leukocyte D. Thrombocyte

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 1.11 T and B lymphocytes 132

1.11 T and B lymphocytes

1. how many different antibody can B cell B. located in T cell .
produce? C. located in the teeth.
A. 19, 200, 000 D. located in some activated b cell .
B. 12, 234, 000
3. why did we call the helper T cell?
C. 19.200, 000

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. because its help us to move .
D. 12, 900, 000
B. because it activates antibody secre-
2. where did the B cell located? tion in B cell .

A. are located in all lymphatic tissues and C. because we could say helper .
can be thought of as antibody factories . D. all of the above .

1.12 lymphocyte subpopulation in humans

1. Which one of the following enzyme re- B. MHC II
leased during CTLs C. MHC III
A. Lipase
D. MHC IV
B. Protease
5. T lymphocyte matured in
C. Granzymes
A. Bone marrow
D. Amylase
B. Tonsils
2. Match the vocabulary word with the
C. Thymus
proper definition. Lymphocyte that ma-
tures in the thymus. D. Liver
A. B cell 6. Chemicals on the surfaces of pathogens,
B. T cell which are recognsied as foreign by the
C. Lymph body.

D. Antibody A. antibodies
B. antibiotics
3. Immune system recognises which part of a
pathogen? C. antigens
A. active site D. none of above
B. antibiotc 7. Which of the following is an example of
C. antibody natural passive immunity?
D. antigen A. getting the flu virus
B. vaccination
4. Which one of the following MHCs involved
in CTLs in cancer immunology C. breast feeding
A. MHC I D. antibody serum injection

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1.12 lymphocyte subpopulation in humans 133

8. A lymphocyte that identifies pathogens They may mature in either bone marrow
and distinguishes one from another: or the thymus gland.

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A. T-cell A. I only
B. B-cell B. I and II only
C. A-cell C. II and III only
D. Z-cell D. I, II and III

9. Which of the following is not a sign of in- 14. What is the function of B cell
flammation? A. Proliferate plasma cell and memory B
A. vasoconstriction cell

B. vasodilation B. Release antibodies

C. pain C. Secrete interleukin-2

D. Produce interleukin-1
D. swelling
15. Binding of T-cells and cancer cells occurs
10. Immunity in which antibodies are given to
through
a person rather than produced within the
person’s own body like with a baby and A. RBC
mother. B. WBC
A. Passive Immunity C. CD8/TCR complex
B. Active Immunity D. MHC
C. Vaccination 16. Cytotoxic T-cells, also known as
D. Inflammatory response A. CD8+ T-cells
11. CD8+ T-cells are a type of B. CD2+ T-cells
A. Red blood cells C. CD4+ T-cells
B. White blood cells D. CD3+ T-cells
C. Plasma 17. Lymphocytes have what on their surface?
D. Serum A. antigens

12. What is the purpose secreting interleukin- B. antibodies

2 C. memory cells
A. To activate B cell D. none of above
B. To activate Plasma cell 18. A white blood cell that destroys pathogens
C. To activate Helper T cell by engulfing them and breaking them
down is called:
D. To activate
A. B-cell
13. Which of the following statements about B. Phagocyte
lymphocytes are TRUE?I. They are pro-
duced in the bone marrow.II. They origi- C. Antibody
nate from the liver of developing foetusIII. D. Antigen

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1.12 lymphocyte subpopulation in humans 134

19. All of the followings are lymphoid organs 24. Match the vocabulary word with the
except for proper definition.The fluids that leaks out
of capillaries into spaces between cells.
A. Spleen
A. B cell
B. Thymus
B. T cell
C. Pancreas
C. Lymph
D. Bone marrow
D. Antibody

NARAYAN CHANGDER
20. Any organism that causes disease like a 25. A poison produced by bacteria that dam-
virus or bacteria is called: ages cells:
A. Antibiotics A. Antibiotic
B. Antibody B. Vaccine
C. Pathogen C. Antigen

D. Phagocyte D. Toxins
26. is the process in which cells engulf and
21. White blood cells that distinguishes be- break down pathogens and debris.
tween each kind of pathogen is called:
A. Phagosome
A. Lymphocyte
B. Complement fixation
B. Phagocyte C. Neutralization
C. Antibodies D. Phagocytosis
D. Antigen 27. Interleukin-1 is secreted by
22. Part of the body’s defense against A. Helper T cell
pathogens in which cells of the immune B. Killer cell
system react to each kind of pathogen
C. B cell
with a defense targeted specifically at that
pathogen is called: D. Antigen Presenting Cell

A. Protective Barrier 28. Which cell does NOT phagocytise?

B. Inflammatory Response A. Neutrophil

C. Immune Response B. Lymphocyte

C. Monocyte
D. Stomach acid
D. Macrophage
23. The process by which harmless antigens
29. What is the name of white blood cells that
are introduced into a person’s body to pro-
have molecules on their surface to fit an
duce active immunity is called:
antigen?
A. Vaccination
A. memory cells
B. Immunity B. lymphocytes
C. Passive Immunity C. red blood cells
D. Protective Barrier D. fighter white blood cells

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1.12 lymphocyte subpopulation in humans 135

30. A molecule that the immune system recog- 31. Immunity that occurs when a person’s own
nizes either as part of the body or as com- immune system produces antibodies in re-
ing from outside the body: sponse to the presence of a pathogen like

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with a vaccination.
A. Antigen
A. Passive Immunity
B. Antibodies
B. Active Immunity
C. Antibiotics C. Inflammatory Response
D. Antipaths D. Protective barrier like your skin

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 2. ANTIGENS

NARAYAN CHANGDER
2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity
1. Very low doses of antigen may induce C. CLASS I ASSOCIATED INVARIANT
A. hypersensitivity CHAIN PEPTIDE

B. immunological ignorance D. COMMON INVARIANT CHAIN PEPTIDE

C. low zone tolerance 5. Immunoglobulin G has further subclasses
D. low zone immunity into
A. IgG1 & IgG2
2. IgG is
B. IgG1, IgG2 & IgG3
A. dimer
C. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 & IgG4
B. monomer
D. Igg1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 & IgG5
C. tetramer
D. pentamer 6. IgM is
A. Monomer
3. What is antibodies?
B. Dimer
A. antibodies is what white blood cells
produce C. Trimer
B. antibodies is the main part of the im- D. Pentamer
mune system
7. choose the correct statement
C. both answers are correct
A. All cells express class I MHC molecule
D. none of above

4. CLIP IS B. exogenous antigens are processed by

A. CLASS II ASSOCIATED INVARIANT endocytic pathway
CHAIN PEPTIDE C. class III MHC genes encode mem-
B. CLASS III ASSOCIATED INVARIANT brane bound proteins
CHAIN PEPTIDE D. MHC molecules are lipoproteins

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2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity 137

8. What does Ig stands for? 14. Heavy chain and light chain in an antibody
A. Immunoglobins joint by

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A. phosphate di ester bonds
B. Immunoglobulins
B. Disulfide bonds
C. Immunogoblins
C. peptide bond
D. none of above
D. none of above
9. the first line of defense against pathogens-
15. Antigen is also called as
such as the skin and mucous membranes of
the throat and gut. A. Immunogen
A. Innate Immunity B. Immunegen

B. Adaptive Immunity C. Both

D. none of above
C. Repressive Immunity
D. Basic immunity 16. Secretary IgA is a
A. monomer
10. Which of these are not eukaryotes?
B. dimer
A. Arthropods and fungi
C. trimer
B. Viroids and oomycetes D. pentamer
C. Worms and virsues
17. Which of these could be an antigen in a hu-
D. Prions and bacteria man cell?
11. Major immunoglobulin in serum is A. Flagella attached to the cell membrane

A. IgG
B. Secreted toxins
B. IgM
C. A cell wall that surrounds the cell
C. IgA
D. Glycoproteins on the plasma mem-
D. IgE brane

12. B cells differentiate into memory and 18. A virus vaccine that can activate cytotoxic
cells. T cells must contain
A. Effector A. a high dose of virus particles
B. Affector B. an adjuvant to stimulate T cell division

C. Both
C. live virus
D. none of above
D. virus peptides
13. Types of immunoglobulins are 19. Antibody structure is commonly
A. IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE and IgD A. Z shaped
B. IgA and IgM only B. Y shaped
C. IgD and IgG only C. W shaped
D. IgA only D. T shaped

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2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity 138

20. Immunoglobulin A present in 26. this function as the most potent immuno-
A. two types gen,

B. three types A. Proteins

C. five types B. Polysaccharides.
D. four types C. Carbohydrates

21. IgA is also a D. Lipids

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. monomer 27. Known as the “Antigenic Determinant”.
B. dimer
A. Haptens
C. trimer
B. Carrier
D. tetramer
C. Epitope
22. A and B antigen is an example of what D. Adjuvants
type of antigen?
A. Autoantigens 28. A molecule that can be covalently linked to
B. Alloantigens a non-immunogenic antigen to make it an
immunogen is called
C. Heteroantigens
A. adjuvant
D. Homoantigens
B. carrier
23. Which of these are cellular?
C. hapten
A. Viruses
D. mitogen
B. Viroids
C. Bacteria 29. Which of the following is incorrect with re-
D. Prions gard to antigen epitopes?
A. An epitope may be shared by two dif-
24. CD antigens ferent antigens
A. allow leukocytes to recognize antigen
B. protein molecule usually contains mul-
B. are each expressed on only one cell tiple epitopes
type
C. B cells bind only processed antigen epi-
C. are expressed on immune cells to topes
mark them for separation
D. Epitopes may be linear or assembled
D. function as receptors for cytokine and
CAMs 30. HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 is an example
of what MHC/ Major Histocompatibility
25. To be the best immunogen, it should weigh
Complex?

A. 10, 000 daltons A. Class I

B. 1, 000 daltons B. Class II

C. 100 daltons C. Class III
D. 10, 000 daltons D. Class IV

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2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity 139

31. The immune system in a person with an C. IgD

autoimmune disease will recognise and re- D. IgG
spond to

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A. Self antigens 37. The immune system in a healthy person
can recognise
B. Non-self antigens
A. Self antigens
C. Self and non-self antigens
B. Non-self antigens
D. none of above
C. Self and non-self antigens
32. Which of the following categories should
be considered for foreigness of an immuno- D. none of above
gen?
38. what is the pathogen?
A. Structure
A. any thing make you ill
B. Taxonomy
B. any thing make you will
C. Shape
C. any thing make antigen destroy
D. Weight
D. all the answers are correct
33. Destroy infected cells & alert more if
needed. 39. The cells involved in the immune system
that travel around in the blood are called?
A. B Cell
A. Erythrocytes
B. T Cell
B. Thrombocytes
C. Mast Cell
C. Leukocytes
D. Antibodies
D. none of above
34. Lymphocytes are activated by antigen in
the 40. Antibodies are made up of
A. blood stream A. Proteins
B. bone marrow B. Carbohydrates
C. liver C. Fats
D. lymph nodes D. none of above
35. are present on Antigens. 41. Foreign antigens presented on class I MHC
A. Paratope molecules
B. Epitope A. stimulate other immune system cells
C. Antitope to respond to the antigen.

D. none of above B. stimulate macrophages to respond to

the antigen.
36. Antibody which can pass through placenta C. stimulate cell destruction by
from mother to foetus is macrophages.
A. IgE D. stimulate cell destruction by activated
B. IgM T-cells.

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2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity 140

42. Which of the following DOES NOT play a 48. Cross presentation of exogenous antigens
role in antigen presentation is done by as it has great advantage
A. MHC Class I molecule for the host.

B. MHC Class II molecule A. B Cells

C. MHC Class III molecule B. Dendritic Cells

C. T cells
D. None of the above
D. NK cells

NARAYAN CHANGDER
43. Antibodies divided into
49. Which of these are non-cellular?
A. two class
A. Viroids
B. five class
B. Fungi
C. ten class
C. Bacteria
D. three class
D. Arthropods
44. Which of the following immunogens are
somewhat less potent? 50. A pathogen can be a (n)

A. Proteins A. agent that causes a disease

B. Glycolipids B. virus
C. bacteria
C. Carbohydrates
D. All of these
D. Glycoproteins
51. what will happen with the antibodies after
45. it is the ability a substance to induce ei-
the antigens are gone?
ther humoral or cell-mediated immune re-
sponse A. they will disappear from the body
A. Immunogenicity B. they will stay in the body
B. Antigenicity C. they will destroy the body
C. Allerogenicity D. non-from above
D. Tolerogenicity 52. Which proteins are on the surface of cells
and present self and non-self antigens to
46. Antibodies are also called as T lymphocytes?
A. Immunoglobulins A. Antibodies
B. Immunglobins B. Enzymes
C. Immunogoblins C. Major Histocompatibility Complexes
D. none of above D. Immunogens
47. Which of these would not contain genetic 53. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) percentage in
material? serum is
A. Viruses A. 30 %
B. Fungi B. 20 %
C. Bacteria C. below 1%
D. Prions D. 90 %

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2.1 Antigens and immunogenicity 141

54. Antibody structure contains B. 90%

A. One heavy and one light polypeptide C. 80%

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chain
D. 50%
B. One heavy and two light polypeptide
chain 60. Which of the following enhances immune
C. Two heavy and one light polypeptide system response but binds with the anti-
chain gen or immunogen?

D. Two identical heavy and two light A. Adjuvants

polypeptide chain B. Haptens
55. The ability of an antigen to induce an im- C. Carrier
mune response does not depend on the D. none of above
antigen’s
A. ability to enter the thyroid 61. Transplanting skin from the chest to arm
of himself. This is a type of what trans-
B. degree of aggregation
plantation?
C. dose
A. Autograft
D. size
B. Isograft
56. The immune system in a healthy person C. Homograft
recognises and responds to
D. Heterograft
A. Self antigens
B. Non-self antigens 62. Which of these can be multi-cellular?
C. Self and non-self antigens A. Arthropods and fungi
D. none of above B. Viroids and oomycetes
57. Humoral immune response generates: C. Worms and virsues
A. antigen D. Prions and bacteria
B. antibody
63. Antigen, when injected in the body acti-
C. T cell receptors vates its specific lymphocytes in the
D. cytokines A. blood circulation
58. What is the antigen? B. draining lymph nodes
A. antigen is a forge organism in the body C. MALT (mucosa associated
D. spleen lymphoid tissue
B. antigen is the white blood cell
C. antigen is what white blood cells pro- 64. is the ability to induce a humoral or cell
duce mediated immune response.
D. all the answers are correct A. Immunogenicity
B. Antigenicity
59. IgM immunoglubulin percentage in serum
is C. Both
A. 5-10% D. none of above

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 2.2 T- lymphocytes 142

2.2 T- lymphocytes
1. Define class I MHC B. LCM expresses some pathogen pep-
A. defines self on all nucleated cells, pre- tides
sentation of extracellular pathogens C. MHC expresses alot of pathogen pep-
tides
B. defines self on some nucleated cells,
presentation of extracellular pathogens D. MHC expresses all pathgoen peptides

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. mostly restricted to pAPCs, presenta- 3. What do CD4+ helper cells do?
tion of extracellular pathogens
A. regulate both innate and adaptive im-
D. none of above munity
2. What are infected cells? B. regulate ONLY innate immunity

A. MHC expresses some pathogen pep- C. regulate ONLY adaptive immunity

tides D. none of above

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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
3. IMMUNOGLOBULINS

3.1 Immunoglobulin- structure, types, distribution, biolog-

ical and chemical properties
1. Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephri- D. Type IV
tis is an example of this hypersensitivity
reaction. 4. The most prevalent antibody in serum
A. Type I A. IgG
B. Type II B. IgM
C. Type III
C. IgA
D. Type IV
D. IgE
2. Tuberculosis causes granuloma formation
which is a characteristic in which hypersen- 5. After the infection initially the titer of
sitivity reaction? is high.
A. Type I A. IgG
B. Type II B. IgE
C. Type III
C. IgM
D. Type IV
D. IgD
3. Type of hypersensitivity that involves
transfusion or Rh reactions, autoim- 6. The secretory antibodies found in mucous
mune hemolytic anemia, rheumatic fever, membranes
penicillin-induced hemolysis and Grave’s
A. IgG
disease?
A. Type I B. IgM

B. Type II C. IgA
C. Type III D. IgE

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3.1 Immunoglobulin- structure, types, distribution, biological and chemical properties144

7. Which of the antibody may be co ex- C. Type III

pressed by the B-Cells D. Type IV
A. IgM and IgA
13. Which of the following is an example of an
B. IgM and IgD
autoimmune disease?
C. IgG and IgE
A. Lupus
D. IgG and IgD
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
8. Only antibodies that can cross placenta

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. MS
A. IgG
D. All of the above
B. IgM
C. IgA 14. IgG has

D. IgE A. 2 antigen binding site

B. 10 antigen binding sites
9. Serum from an individual previously immu-
nized against an antigen that contains an- C. 4 antigen binding sites
tibody specific for that antigen is known D. 6 antigen binding sites
as:
A. antiserum 15. Which of the following results find in di-
versity of antibody
B. vaccine
A. Somatic hypermutation
C. toxoid
D. antidote B. Association of L and H chain
C. VDJ arrangement
10. The immunoglobulin found in a mother’s
milk is D. all
A. IgM 16. encapsulated bacteria are more efficiently
B. IgA phagocytized if they are coated with anti-
bodies, It is called
C. IgE
D. IgG A. Optimization
B. Inflammation
11. Which of the following transcription factor
binds to the immunoglobulin promoter C. compliment fixation
A. E2b D. immunization
B. Myc 17. The light chains are encoded by either
C. Rb2 kappa or lambda. These genes consists
D. oct 11 of different segments that encoded for the
variable and constant domain. They are
12. Which hypersensitivity reaction involves
A. C-J-V
and IgE and histamine. example:Bronchial
Asthma B. V-J-C
A. Type I C. J-V-C
B. Type II D. None

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 3.2 Theories of antibody production 145

18. This antibody causes allergic reactions B. IgM

when attached to mast cells or basophils C. IgE

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A. IgG D. IgA

3.2 Theories of antibody production

1. All of the following are examples of a non- C. White Blood Cells
specific immune defenses EXCEPT
D. Viruses
A. fever
B. histamine/Inflammatory response 4. Any substance that is recognized as for-
eign and is capable of triggering an im-
C. skin mune response is called
D. antibodies A. Antigen
2. What cells stimulate antibody produc- B. Antibiotic
tion?
C. Lymphocytes
A. T cells
D. Surface marker
B. A cells
C. B cells 5. Which of the following are examples of
D. Lymphocytes pathogens?
A. bacteria
3. What triggers antibody production in the
immune system? B. virus
A. Red blood cells C. fungi
B. Antigens D. all of the choices

3.3 Monoclonal Antibodies

1. Monoclonal antibodies are 3. The technology used for the production of
monoclonal antibodies is
A. Specific towards a Paratope
A. Suspension culture
B. Specific towards an Epitope
B. Hybridoma technology
C. Specific towards an antigen
C. Muscular technology
D. None of these
D. Industrial technology
2. Which of the following antibody is used in 4. To be more sustainable, mouse monoclonal
colorectal cancer? antibody cells are fused with?
A. Rituximab A. Henrietta Lacks
B. Cetuximab B. tumor cells
C. Gemstuzumab C. viruses
D. Alemtuzumab D. none of above

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3.3 Monoclonal Antibodies 146

5. Antibodies B. can divide but cannot make antibodies

A. destroy body cells
B. destroy toxins C. can divide and make antibodies

C. make pathogens stick together D. none of above

D. destroy particular viruses and bacteria 11. What are antibodies made of?
6. Tumour cells A. Carbohydrate

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. make specific antibodies but cannot di- B. Protein
vide C. Polysacchiaride
B. can divide but cannot make antibodies D. Lipid

12. Which of the following cell is made defi-

C. can divide and make antibodies
cient of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphori-
D. none of above bosyl transferase (HGPRT) enzyme
7. In the clonning of hybridoma cell line by A. B cells
limiting dilution the in vivo propagation is B. hybrid cells
done with
C. Myeloma cells
A. Mouse ascites method
D. None of these
B. Grafting technology
C. Cell immobilization 13. What are monoclonal antibodies?

D. Tissue culture method A. Antibodies made from phagocytes.

B. Antibodies from cells that are cloned
8. A hybridoma cell from one cell.
A. makes specific antibodies but cannot C. Antibodies cloned from lots of cells.
divide
D. Antibodies made by tumour cells.
B. can divide but cannot make antibodies
14. Which of the following is not a reason why
C. can divide and make antibodies monoclonal antibodies are so useful?
D. none of above A. They are totally uniform
B. They live forever
9. What animal is used to produce the lym-
phocytes? C. They can be produced in very large
quantities at a low cost
A. chimpanzee
D. They are highly specific
B. rabbit
C. pig 15. In Hybridoma technology, hybrid cells are
selected in
D. mouse
A. MS Medium
10. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell
which B. X-gal Medium

A. make specific antibodies but cannot di- C. HAT Medium

vide D. BSS Medium

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3.3 Monoclonal Antibodies 147

16. Why have monoclonal antibody cells been 21. Which of the following is not a use of mon-
rejected by human tissues? oclonal antibodies?

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A. they are shaped oddly A. pregnancy test
B. viruses attack the cells B. blood and tissue typing

C. the human body creates its own anti- C. the identification of chromosome nor-
bodies in response to the antigens mality
D. used to prevent organ rejection
D. the human body rejects the mouse
cells 22. What is a hybridoma cell?

17. What is the first stage of producing mono- A. A particular antibody

clonal antibodies? B. A B lymphocyte fused with a cancer
cell
A. Stimulating mouse lymphocytes to
make an antibody C. An antibody fused with a lymphocyte
B. collect spleen cells from a mouse D. None of the above
C. Form hybridoma cells 23. Major hazards of Mabs are
D. produce myeloma cells A. Difficult in purification
B. Non-specificity
18. It is believed that having a disease gives
people from the disease C. Contamination with retroviral parti-
cles from mouse myeloma
A. Immunity
D. All of these
B. Vaccinaton
24. Monoclonal Antibodies are produced by
C. Innocence
A. In vivo method
D. none of above
B. Suspended cell culture in fermenters
19. In the preparation of myeloma cells they C. Immobilized cell reactors
are cultured with D. All of these
A. MERCAPTOPURINE
25. What is the name of the cells produced by
B. 8 AZAGUANINE fusing lymphocytes with tumour cells?
C. 5 HYDROYGUANINE A. carcinoma
D. AMINOTRYPTINE B. hybridoma
C. melanoma
20. What is the name for the use of recombi-
nant DNA to construct antibodies that use D. hypodoma
both human sources and mouse sources?
26. HAMA stands for
A. rRNA A. Human antigen mouse antibody
B. chimeric monoclonal antibodies B. Human antibody mouse antigen
C. vector monoclonal antibodies C. Human antisense mouse antibody
D. transducing monoclonal antibodies D. Human Anti-Mouse antibody

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 3.4 Polyclonal Antibodies 148

27. Why are mice injected with antigens? 30. How are monoclonal antibodies pro-
A. so they produce lymphocytes with the duced?
specific antibody. A. Taken from bone marrow
B. so they produce lymphocytes with the B. From a clone of a single cell
specific antigen.
C. From an embryo
C. so they produce tumour cells.
D. All of the above
D. so they produce clone cells.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. Natural humoral immune response against 31. What is the full form of HAT?
a pathogen leads to the production of A. hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine
A. Monoclonal antibodies B. Hydroxy acetic tetrahydrate
B. Polyclonal antibodies
C. Hypoxy amiopterin thymidine
C. Macrophages
D. None of these
D. None of these
32. Infectious diseases are also called
29. Hybridoma technology was developed by
A. Khorana and Nirenberg A. Carriers

B. Khorana and Korenberg B. Antigenes

C. Kohler and Milstein C. Communicable diseases
D. Beedle and Tautum D. Viruses

3.4 Polyclonal Antibodies

1. Immunisation schedule for a rabbit:Why 3. Why would you choose a chicken as a ani-
do you frequently bleed the animal? mal to generate pAbs?
A. To clean the blood A. Has a lot of blood to give.
B. To weaken the animal B. Young females have high immune re-
sponse.
C. To remove the suppressive effect of
high amount of antibodies C. Can be breed pathogen free.

D. To stimulate the immune response D. Antibodies can be harvested from egg

yolk.
2. What is the most likely injection route for 4. FCA has one extra component compared to
200 ul vaccine in mouse? FIA. Which one?
A. intravenous A. Surfactant
B. intraperitoneal B. Non-metabolisable oil
C. intramuscular C. dead mycobacteria
D. subcutaneous D. none of above

3.5 Complement system

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3.5 Complement system 149

1. The initial complement component that 6. The major role of the complement system
is bound by complement-fixing antibodies is to work in conjunction with
is:

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A. antibodies to lyse cells via the C8 and
A. C1q C9 components
B. C1s B. antibodies to lyse cells via the perforin
molecules
C. C3b
C. antibodies to opsonize cells
D. C9
D. the major histocompatibility complex
2. What is the common enzyme that initiates for cell recognition
the complement cascade in all three com-
plement activation pathways 7. The endogenous pathway of antigen pre-
sentation involves
A. C3a
A. presentation of antigen associated
B. C5b
with MHC class II molecules.
C. C5 convertase
B. presentation of antigen to cytolytic T
D. C3 convertase cells.

3. What makes the classical complement C. presentation of antigen to Th2 cells.

pathway a part of both the innate and D. presentation of antigen to B cells.
adaptive immune response?
8. Vaccination is a way to prevent develop-
A. It includes lectins and ficolins
ment of diseases caused by
B. It includes antibodies and C1 complex
A. viruses
C. It gets stronger with each additional
B. bacteria
exposure to the target
C. both viruses and bacteria
D. It is slow
D. none of above
4. Which of the following is a positive regu-
lator of the complement cascade? 9. Complement component C3b:
A. factor P A. Directly injures bacteria.
B. factor H B. Is an anaphylatoxin.
C. factor B C. Is the inactive form of C3.
D. all of the above D. Opsonizes bacteria.

5. How do vaccines protect an individual from 10. Which of the complement receptor acti-
disease? vate phagocytosis by binding to C3b & C4b
coated particles?
A. They are antibodies
A. CR1
B. They trigger the creation of antibodies
B. CR2
C. They are white blood cells C. CR3
D. none of above D. CR4

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3.5 Complement system 150

11. In Class I MHC molecules, peptide-binding A. C3a

site consist of B. C3b
A. α 1 and α 2 domains C. C5a
B. α 1 and α 3 domains D. C5b
C. α 1 and β 1 domains
17. The deficiency of the complement compo-
D. β 2m nent factor D and properdin lead to recur-
rent bacterial infection. Which of the fol-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
12. Abbreviation of ELISA is
lowing pathway is affected in this condi-
A. Ion Selective Field Effect Transistors tion?
B. Enzyme Linked Field Effect Transistors A. Alternative pathway
B. Classical pathway
C. Adenosine triphophosphate
C. Lectin binding pathway
D. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
D. None of the above
13. The CD4 is present as part of in T lym-
18. The classical and alternative pathways
phocytes
meet at complement component:
A. CD28 R
A. C3
B. TCR complex
B. C4
C. Microcomplex
C. C4b
D. ILR complex
D. C5
14. Several of the complement components
19. What is the main effector mechanism of
are:
complement?
A. Antibodies
A. Phagocytosis
B. Cytokines
B. inflammation
C. Enzymes
C. MAC
D. Glycolipids D. all of the above
15. Certain microorganisms such as 20. Which of the following component of com-
Salmonella, Listeria, Neisseria, Cryptococ- plement proteins enhances inflammation
cus consist of specific carbohydrate moi- (anaphylatoxin)?
eties on the surface antigen that activate
A. C3a
A. Alternative Pathway B. C5a
B. Classical Pathway C. Both of the above
C. Lectin Binding Pathway D. None of the above

D. All of the above 21. Why is there an enzyme attached to the

secondary antibody?
16. Which complement protein initiates
phagocytosis by binding to CR1 on A. They link to the proteins used
macrophages? B. The catalyze reactions

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 3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways 151

C. They provide a colormetirc indication C. TNF-a

of antigen exposure D. IL-6

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D. They are used to detect DNA
24. Which terminal complement protein initi-
22. What is the main goal of inflammation? ates MAC?
A. to represent a pathological response A. C3a
to bacteria B. C3b
B. the body’s way of asking for antibiotics C. C5a
D. C5b
C. to restore immune homeostasis
25. Which complement pathway can be spon-
D. to feel pain, and heat taneously activated by C3 hydrolysis?
23. Which of the following is NOT an impor- A. Classical pathway
tant pro-inflammatory cytokine B. alternative pathway
A. IL-10 C. lectin pathway
B. IL-1 D. ficolin pathway

3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways

1. Function of CD35 A. a 2 carbon compound (phosphoglyco-
A. Mediates transport of immune com- late)
plexes B. a 3 carbon compound (PGA)
B. Prevents insertion of C9 into cell mem- C. a 4 carbon compound (malate)
brane
D. none of above
C. Adhesion and increased activity of
phagovytic ells 4. Function of Factor I
D. B-cell coreceptor for antigen with A. Cleaves C3b and C4b
CD19
B. Acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate
2. Function of CR1 C4b
A. Adhesion and increased activity of C. Cofactor with I to inactivate C3b
phagocytic cell D. Dissociates C2b or Bb from binding
B. Prevents insertion of C9 into cell mem- sites
brane
5. Bacteria persist or invade a second time,
C. Cofactor for factor I cleavage of C3b antibody responses activate the
and C4b
A. Lectin pathway
D. cofactor for factor I; mediates trans-
port of immune complexes B. Alternative pathway
C. Classical pathway
3. The first event that happens to CO2 in
Calvin Cycle turns it into D. Macrophages

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3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways 152

6. Key intermediate in all pathways 12. When should stomata open?

A. C2 A. When not enough oxygen is available
B. C3 B. When there is not enough water
C. C5 C. When there is not enough carbon diox-
ide
D. C6
D. none of above
7. Polymerizes to cause cell lysis

NARAYAN CHANGDER
13. Which has the potential to supply the most
A. C6 electrons to cellular respiration?
B. C7 A. lipids
C. C8 B. proteins
D. C9 C. carbohydrates

8. Part of C3 convertase D. nucleic acids

A. C1q 14. Photorespiration involves a long, ineffi-

cient, and tedious process of converting
B. C1r
phosphoglycolate back into PGA with the
C. C1s help of
D. Tch A. chloroplast and ER
B. peroxisomes and mitochondria
9. Starts pore formation on membrane
C. nucleus and ribosomes
A. C5
D. none of above
B. C6
C. C7 15. Where does C3 Pathway occur?

D. C8 A. bundle sheath cells

B. guard cells
10. Electrons harvested from lipids can be car-
C. mesophyll cells
ried by NADH and FADH2 to power
D. none of above
A. pyruvate oxidation
B. citric acid cycle 16. Lectin pathway activated by
C. oxidative phosphorylation A. MAC

D. glycolysis B. Mannose binding lectin (MBL)

C. SAC
11. Function of Vitronectin
D. BAC
A. Prevents attachment of C5b67 com-
plex to cell membranes 17. CO2 in C4 plants are bind with
B. Dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q A. RuBP
C. Cofactor with I to inactivate C3b B. Pyruvate

D. Acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C. Malate

C4b D. none of above

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3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways 153

18. Beta oxidation 24. Which of the following is the reason why
A. fatty acids → G3P C4 plants create malate as an intermediate
molecule.

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B. fatty acids → acetyl CoA
A. to avoid Photorespiration by oxygen
C. glycerol → pyruvate
D. glycerol → G3P B. to keep oxygen deposits high
C. to make water vapor exit the through
19. When carbon dioxide binds with RuBP it
the stomata
creates a 6 Carbon compound that is bro-
ken apart into D. none of above
A. two pyruvates
25. Function of C4-binding protein
B. two acetyl CoA
C. two PGA A. Dissociates C1r from C1q

D. two G3P B. Cofactor with I to inactivate C3b

20. Why should stomata close? C. Acts as cofactor with I to inactivate

C4b
A. to avoid water loss
D. cofactor for factor I; mediates trans-
B. to avoid oxygen loss
port of immune complexes
C. to replenish lost CO2
D. none of above 26. Function of C1INH

21. Function of MIRL A. Prevents attachment of C5b67 com-

plex to cell membranes
A. Adhesion and increased activity of
phagocytic cell B. Dissociates C1r and C1s from C1q
B. Prevents insertion of C9 into cell mem- C. Cofactor with I to inactivate C3b
brane
D. Acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate
C. Cofactor for factor I cleavage of C3b C4b
and C4b
D. Dissociates C2b or Bb from binding 27. Cleaves C4 and C2
sites A. C1q
22. MASP-1 and MASP-2 found in B. S1r
A. Alternative pathway C. C1s
B. Lectin pathway
D. Tch
C. Classical pathway
D. None of the above 28. If ATP is high in the cell, phosophofructok-
inase will be
23. Binds to C4b-forms C3 convertase
A. stimulated
A. C4
B. C2 B. inhibited

C. C3 C. unaffected
D. C5 D. none of above

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3.6 Classical, Alternate and Lectin pathways 154

29. Proteins can be broken down to produce 32. Function MCP

A. pyruvate A. Cofactor for factor I cleavage of C3b
B. acetyl CoA and C4b
C. intermediates of the citric acid cycle B. Mediates transport of immune com-
plexes
D. all of the above
C. Adhesion and increased activity of
30. Function of DAF phagocytic cells

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Adhesion and increased activity of D. cofactor for factor I; mediates trans-
phagocytic cell port of immune complexes
B. B cell coreceptor for antigen with Cd19
33. Binds to Fc region of IgM and IgG
C. Cofactor for factor I cleavage of C3b A. C1q
and C4b B. C1r
D. Dissociates C2b or Bb from binding C. C1s
sites
D. C4
31. The enzyme that binds the CO2 with a 5C
compound in carbon fixation is: 34. Binds to C5b in MAC
A. NADH dehydrogenase A. C6
B. RuBisCO B. C7
C. ATP Synthase C. C8
D. none of above D. C9

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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
4. IMMUNE RESPONSE

1. White Blood Cells 5. Class Switching the gene rearrangement

A. Phagocytes leading to the expression of a new heavy
chain class applies to which cell?
B. Neutrophils
A. Plasma Cell
C. Leukocytes
B. Memory B-Cell
D. Lymphocytes
C. Common B-Cell
2. which of the following is NOT one of the
signs of inflammation? D. Activated Helper T-Cell
A. redness (erythema) 6. All of the following are considered Non-
B. heat thymic Lymphoid Tissue except:
C. pain A. Tonsils
D. bleeding B. Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
3. What are proteins on the surface of tissue C. GALT
and blood cells which identify cells belong- D. Spleen
ing to a specific individual?
A. MHC 7. Which of the following is NOT part of the
non-specific immune system?
B. Epitope
A. Macrophages
C. Dendritic
B. Fever
D. GALT
C. Inflammation
4. Monokines are cytokines produced by
what? D. Antibodies
A. Macrophages 8. Which of the following are all classes of
B. Lymphocytes immunoglobulins?
C. CD4 cells A. Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig G, Ig M
D. APCs B. Ig A, Ig C, Ig E, Ig G, Ig N

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 156

C. Ig A, Ig D, Ig E, Ig H, Ig G 14. Which cell is matured into most by stem-

D. Ig A, Ig B, Ig E, Ig G, Ig M cells?
A. Erythrocyte
9. T-lymphocytes that have CD8 are know B. Neutrophil
as?
C. Leukocyte
A. Natural Killer
D. Lymphocyte
B. Helper
15. The response that uses killer t-cells and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Cytotoxic not antibodies is called?
D. Macrophage A. immune system

10. Which Immunoglobin has the highest con- B. cell mediated response
centration in serum? C. surface proteins
A. Ig G D. lymphocyte
B. Ig M 16. Interferon is group of hormone like pep-
tides produced by cells in response to the
C. Ig A
presence of
D. Ig D A. chemical irritants
11. what cell helps activate the B cell; helps B B. viruses
cell decide whether it is a foreign antigen C. bacterial cells
or an antigen that belongs in the body
D. malarial parasites
A. Plasma cells
17. Name the cytokine:Co-stimulates TH cell
B. memory cells activation, Promotes T-cell proliferation
C. T Cells (stimulates IL-2 receptors); inflammation
D. Helper T Cells A. IL-1
B. IL-3
12. Cytolysis is facilitated by what in the com- C. IL-4
plement?
D. IL-6
A. MAC
18. . Identify the medication used to kill or
B. Ig G
slow the growth of bacteria
C. C3b A. Antibiotics
D. C4a B. Antibodies
13. A tissue cell that has high-affinity recep- C. Medicalsupplementation
tors for Ig E and generates inflammatory D. Herbalremedies
chemical mediators in allergy is know as?
19. B Cells are created where?
A. Mast Cell A. Thyroid
B. T-Cell B. Spleen
C. Plasma Cell C. Bone
D. B-Cell D. Lymph Nodes

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 157

20. How does the body tell the difference be- B. T2 Helper cells
tween its own cells and foreign cells? C. B-Cells

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A. memory cells recognize different kins
D. Phagocytosis
of cells
B. foreign cells have different DNA 26. Which type of cell does not for “memory
cells”?
C. it recognizes antigens on the cell sur-
face A. CTL
D. it cannot differentiate, so it destroys B. T-Cell
all cells in the bloodstream C. B-Cell
21. The following are examples of APCs ex- D. NK
cept:
27. Which cell is precommitted during matura-
A. Dendritic Cells
tion to respond to specific antigens
B. Macrophages
A. Neutrophil
C. B-lymphocytes
B. Lymphocyte
D. T-lymphocytes (helper)
C. Monocyte
22. Which leukocyte is matured into the most D. Macrophage
by stem-cells?
A. Erythrocyte 28. What prevents antibiotics from being ef-
fective againstviruses?
B. Neutrophil
A. viruses have a high rate of mutation
C. Lymphocyte
D. Basophil B. viruses have no RNA
C. viruses have no metabolism
23. Cellular immunity and humoral immunity
are similar because they both D. viruses have a protein shell that pro-
tects them
A. depend on interferons
B. produce acquired immunity 29. Which of the following is not part of the
body’s nonspecific defense?
C. cause pathogens to clump
A. production of antibodies
D. require activated B cells
B. inflammation
24. What is the role of a helper T cell?
C. fever
A. Kills pathogens
D. release of histamines
B. Helps activate killer T and B cells
C. Produces antibodies 30. Which Immunoglobin can be passed
through the placenta?
D. Binds to antigens
A. Ig G
25. Immunoglobulins assist in removing or in-
B. Ig E
activating antigens by usually enhancing
what? C. Ig M
A. T1 Helper D. Ig A

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 158

31. The response in which antibodies defend 37. Chemotaxis is facilitated by what comple-
against infection in body fluids is called? ment component?
A. Humoral response A. C5a
B. Surface proteins B. C3b
C. Killer T-cell C. C5
D. Cell mediated response
D. C5b

NARAYAN CHANGDER
32. In heavy chains, domains (regions) con-
sists of how many amino acids? 38. What is the primary phagocytic cell?

A. 110 A. Neutrophil
B. 250 B. Lymphocyte
C. 70 C. Basophil
D. 250 D. Monocyte
33. What is the general response the body has 39. Examples of a specific defense mecha-
to an infection? nism.
A. Non-specific response
A. T cells and B cells reacting to
B. Humoral response pathogens
C. Homeostasis B. Phagocytes engulfing pathogens
D. Vaccines C. Hydrochloric acid killing pathogens
34. Antigens are important because they help D. Mucus and cilia catching pathogens
the immune system
A. engulf infected body cells 40. What are cytotoxic protease molecules
which cleave various proteins in the target
B. cause pathogens to clump cell’s cytoplasm thus leading to apoptotic
C. recognize foreign cells death of the target cell?
D. produce T cells A. Granzymes
35. Lymphocytes borrowed from another B. Perforin
source and only last a short time C. Serglycin
A. Innate Immunity D. Cytokines
B. Adaptive Immunity
C. Passive Immunity 41. Some human white blood cells help destroy
pathogenic bacteria by
D. Neutrophils
A. causing mutations in the bacteria
36. What is your bodies first line of defense?
B. engulfing and digesting the bacteria
A. The skin
C. producing toxins that compete with
B. Muscles bacterial toxins
C. Cell-mediated response D. inserting part of their DNA into the bac-
D. Humoral response terial cells

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 159

42. Immunoglobulins account for what percent B. Leukocytes

of total plasma proteins? C. B-Lymphocytes

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A. 20 D. T-Lymphocytes
B. 15
48. Specialized cells located in various tissues
C. 25
that help initiate the immune response by
D. 30 recognizing, “processing”, and presenting
Ag to other cells of the immune system are
43. Which T-Cell surface marker receives acti- known as?
vation co-signal from CD80/86 molecule
on APC? A. Dendritic Cells
A. CD28 B. Phagocytes
B. LFA-1 C. Antibodies
C. CD20 D. Antigens
D. CD26 49. Mast cells produce which causes the
inflammatory response.
44. What kind of cells are the “soldiers” of
the cellular immunity response? A. interleukin
A. mast cells B. histamine
B. lymphocytes C. antibodies
C. B cells D. interstitial fluid
D. T cells 50. Which type of immunity produces no mem-
45. Which cells Destroy target cells by releas- ory cells?
ing granules containing toxic substances? A. Passive
A. CTL B. Active
B. NK C. Natural
C. CTL and NK D. Artificial
D. CTL and NK and Macrophages
51. Your body responds to pathogens by gen-
46. A foreign substance, such as a microor- erating a fever. This is used to fight off the
ganism, foreign blood cell, cells of trans- bacteria and is an example of what kind of
planted organs, or toxins; which triggers feedback?
an immune response is know as? A. Positive
A. Antigen B. Negative
B. Antibody C. Neutral
C. Immunoglobin D. Constructive
D. Phagocyte
52. What is produced by B-cells in order to
47. Immunity that stay in the bone marrow to form a faster and stronger response to in-
mature fection the second time?
A. Lymphocytes A. Memory B-cell

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 160

B. Antigens 58. What is the main difference between cellu-

lar immunity and humoral immunity?
C. T-cells
A. antibodies are produced in cellular im-
D. Pathogens
munity
53. Eosinophils account for what percentage of B. T cells do not play a role in humoral im-
Leukocytes produced? munity
A. 1-5 C. phagocytes do not play a role in hu-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
moral immunity
B. .5-1
D. antibodies are produced in humoral im-
C. 2-8 munity
D. 5-10
59. Diseases that can be transmitted to hu-
54. B-lymphocytes mature where? mans from animals are called
A. Lymph node A. Human diseases

B. Bone marrow B. Animal diseases

C. Pathogenetic disease transfer
C. Peripheral lymphoid tissues
D. Zoonotic diseases
D. Blood vessels
60. In order to decrease the chances of tissue
55. Cells that allow the body to remember and rejection in the recipient of an organ trans-
recognize previously invading organisms plant, the recipient’s protein markers must
A. Lymphocytes be
B. Leukocytes A. recognized by the donated tissue
C. Antigen B. weakened through the use of drugs

D. Neutrophils C. matched closely to those of the donor

D. inactivated by the immune system
56. Pre-committed cells and tissues that re-
spond against the ‘foreign’ substance is 61. A proteoglycan which serves to assemble
associated with what? a complex containing granzymes and per-
forin is known as?
A. Adaptive Immunity
A. Serglycin
B. Innate Host Response
B. Cytokine
C. Natural Immunity
C. Cytotoxic T-Cell
D. Native Immunity
D. Cytotoxic B-Cell
57. In complete immunoglobulin molecules 62. Name the cytokine:Activates NK, CD4 TH1
chains are held together by cells
A. Disulfide bonds A. IL-12
B. Polypeptide bonds B. IL-10
C. Dihydrogen bonds C. IL-8
D. Monosulfide bonds D. MIF

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 161

63. What function do T cells have in humoral D. Mitotic division of B cells activated in
immunity? response toan infection

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A. they produce antibodies 68. Phagocyte adherence is facilitated by
B. they activate B cells which complement component?
C. they engulf pathogens clumps A. C5a
D. they display antigens on their mem- B. C3b
brane C. C5
64. The cells and molecules responsible for im- D. C5b
munity, and their collective and coordi-
69. ICAM-1 always binds with?
nated response to the introduction of for-
eign substances is known as? A. LFA-1
A. Immune System B. CD28
B. Immune Response C. CD 80/86
C. Immunity D. IL-1
D. Innate Host Response 70. What is a non-living organism that con-
tains genetic material and hijacks cells?
65. What is the process by which individual
T & B lymphocytes are engaged by anti- A. Bacteria
gen and cloned to create a population of B. Acne
antigen-reactive cells with identical anti- C. Virus
gen specificity?
D. Allergen
A. Clonal Selection
71. An immune system that accompanies you
B. Antigen-Specific Surface Receptors
at birth
C. Immune Tolerance A. Adaptive Immunity
D. Precommision B. Innate Immunity
66. Name the cytokine:Inflammation; Acti- C. Passive Immunity
vates macrophages, granulocytes, cyto- D. T-Lymphocytes
toxic cells; Kills tumor cells; Enhances
phagocytosis 72. Which Immunoglobulin is most associated
A. TNF with secondary response?
A. Ig G
B. MIF
B. Ig M
C. MAF
C. Ig A
D. GM-CSF
D. Ig D
67. What is clonal selection?
73. Which pathogen is only one cell big?
A. Production of memory B cells
A. virus
B. Production of a group of identical or-
ganisms B. bacteria
C. Passive immunity as a result of inocu- C. fungus
lation withantibodies D. parasite/protist

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 162

74. Which dendritic cell is located in the liver? 80. Foreign protein found on pathogens that
A. Kupffer cells the body reacts to
A. antibody
B. Interdigitating Dendritic cells
B. antigen
C. Langerhans cells
C. antigen-antibody complex
D. Microglial cells
D. pathogens
75. What are the APCs involved in the Cell Me-
81. Which Immunoglobin is produced in mu-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
diated Immune System?
cosal tissue?
A. Macrophages and Dendritic Cells A. Ig M
B. Dendritic Cells and B-lymphocytes B. Ig A
C. B-lymphocytes and Macrophages C. Ig G
D. Macrophages only D. Ig D
76. What is the rapid and highly specific 82. Which cells would be first responders dur-
response by the host’s immune system ing an immune response?
against a specific foreign substance which A. macrophages
had been previously encountered?
B. T-cells
A. Secondary Response
C. B-cells
B. Primary Response D. Memory cells
C. Tertiary Response
83. Which two cells will form an immunologi-
D. Complement Response cal synapse?
77. Function is to destroy foreign substances A. CTL and Target cell

A. Antigen B. Macrophage and T-Cell

C. B-Cell and T-Cell
B. B-Lymphocytes
D. Any APC to T-Cell
C. Antibodies
D. T-Lymphocytes 84. What is the term for a nonspecific im-
mune response characterized by redness
78. What is the role of a Killer T cell? and swelling?
A. Kills specific pathogens A. fever
B. Helps activate other immune cells B. tissue rejection

C. Produces antibodies C. antigen

D. inflammation
D. Binds to antigens
85. Which Immunoglobin isn’t synthesized by
79. T-lymphocytes concentrate where? plasma cells?
A. Lymph nodes A. Ig D
B. Thymus B. Ig M
C. Bone marrow C. Ig A
D. Blood vessels D. Ig E

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 163

86. When you receive a vaccine you produce C. B cells

antigens against the disease. D. Lymphocytes

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A. true
90. Which Immunoglobins does not active the
B. false, antibodies complement response?
C. false, immunity A. Ig M, Ig G
D. false, interferons
B. Ig A, Ig E
87. How long does Immunoglobulin G circulate C. Ig G, Ig E
in serum providing protection?
D. Ig M, Ig A
A. Months to Years
91. Which cells would be the last cells to be on
B. Weeks to Months
the scene during an immune response?
C. Less than 72 hours
A. macrophages
D. 5-10 Days
B. T-cells
88. Which is not a lymphocyte? C. B-cells
A. T-Cell D. Memory cells
B. B-Cell
92. What is the specific part of the immuno-
C. NK-Cell gen that specifies or determines the exact
D. Dendritic Cells antibody to be produced?

89. Proteins that recognize and bind to a par- A. Epitope

ticular antigen with very high specificity. B. T-helper cell
A. antigen C. Antigen-presenting cell
B. antibody D. MHC-I

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 5. HYPERSENSITIVITY

NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. Cytotoxic T cells target host cells C. Type III
A. Type I D. Type IV
B. Type II 5. Which type of hypersensitivity involves
C. Type III IgE?
D. Type IV A. Type I
B. Type II
2. Which types of hypersensitivity involves
the mechanism of sensitization and activa- C. Type III
tion? D. Type IV
A. Type I & II
6. Immune mediator of food allergy:
B. Type II & III
A. IgM
C. Type III & IV
B. IgE
D. Type IV & I
C. IgG
3. Myco-remediation is bio-remediation that D. IgD
uses
7. Itching, redness and blistering around ear
A. Bacteria
lobes after wearing new earrings is caused
B. Seashells by which cells?
C. Plant A. B cells
D. Fungi B. T cells

4. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction C. Eosinophils

causes rapid anaphylaxis in response to an D. Mast cells
allergen?
8. Which type I hypersensitivity inhibits in-
A. Type I nate immune cell activity in airways, treat-
B. Type II ing asthma?

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 165

A. inhalation corticosteroids B. A-beta fibers

B. antihistamines C. C-fibers

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C. leukotriene antagonists D. none of above
D. none of above
14. Prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity is
9. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is
known as a delayed hypersensitivity reac- A. age related
tion?
B. time related
A. Type I
C. body related
B. Type II
D. none of above
C. Type III
D. Type IV 15. Enamel overlaps cementum of time
10. Which immunoglobulin mediates food aller- A. 60%
gies? B. 30%
A. IgG C. 10%
B. IgE D. 1.6%
C. IgA
16. Is the most common desensitizing agent
D. IgM
used in conjunction with fluoride and signif-
11. Cementum and enamel do not meet of icantly reduces symptoms with in 2 weeks
time-but with NO exposed dentin of daily use
A. 60% A. Potassium Nitrate 5%
B. 30% B. Stannous Fluoride 0.4% or 0.454%
C. 10% C. 8% arginine and calcium carbonate
D. 1.6% D. none of above
12. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is 17. Which type of hypersensitivity also known
mediated via IgG and IgM binding to self- as allergy?
antigens and marking them out to the body
for destruction? A. Type I

A. Type 1 B. Type II
B. Type II C. Type III
C. Type III D. Type IV
D. Type IV 18. Who are your hosts (G3) today?:)
13. Stimulation of the unmyelinated re- A. Ali and Abu
sults in a dull, poorly localized, aching
B. Wan Iskandar and Pui Yee
type of pain usually associated with pul-
pal pain. C. I don’t know
A. A-delta D. none of above

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 166

19. “Immune complexes” is related to which C. Leukocytes

type of hypersensitivity? D. Red blood cells
A. Type I
25. IgE antibodies bind to mast cells
B. Type II
A. Type I
C. Type III
B. Type II
D. Type IV C. Type III

NARAYAN CHANGDER
20. Which type I hypersensitivity reaction D. Type IV
is often initiated by an injected or gut-
absorbed allergen such as bee sting venom, 26. Which type of hypersensitivity involves
PCN, seafood, or nuts? IgG & IgM?
A. Type I
A. systemic anaphylaxis
B. Type II
B. localized reaction
C. Type III
C. food allergy
D. Type IV
D. none of above
27. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction
21. Systemic lupus erythematous is caused by will lead to release of pharmacologically
A. I don’t know active mediators?
B. Inhaled antigens A. Immune complex hypersensitivity
C. Immune reaction to nuclear self- B. Cell-mediated (Delayed) hypersensitiv-
antigens ity
D. none of above C. Anaphylactic (Immediate) hypersensi-
tivity
22. Which of the following is not preformed D. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
mediators?
A. Leukotriene 28. Which antihistamine given can be used for
the indication of dermatitis?
B. Heparin
A. Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
C. Histamine
B. Zyrtec (cetirizine)
D. Serotonin
C. Allegra (fexofenadine)
23. Cementum overlaps enamel of time D. Claritin (loratadine)
A. 60% 29. The persistence of the immune complex
B. 30% and their deposition in tissue can trigger an
acute inflammatory response resulting in
C. 10%
immunological reaction .This best describe
D. 1.6% for which type of sensitivity?
24. Vaccines work because the immune sys- A. Type 1
tem saves the information in the: B. Type 2
A. Memory cells C. Type 3
B. Effector cells D. Type 4

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 167

30. Disease(s) caused by hypersensitivity 35. Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are con-
Type I sidered :formed when membrane phos-
pholipids are enzymatically cleaved.

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A. Seasonal hay fever
A. primary mediators
B. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
B. secondary mediators
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. tertiary mediators
D. multiple sclerosis
D. none of above
31. What type of response is induced after an
antigen enters mucosal tissue at very low 36. Which type I hypersensitivity is limited to
concentrations? a specific tissue or organ ie allergic rhinitis
(hay fever), atopic dermatitis (eczema), or
A. IgE-stimulating TH2 responses atopic urticaria (hives)?
B. IgE-stimulating TH1 responses A. systemic anaphylaxis
C. IgE-stimulating TC cell release B. localized reaction
D. none of above C. food allergy

32. Which immunoglobulin is responsible for D. none of above

type I hypersensitivity?
37. The are susceptible to the same type
A. IgE of stimuli but respond more sensitively to
B. IgG electrical stimulation.

C. IgA A. A-delta

D. IgM B. A-beta fibers

C. C-fibers
33. IgG or IgM leads to complement activation
D. none of above
and cell lysis
A. Type I 38. Professionally applied desensitizing
agents are used for dentinal hyper-
B. Type II
sensitivity
C. Type III
A. moderate to severe
D. Type IV B. severe
34. What do IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate? C. early to moderate
A. TH2 responses to increase IgE produc- D. none of above
tion by B cells
39. Infants with eczema and children deficient
B. TH1 responses to increase IgE produc- in support the hygiene hypothesis.
tion by B cells
A. filaggrin
C. TH2 responses to increase IgE produc-
tion by T cells B. keratin
C. melanin
D. TH1 responses to increase IgE produc-
tion by T cells D. carotene

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 168

40. Which type I hypersensitivity is a common B. 30%

type of atopy on the rise, often water- C. 10%
soluble glycoproteins stable to heat, acid,
and proteases? D. 1.6%
A. systemic anaphylaxis 46. Contact Dermatitis
B. localized reaction A. Type I
C. food allergies B. Type II

NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above C. Type III
41. What is bio-remediation? D. Type IV
A. Process where organic things are
47. Hemolytic Disease of the New Born
used to break down pollution
B. When you use biology to meditate A. Type I

C. When you amend biological things B. Type II

D. Process where you watch bacteria C. Type III

break things down D. Type IV
42. individuals produce IgE against com- 48. Ig E is mainly responsible to which type of
mon environmental antigens. hypersensitivity?
A. atopic A. Type 1
B. allergic B. Type 2
C. weak C. Type 3
D. none of above D. Type 4
43. Known as Delayed type hypersensitivity
49. Activation of the fibers is responsible
reaction:
for dentinal hypersensitivity
A. Type I
A. A-delta
B. Type II
B. A-beta fibers
C. Type III
C. C-fibers
D. Type IV
D. none of above
44. Which of the following is not a type of vac-
cine? 50. Which hypersensitivity reaction will cause
granuloma formation when the antigen
A. Live attenuated
cannot be destroy?
B. Subunit
A. Immune complex hypersensitivity
C. Bone marrow
B. Cell-mediated (Delayed) hypersensitiv-
D. Inactivated ity
45. Cementum and enamel meet without over- C. Anaphylactic (Immediate) hypersensi-
lap of time tivity
A. 60% D. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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 5.1 Types of Hypersensitivity 169

51. After how many days of infection by 54. Vasodilation following a type I hypersen-
mosquitoes do the symptoms for malaria sitivity reaction is principally caused by
occur? which molecule?

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A. 1-2 A. Histamine
B. 3-5 B. Leukotrine
C. 10-16 C. Bradykine
D. 20-30
D. Tryptase
52. Antigen-antibody complexes are de-
posited in tissues and cause mast cell de- 55. Which of the following hypersensitivity re-
granulation action can activate complement?
A. Type I A. Type I & II
B. Type II B. Type II & III
C. Type III C. Type III&IV
D. Type IV D. Type I &IV
53. What binds and blocks H1 receptors on tar-
56. What type of sensitivity is an allergic or
get cells for treatment of type I hypersen-
atopy reaction?
sitivity?
A. antihistamines A. I

B. leukotriene antagonists B. II
C. inhalation corticosteroids C. III
D. none of above D. IV

5.1 Types of Hypersensitivity

5.2 Autoimmunity
1. If you have an autoimmune disease, what C. Women of childbearing age
happens with the immune system? D. Women older than 50
A. Your immune cells die
3. What tissues, organs, or body systems can
B. Antibodies from your immune system be affected by autoimmune diseases?
mistakenly attack tissues in the body A. Skin
C. Your immune system makes too many B. Joints
immune cells
C. Thyroid
D. None of the above
D. All of the above
2. Autoimmune diseases strike which group 4. Lupus is more common among women in
more often? which ethnic group?
A. Children younger than 12 A. Caucasians
B. Men older than 40 B. African Americans

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 5.3 immuno-tolerance 170

C. Hispanics A. Lupus
D. B and C B. Multiple sclerosis

5. Give two examples of autoimmune dis- C. Scleroderma

eases? D. None of the above
A. Lupus & Rheumatic Fever 7. Why are some autoimmune diseases diffi-
B. Atopic allergy & Cancer cult to diagnose?

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Blau syndrome & Castleman’s disease A. Symptoms may be vague
B. No specific lab tests exist to confirm a
D. Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy & diagnosis
Eczema C. Symptoms may come and go, making it
6. Which of these autoimmune diseases can hard to pinpoint the problem
be cured? D. All of the above

5.3 immuno-tolerance
1. What does CD8+ normally attaches to, to 3. Which is the general mechanism behind pe-
provide the primary signal for cytotoxic T- ripheral tolerance of T cells?
cells to activate? A. Antigen sequestration
A. MHCI B. Clonal anergy
B. MHCII C. Clonal deletion
C. TCR D. T-regulatory cells
D. BCR
4. What is the characteristic molecule that
2. Where can we find IgD? identifies T-regs?
A. B cells A. FOXP3
B. Plasma B. CD3
C. T cells C. CD8
D. Red blood cells D. IgM

5.4 cytokines
1. Name the first naturally occurring cy- A. promote dormancy
tokines. B. promote cell elongation
A. Neoxanthin
C. promote parthenocarpic fruit forma-
B. Xanthoxin tion
C. Zeatin D. promote elongation of internodes
D. Isopentenyl adenine
3. Which of these can prevent the falling of
2. This is not a function of gibberellins leaves?

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5.4 cytokines 171

A. abscisic acid C. IL-6

B. cytokinins D. IL-17

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C. auxin 9. Gibberellins were named after a fungus
D. florigen known as
A. Gibberella acuminata
4. From the cells listed, which is the first
cell of the immune system to respond to B. Gibberella africana
a pathogenic microorganism? C. Gibberella fujikuroi
A. B cell D. Gibberella gaditijirrii
B. Helper T cell 10. Elongation or lengthening of rosette plants
C. Macrophage is obtained by treating it with
D. Cytotoxic T cell A. cytokinin
B. gibberellin
5. This is capable of delaying yellowing of
leaves C. zeatin

A. auxins D. auxin

B. ABA 11. is a coconut milk factor

C. cytokinins A. cytokinin
D. gibberellins B. morphactin
C. auxin
6. Which cytokine promotes the growth of all
hematopoetic multi-lineage precursor cells D. none of these
in bone marrow? 12. What is bolting?
A. IL-2 A. Internode elongation
B. IL-3 B. Rooting
C. IL-4 C. Shooting
D. IL-5 D. Shoot apical meristem

7. Which cytokine is made by several cells 13. Which of the following is considered an
and is considered an inhibitor of inflam- anti-inflammatory cytokine?
mation and also causes differentiation of A. INF-gamma
TH17 cells
B. IL-1b
A. TNF-alpha C. IL-4
B. TGF-beta D. IL-10
C. IL-7
14. Which of the following plant hormone is
D. IL-3 responsible for seed germination?
8. Which cytokine promotes humoral immu- A. Auxin
nity and is produced by Th2 cells? B. Gibberellin
A. INF-beta C. Ethylene
B. IL-4 D. Abscisic acid

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 5.5 Vaccination 172

15. What is a function of C-reactive protein 19. This causes delay in senescence
(CRP) as an acute phase reactant? A. ascorbic acid
A. Removes iron from gut
B. gibberellins
B. Modifies cholesterol metabolism
C. auxins
C. Promotes the activation of Comple-
ment D. cytokinins
D. Modulates wound healing response 20. What cytokine is produced by

NARAYAN CHANGDER
macrophages to induce liver production
16. What cytokine is produced by a plasmacy-
of acute phase proteins?
toid dendritic cell when it detects a virus
infected cell? This in turns “warns” neigh- A. IFN-b
boring cells of the virus attack. B. IL-5
A. Interferon-alpha
C. IL-6
B. Complement C3b
D. IL-7
C. IL-1beta
D. Interferon-gamma 21. Which chemokine is involved in recruiting
neutrophils to the extravascular space dur-
17. What cell type makes type I IFN’s? ing acute inflammation?
A. Mast cell A. CCL2 (MCP-1)
B. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell B. CXCL2 (MIP-2)
C. Monocyte C. CXCL8 (IL-8)
D. Neutrophil
D. none of above
18. Which cytokine is made by macrophages
and increases IFN-gamma production in NK 22. Which cytokine promotes cell-mediated im-
cells? munity and is produced by Th1 cells?

A. IL-1 A. INF-gamma
B. IL-4 B. IL-4
C. IL-10 C. IL-6
D. IL-12 D. IL-10

5.5 Vaccination
1. He belived that having cowpox gave peo- sponse to the vaccine?
ple from smallpox A. antigens
A. Immunity B. antibiotics
B. Vaccinaton C. antibodies
C. Innoculation D. the disease
D. Innocence
3. Typically contains an agent that resembles
2. The immune system produces what in re- a disease-causing microorganism and is of-

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5.5 Vaccination 173

ten made from weakened or killed forms 9. A living microbe with reduced virulence
of the microbe that is used for vaccination is considered

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A. inoculation
B. variolation A. conjugated
C. vaccine B. attenuated
D. immunisation C. an adjuvant

4. Small pox is a illness. D. a toxoid

A. Bacterial 10. The cells that are crucial to the adaptive
B. Viral immune response are
C. Autoimmune A. erythrocytes
D. Modern B. prokaryotes
5. The after effect in your body after you C. eukaryotes
have a vaccination D. leukocytes
A. inoculation
B. variolation 11. Widespread immunity that protects the
population from the spread of disease is
C. vaccine called
D. immunization A. cross-reactivity
6. Who are the people responsible for study- B. herd immunity
ing diseases all over the world?
C. an epidemic
A. nurses
D. seropositivity
B. physical therapists
C. infection control nurses 12. During what century was it obvious that
D. epidemiologists vaccinations had become safer and many
diseases were eradicated?
7. What insect was the main cause of yellow A. 19th
fever in the 20th century?
B. 20th
A. roaches
C. 14th
B. mosquitos
C. flies D. 16th

D. amoebas 13. We are used to vaccinations preventing in-

fectious disease, what other disease can it
8. What are the main working cells when it
prevent
comes to immune response?
A. antigens and antibodies A. genetic disorders

B. histamines and interferons B. headaches

C. B cells and T cells C. cancer
D. self and nonself D. fever

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5.5 Vaccination 174

14. Antibodies have what shape? 20. The scientific name for pertussis is
A. spherical shape A. tuberculosis
B. X-shaped B. whooping cough
C. Y-shaped
C. german measles
D. rod shaped
D. mumps
15. Are responsible for the immunity that of-
21. Involves the action of T lymphocytes and

NARAYAN CHANGDER
ten follows infection or vaccination.
phagocytes
A. Memory B lymphocytes
B. Plasma cells A. colonial selection

C. T lymphocytes B. clonal selection

D. Antigens C. humoral immunity

16. Protection provided by an individual’s own D. cell-mediated immunity

adaptive immune response.
22. General term for the introduction of an
A. probiotic immunity antigenic substance or vaccine into the
B. active immunity body to produce immunity to a specific dis-
C. passive immunity ease.
D. retroactive immunity A. inoculation

17. When the body launches an immune re- B. variolation

sponse against its own cells C. vaccine
A. HIV infection D. immunization
B. Cancer
23. DNA vaccines contain DNA that stimu-
C. Vaccination
lates cells to make antigens.
D. Autoimmune disease
A. human; protein
18. A chunk or subunit of a virus added to a
B. microbial; protein
vaccine is an example of
A. hepatitis B C. human, RNA

B. polio D. microbial; polysaccharides

C. tetanus
24. The purpose of a vaccination is
D. MMR
A. to stop an infection
19. The body’s non-specific immune response B. to convince our immune system to re-
to infection is spond with antibodies
A. pyroclastic
C. to spread the infection so everyone is
B. adaptive exposed
C. innate D. to make drug companies money and
D. intrinsic create jobs

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5.5 Vaccination 175

25. Protection provided to an individual by the B. conjugate

transfer of antibodies produced by another C. subunit
organism

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D. toxoid
A. probiotic immunity
31. What is used to cut out a specific region of
B. active immunity
DNA we want to use
C. passive immunity
A. scissors
D. retroactive immunity
B. restriction enzymes
26. The measles vaccine is a type called C. tape
A. killed D. water
B. attenuated 32. We also introduce the body to the toxins
C. toxoid a virus produces, an example of a vaccine
that uses this method is the
D. similar pathogen
A. tetanus
27. Specificity and immunological memory are
B. smallpox
both characteristics of the immune re-
sponse. C. MMR
A. pyroclastic D. polio
B. adaptive 33. A vaccination
C. innate A. Is a type of white blood cell that eats
D. intrinsic bacteria
B. Protects your body via needle or cap-
28. Polio is in a liquid and is considered what sule
kind of vaccine
C. Causes your body to react as if it had
A. killed met a pathogen
B. toxoid D. Is made up of collagen, and can be in
C. similar pathogen the form of gelatine
D. live 34. The “iron lung” was used for patients
with what disease?
29. he cowpox was a cousin to a similar pox
Edward Jenner was hoping to stop trans- A. whooping cough
mission, this method of vaccine develop- B. tuberculosis
ment is C. polio
A. similar pathogen D. diptheria
B. toxoid
35. Antibody-mediated immunity is also
C. attenuated known as
D. live A. colonial selection
30. A vaccine that contains parts of a virus or B. clonal selection
bacteria is called a vaccine. C. humoral immunity
A. live-attenuated D. cell-mediated immunity

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5.5 Vaccination 176

36. The method first used to immunize an indi- A. inoculation

vidual against smallpox (Variola) with ma-
terial taken from a patient or a recently B. variolation
variolated individual, in the hope that a C. vaccine
mild, but protective, infection would re-
sult. D. immunization

NARAYAN CHANGDER

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 PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE
6. Miscellenous

1. This presentation of activates the C. pigs

helper T lymphocytes of the adaptive im- D. none of above
mune response, linking the innate and
adaptive immune responses 5. Which of the following occurs after a virus
A. TLR’s attaches to a host cell in the viral repro-
duction process?
B. pathogens
A. The host cell dies
C. antibodies
B. The virus dies
D. antigens
C. The virus inserts its genetic informa-
2. CD 4 is associated with and CD8 with tion into the host cell
D. copies of the virus are immediately re-
A. Th, Tc leased from the host
B. Tc. Th
6. Substance tested for by Streptozyme
C. Th1, Th2 method
D. Ts, Th A. ASO
3. What color is your dress today B. H2O2
A. Red C. Peroxidase
B. Blue D. Catalase
C. Yellow 7. Which type of antigen-presenting molecule
D. Black is found on all nucleated cells?
A. MHC class 1
4. What types of cells do bacteriaphages in-
fect? B. MHC class 2
A. bacteria C. B cell receptor
B. humans D. antibodies

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 178

8. Rheumatoid factor is classically seen as a 14. are large cluster of lymphatic cells
A. IgM versus IgG found in the pharynx
B. IgG versus IgG A. adenoids
C. IgG versus IGM B. thymus
D. IgA verus IgG
C. lymph nodes
9. The antibody that exists as a pentamer D. tonsils

NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. IgG
B. IgE 15. Which of the following is NOT part of the
secondary immune response
C. IgD
D. IgM A. Inflammation

10. Which of the following is the first procedu- B. skin

ral step after an exposure incident? C. Fever
A. Contact the source patient
D. Phagocytosis
B. Stop operations immediately
C. Remove your gloves 16. The worst form of Immune system dis-
D. Wash your hands thoroughly eases is associated with

11. The first line of localized defense of the A. SCID

immune system is: B. HIV
A. lymphatic response
C. Hepatitis B
B. infection response
D. L mphoma
C. auto-immune response
D. inflammatory response 17. T cells recognise antigen
12. A protein present on the surface of red A. in its native form
blood cells that determines a person’s
blood type B. in solution in the plasma
A. LDL C. following presentation by pattern
B. Hypoglycemia recognition receptors

C. Blood antigen D. when presented on the surface of anti-

gen presenting cells
D. none of above
13. This line of defense forms a barrier that 18. The cells which provide signals to B cells
stops all “things” from getting into the for complete activation
body or blood
A. T regulatory
A. 1st line defense
B. T cytotoxic
B. 2nd line defense
C. 3rd line defense C. T helper
D. none of above D. All of the above

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 179

19. If one of your parents is blood type A and 24. A person who comes down with malaria
the other is type B, which of the following can infer that he or she contracted it from
blood types would you likely be?

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A. contaminated water supplies.
A. O
B. infection by the animallike protist Gia-
B. AB rdia.
C. A or B C. the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.
D. Any D. the bite of the tsetse fly.

20. The basic antibody unit is composed of 25. Mono spot or Mono latex detects this sub-
A. 2 identical heavy chains and 2 different stance
light chains A. Ab to bovine rbc membrane
B. 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical B. Ag to bovine rbc membrane
light chains
C. VCA IgM
C. 2 different heavy chains and 2 identical
light chains D. UVA IgG
D. 2 different heavy chains and 2 differ- 26. The release of substances enclosed within
ent light chains a vesicle to the outside of a cell. It occurs
by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma
21. CD4 T cells are generally restricted by
membrane
A. CD-1
A. Exocytosis
B. MHC class-I
B. Phagocytosis
C. MHC class-II
C. Endocytosis
D. β 2 microglobulin
D. Lysis
22. All of the following are ways that HIV can
be spread EXCEPT 27. Number of enzymes detected by Strep-
tozyme method
A. sharing needles for intravenous drug
use. A. 1

B. tending to another person’s bleeding B. 2

wound when you have a cut on your hand. C. 3
D. 5
C. using another person’s hairbrush.
D. having sex without a condom. 28. The role of is to issue specific stan-
dards to protect the health of employees
23. An inflammation reaction involves the in the United States.
A. release of histamines. A. HIPAA
B. agglutination of bacteria. B. CDC
C. production of immunoglobulin. C. OSHA
D. vaseconstriction of blood vessels. D. FDA

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 180

29. Cytotoxic T cells are B. Epidemic

A. antibodies. C. Pathogen
B. able to kill virus-infected cells. D. Virus
C. part of the humoral immune response. 35. Precipitation occurs when the is the
same.
D. part of the second line of the immune A. affinity
defence.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. avidity
30. This gland, located anterior to the heart, C. reactivity
but posterior to the sternum, is the lym-
phatic site where T cells are produced and D. specificity
mature: 36. Which of the following is NOT a first line
A. tonsils of defense of the non-specific (innate) im-
B. trachea mune system? These mechanisms prevent
pathogens from entering the body.
C. thymus
A. skin
D. thalamus
B. mucous membranes
31. All of the following are components of the C. fever
lymphatic system EXCEPT:
D. stomach acid
A. pancreas
B. tonsils 37. In immunity, antibodies are produced
after having encountered a pathogen or
C. spleen antigen.
D. nodes A. passive
32. Which blood type is the UNIVERSAL B. active
DONOR? C. direct
A. O+ D. indirect
B. O-
38. What immunoglobulin is involved in imme-
C. AB+ diate allergic responses?
D. AB- A. IgM
33. one of the results of immunity that we B. IgG
want is? C. IgE
A. autoimmune D. IgD
B. organ rejection
39. Heterophile antibody
C. hypersensitivity
A. Cross reacts with antigens from differ-
D. healing from infection ent species
34. An outbreak of a disease that can go B. Can’t stimulate ab but can react with it
worldwide.
A. Pandemic C. Causes allergic reactions

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 181

D. Reacts with more than one antigenic B. things like the skin and gastric juice
determinant C. antibody response

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40. What is the oxygen carrying protein in D. inflammatory response
blood?
46. Platelets are a part of blood that help in
A. hematocrit the:
B. hemopoesis A. formation of hemoglobin
C. hemoglobin B. formation of a clot
D. hemostasis C. release of anitbodies
41. Works with T cells, a type of white blood D. absorption of amino acids
cell that is key to the immune system’s
47. What type of horizontal gene transfer in-
ability to fight off infection and disease
volves viruses?
A. Vitamin E
A. conjugation
B. Vitamin C
B. transformation
C. Vitamin A
C. transduction
D. Vitamin D
D. replication
42. Only ab to cross placenta 48. Which of the following helps Bacteria to
A. IgG Fight Pathogen.
B. IgM A. MHC
C. IgA B. Dscam
D. IgE C. CRISPA

43. Allergies are a natural form of self- D. TCF

defense 49. Slows the replication of bacteria and
A. Right viruses by shifting the temperature away
from their optimal range, and so allows
B. Salah
more time for other defences to inter-
C. I ‘ve no idea vene.
D. none of above A. Histamine
44. Vaccines stimulate the body to produce B. Inflammation
C. Fever
A. autoimmune diseases D. Cytokine
B. helper t-cells
50. Louis Pasteur also showed that micro-
C. fever organisms (’germs’) did not generate.
D. antibodies A. swimmingly
45. The first line of defense of the immune sys- B. sadly
tem is: C. spontaneously
A. lymphatic response D. specifically

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 182

51. Significant titer 57. The process of “eating” or engulfing cells

A. four fold rise A. Phagocytosis
B. four fold drop
B. Macrophage
C. 2 dilution rise or fall
C. Septicemia
D. all of the above are true
D. Pathogen
52. Attack the infected host cell, instead of
pathogens.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
58. Which of the following is NOT a “non-
A. NK cells specific defense” used to fight against in-
B. Mast cells fection.

C. Phagocytes A. Mucus
D. Granulocytes B. Saliva
53. These cells are known to process antigen C. Skin
prior to the humoral response
D. B-cells
A. Dendritic cells
B. Macrophasges 59. What microbe is used to create penicillin,
which is an antibiotic?
C. Dendrtic cell and macrophages
D. Tc lymphocytes A. Virus

54. Which of the following binds to mast B. Fungi

cells? C. Protist
A. C3a and C3b
D. Bacteria
B. C3a and C5a
C. C4a and and C4b 60. A substance that induces a specific immune
response
D. C5 and C6
A. Immunogen
55. A syndrome caused by HIV. It is when a
person’s immune system is too weak to B. Antigen
fight off many infections
C. Hapten
A. AIDS
D. Lymphocytes
B. SARS
C. Ebola 61. Immunoelectrophoresis techniques are de-
D. Zika signed to separate the mixture compo-
nents from each other by using elec-
56. Which is the major immunoglobulin in trophoresis:
terms of concentration
A. prior to reaction with antibody.
A. IgG
B. prior to reaction with antigen.
B. IgA
C. IgM C. after reaction with antibody.
D. IgD D. after reaction with antigen.

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 183

62. Viruses and bacteria are common types of C. the use of antibiotics.
D. the presence of cilia on some cells.

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A. pathogens
68. Which blood cells increases in cases of par-
B. immunologies asitism and allergy?
C. allergic reactions A. basophil
D. histamines B. eosinophil
63. Classical pathway Complement C5 conver- C. lymphocyte
tase D. monocyte
A. scribble
69. Which of the following is correct about T
B. Q4ba helper cells
C. heel A. Has CD8 protein
D. Q4 I’m playing B. bind to antigen at MHC class II
64. T cell interacts with APCs in in C. secretes perforin
A. Follicle, Spleen D. none of above
B. PALS, Spleen 70. T cells recognise antigen
C. PALS, Lymph node A. In a 3 dimensional form
D. Follicle, Lymph node B. In solution in the plasma

65. The immune response that defends against C. When presented on the surface of anti-
antigens in body fluids, such as blood and gen presenting cells
lymph, is called D. Following presentation by pattern
A. inflammatory response recognition receptors

B. interferons 71. A deficiency in hemoglobin or red blood

cells.
C. humoral response
A. anemia
D. cell mediate response
B. polycythemia
66. A lipoprotein, consisting of protein and
C. leukemia
cholesterol, that picks up cholesterol and
delivers it to the cells D. leukocytosis
A. Antigen 72. Which practice contributes to the antibiotic
B. LDL resistance of bacteria?
C. HDL A. failing to cover open cuts
D. none of above B. taking only part of a prescribed antibi-
otic
67. First-line defence mechanisms in humans C. completing an entire antibiotic pre-
include scription
A. development of fever. D. toring medicine and antibiotic prod-
B. the action of phagocytes. ucts improperly

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 184

73. It is when a cell engulfs a solid particle to 79. A cancer of the bone marrow that causes
form an internal compartment an over production of white blood cells
A. Cytokine release A. leukopenia
B. Inflammatory reaction B. polycythemia
C. Phagocytosis C. anemia
D. Apoptosis D. leukemia

NARAYAN CHANGDER
74. Which of the following polypeptide is im- 80. Which pair correctly matches a vector and
portant for the expression of MHC I on the the infectious disease it carries?
cell membrane?
A. human-influenza
A. Interferons
B. opossum-rabies
B. β 2-microglobin
C. mosquito-malaria
C. Lymphokines
D. flea-Lyme disease
D. Interleukins
81. The antibody that is usually seen in secre-
75. Provide an entry point for pathogens into tions
plants
A. IgA
A. stomata
B. IgD
B. roots
C. IgM
C. leaves
D. IgE
D. petals
82. Demonstrable events during antigen-
76. Which is NOT an example of direct trans-
antibody reactions take place during
fer?
A. primary stage
A. Person to person
B. Animal to person B. secondary stage

C. Mother to unborn child C. tertiary stage

D. Touching the bathroom sink D. quaternary stage

77. What four types of pathogens are there? 83. Which leukocyte produces antibodies?
A. Bacteria, vector, fungi and protist A. lymphocytes
B. Bacteria, virus, vector and protist B. monocytes
C. Bacteria, virus, fungi and vector C. eosinophils
D. Bacteria, virus, fungi and protist D. basophils

78. The primary function of mast cells is to 84. The blood is stained with:
A. produce immunoglobulins A. Safranin
B. phagocyte microbial cells B. Carbol fuchsine
C. initiate haematopoiesis C. Leishman stain
D. releasing pro-inflammatory mediators D. Methylene blue

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 185

85. This specialized line of defense specifically C. nucleic acids

fights the particular pathogen involved. D. All of the above

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A. 1st line of defense
91. A substance that is capable of combining
B. 2nd line of defense with an antigen, resulting in an antigen-
C. 3rd line of defense antibody reaction
D. none of above A. Antibody

86. Present self or non-self antigens to T lym- B. Antigen

phocytes C. Blood Antigen
A. toll-like receptors (TLRs) D. none of above
B. pathogen-associated molecular pat-
92. What moves until the optimum concentra-
terns (PAMPs)
tion is formed to create a lattice?
C. major histocompatibility (MHC) pro-
A. an antigen
teins
B. an antibody
D. peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacte-
ria, TLR-4 C. both
D. none of above
87. Cells that have the main function as APC
A. cell dendritic 93. Which of the following is NOT true of au-
toimmune diseases
B. eosinophil
A. the immune system targets “self”
C. basophils
B. the immune system has been deacti-
D. monocytes
vated
88. What part of blood is 55% of whole C. the immune system has over active cy-
blood? totoxic T cells
A. Red Blood Cells D. mutliple sclerosis is an autoimmune
B. White Blood Cells disease
C. Platelets 94. Which disease is caused by a virus and
D. Plasma causes muscle aches and a high fever?
A. Influenza
89. This is used to PREVENT disease and infec-
tion. B. Cold
A. antibiotics C. Strep Throat
B. vaccines D. Athletes foot
C. over the counter medication 95. BSA can act as
D. protein shakes A. A hapten
90. Antigens can be B. A carrier protein
A. Proteins C. An antibody
B. Carbohydrates D. A flocculant

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 186

96. The first tenet of clonal selection theory C. T-cell receptor

relies SPECIFICALLY on D. B-cell receptor
A. combinatorial joinings.
102. Cellular agents capable of causing infec-
B. somatic mutations. tion of body cells include
C. variations in the splicing process. A. prions.
D. B-cell clones. B. toxins.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
97. The region inside the cell membrane of a C. DNA viruses.
bacterium D. Gram-negative bacteria.
A. bacteria
103. What are the two types of immunity?
B. endospore
A. Adaptive, Innate
C. cytoplasm
B. Active, adaptive
D. decomposers
C. Inactive, Innate
98. What are the immune cells found in the D. Acquired, Inactive
bloodstream called?
104. When you replace a persons immune sys-
A. White blood cells.
tem it is called immunity
B. Red blood cells. A. Adoptive
C. platelets B. Adaptive
D. plasma C. Acquired
99. What is the role of white blood cells? D. Innate or natural
A. To transport oxygen around the body 105. The basic immunoglobulin (Ig) unit is com-
B. To protect the body against pathogens posed of:
A. Two identical heavy and two identical
C. To produce pain killers light chains
D. To aid the clotting of the blood B. Two identical heavy and two different
light chains
100. An microbe that enters an organism and
C. Two different heavy and two identical
causes disease or sickness is called a/an:
light chains
A. macrophage
D. Two different heavy and two different
B. pathogen light chains
C. vaccine
106. Which of the following cells would NOT
D. flu be found in a germinal center in a lymph
node?
101. Which type of antigen-presenting
molecule is found only on macrophages, A. dendritic cells
dendritic cells, and B cells? B. B lymphocytes
A. MHC class 1 C. plasma cells
B. MHC class 2 D. monocytes

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 187

107. What is in a vaccine that helps your im- C. substance made by B cells
mune system fight a particular pathogen? D. chemical that makes the immune cells

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A. antigens divide
B. the actual disease (whole bacteria or
113. make you sick by multiple times
virus)
inside healthy cells, causing them to ex-
C. antibiotic medicine plode.
D. candy A. Viruses, replicating
108. An adjuvant B. Bacteria, replicating
A. Can reduce the antigenicity of a sub- C. Viruses, releasing toxins
stance D. Bacteria, releasing toxins
B. Can enhance the autoimmunity in Fe-
males 114. A genetic disease in which there is an in-
ability of the blood to clot properly.
C. Can increase the antigenicity of a sub-
stance A. erythroblastosis
D. All of the options B. leukemia
C. plateletemia
109. Where is blood made?
D. hemophilia
A. Compact Bone
B. Spongy Bone 115. Cells with particular morphology involv-
C. Bone Marrow ing long cellular extensions

D. Liver A. Erythrocytes
B. Dendritic cells
110. Which disease would be treated with
penicillin? C. Neutrophils
A. Chickenpox D. Mast cells
B. Diabetes 116. What part of a virus is the protein
C. Cancer capsule that houses the genetic material
(DNA/RNA)?
D. Strep Throat
A. tail
111. Having this indicates immunity to Hepati-
tis B B. nucleus

A. HBc total C. capsid

B. HBc IgM D. glycoprotein
C. HBs ab 117. The precursor cells of erythrocytes (red
D. HBs ag blood cells) are called:
A. Mast cells
112. What is an antigen?
B. Reticulocytes
A. a protein that triggers an immune re-
sponse C. NK cells
B. “hand cuffs” for pathogen D. Leukocytes

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 188

118. When a virus is latent and inserts its DNA C. Hodgkins

into the host cells genome, we call this D. Non Hodgkins
what phase?
A. Lysogenic 124. Which formed elements are cell frag-
ments?
B. Lytic
A. platelets
C. Both lysogenic and lytic
B. red blood cells
D. None of the above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. plasma
119. What do viruses need to reproduce?
D. white blood cells
A. they need genetic material
B. They need a host cell 125. Which of the following is considered per-
sonal protective equipment (PPE) that the
C. They need bacteria employer should provide free of charge to
D. They need insulin the employee?

120. Which of the following is not true of his- A. Protective eyewear

tamine? B. Shoes
A. it makes blood vessels leakier C. TB skin test
B. it allows immune system cells to travel D. Ultrasonic cleaner
to damaged tissue faster
C. large amounts can cause anaphylactic 126. Clumping of blood cells
shock in some people A. B and C
D. it constricts blood vessels B. Analyte
121. What kind of cells produce antibodies? C. Agglutination (as it pertains to blood)
A. Neutrophils D. Chemistry
B. T cells 127. what is not true about APC?
C. B cells A. activate T helper cells
D. NK cells B. APCs include macrophages, dendritic
122. One of the following plays the major role cells, & B cells
in humoral immunity. C. APC bind to antigen
A. bladder D. may triggered cell mediated immune
B. pathogens response
C. B cells 128. Which of the following is a non-specific
D. none of the above immune response?
A. Helper T cells
123. This commonly has a monoclonal spike in
the gamma region of a SPEP B. Killer Lymphocytes
A. Multiple myeloma C. Skin
B. SCID D. B cells

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 189

129. How are infectious diseases spread? 135. Cancer of the white blood cells is known
A. through coughing, sneezing, or physi- as

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cal contact A. erythroblastosis
B. through contaminated water and food B. anemia
C. leukemia
C. by infected animals
D. all of the above D. hematopoiesis

130. Which disease is not caused by bacteria? 136. Why do epidemics not occur as frequently
A. Strep throat now versus 100 years ago?
B. Pneumonia A. Immunizations/Vaccinations
C. Food poisoning B. New medicines
D. Influenza (the Flu) C. Better hygiene
131. Agarose, a porous matrix used in various D. none of above
molecular biology techniques, is made by
repetitive units of: 137. Bacteria are prokaryotes which means
A. Maltose they
B. Agarobiose A. have a nucleus in their capsule
C. Agar B. do not contain a nucleus
D. None of these C. can live in environments with and with-
132. liquid portion of the blood out oxygen
A. leukocytes D. none of above
B. erthryocytes
138. Pneumocystis pneumonia is an oppor-
C. plasma tunistic fungal infection that frequently be-
D. thrombin gins occuring in patients with less than
helpter T cells.
133. Antibiotics fight infections by
A. 100
A. preventing viruses from replicating.
B. killing bacteria B. 200

C. killing infected cells C. 500

D. growing green mold that inhibits bac- D. 1200
terial growth
139. How does a virus cause a person to de-
134. What are macrophages? velop the common cold?
A. large cells that engulf bacteria
A. invades the host cell to reproduce
B. phagocytic cells that attack worms
B. removes energy from the host cell
C. proteins released by infected cells to
destroy viruses and cancer cells C. produces toxins in the host cell
D. mast cells that release histamines D. protects the host cell from bacteria

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 190

140. Majority of antigens are 146. Infectious disease spread in a small re-
A. Protein gion is called a
B. nucleic acids A. Infectious disease
C. carbohydrates B. Mutation
D. lipids C. Epidemic

141. When an individual encounters the same D. Pandemic

pathogen for a second time and principally

NARAYAN CHANGDER
147. What triggers the production ofantibod-
involve: ies
A. NK and Macrophages
A. an antigen
B. B and Dendritic Cells
B. an antibody
C. B and T cells
C. phagocytes
D. T cells
D. none of above
142. White blood cells that are involved in the
third line of defence of the immune system 148. is a measure of the strength of the
include binding of 1 Fab region with its corre-
sponding epitope on the antigen.
A. mast cells.
A. Affinity
B. eosinophils.
C. lymphocytes. B. Avidity

D. macrophages. C. Equivalence
D. Post zone
143. Cell mediated immune response is trig-
gered by? 149. What is passive immunity?
A. Antibodies A. a type of general protection that hu-
B. T cell mans have. Many of the germs that affect
C. B cell other species don’t harm us.

D. I don’t know B. immunity that is “borrowed” from an-

other source and it lasts for a short time
144. The “most” infectious period in Heptatis
infection is seen with the presence of this
C. This type of immunity develops
A. HBs ag throughout our lives
B. HBe ag D. none of above
C. HBc IgM
150. A medical professional may recommend
D. HBe ab the following treatment for a bacterial in-
145. Act like a name tag for pathogens. fection:
A. Chemokines A. Use of antibiotics
B. Cytokines B. Use of inflammatory response
C. Antigens C. Use of antiviral medication
D. White blood cell D. None of the choices are correct

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 191

151. Choose the correct statements about B. septic shock

adaptive immunity C. antihistamine response

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A. Involve humoral response and cell me-
D. Inflammatory response
diated response
B. Prevent most pathogens from entering 157. What part of blood is responsible for car-
body rying wastes, nutrients, and minerals?
C. Consist of external physical barrier A. Red Blood Cells
and internal cellular and chemical de- B. White Blood Cells
fenses
C. Platelets
D. non specific
D. Plasma
152. What is the single most effective way to
break the chain of infection? 158. Reasons that viruses are considered to be
nonliving is because
A. handwashing
B. sterilization A. They are not cellular

C. cleaning surfaces B. They cannot reproduce on their own

D. nutrition C. They cannot make proteins

D. all of the above
153. Innate immunity includes
A. Inborn immunity 159. If the antigen has an A epitope and the
antibody is Anti A, what type of pattern
B. Humoral immunity
will it have?
C. Artificial immunity
A. Pattern of Identity
D. Temporary immunity
B. Pattern of Partial Identity
154. Activation of complement factors that C. Pattern of Non-Identity
stick to the surface of pathogens:
D. none of above
A. Opsonization
B. Phagocytosis 160. A molecule that induces or elicits an im-
mune response are
C. Cytokine release
A. Antigen
D. Apoptosis
B. Antibodies
155. The form in which carbohydrate is stored
in the body C. Epitope

A. Antibody D. Immunogen
B. Glycogen 161. The measure of Red Blood Cells in a sam-
C. Analyte ple
D. none of above A. hemoglobin
B. erythropoesis
156. Pain and swelling in an injured area is
called the C. anemia
A. B Cell resistance D. hematocrit

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 192

162. First-line defences that mammals have 168. Which part of human blood carries hor-
against invasion by disease-causing bacte- mones and nutrients?
ria include A. plasma
A. lysozymes. B. platelets
B. interferons. C. red blood cells
C. antibodies. D. white blood cells
D. cytotoxic T cell. 169. Agranulocyte-Largest wbc, powerful

NARAYAN CHANGDER
phagocyte, mature into macrophages,
163. Mast cells and basophils are both
A. Neutrophil
A. Lymphocytes
B. Lymphocyte
B. Stem cells
C. Monocyte
C. Granulocytes
D. Eosinophil
D. Lymphoid precursors
170. What is the name of MHC in humans? a)
164. The marker antibody for SLE HLA b) H2 c) Adjuvants d) Haplotype
A. RNP A. HLA
B. SSA B. H2
C. SSB C. Adjuvants

D. Smith D. Haplotype
171. A visible, nonreversible precipitation oc-
165. An array of more than 30 proteins that curs at the
circulate in the blood and are able to help
kill foreign cells A. zone of equivalence

A. Complement B. zone of antigen excess

C. zone of antibody excess
B. Cytokine
D. none of above
C. interferon
D. Defenson 172. Centromere pattern is seen in
A. CREST
166. What type of cell does HIV destroy?
B. SLE
A. b-helper cell C. RA
B. WBC D. all of the above
C. T-helper cells
173. The radial immunodiffusion test quanti-
D. RBc fies antigen by mixing into a gel and
then allowing antigen to diffuse out from
167. MAC complex in Complement a well cut in the gel.
A. C4B2a3b A. serum
B. C3BBb3bP B. antiserum
C. C5b678 C. Both serum and antiserum
D. C9 D. none of above

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 193

174. He developed the first vaccine using cow C. purple

pox to inoculate against small pox-1790s
D. green

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A. John Gaunt
180. Viral diseases can be
B. Robert Koch
C. Louis Pasteur A. treated with antivirals and prevented
with vaccines.
D. Edward Jenner
B. treated with vaccines and prevented
175. What pathogen causes West Nile, In- with antibiotics.
fluenza, and the common cold? C. prevented with antibiotics but not
A. bacteria treated with vaccines.
B. fungi D. prevented with antibiotics but not
C. viruses treated with vaccines.

D. prions 181. Which of the following is a function of the

lymph nodes?
176. The lymphatic system
A. filter harmful substances from the tis-
A. controls blood clotting.
sues
B. contains red blood cells.
B. destroys old red blood cells
C. has vessels with thick, muscular walls.
C. both are correct

D. contains phagocytic cells. D. none of the above

177. what is the difference between B cells re- 182. of thymocytes is necessary to pro-
ceptors and antibody? duce a T-cell repertoire capable of interact-
ing with self-MHC molecules.
A. antibody doesn’t has transmembranne
region A. Positive selection
B. antibody has variable region B. Negative selection
C. B cells receptor made up 4 polypeptide C. Receptor editing
chains
D. Isotype switching
D. none of above
183. A person who has received a vaccine
178. The classical pathway of complement sys- against polio
tem involves
A. is able to produce antibodies against
A. Antibody polio.
B. Only C1 complement protein B. is more susceptible to the polio virus
C. T cells than someone who has not had the vac-
D. Neutrophils cine.
C. has polio antibodies in the blood-
179. Gram positive cells stain stream.
A. blue D. has antipolio killer T cells in the blood-
B. pink stream.

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 194

184. Bacteria reproduce asexually by C. IgM

A. spores D. IgE
B. conjugation 190. A complex molecule consisting of protein
C. fixation and a lipid fraction such as cholesterol.
D. binary fission Lipoproteins function in transporting lipids
in the blood
185. B-cells and T-cells are examples of A. Lipoprotein
which help fight against infection.

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. HDL
A. non-specific defenses
C. Antibody
B. specific defenses
D. LDL
C. active immunity defense
D. passive immunity defense 191. Which of the following are the most rare
type of circulating wbc?
186. Granuloctye-most abundant, 1st on the
A. Monocytes
scene, phagocytic, born in the bone mar-
row, attack all viruses and bacteria, de- B. Neutrophils
stroy damaged tissue and bacteria. They C. Basophils
self destruct after one burst of activity.
D. Eosinophils
A. neutrophil
192. The cells derived from lymphoid as well
B. basophil
as myeloid lineage of HSC are
C. eosinophil
A. DC
D. monocyte
B. APC
187. A substance capable of stimulating the C. LC
formation of antibodies
D. Macrophages
A. Lipoprotein
193. This gland, located in the upper portion
B. Antigen
of the chest, is the lymphatic site where T
C. Antibody cells are produced and mature:
D. none of above A. tonsils
188. Peyer’s patches are found in B. trachea
A. Bone marrow C. thymus
B. Thymus D. thalamus
C. SALT 194. Which viruses have single-stranded RNA
D. MALT that acts as a template for DNA synthe-
sis?
189. Which of the following types of antibody
is the most effective in an agglutination A. viroids
test? B. retroviruses
A. IgG C. bacteriophages
B. IgD D. proviruses

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 195

195. DNP is 201. Viruses need a cell in order to copy

A. The hapten themselves.
A. big

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B. An Adjuvant
B. infected
C. A flocculant
C. host
D. None of the above
D. lot
196. An anti-antibody is an antibody directed
against which of the following? 202. T cells and B cells

A. a large, complex antigen A. are of myeloid origin

B. They belong to the innate immune re-
B. two or more different antigens
sponse
C. another antibody molecule
C. They recognize DAMPs
D. an antigen found on normal body cells D. are of lymphoid origin
197. What are the two parts of a virus? 203. Failure to wash ELISA tests causes
A. DNA and a protein coat (capsid) A. false pos
B. Nucleic Acid and a Nucleus B. false neg
C. Cell membrane and mitochondria C. no effect
D. Chloroplast and a cell wall D. variable effects depending on patient
198. B-cells do which of the following? 204. The complement system functions with
A. Act as antigen-processing cells the following mechanism?
A. Opsonization
B. Respond to antigens by making anti-
bodies B. Cytolysis
C. Proliferate and differentiate into C. Inflammation
plasma cells D. All of the above
D. All of the above 205. Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by
199. A complete antigen is capable of lysing?
A. lytic
A. inducing an immune response
B. mitosis
B. can interact with antibodies
C. lysogenic
C. induces antibody production
D. S phase
D. all of these
206. subtance called cannot induce immune
200. In the ABO blood system, the basic struc- response in their native form because of
ture of which antigen is common in all their low molecular weight and their chem-
three antigens? ical simplicity.
A. A A. Hapten
B. B B. Antigen
C. O C. Adjuvant
D. None of these D. Antibody

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 196

207. An organism (or similar substance) that 212. Another name for white blood cells
enters another life form and causes dis- A. Lymphocyte
ease or sickness is a/an:
B. Leukocyte
A. macrophage
C. Erythrocye
B. pathogen
D. none of above
C. vaccine
213. A preparation of a substance that can be
D. antibody injected that stimulates the production of

NARAYAN CHANGDER
antibodies is called a(n):
208. Why is it important to thoroughly wash
your hands after touching raw meat? A. histamine

A. Staphylococcus aureus B. antibody

C. pathogen
B. Clostridium botulinum
D. vaccine
C. Salmonella
D. Streptococcus pyogenes 214. Acidity in human sweat is an example of

209. The most common type of leukocyte, A. Adaptive immunity

which functions to phagocytize bacteria B. Innate immunity
and other substances and forms pus?
C. Cell-mediated immunity
A. lymphocyte
D. Antibody-mediated immunity
B. macrophage
215. Commensalism is
C. neutrophil
A. Positive interaction
D. thrombocyte
B. Negative interaction
210. Which sentence best describes a pan- C. Neutral
demic? D. None of the above
A. The disease causes high fever and
vomiting. 216. Which of the following cell types is
not considered a professional antigen-
B. he disease passes through direct con- presenting cell?
tact with an infected person.
A. macrophage
C. The disease is fatal if not treated im- B. neutrophil
mediately.
C. B cell
D. The disease has spread to every coun-
try in the northern hemisphere. D. dendritic cell
217. Which is Not a First Line of Defense for
211. Neutrophils release: the body against pathogens?
A. Defensins A. Skin
B. NOS B. Stomach Acid digesting
C. TNF C. Saliva
D. All of them D. Antibodies

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 197

218. When a doctor prescribes you antibiotics, C. interferon response

why is it important to take the medication
D. None of the above responses are cor-
for the amount of time you are told?

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rect
A. It’s the law.
B. Otherwise, the bacteria could develop 223. The test strain in the FTA abs test is
a resistance. called
C. It’s not actually important. A. Nichols
D. Otherwise, viruses could develop a re- B. Reiters
sistance.
C. Crithidial
219. Waste that has had contact with blood D. Treponeme
or other body fluids is considered contam-
inated and is disposed of as which of the 224. What is a protective y-shaped protein
following types of waste in most states? produced by the immune system?
A. Hazardous A. Antibody
B. Contaminated
B. Antibiotic
C. General
C. Antigen
D. Biohazard
D. Antimicrobial
220. White blood cells are immune cells
that are present in blood and other tis- 225. In the Ouchterlony Double Diffusion,
sues. Leukocytes have pattern recognition
A. only the antigen will diffuse.
molecules that react to
A. toll-like receptors (TLRs) B. only the antibody will diffuse.
B. leukocytes C. neither antigen nor antibody will dif-
fuse.
C. pathogen-associated molecular pat-
terns (PAMPs) D. both antigen and antibody will diffuse.
D. erythrocytes
226. Which of these is an animal virus?
221. People who have common allergies often A. Tobacco mosaic virus
display symptoms when are released
inside their body. B. bacteriophage
A. toxins C. influenza
B. histamines D. none of above
C. interferons
227. Acceptance of innate immunity is not al-
D. phagocytes
ways accompanied by adaptive immunity
222. This reaction may cause sneezing, wa- A. autoimmune
tery eyes, and cough in response to a for-
eign substance: B. rejection of organ transplants
A. immune response C. hypersensitivity
B. allergic response D. healing from infection

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 198

228. The change of IgM production to IgG pro- 234. A city has an outbreak of a disease that
duction is called affects an unusually large portion of its
A. Cytokine release population at the same time. Which term
best describes the outbreak?
B. Antibody production
A. pandemic
C. Isotype switching
B. plague
D. Immune cell development
C. infection

NARAYAN CHANGDER
229. Where does hemopoesis occur?
D. epidemic
A. Yellow marrow
B. red marrow 235. The first line of defense against foreign
C. inside muscles invaders is the system.

D. inside blood vessels A. respiratory

B. digestive
230. The lymphoid progenitor cell is capable of
differentiating into: C. integumentary
A. Monocytes D. lymphatic
B. Dendritic Cell
236. Which of the following is/are true about
C. NK cell antibody structure?
D. Macrophages A. They are made of four polypeptides
231. All of these are specific treponemal tests B. The variable region is recognised by
except phagocytes
A. FTA abs test C. The constant region is where the anti-
B. Trepsure gen binds
C. TPPA D. The heavy chains only contain constant
D. RPR/VDRL regions

232. One confirmatory test for ANA specific 237. HBig or hepatitis immune globulin shot is
DNA autoab’s in lupus is to do A. Artificially passive
A. ENA testing
B. Artificially active
B. Crithidial staining of kinetoplast
C. Naturally passive
C. Centromere testing
D. Naturally active
D. Anti cytoplasmic staining
238. A T lymphocyte which has not encoun-
233. A substance that is being identified or
tered an antigen yet
measured in a lab test
A. Antigen A. Novice

B. Antibody B. Small
C. Analyte C. Stem
D. none of above D. Naive

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 199

239. Name given to any type of cell that en- B. a solution of an antigen
gulf and destroy viruses and bacteria
C. a solution of antibodies

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A. Phagocytes
D. red blood cells
B. Neutrophils
C. Mast cells 245. A substance or molecule that interact
with antibodies are called
D. Eosinophils
A. Antigens
240. Vaccines are produced from killed or
B. Antibodies
weakened
C. Epitope
A. phagocytes
B. pathogens D. Immunogen

C. helper T cells 246. Epithelial cells line the skin, as well as

D. B cells the respiratory, gastrointestinal and uro-
genital tracts as part of the barrier.
241. Cytotoxic T cells have the potential to rec-
A. lysosomal
ognize peptides presented by
A. only epithelial cells via MHC-I B. microbiological
molecules C. chemical
B. only epithelial cells via MHC-II D. physical
molecules
C. cells nucleated through MHC-II 247. The sporozoan Plasmodium causes the
molecules disease known as

D. cells nucleated through MHC-I A. African sleeping sickness.

molecules B. amebic dysentery.
242. Caffeine and tannins found in plants C. malaria.
A. toxic to insects and fungi D. algal bloom.
B. enzymes that disrupt cell membranes
248. The part of adaptive immunity that acti-
of fungi
vates the complement system is?
C. repel insects
A. antibodies
D. neurotransmitters
B. parasite
243. The normal ratio of Th /:Ts is
C. bacteria
A. 2:1
D. mast cell
B. 1:2
C. 4:1 249. What does a vaccine do?

D. 3:1 A. Gives you immunity

B. Gets you sick
244. Immunodiffusion does NOT require which
of the following? C. Cures you
A. an agar plate D. Kills you

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 200

250. A type of medicine used to treat (cure) 255. B cells produce

bacterial infections. A. thymus cells
A. ibuprofen B. white blood cells
B. vaccines C. antigens
C. antibiotics D. antibodies

D. pills 256. Rocket Immunodiffusion is also known

as:

NARAYAN CHANGDER
251. Which of the following immunity is ob- A. Gel diffusion
tained during a lifetime?
B. Electroimmunodiffusion
A. Acquired immunity C. Double-diffusion
B. Active immunity D. All of these
C. Passive immunity 257. A virus can be classified by its type of
D. none A. mitochondria
B. chromosomes
252. Titer is defined as
C. nucleic acid
A. greatest dilution showing the pres-
ence of a substance being measured D. carbohydrates

B. lowest dilution showing the presence 258. If a disease is caused by a bacteria then
of what is being detected
C. A single significant value A. the disease cannot be treated
B. the person will always die
D. The difference in titer between a pre
and post titer C. the disease can be treated with vita-
mins
253. A type of cell that “digests” pathogens D. the disease can be treated with antibi-
is known as a/an: otics
A. helper T cell 259. The type of disorder where body reacts
B. macrophage against harmless antigens that are not
pathogenic is known as a/n
C. suppressor T cell
A. allergy
D. plasma cell
B. autoimmune disorder
254. Affects the spinal cord leaving many in- C. immunodeficiency
fected individuals paralyzed, infection rate D. pneumonia
dropped by 99% when vaccine was intro-
duced in 1955. 260. Variable region of antibodies are located
on
A. polio
A. Fc portion
B. measles B. Constant region
C. pertussis C. Fab portion
D. tetanus D. Light chains only

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 201

261. Hassall’s corpuscles are located in D. you got your mother’s antibodies at
A. Thymus birth

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B. Spleen 267. Larry is taking a walk in the park. The
C. Lymph Node pollen in the air makes him sneeze con-
stantly. What line of defense is his im-
D. Bone Marrow mune system exhibiting?
262. A blood cell that destroys pathogens by A. first line of defense
engulfing them and breaking them down is B. second line of defense
a:
C. third line of defense
A. Erythrocyte
D. fourth line of defense
B. Phagocyte
C. Lymphocyte 268. What category of immune response
would sneezing fall under?
D. Thrombocyte
A. Innate Immunity
263. What is needed for a virus to reproduce B. Acquired Immunity
and survive?
C. Humoral Immunity
A. Food
D. Cell Mediated Immunity
B. Water
C. Host 269. NK [natural killer] cells recognise a nor-
mal host cell by the presence of and
D. none of above does not elicit an attack
264. What do vaccines introduce into our bod- A. lysosome
ies? B. MHC-I
A. Live microbes. C. T lymphocytes
B. Dead or modified microbes. D. PAMP
C. Antibodies
270. You have AIDS after what has hap-
D. none of above pened?
265. Virus replication may be slowed down by A. you have opportunistic diseases and t-
the chemical: helper cells go below 300
A. interferon B. you test positive for HIV
B. histamine C. you have pneumonia
C. plasma cell D. you have opportunistic diseases and t-
D. antibodies helper cells are below 200

266. How does a person get immunity through 271. The inflammatory response can cause
PASSIVE immunity? A. permanent immunity.
A. you have been infected B. pain, swelling and fever.
B. you have been vaccinated C. antibodies to bind to antigens.
C. you made antibodies D. killer T cells to attack infected cells.

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 202

272. what is the major organ in the body in B. Cytotoxic T cells to become activated
which antibodies are sythesized and re- C. B and T cells to create memory cells
leased into circulation?
D. Blood vessels to dilate and leak fluid
A. Bone marrow and WBC’s
B. The spleen
278. What do killer T-cells do?
C. Thymus gland
A. Kill all of the helper T-cells.
D. none of above

NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Create antibodies to be produced into
273. makes a cell susceptible to the attack the blood stream.
of NK. C. Destroy cells that have been infected.
A. Absence of MHC 1 D. none of above
B. Presence of MHC 1
279. Physical, chemical and microbiological
C. TCR barriers provide
D. MAC A. inflammation response
274. The pattern of non-identity is observed B. innate immunity
in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion only if: C. conferred immunity
A. the two antigens are immunologically D. vaccination reaction
unrelated.
280. Which of the following diseases is pre-
B. the two antigens are partially identical.
vented with a vaccine when individuals
travel to tropical countries?
C. the two antigens are immunologically
A. Tuberculosis
identical.
B. Smallpox
D. None of these
C. Malaria
275. If a red blood cell has no antigens on its
D. Influenza
surface, what is its blood type?
A. A 281. Immunity allows the body to resist dis-
ease and prevents foreign bodies from
B. B
causing:
C. AB
A. susceptibility
D. O
B. immunity
276. HIV can be spread by: C. infection
A. Blood to blood contact D. heredity
B. sexual contact 282. The secretory ab found in mucous mem-
C. breastmilk branes
D. all of these A. IgG

277. Histamines directly cause: B. IgM

A. Helper T cells to mark pathogens for C. IgA

destruction D. IgE

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 203

283. Which of the following is an immunodif- 289. The first line of defense against antigen
fusion test? is the system.
A. respiratory

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A. Double diffusion
B. Ouchterlony technique B. digestive
C. Gel diffusion C. integumentary
D. lymphatic
D. All of these
290. The process that involves steps to stop
284. Immunity divided into bleeding from an injured blood vessel is
A. Innate and adaptive called ?
B. Humoral and cellular A. hemostasis
C. Passive and active B. hemophilia
C. hemoglobin
D. natural and artificial
D. hematocrit
285. Which disorder is caused by bacteria?
291. What does lymph fluid contain?
A. Common cold
A. Water
B. AIDS B. Protein
C. Strep throat C. White Blood Cells
D. Heart disease D. all of the above

286. The detection of neurosyphilis was tradi- 292. Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic
tionally done with material to lay dormant while the host cell
reproduces?
A. VDRL
A. lytic
B. RPR
B. mitosis
C. Trepsure
C. lysogenic
D. TPPA D. S phase
287. Which of the following is an opsonin? 293. are released into your body by ,
A. C3a which makes you sick.
B. C3b A. toxins, bacteria
B. toxins, viruses
C. C4b
C. histamines, viruses
D. C5a
D. histamines, bacteria
288. What diseases have vaccines stopped
294. Taking antibiotics is generally an effec-
from spreading?
tive way to fight diseases caused by
A. measles A. bacteria
B. polio B. viruses
C. small pox C. A and B
D. all of these D. none of above

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 204

295. This helps to maintain the integrity of the 300. Athlete’s foot, ringworm, and thrush are
lining of the intestines, thereby helping to all infectious diseases caused by what
boost immunity pathogen?
A. Probiotics A. Virus
B. Selenium B. Bacteria

C. Vitamin A C. Protist
D. Fungus
D. Fatty Acids

NARAYAN CHANGDER
301. What is the name of the body’s defence
296. These are types of immunoglobulin, EX- system against diseases?
CEPT
A. The immune system
A. IgA
B. The control system
B. IgE
C. The vascular system
C. IgC D. The endocrine system
D. IgM
302. Means:“programmed cell death”
297. An antiviral is a medicine used to treat A. Natural Killer Cell
A. individuals who are infected with a B. Mitosis
virus. C. Apoptosis
B. individuals who are infected with a D. CD4 and CD8
bacterium.
303. Two types of lymphocytes (white blood
C. individuals who are healthy. cells) include
D. individuals who are not infected with a A. A cells and B cells
virus.
B. T cells and B cells
298. immunity results when antibodies C. C cells and Z cells
from another organism are put inside your
D. eukaryotes and prokaryotes
body to help fight pathogens.
A. Active 304. An antigen preparation and an antibody
preparation are tested by immunodiffu-
B. Passive sion. Three bands are found, indicating
C. Direct that:

D. Indirect A. there was more than one antigen.

B. the antibody was impure.
299. Which of the following is an example of
C. the temperature was too high.
a non-specific immune response?
D. there was one antibody and one anti-
A. B lymphocytes respond to an antigen gen.
B. Memory T cells are produced
305. The most abundant immunoglobulin class
C. Phagocytosis by macrophages in serum is:
D. Cell mediated immunity A. IgA

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 205

B. IgG C. latent viruses

C. IgM D. cyanobacteria

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D. IgE
311. The type of immunity acquired when the
306. The hormone responsible for making red body has previously contracted a disease
blood cells and recovered is called immunity.
A. Erythropoiesis A. naturally aquired
B. Erythropoietin B. inherited
C. hemoglobin C. active
D. immunoglobin D. artificially acquired
307. What is MHC class I 312. The marker ab for MCTD
A. Located mainly on APC cells
A. SSA
B. presented to TH cells
B. SSB
C. Binds peptide derived from foreign
antigen from virus & other pathogens C. RNP

D. none of above D. Smith

308. “a substance that when mixed with 313. Compound formed when glucose at-
in immunogen, enhance the immune re- taches or glycosylates to the protein in
sponse against the immunogen”.this def- hemoglobin
inition refers to? A. Analyte
A. Adjuvant
B. LDL
B. Hapten
C. HDL
C. B cells and T cells
D. Hemoglobin A1c
D. none of above
314. Vaccinations are a type of
309. Granulocyte-Responds to parasitic
worms, born in the bone marrow, in- A. passive immunity
activating mediators released by mast B. memory immunity
cells and basophils, such as histamine,
leukotrienes, lysophospholipids, and hep- C. active immunity
arin, controls allergic reactions D. shot immunity
A. Neutrophil
315. These are examples of cells that can
B. Basophil present antigen to CD4+ T cells.
C. Lymphocyte
A. epithelial cells
D. Eosinophil
B. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B
310. An antibiotic is a drug used to kill cells
A. bacteria C. Cells that express MHC-I molecules
B. viruses D. polymorphonuclear cells

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 206

316. For many uses in the laboratory, poly- 321. Antibiotics are prescribed to patients
clonal antibodies work well, but for some who have what type of infection.
types of assays, they lack sufficient A. Fungal Infection
because they cross-react with inappropri-
ate antigens. B. Bacterial Infection
C. Viral Infection
A. specificity
D. Archaeal Infection
B. sensitivity
322. A small injected dose of a pathogen that

NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. accuracy
stimulates the production of antibodies is:
D. reactivity
A. histamine
317. Which will increase the risk of infecting B. interferon
yourself with a pathogen?
C. pathogen
A. Washing hands
D. vaccine
B. Getting vaccinated
323. Vaccines will trigger your body to make
C. Keeping your pets healthy all of the following EXCEPT
D. Sharing water bottles and snacks A. antibodies
318. Which of the following statements is B. memory cells
TRUE about innate immune system? C. white blood cells
A. Innate immune system is a slow re- D. red blood cells
sponse.
324. immunity includes mechanisms that
B. Innate immune system is pathogen- are fully functional without exposure to a
specific. pathogen, toxin, or cancer cell(s).
C. It is activated by the presence of anti- A. Innate
gen.
B. Adaptive
D. None of the above
C. Active
319. Immunization or vaccination is known as D. Passive
immunity
325. present in the pus of wounds
A. Immunization acquired
A. esonophils
B. inherited
B. neutrophils
C. active
C. basophiles
D. artificially acquired D. monocytes
320. Eosinophil degranulation therefore in- 326. Responsible for the transportation of O2
duces and CO2
A. developmentof T cell responses A. erythrocytes
B. antibody production B. leukocytes
C. degranulation C. Platelet
D. phagocytosis D. thrombocytes

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 207

327. These cells are responsible for identifying B. Parenteral

the “enemy” or pathogen in an immune re-
C. Virulent
sponse.

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D. Acquired
A. erythrocytes
B. Antibodies 333. An epitope is located on
C. T Cells A. Antibody
D. B Cells B. Antigen
328. The third level of defense against poten- C. Both antibody and antigen
tial threats is
D. none of above
A. Innate immunity
B. Adaptive immunity 334. Prokaryotic cells that may or may not
cause disease in humans are called
C. Cell mediated immunity
D. Humoral immunity A. Bacteria.
B. Organelles.
329. What is the name of the white blood cell
that ingests micoorganisms? C. Plasmids.
A. Antitoxins D. Viruses.
B. Antigens
335. The first immunoglobulin class produced
C. Phagocytes in a primary response to an antigen is:
D. Platelets A. IgA
330. The first line of physical defense of the B. IgG
immune system is:
C. IgM
A. kidney
D. IgE
B. small intestine
C. liver 336. When a virus invades a living cell, its
takes over the cell’s functions.
D. skin
A. outer coat
331. What is the name of the part of the blood
that aids clotting? B. genetic material
A. Antitoxins C. core
B. Antigens D. cytoplasm
C. Phagocytes
337. Leukocytes that are able to engulf and
D. Platelets break down pathogens are called
332. Which of the following types of A. Phagosomes
pathogens are carried in the blood and
B. Endocytes
body fluids of infected individuals and that
can be transmitted to others? C. Exocytes
A. Bloodborne D. Phagocytes

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 208

338. How does a fungus attach to it’s host and 344. Which of the following lead to release of
absorb nutrients? histamine?
A. Tentacles A. C1
B. Hyphae B. C2a
C. Spores C. C3a
D. Roots D. C4a
345. which among the following has pen-

NARAYAN CHANGDER
339. Granulocyte-Responsible for allergic re-
actions, releases histamines and heparin tameric structure

A. Neutrophil A. IgM
B. IgG
B. Basophil
C. IgA
C. Eosinophil
D. IgD
D. Monocyte
346. Which disease below can be fought with
340. Examples of opsonins a vaccination?
A. IgG A. chicken pox
B. C3B B. athlete’s foot
C. CRP C. staph infection
D. all of the above D. ring worm
341. Which of the following get rid of good 347. First cell to arrive at the site of an infec-
cells that have been infected? tion.
A. Antibodies A. Basophils
B. B Cells B. Eosinophils
C. Memory Cells C. Neutrophils
D. T Cells D. NK cells

342. The RPR test is 348. Any microorganism that can cause dis-
ease
A. non treponemal test screening test
A. pathogen
B. often used as a specific test for
B. antigen
syphilis
C. antibody
C. is a confirmatory test for syphilis
D. virus
D. specific treponemal test
349. Virus replication may be slowed down by
343. A large cell that engulfs and destroys the natural production or administration of
pathogens is called a this signaling protein:
A. T Cell A. interferon
B. B Cell B. histamine
C. A Cell C. plasma cell
D. Phagocyte D. antibodies

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 209

350. A person with B-blood could receive A. Trash can

A. B+ blood B. Staff room trash

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B. AB-blood C. Sharps container
C. O-blood D. Plaster trap
D. A+ blood 356. What do antibodies attach to on the
pathogen?
351. Speckled pattern is seen in
A. Anti inflammatory
A. Smith
B. Antigens
B. RNP
C. Antiseptic
C. SSA, SSB
D. Antibodies
D. all of the above
357. What is the oxygen carrying pigment in
352. Which of the following is characteristic of blood?
the lytic cycle?
A. hematocrit
A. A large number of phages are released
B. hemopoesis
at a time
C. hemoglobin
B. The virus-host relationship usually
lasts for generations D. hemostasis
C. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host 358. In lymph nodes
genome
A. white blood cells mature into T cells.
D. The viral genome replicates without
B. lymph drains back into the circulatory
destroying the host
system.
353. Which cell will “eat” pathogens? C. old and damaged red blood cells are
A. helper T cell destroyed.
B. B cell D. B and T cells gather and attach to for-
eign antigens.
C. macrophage
D. cytotoxic T cell 359. Molecules used for cell signaling, or cell
to cell communication.
354. All of the following are components of A. Cytokines
the lymphatic/Immune system EXCEPT:
B. Chemokines
A. yellow bone marrow
C. Antigens
B. tonsils
D. White blood cell
C. spleen
360. What chemical does macrophage release
D. nodes
to signal and recruit other cells?
355. To dispose of contaminated needles and A. Histamine
other disposable sharp objects properly in B. Cytokines
a dental office, the dental professional
should discard them in which of the follow- C. Heparin
ing? D. Dendrites

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 210

361. Cytotoxic T cells will bind with their TCR B. Pattern of Partial Identity
to which of the following?
C. Pattern of Non-Identity
A. free antigen in a soluble form
D. none of above
B. antigens presented with MHC I
molecules 367. Agglutination reaction is seen in
C. haptens only A. Blood grouping
D. antigens presented with MHC II B. Gel precipitation

NARAYAN CHANGDER
molecules
C. Soluble antigens
362. what are one of the cellular component
of innate immune system? D. All of the options

A. red blood cells 368. HAPTENS are also known as

B. platlet A. BSA
C. white blood cells B. Oil in water emulsions
D. none of above
C. ISCOMs
363. Erythrocytes D. Partial antigens
A. are the least numerous formed ele-
ment in the body 369. The organism that is infected by a virus
is known as the:
B. are cylindrically shaped cells
C. are produced in yellow bone marrow A. survivor

D. do not have a nucleus B. infectee

C. source
364. T cells
A. matured in bone marrow D. host

B. composed of alpha and beta chain 370. Which cell of the immune system actu-
C. made up of 4 polypeptides chain ally confers immunity to a specific disease?
(Think back to the immune system game)
D. involve in humoral immune response
A. Memory B-Cells
365. An immune response is triggered by
a(an) B. Macrophages
A. antibiotic. C. Neutrophils
B. antibody. D. Eosinophils
C. antigen.
371. What provides direct energy for the
D. histamine. virus?
366. If there is an antigen with epitope A and A. food
an antigen with epitope B, with both Anti-
B. its host
B and Anti-A antibodies what pattern will
occur? C. the sun
A. Pattern of Identity D. a parasite

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 211

372. Which blood type is the universal recipi- B. AB-

ent? C. O+

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A. AB+ D. O-

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