Unit 1- Communication Skills

Session 1 Methods of Communication

Session 2 Verbal Communication
Session 3 Non-verbal Communication
Session 4 Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback
Session 5 Barriers to Effective Communication
Session 6 Writing Skills — Parts of Speech 24
Session 7 Writing Skills — Sentences

Session 1- Communication and its methods

Introduction
• The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
• Being able to communicate effectively is one of the most important life skills.
• Communication skills are needed to communicate effectively with people and customers.
• Exchange of information by signs and signals, speaking, writing or using some other medium and
means is called communication.
• Communication has three important parts:
1. Transmitting — The sender transmits the message through one medium or another.
2. Listening — The receiver listens or understands the message.
3. Feedback — The receiver conveys their understanding of the message to the sender in the form
of feedback to complete the communication cycle.

The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing or using some other medium and
means of sending or receiving information.
The following figure represents types of communication.

Communication process and elements-

Communication cycle is the process by which a message is sent by one individual, and it passes
through a chain of recipients. The timing and effectiveness of a communication cycle is based on how
long it takes for feedback to be received by the initial sender.
The various elements of a communication cycle are:
✓ Sender: the person beginning the communication.
✓ Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.
✓ Channel: the means by which the information is sent.
✓ Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.
✓ Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.
Methods of communication-
Method Description
Face-to-face informal There is nothing better than face-to-face communication. It helps the
communication message to be understood clearly and quickly. Also, since body language
can be seen in this case; it adds to the effectiveness of the communication.
e-mail e-mail can be used to communicate quickly with one or many individuals in
various locations. It offers flexibility,
convenience and low-cost.
Notices/Posters It is effective when the same message has to go out to a large group of
people. Generally used for where email
communication may not be effective.
Business Meetings Communication during business meetings at an organisation are generally
addressed to a group of people. It can be related to business, management
and organisational decisions.
Other Methods There can be various other methods like social networks, message, phone
call for communication, newsletter, blog, etc.

 Choosing the right method of communication depends on target audience, costs, kind/type of
information, urgency/priority.
 The methods of communication you choose could affect your relationship with peers, supervisors
and customers.
Learning objectives of Effective communication
1. Development of Interpersonal Skills
2. To express effectively & with maximum efficiency

Importance of Communication-
✓ Your ability to communicate clearly and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all your
relations with other people.
✓ Speaking more than one language can help you to communicate well with people around the
world.
✓ Communication skills are needed to -
• Inform – for example, communicating the time of a meeting.
• Influence – for example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price.
• Express feelings – for example, to say or show that you are excited about your success or about
a given task.
As you can see, communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving.
Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information. Reading and listening to
someone are examples of receiving information.

Communication Styles
There are 4 main categories of communication styles including verbal, non - verbal, written & visual.

Session 2: Verbal Communication

 Speaking is one of the most effective and commonly used way of communicating.
 It helps in expressing our emotions in words.
 Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language, and speech.
 By improving your verbal communication skills you will build rapport, and have a better connect.
 Verbal communication is the use of language to transfer/share information through speaking or
sign language.
 It is one of the most common types, often used during presentations, video conferences, phone
calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations.
 The below table lists the important forms of verbal communication.

Type of Verbal Communication Examples

Interpersonal Communication This form of communication takes place between two individuals
and is thus a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or
 informal.
Examples
1. A manager discussing the performance with an employee.
2. Two friends discussing homework.
3. Two people talking to each other on phone or video call.
Written Communication This form of communication involves writing words. It can be
letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It
can be between two or more people.
Examples
1. A manager writing an appreciation e-mail to an employee.
2. Writing a letter to grandmother enquiring about health.
Small Group Communication This type of communication takes place when there are more
than two people involved. Each participant can interact and
converse with the rest.
Examples
1. Press conferences
2. Board meetings
3. Team meetings
Public Communication This type of communication takes place when one individual
address a large gathering.
Examples
1. Election campaigns
2. Public speeches by dignitaries

Advantages of Verbal Communication

• It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange ideas by saying what you want
and get a quick response.
• Verbal communication also enables you to keep changing your interaction as per the other
person’s response.
• The verbal form of communication helps you to quickly send intended message thus saving time.

Disadvantages of Verbal Communication

• Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words, sometimes the meanings can
be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.
• Not convenient for long messages
• Communication cost: Sometimes verbal communication can be really expensive if you need to
communicate in a language that you are not familiar with.

Mastering Verbal Communication

Most people tend to get nervous while speaking in front of a large group, or even while speaking to
their teachers, managers or supervisors. However, if you focus on the points given in below, you can
enhance and master your verbal communication skills.
Mastering Verbal Communication
Think Before You Speak ✓ Think about your topic.
✓ Think about the most effective ways to make your listeners
understand the topic.
✓ Write or note down whatever you plan to say.
Concise and Clear ✓ Speak clearly, loudly and at moderate speed.
✓ Be sure the information you want to share is to the point.
✓ Do not repeat the same sentences.
Confidence and ✓ Be confident.
Body Language ✓ Maintain eye contact, stand straight and be attentive.
✓ Be friendly.
Public Speaking-
• Speaking in front of a large group makes most people nervous.
• You can use the 3Ps (Prepare, Practice, Perform) method to get over your fears, and become a
confident and effective speaker.

Session 3: Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information without using any spoken
or written word.
In other words, we send signals and messages to others, through expressions, gestures, postures,
touch, space, eye contact and para language.
It can be intentional or unintentional.
Non - verbal communication is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and feelings.
Importance of Non-verbal Communication
In our day-to-day communication around 93% of our communication is non-verbal.
• 55% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
• 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
• only 7% communication is done using words.
Non Verbal Communication
Gestures • Raising a hand to greet or say goodbye
• Pointing your finger at someone
Expressions • Smiling when you are happy
• Making a sad face when you are sad
Body Language • Postures by which attitudes and feelings are communicated. Standing
straight, showing interest.
 Our message becomes more effective if we use the right gestures while communicating.
 If we know about non-verbal communication, we can understand our audience’s reaction and
adjust our interaction accordingly.
 Using the right gestures and postures is a sign of professionalism and etiquette.
 If verbal messages are obstructed by noise or distance, etc., we can use our hand movements to
exchange messages. For example, placing a finger on the lips indicates the need for silence while
nodding the head is the same as saying ‘yes’.

Types of Non-verbal Communication

Type What it means How to use effectively?
Facial Expressions Our expressions can show • Smile when you meet someone.
different feelings, such as • Keep your face relaxed.
Happiness, Sadness, Anger, • Match your expressions with your words.
Surprise, Fear, etc. • Nod while listening.
Posture Postures show our confidence • Keep your shoulders straight and body
and feelings. For example, a relaxed.
straight body posture shows • Sit straight while resting your hands and
confidence while a slumped feet in relaxed position.
posture is a sign of weakness. • While standing, keep your hands by your
sides.
Gestures or Gestures include body • Keep your hands open.
Body Language movements that express an idea • Avoid pointing your finger at people.
or meaning. For example, raising • Tilt your head a bit to show that you are
a hand in class to ask a question attentive.
and biting nails when nervous.
Touch We communicate a great deal • Shake hands firmly while meeting
through touch. For example, a someone.
firm handshake to display • Avoid other touch gestures during
confidence and pat on the back formal communication.
to encourage someone.
Space Space is the physical distance • Maintain proper space depending on the
 between two people. The space relationship, which could be formal or
between two persons while informal or the closeness with the person
communicating, generally with whom you are talking.
depends on the intimacy or
closeness between them.
Eye Contact The way we look at someone • Look directly at the person who is
can communicate a lot. Eye speaking.
contact shows that we are • Avoid staring; keep a relaxed look.
paying attention to the person • Maintain eye contact with intermittent
as opposed to looking away, breaks.
which can make the other
person feel ignored.
Paralanguage How we speak affects our • Use a suitable tone and volume
communication and includes the • Maintain a moderate speed while talking
tone, speed and volume of our
voice. For example, talking fast
may show happiness, excitement
or nervousness while speaking
slow may show seriousness or
sadness.

Visual Communication
Visual communication proves to be effective since it involves interchanging messages only
through images or pictures and therefore, you do not need to know any particular language for
understanding it.
It is the act of using photographs, videos, art, drawings, sketches, charts and graphs to convey
information. Visuals are often used as an aid during presentations to provide helpful context
alongside written and/or verbal communication.
Since people have different learning styles, visual communication might be more helpful for some
to consume ideas and information.
It is simple and remains consistent across different places. Some common types of visual
communication are shown in Table.
The Do’s and Don’ts of non - verbal messages and body language-
DOs
Make eye contact. ... Have a firm handshake. ...
Check your facial expression. ...
Be natural with your gestures. ...
Maintain a receptive posture. ...
Refrain from sending mismatched messages. ...
Watch for actions that can be taken for defensiveness. ...
Don't appear disengaged.

Don’ts
Rubbing your hands together during an important meet up
Leaning back while meeting with a friend or close colleague.
Crossing your arms during an interesting conversation.
Not making eye contact.
Making too much eye contact.
Fidgeting.
Touching your face too often.

Session 4: Communication Cycle and Importance of Feedback

✓ Feedback is an important part of the communication cycle.
✓ For effective communication, it is important that the sender receives an acknowledgement from
the receiver about getting the message across.
✓ While a sender sends information, the receiver provides feedback on the received message.
✓ Feedback can be positive or negative.
✓ Feedback is a consequence of performance.
✓ A good feedback is always specific, helpful , kind.

Types of Feedback Type of Feedback Examples

Positive Feedback • I noticed you finished the work perfectly. Great job!
• I really appreciate you taking that call. Can you please also share
the details?
Negative Feedback • You keep forgetting to smile at the hotel guests when you talk to
them.
• You take really long to reply to e-mails! Are you always so busy?
No Feedback • It is also a feedback in itself which indicates disagreement of ideas.

Feedback, if shared properly, can help reinforce existing strengths and can increase the recipient’s
abilities to rectify errors. It can have a long-term effect in managing and achieving goals.
A good feedback is one that is:
• Specific: Avoid general comments. Try to include examples to clarify your statement. Offering
alternatives rather than just giving advice allows the receiver to decide what to do with your
feedback.
• Timely: Being prompt is the key, since feedback loses its impact if delayed for too long.
• Polite: While it is important to share feedback, the recipient should not feel offended by the
language of the feedback.
• Offering continuing support: Feedback sharing should be a continuous process. After offering
feedback, let recipients know you are available for support.

Importance of Feedback
Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in the process of
communication since it is defined as the response given by the receiver to the sender. It plays an
important part in communication as it tells both the source and receiver, how their message are being
interpreted.
• It validates effective listening: The person providing the feedback knows they have been understood
(or received) and that their feedback provides some value.
• It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better work relationships and continue the
good work that is being appreciated.
• It is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we communicate feedback so it is impossible
not to provide one.
• It boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain focussed on goals, plan better and develop
improved products and services.
• It improves performance: Feedback can help to form better decisions to improve and increase
performance. For students there are 3 types of feedbacks given-
Descriptive feedback is specific information, in the form of written comments or verbal
conversations, that help the learner understand what she or he needs to do in order to improve.
Descriptive feedback is the most powerful tool for improving student learning.
Specific Feedback provides detailed or specific information on what the student did well or not so
well.
General feedback on the other hand is very non-specific, such as “good job” or “you did great.”

Session 5: Barriers to Effective Communication

What is Effective Communication?
All the different methods of communication can only be effective if we follow the basic principles
of professional communication skills.
These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs i.e., Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete and
Courteous.
Absence of any of these 7Cs can lead to miscommunication.

Barriers to Effective Communication

Physical Barriers
Physical barrier is the environmental & natural condition that act as a barrier in communication in
sending message from sender to receiver. Not being able to see gestures, posture and general body
language can make communication less effective. For example, text messages are often less effective
than face-to-face communication.
Linguistic Barriers
The inability to communicate using a language is known as language barrier to communication.
Language barriers are the most common communication barriers, which cause misunderstandings and
misinterpretations between people.
Interpersonal Barriers
Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the sender’s message is received differently from
how it was intended. It is also very difficult to communicate with someone who is not willing to talk or
express their feelings and views. Stage fear, lack of will to communicate, personal differences can
create interpersonal barriers to communication.
Organisational Barriers
Organisations are designed on the basis of formal hierarchical structures that follow performance
standards, rules & regulations, procedures, policies, behavioural norms, etc. All these affect the free
flow of communication in organisations and so, need to be suitably managed. Superior-subordinate
relationships in a formal organisational structure can be a barrier to free flow of communication.
Cultural Barriers
Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are unable to understand each other’s customs,
resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes make stereotypical assumptions about
others based on their cultural background, this leads to difference in opinions and can be a major
barrier to effective communication.

Ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication

✓ Use simple language
✓ Active listening
✓ Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography
✓ Try to communicate in person as much as possible
✓ Use visuals
✓ Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language
✓ Be respectful of other’s opinions

Session 6: Writing Skills — Parts of Speech

✓ Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include e-mails, letters, notes, articles,
SMS/chat, blogs, etc.
✓ In all these forms of written communication, we use sentences to express ourselves.
✓ A sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete thought.
✓ A group of words, which does not make complete sense, is known as a phrase.
✓ A sentence always begins with a capital letter, and it always ends with a question mark, full stop
or exclamation mark.

Capitalisation
➢ We know that all sentences begin with capital letters.
➢ However, there are certain other points in a sentence where we should use capital letters.
➢ ‘TINS’is a set of simple rules that help you capitalise words correctly.
➢ Each letter in the word TINS refers to one capitalization rule as shown in Table.
Punctuation
➢ Certain set of marks, such as full stop, comma, question mark, exclamation mark and apostrophe
are used in communication to separate parts of a sentence for better clarity of message.
➢ Some common punctuation marks and their rules are shown here in Table.
Punctuation name Use Example
Full stop • Used at the end of a sentence. Omar is a professor. His students
• Used with short form of long words. call him Prof. Omar.
Comma • Used to indicate a pause in the After getting down from the bus, I
sentence. walked towards my school.
• Used to separate two or more items The grocery store had fresh
in a row. kiwis, strawberries and mangoes.
Question mark • Used at the end of a question. Where is your book?
Exclamation mark • Used at the end of a word or a What a beautiful dress!
sentence to indicate a strong feeling. Hooray! We won the match.
Apostrophe • Used followed by an ‘s’ to show That is Shobha’s cat.
possession or belonging. Are these Rahim’s colour pencils?
• Used with shortened form of words Let’s go for the movies today.
in informal speech. She isn’t coming to school today.

Parts of Speech
The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in
meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence.
Noun - Words (naming words) that refer to a person, place,
thing or idea.
Pronoun - Words used in place of a noun
Adjectives - Words that describe other words.
Verbs - Words that show action
Adverbs - Words that add meaning to verbs by answering How?
How often? When? and Where?

Supporting Parts of Speech Types

Supporting words are used to join the main parts of speech together and also to add information to
the sentences.
Articles (a, an, the) Generally used before nouns.
An — used before words with a vowel sound
A — used before nouns with a consonant sound
The — Refers to specific or particular words
Conjunctions (and, but, because)
Joins two nouns, phrases or sentences
Prepositions (on, over, in, under)
Connects one word with another to usually answer the
questions ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘how’.
Interjections (Wow!, Help!)
Expresses strong emotions, such as happiness, surprise, anger
or pain.

Advantages of Written Communication:

1.A Permanent Record:
It helps to maintain a permanent record of the information exchanged or shared.
2.Meticulous Presentation:
As written document is a permanent record, people are very cautious to fulfil all the writing requisites
to make the writing perceivable at the other end.
3. Easy Circulation:
It can easily be circulated in an organisation, unlike the oral communication medium.
4.Suitable for Statistical Data:
Statistical charts and figures are difficult to be interpreted verbally, thus, circulating a document allow
people to examine such intrinsic detail with ease.
5.Promotes Goodwill:
When conducting business, a well-crafted written document speaks volumes about the competence of
a particular organisation. Therefore, written communication helps to promote goodwill if performed
wisely.

Disadvantages of Written Communication:

1.Time consuming:
In order to craft an impeccable piece of document, one has to invest an ample amount of time which
is indeed difficult in constrained timelines.
2.Non-flexible:
A written document cannot be altered once circulated. This makes written communication non-flexible
as every written word is concrete and final.
3.No Scope for clarification:
If the document is not curated keeping the less informed person’s mindset in check, the details
cannot be perceived by such people via the formulated written document.
4.Demands writing Proficiency:
In order to deliver the message adequately across the other end, one should have competencies in
the writing sector.
5.Probability of wrong Interpretation:
If there are complex words or difficult sentences included in the written document, one may interpret
a wrong/no meaning out of it. Thus, in order to use written communication, one should make use of
easy language.

Session 7: Writing Skills — Sentences

Parts of a Sentence
We all know that almost all English sentences have a subject and a verb while some also have an
object.
✓ Subject: Person or thing that performs an action.
✓ Verb: Describes the action.
✓ Object: Person or thing that receives the action.

Parts of a Sentence
✓ Every sentence can be broken into two parts - a) Complete Subject b) Complete Predicate
✓ The complete subject consists of simple subject ( The noun or the pronoun is the subject is about)
and its modifiers
✓ The complete predicate is made of up of verb and its modifiers.

Simple sentence
It is one independent clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Must
have a subject and a verb. Must express a complete thought. Must only have one clause.
• I am out of paper for the printer.
• Will you help me with the math homework?
Compound Sentence
A sentence allows us to share a lot of information by combining two or more related thoughts into
one sentence.
-I drove to the office, and then I walked to the cabin.
Complex sentence
It is a sentence that combines one independent clause with at least one dependent clause.
•Although Rohan had some doubts, he found the courses very useful.

Types of a sentence
Declarative sentence Interrogative sentence
• Tells something • Asks a question
• Ends with a period • Ends with a question mark
Exclamatory sentence Imperative sentence
• Shows strong feeling • Gives a command
• Ends with an exclamation mark • Ends with a period or exclamation mark

Types of Objects
• In a sentence, there can be two types of objects — Direct and Indirect.
• The direct objects are directly ‘acted on’ by the verb.
• An indirect object answers questions, such as ‘to/for who.’

Paragraph-
Just as a group of words form a sentence, a group of sentences forms a paragraph. A paragraph is a
series of sentences that are organized and coherent, and are all related to a single topic. However, to
qualify as a paragraph, all the sentences within it must have a common idea or theme.
Phonetics
How do we pronounce words? We use sounds to speak. Every word is made up of one or more
sounds. We put these sounds together to pronounce words. Phonetics is the study of the sounds that
we make when we speak.

Asking Questions
A question is a sentence, phrase, or word that asks for information or is used to test someone’s
knowledge. We always use a question mark (?) at the end of a question.
What are the Two Main Types of Questions?
There are two basic types of questions: close-ended questions and open-ended questions. Questions
that can be answered with a ‘yes’ or a ‘no’ are called close-ended questions. That is because the
answer options are limited or closed. For example, when we ask: ‘Are you hungry?’, the answer could
be either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.
Sometimes, when we ask a question, we expect an answer with more details. For example when we
ask: “What would you like to eat?”, the answer could be: “I would like to eat an apple.” These are
called open-ended questions because their answer options are not limited or closed. We can form
close-ended questions by adding helping verbs (called auxiliary verbs) like Be, Do and Have. These
convey additional information, such as time and mood. Besides these, there are other auxiliary verbs
(called modal verbs), such as Can, May, Should which show possibility or necessity.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS

1. Which is NOT an element of communication within the communication process cycle?

(a) Channel b) Receiver (c) Sender d) Time

2. You need to apply for leave at work? Which method of communication will you use?
(a) e -mail b) Poster (c) Newsletter d) Blog

3. By which action can senders send their messages?

(a) Gestures b) Speaking (c) Reading d) Writing

4. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

(a) Newspapers b) Letters (c) Phone call d) e-mail

5. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?
(a) Acronyms b)Simple (c) Technical d) Jargons

6. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

(a) Frowning while concentrating (b) Maintaining eye contact
(c) Smiling continuously (d) Rolling up your eyes

7. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?

(a) Pride b) Professionalism (c) Confidence d) Humility

8. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?

(a) Keeping hands in pockets while talking b) Talking at moderate speed
(c) Sitting straight (d) Tilting head a bit to listen

9. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

(a) 50% of our communication is non-verbal
(b) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
(c) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
(d) 7 % communication is done using words

10. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?

(a) Excellent, your work has improved. (b) I noticed your dedication towards the project.
(c) You are always doing it the wrong way. (d) All of the above

11. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?

(a) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skill is poor. (b) You can surely improve your drawing.
(c) These are good drawings but you can do better. (d) None of the above
12. Which of the following are effective components of good feedback?
(a) Detailed and time consuming (b) Direct and honest (c) Specific (d) Opinion-based
13.Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?
(a) Linguistic barrier b) Interpersonal barrier (c) Financial barrier d) Organisational barrier

14.Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the audience.’
(a) The band b) played (c) music d) audience

15. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

(a) Switch off the fan. (b) Sheila has gone to the market.
(c) Where are my pen colours? d) Oh no! I missed my flight.

16. What is the purpose of communication?

(a) Inform (tell someone about something) (b) Influence (get someone to do something you want)
(c) Share thoughts, ideas, feelings (d) All of the above

17. Which of the following method is used to receive information from the sender?
(a) Listening (b) Speaking (c) Telling (d) Writing

18. Why do we use e-mails?

(a) To communicate with many people at the same time. (b) To share documents and files.
(c) To talk to each other in real-time. (d) To keep a record of communication

19. Choose the correct example of oral communication.

(a) Reports (b) Newspapers (c) Face-to-face interaction (d) Notes

20. What are the words we should use when we communicate verbally?
(a) Use straight words (b) Use simple words (c) Use precise words

21. What is phonetics?

(a) It is the study of how we write words in English. (b) It is the study of how people understand
sentences. (c) It is the study of how many words the English language has.
(d) It is the study of the sounds we make when we speak.

22. Which is NOT an element of communication within the communication process cycle?
a) Channel b) Receiver c) Sender d) Time

23. Which of these are open-ended questions?

(a) Where do you live? (b) Are you hungry? (c) How do you feel? (d) Did you meet him?

23. Which is not a question word?

(a) What (b) Want (c) Which (d) How

Fill in the blanks-

1. Not stating instructions clearly is an example of……….. ( language barrier)
2. Not understanding the customs or traditions of a speaker could mean there is a……. ( Cultural
barrier)
3. When you are overcome by your own feelings and unable to communicate well it means there is an
………………..( emotional barrier)
4. Using slang or words that are used within your own social group is an example of a ……………….
(cultural barrier)
5. You may like to have your own private cabin to work in but if you are not willing to meet your
team face to face it is an indication of a………. (physical barrier)
6. You have an…………………. ( attitudinal barrier) if you think you are more qualified than others
and are superior in knowledge.
7. If you have a totally different viewpoint from your team mates on the way a training programme is
to be planned you have a …………..(conceptual barrier)

B. Subjective question
1. List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for each verbal communication
type.
2. Define visual communication. Give 2 advantages. Draw any five common signs used for Visual
Communication.
3. What do you mean by feedback? How many types of feedback are there/ Let’s take a scenario.
Radha is your co-worker. Together you are making a report on how to manage the waste in your
store. Since she has not finished her part of the report on time, the whole report has got delayed and
the manager has given you both a warning. Write down the feedback you would like to give your co-
worker on managing time. Try to keep the feedback specific and polite.
4. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when you move to a new
city or country.
5. List the various elements of a communication cycle.