State: TAMILNADU

Agriculture Contingency Plan for District: Vellore

1.0 District Agriculture profile

1.1 Agro-Climatic/Ecological Zone

Agro Ecological Region / Sub Region Eastern coastal plain, hot sub humid to semi arid eco region (8.3)
(ICAR)
Agro-Climatic Region (Planning East Coast Plains and Hills Region (XI)
Commission)
Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Eastern Zone (TN-1)

List all the districts or part thereof falling Chengelpet, Vellore, Cuddalore excluding Chidambaram and Kattumannarkovil.
under the NARP Zone
Geographic coordinates of district Latitude Longitude Altitude
12° 15’ to 13° 15’ North 78° 20’ to 79° 50’ East

Name and address of the concerned ZRS/ Agricultural Research Station. Virinjipuram, Vellore District -632 104
ZARS/ RARS/ RRS/ RRTTS Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur, Vellore District – 632 104
Mention the KVK located in the district ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Virinjipuram, Vellore District -632 104

1.2 Rainfall (2008-09) Average (mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation

( specify week and month) (specify week and month)
SW monsoon (June-Sep): 468 1st Week of June 1st week of October
nd th
NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 416 2 week of October 4 Week of December
Winter (Jan- Feb) 27 - -
Summer (Mar-May) 104 - -
Annual 1015 - -

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1.3 Land use Geographical Forest area Land under Permanent Cultivable Land under Barren and Current Other fallows
pattern of the area non- pastures wasteland Misc. tree uncultivable fallows
district (latest agricultural use crops and land
statistics) groves
Area (000 ha) 592.0 150.7 85.9 4.0 6.0 3.0 21.0 56.6 67.6

Source: “G” Return

1. 4 Major Soils Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%) of total

1. Sandy and Sandy loam 48.9 13.9

2. Red Loam soil 178.8 51.1
3. Clay and clay loam soil 118.1 33.8
4. Black cotton soil 3.8 1.1
Total 349.6 100
1.5 Agricultural land use Area (‘000 ha) Cropping intensity %
Net sown area 197.4 109.8

Area sown more than once 19.4

Gross cropped area 216.8

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics (2008-09)

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1.6 Irrigation Area (‘000 ha) Percent (%)
Net irrigated area 99.6 54.38

Gross irrigated area 115.9 59.120

Rainfed area 97.8 45.62

Sources of Irrigation Number Area (‘000 ha) % area

Canals 654 - 0.42

Tanks 1317 1.1 1.1

Open wells
Bore wells 129199 15.3 15.2

Lift irrigation
Other sources 0.2 0.4
Total 17.2 18.0
Pumpsets
Micro-irrigation
Groundwater availability and use No. of blocks % area Quality of water
Over exploited 16 79.91% Salinity level: 65 % good, 31% moderate and 4% poor
Critical 02 ( Nemili, kaveripakkam) 13.44% Residual Sodium Carbonate: 83% good, 13% moderate and 4% poor
Semi- critical 02 ( Arakonam and Walaja) 6.64% Sodium Adsorption Ratio:100 % good
Safe 0 -
Wastewater availability and use Data not available
*over-exploited: groundwater utilization > 100%; critical: 90-100%; semi-critical: 70-90%; safe: <70%

3
 Area under major field crops & horticulture etc. (2009-10 – Source: Office of JDA, Vellore)
*If break-up data (irrigated, rainfed) is not available, give total area

Major Field Crops cultivated

Area (‘000 ha)
Kharif Rabi Summer
Total
Irrigated Rainfed Irrigated Rainfed -
1 Groundnut 36.6 8.8 45.5
2 Paddy 9.8 - 30.0 - 39.8
3 Redgram 16.7 0 0 16.7
4 Sugarcane 8.3 5.8 14.1
5 Sorghum 9.9 0 0 9.9
6 Pearl Millet
7 Others
Horticulture crops – Fruits Total area
1 Mango 12.5
2 Guava 0.4
3 Sapota 0.5
4 Banana 0.3
5 Others -
Horticultural crops – Vegetables Total area
1 All vegetables 4.2
Spices & Condiments Total area
1 Spices & Condiments 1.2
Plantation crops Total area
1 Plantation crops 0.1
Flower crops Total area
1 Flower crops 3.1

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 1.8 Livestock

1.8 Livestock Male (‘000) Female (‘000) Total (‘000)

Non Descriptive Cattle (Local low yielding) 76.6 105.3 182.0
Crossbred cattle 51.7 339.8 391.6
Non descriptive Buffaloes (Local low yielding) 34.0
Graded Buffaloes
Goat 248.2
Sheep 249.6
others (Camel, Pig, Yak etc.) 12.3
1.9 Poultry No. of Farms Total No. of birds (number)
1 Commercial 768
2 Backyard 6509291
3 Quail 12 31500
4 Turkey 6 1135
5 Others (Emu) 11 1270
1.10 Fisheries Area (ha) Yield (t/ha) Production (tones)

Brackish water (Marine catch fishes) in tones

39125
Fresh water
Others

1.11 Production and Productivity of major Kharif Rabi Summer Total

crops
Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity Production Productivity
Avg. of 2006-07; 2007-08 and 2008-09
('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha) ('000 t) (kg/ha)
1 Paddy 149.8 3368

2 Groundnut 53.3 1000

3 Redgram 5.9 661

4 Sorghum 9.2 1070

5 Sugarcane 1904.1 94 .6 (t/ ha)

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Othe
rs
Major Horticultural crops
1 Mango 7.5 6.0
2 Guava 4.8 12.0
3 Sapota 9.6 20.0
4 Banana 112 40.0
5 Vegetables 75.6 18.0
Source: Season and crop reports of 2006-07; 2007-08 and 2008-09

1 .12 Sowing window for 5 major crops Paddy Groundnut Redgram Sorghum Sugarcane
(start and end of sowing period)

Kharif- Rainfed June – July June- July

Kharif-Irrigated May- June
Rabi- Rainfed October
Rabi-Irrigated Aug- September - - - December

1.13 What is the major contingency the district is

prone to?
Regular Occasional None

Drought

Flood


Cyclone


Hail storm


Heat wave


Cold wave

6


Frost


Sea water inundation


Pests and diseases (specify)

1.14 Include Digital maps of the district for Location map of district within State as Annexure I Enclosed: Yes

Mean annual rainfall as Annexure 2 Enclosed: Yes

Soil map as Annexure 3 Enclosed: Yes

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Annexure 1. Location map of Vellore district and the blocks

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 Annexure 2. Mean annual rainfall of Vellore district
of Tamil Nadu
200
176
180 167
163
160

140 128
Rainfall (mm)

120 108
100

80 74 73
69

60

40
20 22
20 7 8

0
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

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Annexure 3. Soil Map of Vellore District

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 2.0 Strategies for weather related contingencies

2.1 Drought

2.1.1 Rainfed situation

Condition Kharif season Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
drought (delayed situation system Implementation
onset)
Delay by 2 weeks Red and laterite Pearl millet / Sorghum (June- No change
June 3rd week soils Sep.)
Gingelly (June-Sep.)
Groundnut (June-Sep.)

Delay by 4 weeks Red and laterite Pearl millet / Sorghum (June- Ragi/ Maize / Sunflower/ Seed hardening NFSM for seed
July 1st week soils Sep.) Groundnut Wider spacing supply
Gingelly (June-Sep.) Inter cultivation
Groundnut (June-Sep.) Thinning
Maize
Spraying of Potash
(0.25%) during early
stage of the crop

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
drought (delayed situation system Implementation
onset)
Delay by 6 Red and laterite Pearl Millet / sorghum (June- Fodder Sorghum / Minor millets 0.5% KCL spray Linkage with ATMA
weeks July 3rd week soils Sep.) Cycocel spray for fodder seeds
Gingelly (June-Sep.) Fodder Pearl Millet
Groundnut (June-Sep.)
Fodder Cowpea

Delay by 8 Fallow Cotton (Aug sown) Mulching, Linkage with ATMA

Weeks- August 1st Spray 1% KNO3 spray for fodder seeds
week

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Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Early season Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil management Remarks on
drought (Normal situation Implementation
onset, followed by Red and laterite Pearl millet / Sorghum (June- Supplemental irrigation; Dust mulching IEC materials on
15-20 days dry spell soils Sep.) Application of soil early season drought
after sowing leading Gingelly (June-Sep.) Water spray conditioners like Terra may be issued to the
to poor Groundnut (June-Sep.) Cotton farming community
germination/crop Mulching Basal application of FYM
stand etc.) or Vermicompost to
Thinning improve the soil physical
properties

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Mid season drought Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil management Remarks on
(long dry spell) situation Implementation
At vegetative stage Red and laterite Pearl millet / Sorghum (June- Supplementary Irrigation Mulching IEC materials may be
soils Sep.) through rain gun, siphon issued to the farming
Gingelly (June-Sep.) irrigation Weeding community
Groundnut (June-Sep.)
Water spraying

Spraying of Drought tolerance

chemicals/ growth regulators

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Mid season drought Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil management Remarks on
(long dry spell) situation Implementation
At reproductive stage Red and laterite Pearl millet / Sorghum (June-Sep.) Grain crop may be converted - Farmers may be
soils Gingelly (June-Sep.) into fodder crop advised to take
Groundnut (June-Sep.) suitable measures
during mid season
drought through

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Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Mid season drought Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Soil management Remarks on
(long dry spell) situation Implementation
radio

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Terminal drought Major Farming Normal Crop/cropping system Crop management Rabi Crop planning Remarks on
situation Implementation
- Pearl millet / Sorghum (June-Sep.) Crop can be used as fodder Crop residues may be IEC materials may be
Gingelly (June-Sep.) ploughed back for the next issued on terminal
Groundnut (June-Sep.) crop drought management.
Mass media may be
used

2.1.2 Irrigated situation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
Farming system system Implementation
situation
Delayed/ limited release Heavy clay Paddy Black gram / Green gram/ Alternate wetting and
of water in canals due to and red soils Maize drying and
low rainfall SRI Paddy Cultivation Inter cultivation

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Normal Crop/cropping Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
Farming system system Implementation
situation
Non release of water in Heavy clay Black gram No change Mulching / Inter ISOPOM / NFSM for seed
canals under delayed and red soils Green gram cultivation supply
onset of monsoon in
catchment

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Condition Suggested Contingency measures
Major Farming Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Lack of inflows Heavy clay and red Rice/ Vegetables (Aug. – Jan.)- Wheat/ Fodder (November – Mulching and Awareness creation
into tanks due to soils Pulses (Dec- Jan.) Feb.) Inter cultivation through mass media
insufficient Pulses/Ragi/maize (Feb-May)
/delayed onset of
monsoon

Condition Suggested Contingency measures

Major Farming Crop/cropping system Change in crop/cropping Agronomic measures Remarks on
situation system Implementation
Insufficient Bore well irrigated Groundnut (June-Sept) Sorghum / Pearl Millet / Ragi / Mulching -
groundwater red and laterite soils Maize (June-Sept) senna (July-Oct)-Wheat (Nov- Water harvesting and
recharge due to Vegetables (June-Oct) Feb)-Vegetables (Feb-Mar) Recycling
low rainfall
Any other - Maize (Oct-Jan) – Pulses - - -
condition (specify) (Feb-Mar)
Rice (Aug-Jan)-Groundnut
(Feb-April)-
Sesame/Pulses/maize(April-
June)

2.2 Unusual rains (untimely, unseasonal etc) (for both rainfed and irrigated situations)

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Continuous high rainfall in a short span Vegetative stage Flowering stage Crop maturity stage Post harvest
leading to water logging
Groundnut Provision of Drainage Drain excess water Follow weather advisory 1. Shift produce
before harvest decision immediately from the field
Spraying of growth 2. Threshing 5th day after
regulators to avoid / harvesting groundnut
minimize flower shedding

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 2.3 Floods

Condition Suggested contingency measure

Transient water logging/ Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
partial inundation
Not applicable for Vellore District

2.4 Extreme events: Heat wave / Cold wave/Frost/ Hailstorm /Cyclone

Extreme event type Suggested contingency measure

Seedling / nursery stage Vegetative stage Reproductive stage At harvest
Heat Wave
Cold wave
Frost Not Applicable for Vellore District

Hailstorm
Cyclone

2.5 Contingent strategies for Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries:

2.5.1 Livestock

Suggested contingency measures

Drought Before the event During the event After the event

Feed & Fodder availability Training to farmers on silage, Azola
Silage, Azola and hay to be fed during  Impact on the training programme
cultivation & hay making with draught. & method demonstration on feed &
method demonstration has to be
Increased amount of concentrates to be given fodder management during drought
carried out to off set grazing. period has to be evaluated.
Silage making & Azola cultivation
were promoted through ATMA
scheme.
Education on drought resistant

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 grasses & tree fodders

Drinking water Desilting of ponds
Digging of Borewells to meet the water
Borewell with motors can be
requirement is suggested. installed in rest of the Veterinary
dispensaries in Vellore district.

Community drinking water trough
can be arranged in shandies
/community grazing areas

Health & Disease Awareness Campaigns
Vaccination & deworming are to be carried  Impact on information disseminated
management out during Mass contact programs/ to the farmers on disease prevention
Kalnadai padukappu thittam. & control measures during drought

Vaccination against FMD, BQ, HS PPR period has to be carried out.
along with anthrax vaccine in endemic
areas to be carried out..

Awareness campaigns are to be carried out
in 20 blocks of Vellore district.

Adequate refreshment training on draught
management to be given to VAS, Jr.VAS,
LI with regard to health & management
measures.

Multivitamins & area specific mineral
mixture to be supplied during drought.

Floods Not reported

Feed & Fodder availability

Drinking water

Health & Disease

management

Cyclone Not reported

Feed & Fodder availability

Drinking water

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Health & Disease
management

Heat wave & Cold wave

Feed & Fodder availability Training to farmers on silage & hay
Silage, Azola and hay to be fed during
Impact on the training programme &
making with method demonstration draught. method demonstration on feed &
has to be carried out
Increased amount of concentrates to be given fodder management during drought
Education on drought resistant to off set grazing. period has to be evaluated.
grasses & tree fodders
Increase in concentrate feed to off set
drought

Drinking water Desilting of ponds Digging of Borewells to meet the water requirement
Borewell with motors can be
is suggested.
installed in rest of the Veterinary
dispensaries in Vellore district.

Community drinking water trough
can be arranged in shandies
/community grazing areas

Health & Disease Information to
Impact on information

Community shed for giving shelters to all
disseminated to the farmers on
management
1. farmers on how to combat livestock during heat wave & cold wave is disease prevention & control
outbreaks suggested. measures during drought period has
2. Possible outbreaks during
Planting of trees/ fodder trees in village to be carried out.
drought community grazing area is suggested.
3. By Capacity building
Supply of straws for farmers by purchase
programmes, Awareness from nearby states wherein the government
campaign. to own the transportation cost and the
fodder cost by the individual farmers is also
one of the suggested measure which has
followed in twenty years ago (1980’s).

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 2.5.2 Poultry: -

2.5.3 Fisheries/ Aquaculture

Suggested contingency measures

Before the event During the event After the event

1) Drought

A. Capture

Marine Not applicable

Inland

(i) Shallow water depth due to i. Rainwater harvesting i. Shallow areas of derelict i. Due to severe water shortage farmers
insufficient rains/inflow ii. Deepening/ Desilting of water bodies can be used for have to harvest fish in large quantities to
existing water bodies raising table sized fishes using avoid loss due to mortality. Leading to
stunted fish seeds and the difficulties in marketing the fish farmers
iii. Removal of debris and
culture can be done in can be trained on the frozen storage

strengthening of pond enclosures (pens). Pens of 0.1 to techniques and in preparing value added
0.2ha are ideal for easy products (ready to eat and processed
embankments through turfing operation and economical. products)

ii. Indian major carps and ii. Adoption of short term culture of
freshwater prawns are ideal species wherein culture of species having
species for culture. rapid initial growth can be stocked. Eg.
minor carps like silver barb
iii. Temporarily raising the
height of the enclosures maybe (Puntius gonionotus) and fringe lipped
done to prevent loss of stock in carp ( Labeo fimbriatus) can be

18
 the event of sudden rise in water undertaken.
level due to sudden onset of rain
iii. Culture of minor carp like
or flooding.
Amblypharyngodon mola can be done in
shallow ponds and this being an auto
breeder it spawns two or three times in a
year which also ensure auto stocking.

(ii) Changes in water quality i. Strictly implement in avoiding the i. Reduced water volume in the
pond/ local water bodies lowers
use of plastics and other non-
its buffering capacity hence
biodegradable material along the every precaution has to be taken
while adopting use of manures
river belts ( intervention and
and fertilizers to avoid onset of
polluting by human is a common algal blooms and eutrophication

factor)

ii. Avoid entry of pollutants like

industrial effluents, run off from

agricultural land into rivers

(iii) Any other -- i. Stunting of major carp

fingerlings and stocking in grow
out ponds as they grow faster (
three times more growth than
the non stunted fingerlings)

ii. Ornamental fish rearing

utilizing gold fishes, koi carp or

19
 live bearers like mollies and
guppies can be done in summer.
This ensures money flow to the
farmers.

** subsidy to farmers for inputs

like feed,seed.

B. Aquaculture/ Mariculture Before the event During the event After the event
(i) Shallow water in ponds due to i. Water depth should be at least 1m for initiating i. Farmers can be advised to i. Prepare pond for the next crop after
insufficient rains/inflow
fish culture. take up integrated farming ( early harvest

ii. Adopt low stocking density to reduce culture poultry, piggery, duckery and ii. Always keep a constant check on the
duration and culture should be done only after animal husbandry with crops) to onset of algal blooms which will cause
ensuring water availability for minimum period of cut down cost on expensive mass mortality of fishes
3 months. inputs like feed and manure.
iii. Harvest fish broodstock if any and
iii. In low tidal amplitude areas which receives ii. Avoid fertilization and shift to deeper safer areas like cement
north-east monsoon it is advised not to go for manuring on supplementary systems in indoor units to utilize for
summer crop because of high temperatures which basis. breeding on onset of monsoon
will lead to stress of culturable species. iii. Air breathing fish culture to
be practised (Cat fish farming)

(ii) Impact of silt load build up in i. Rainwater harvesting i. Feeding should be minimum i. On onset of sudden heavy rains heavy
ponds / change in water quality ii. Deepening/ Desilting of to avoid organic loading mortality will result so feeding should be
existing water bodies controlled to avoid waste accumulation on
pond bottom soil.
iii. Removal of debris

(iii) Any other i. The physico-chemical quality of water has to be i. Concept of Re-circulatory i. Train the farmers to breed fish in
monitored regularly for its suitability for fish system can be adopted as captivity and produce required amount of
culture. additional water is not required seed either through hormonal treatment

20
 thereby curtailing need for water and environment manipulation.
exchange.
ii. Use of cryopreserved milt supplied
ii. Use of aerators to overcome from research units to aid breeding and
thermal stratification and build ensure healthy stock
up of ammonia during high
( in collaboration with TANUVAS)
temperatures will help break the
thermal stratification

** subsidy can be provided to

farmers for the aerators

iii. Partial harvesting to reduce

biomass thereby competition for
space and food is reduced.

iv. Reduced stocking densities

2) Floods Before the event During the event After the event

A. Capture

Marine i. Train fisher folk on hygienic handling of fishes, i. Avoid fishing in deeper i. Loss incurred should be reported will be
short and long term preservation techniques and on waters to avoid loss to gear, assessed by the State Fisheries
preparation and packaging of value added fish craft and human lives. Department officials and reimbursed.
products – as a small scale village activity

ii. Establish cold chain facilities

iii. Ensure strengthening of coastal belt by planting

and maintaining the mangrove ecosystems

** mangrove wetlands mitigate the adverse impact

of storms, cyclones Tsunami in coastal areas and

21
 coastal erosion

** mangroves are ideal breeding ,nursery and

feeding grounds for a number of commercially
important prawns, fishes and other shell fishes.

iv. Ecologically sensitive areas to be earmarked

such as mangroves, corals and estuaries to avoid
overfishing

v. Commercial exploitation of coral reefs and large

scale removal of mangrove vegetation to be
surveyed as this leads to dwindling fish harvests

Inland

(i) Average compensation paid --- NA---

due to loss of human life

(ii) No. of boats / nets/damaged

As per the norms of the State Government

and implemented by the State Fisheries
Department
(iii) No. of houses damaged

(iv) Loss of stock Sell the available fish stock as much as possible Installation of gill net and using Onset of toxic gases in the system hence
cast net for fishing the stock immediate stocking of fishes should not
escapement through flooding be carried out.

Strengthening of bunds and embankments either

Onset of toxic gases in the system hence
through turfing and terracing to avoid water
** Water should not be used for immediate stocking of fishes should not
(v) Changes in water quality overflow or entry of waters from outside. domestic purposes be carried out.

Water quality management to be followed Ulcers and pox diseases in fishes will
thoroughly by weekly sampling to monitor water occur hence the fish stock has to be
(vi) Health and diseases discarded or buried.

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 quality parameters

B. Aquaculture/ Mariculture in
ponds Before the event During the event After the event

(i) Inundation with flood water i. Avoid culture of fishes requiring longer duration Immediately harvest the stocked --
of culture. fishes

ii. Initiating fish culture in advance in areas

frequently prone to flooding.

(ii) Water exchange and changes i. Strengthening of bunds and embankments either Application of lime to stabilize pH.
in water quality through turfing and terrracing

(iii) Health and diseases i. Water quality management to be followed Discard diseased stock and the following
thoroughly by weekly sampling to monitor water measures to be practiced:
quality parameters i. Drying up of confined water bodies

ii. Let pond bottom to sun dry by cracking

of soil to let out the release of obnoxious
gases and other pests

iii. Application of lime to balance soil pH.

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs The stock (feed and medicines ) have to be stored Discard stock if affected by water as they
(feed, chemicals etc) separately in rooms designed for the purpose with will lead to fungal borne infections in the
air circulation facilities and they have to be stored fish stock.
on raised platforms to avoid loss

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, i. Initiating fish culture in advance in areas ** As on date there has been no measure
aerators, huts etc) frequently prone to flooding to prevent damage to to give subsidy to the inland fish farmers
the infrastructure for loss of fish stock or infrastructure
hence the farmers are suffering a heavy

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 loss.

** Therefore suggestions can be made to

the Government to assess the impact of
damage and the rate of compensation can
be decided by the officials

(vi) Any other ** Special emphasis can be made to the Government for compensation to the practicing inland fish farmers as there is no help from
the Government as given to the fisher folk suffering damages due to cyclone. The practicing inland/marine fish farmers should
register with the State Fisheries Department to avail the formulated compensation

3. Cyclone / Tsunami Before the event During the event After the event

A. Capture

Marine

(i) Average compensation paid **As per the existing government norms compensation is given to the fisherfolk whenever there is loss due to the impact of
due to loss of fishermen lives cyclones/tsunami

(ii) Avg. no. of boats /

nets/damaged

(iii) Avg. no. of houses damaged

Inland Cyclone / Tsunami

B. Aquaculture/ Mariculture Before the event During the event After the event

(i) Overflow / flooding of ponds i. Planting trees like casuarinas along coastal belt
to avoid coastal erosion and inundation of sea
waters.

(ii) Changes in water quality i. Stocking fishes which can tolerate wide salinity Application of lime to stabilize pH.
(fresh water / brackish water changes eg. Milkfish, pearl spot etc.
ratio)

(iii) Health and diseases i. Water quality management to be followed Discard diseased stock and the following
thoroughly by weekly sampling to monitor water

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 quality parameters measures to be practiced:

i. Drying up of confined water bodies

ii. Let pond bottom to sun dry by cracking

of soil to let out the release of obnoxious
gases and other pests

iii. Application of lime to balance soil pH.

(iv) Loss of stock and inputs i.The stock (feed and medicines ) have to be stored Discard stock if affected by water as they
(feed, chemicals etc) separately in rooms designed for the purpose with will lead to fungal borne infections in the
fish stock.
air circulation facilities and they have to be stored
on raised platforms to avoid loss

(v) Infrastructure damage (pumps, Initiating fish culture in advance in areas ** Special emphasis can be made to the
aerators, shelters/huts etc) frequently prone to flooding to prevent damage to Government for compensation to the
practicing inland fish farmers as there is
the infrastructure
no help from the Government as given to
the fisher folk suffering damages due to
cyclone. The practicing inland/marine fish
farmers should register with the State
Fisheries Department to avail the
formulated compensation

(vi) Any other Training programmes for stakeholders including resource users, planners and policy makers on coastal regulations, shoreline
protection and environmental awareness.

4. Heat wave and cold wave Before the event During the event After the event

A. Capture

Marine i. To conduct studies on the ecological

changes to assess the density and diversity
of phyto and zooplankton and other
benthic macro fauna (collaborative work

25
 with State Universities-TANUVAS)

Inland

B. Aquaculture Before the event During the event After the event

(i) Changes in pond environment

(water quality)

(ii) Health and Disease

management

(iii) Any other i. Conservation of our coral reefs (natural

treasures) as they are the most diversified and
complex marine ecosystems

ii. Conserve seagrass beds by imposing strict

measures on trawling, removal for commercial
purposes.

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