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Industrial Project Documentation

Computer Programming (University of Gondar)

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University of Gondar

College of informatics

Department of Information Technology

Title: Online Bus Ticket Reservation System for Abay Bus

Project Team Members

SN NAME ID

1. ANDUALEM DERESSA BEDASA GUR/00592/12

2. ALELGN CHEMERE ASSEFA GUR/00494/12

3. HAYAT AHIMED MOHAMMED GUR/01560/12

4. ABBENEZER BIRHANIE ALEMAYEHU GUR/01226/12

5. EDEN GIRMA ZEWDE GUR/02267/12

A final project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BSc in
Information Technology.

Project Advisor: Mr Dires Negash (Msc)

Gondar, Ethiopia

April, #, /2023

CERTIFICATE

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I certify that this BSC industrial project entitled “online bus ticket reservation system” written by

Team members name signature

Andualem Deressa Bedasa …………………………

Alelgn Chemere Assefa ………………………….

Hayat Ahimed Mohammed ………………………….

Abbenezer Birhanie Alemayehu …………………………

Eden Girma Zewde …………………………

Name of Advisor: __________________ Name of head of Dept.: _______________

Signature of Advisor: _______________ Signature of head of Dept.: ____________

Examiner -1 Examiner -2

Name: ____________________ Name: _____________________

Signature: _________________ Signature: ___________________

DECLARATION

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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Giving acknowledgement and thank to all who show their love and support throughout our
endeavor.

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ABSTRACT

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A brief and concise introduction to what we are going to do or what will our project intended to
make.

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Table of Contents
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TABLE OF FIGURES

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LIST OF TABLES

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

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CHAPTER ONE

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1. Introduction

Transportation is means of conveyance or travel from one place to another11. There are a number
of means of transportation like bus, train, aeroplane, ship, car which are sophisticated and
modernized through time and technological improvements.

Now a days Transportation is a high-demand and fast-growing industry since it is one of the
major integrated part of our day to day life. Among those bus transportations is one of the chief
means. As transportation is a service, there is some sort of customer service being there.
Customer service is the interaction between the buyer of a product (services) and the company
that sells it.

The relationship between service provider and customer maintained through varies means along
the history of customer service with respect of technological breakthrough. In the first stage of
customer service history, all interactions between merchants and consumers were in person due
to the absence of technology which is Face-To-Face Service. Here after the invention and gradual
adoption of the telephone changed everything and calls became more common, the very first call
centers were created. Companies started hiring agents to answer phone calls and resolve
customer queries. Customer service history is step up to next with the invention of the www and
ended with the emergence of social media networks.

Good customer service is critical to business success, ensuring brand loyalty one customer at a
time. To make this plausible work flow should aided with technologies that fit with the age.

…………………………………………………..

1.1 Background of the Organization

Abay Bus

1 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transportation

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Transport P.L.C Company was established in 2006 by Amhara Development Association (ADA)
to address the nation-wide need for public transportation. The company launched operating
reliable bus transport services with modern Chinise Yutong bus and other model to deliver its
services to their customers. All of their buses are fitted with Air Conditioner as well as they have
enough legroom for your comfort. Abay Bus Transport P.L.C was legally constituted on Tir 29,
2006 E.C with Registration No. 0014/87.

Abay Bus Transport P.L.C buses are luxurious tourist buses with a capacity of 51 seats which are
equipped with Air conditioner, fridge, monitor, & safety belt so that passengers are entertained
by DVD/VCD music/film, Cake & soft drink or plastic packed water/Juice while travelling. At
present the company is rendering service from Addis to Bahirdar , Debre markos, Fenote Selam,

Koso Ber, Gondar, Debre Tabor, Debre Birhan, Dessie & weldeya on daily basis.

1.2 Statement of the problem

In our home land Ethiopia, most of public transportation means use manual system/paper based
system to buy a ticket except the airline. This manner of workflow strikes the efficiency of both
the transport service provider and customer. In manual one the user have to present physically at
ticket offices thereon hold up a long queue till his/her turn come. The crowded working
environments that created make customer tedious and arises complain constantly. The other
challenge is the customer can buy ticket which its departure place is where he/she is at the time.
In simple word user can’t buy ticket which its departure place is different from his/her residence
by his/her own. Common problem are:-

 Since the company could not open branch offices all across the country its accessibility is
limited or the customer compelled/required to get them where they are.
 As the company grown more and more it capacity rises, the existing system become
inadequate to handle the situation. It is need extra effort to manage all the scattered
branches offices of the company.
 Incapability to maintain good relationship with customers because of there is no platform
to communicate with the customer. Company can’t get comment from users whether
expectations met or not.

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 There is no consistent flow of information between service provider and customer.

Customer has no updated information about the company or the services. After buying
the ticket the customer can’t get customer support services as easy. There are few phone
lines for customer support which is fail to meet customer need. On the other side
company can hire agents to answer phone calls and resolve customer queries but it
expose the company to extra expenditure.
 All actors around are being exposed to undeserved waste of money and time. By
providing services and information online, the user can save time and money, just using
their mobile hand-set will be allowed to check for ticket availability and buy ticket
anytime and anywhere.

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1.3 Objectives of the Project

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1.3.1 General Objective

Our main objective is for developing a new online job portal system. Using this system job
applicants and recruiters can communicate with each other.

Principal intent of the project is developing web based online bus ticket reservation system for
Abay Bus Inc.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To study the background of the organization

 Study the existing system of bus ticket reservation system

 Analyzing the existing ticket reservation system

 Figure out the problems in the existing system

 collecting requirement and making interview

 specifying requirement and validation for the proposed system

 Review similar applications developed in other countries

 propose possible solutions for the existing system

 designing the proposed system

 Implement the proposed system

 To test the new proposed system

 To provide the end-user training and support

1.4 Systems development methodology (methodologies)

Systems development methodology is a standard process followed in an organization to conduct

all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.

1.4.1 Data collection methods

Data collection methods are the most important part of our project to find the main requirements
of system and how to understand the system is operating. The process of gathering and analyzing

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accurate data from various sources is the main input to tackle the project in efficient manner. To
gather the information we used data collection methods that mentioned as follow:-

Interviewing and Listening: we make an interview with different actors those involve in the
working area like manager, sales, driver, ticket office, attendant and customer.

Questionnaires: we prepare questionnaires and dispatch it to get information required for the
requirement analyses. Questionnaires prepared as a form filled by different individuals who have
contact with the existing system. Through this form get enough information about the existing
system and found input for the next phase.

Direct Observation: just gathering information from others is not sufficient to decide what was
going there, we also try to observe all the process by our own to figure out what take place
personally.
Document Analysis: we collect documents like ticket and working documents and other
documents used in the Abay bus Inc for the purposes of requirement determination.

1.4.2 System Development Process

In this project we make choice to follow iterative and Incremental system development process
along the process of the system that we are intended to build. When adopting the iterative
approach, the philosophy of incremental development will also often be used liberally and
interchangeably.

The system development process, also known as the system development life cycle, is a term
used in the development of software where a set of methodical processes, activities, or phases are
used to develop and implement a system. Each steps of the process performed iteratively and
incrementally to delivering a new version of the software for each one of iteration.

Each iteration passes through the requirements, design, coding and testing phases. And each
subsequent release of the system adds function to the previous release until all designed
functionally has been implemented.

Advantages of using an iterative or incremental development process include:

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Speed: Because you are using shorter development cycles and gathering feedback faster, you are
more inclined to identify problems faster and align better with customer needs.

Flexibility: Accommodating for changes at the end of each short development cycle helps us
respond to change faster and more efficiently.

Cost-effectiveness: We can also plan better for future development cycles based on the data of
past cycles, helping us use our resources much more efficiently.

Collaboration: Communicating with customers and other stakeholders after every short
development cycle enables a continuous flow of feedback and collaboration, bringing critical
insights into what’s working and what’s not for our project.

Reduced risk: Iterating through project will allow us to identify what we need to make our
project successful. Identifying critical issues early on in the development cycles also
significantly reduces the risk of the project failing.

1.4.3 System Development Approach

In this project object oriented system development approach will be used along the project
All object-oriented systems development approaches are developed in an incremental and
iterative manner.
An object-oriented systems development life cycle consists of a progressively developing
representation of a system component (what we will call an object) through the phases of
analysis, design, and implementation. In the early stages of development, the model built is
abstract, focusing on external qualities of the application system such as data structures, timing
and sequence of processing operations, and how users interact with the system. As the model
evolves, it becomes more and more detailed, shifting the focus to how the system will be built
and how it should function.
In the analysis phase, a model of the real-world application is developed showing its important
properties. The techniques and notations that are incorporated into a standard object-oriented
language are called the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

The object-oriented modeling approach provides several benefits, including:

 The ability to tackle more challenging problem domains

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 Improved communication among users, analysts, designers, and programmers

 Reusability of analysis, design, and programming results
 Increased consistency among the models developed during object oriented analysis,
design, and programming
 Works well in situations where complicated systems are undergoing continuous
maintenance, adaptation, and design

1.4.4 System Development Tools

In this section we cover the tool we utilize in our entire path of developing the online bus ticket
reservation system. We divide tools in to two categories hardware and software tools.
Hardware tools
Tools Utility
Pc To tackle the project
Desktop To tackle the project
Printer Print document and guidelines
Flash drive File storage
Mobile phone Sound recording (during interview) and capture image
Paper Publishing document,
Pen/pencil Penning, writing (during meeting time)

Table 1.1 List hardware tools.

Software tools
Tools Utility
Microsoft word Document
Microsoft power point Presentation
Microsoft excel Spread sheet
Adobe acrobat reader PDF reader
Microsoft Visio Make UML diagram
Google Chrome Browsing
Safari Browsing
C# server-side scripting language
HTML Building Web structure
CSS Styling website
Javascript Validation and animation(event)
MS-SQL Server Editing and executing SQL command
-SQL Server 2014 Management Studio

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-Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Express

IIS (Internet Information Service) Run server-side scripts
Adobe photo shop Photo editing
Adobe illustrator Logo design
Visual studio Development environment (IDE)
Sniping Tool Screen shoot
Windows operating system Both Server Side and Client Side can be Windows
operating system.

Table 1.2 List of software tools.

1.5 Significance of the Project

 It plays Indispensable and pervasive role in the area of customer service. All the services
provided by the company like booking, pending the reservation date and cancellation,
customer support service, will be available online for the customer
 The main goal of this project is developing online bus ticket reservation system for Abay
bus Inc, the new system will help so many individuals directly and indirectly.
 It extends the accessibility of the company, as the system gives the service online
company draws the ticket offices near to customer’s palm.
 Customer can save their time and money.
 Escape customer from undeserved waste of time and money in the process of booking
and getting service.
 Customer will not be limited with time and place to book ticket.
 It will create strong relationship between company and customers, as there is such kind of
tie, company can get feedback from customers whether the service provided is good or it
needs improvement.
 The number of customers will be raised and makes it available all over the world.
 Management made easy.
 Project team members learn how problems solved by developing software in the process
and acquire experience.

1.6 Beneficiaries of the project

 Passengers

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 Company, Abay bus Transport PLC

 In a company there are a lot of individual who use the product of our project.
 As a project team we will learn a lot by applying our skills and knowledge on the real
project practically. As well as it invite and create opportunity to exert our potential to
solve the real world problem more than mere suggestions.

1.7 Feasibility Study

The feasibility study was intended to examine the current system and determine whether there
was need for a new system to replace it or not. It tended to check whether the current system was
viable or not. We investigate the feasibility of a new system through cost-benefit analysis.

Those feasibility studies are legal feasibility, operational feasibility, technical feasibility,
schedule feasibility and economic feasibility. Feasibility study is the most important to assess the
various aspects before the inception of developing system. Involve determining whether the
system is advantageous for the organization from different perspective.

1.7.1 Economical Feasibility// Cost-benefit analysis

The purpose of the economic feasibility assessment was to determine the positive economic
benefits to the organization that the proposed system had to provide. It includes quantification of
all the benefits expected. This assessment typically involved a cost-benefit analysis (CBA).

The asset invested for the system will not exceed the benefit company can gain from the system.
Undoubtedly the online bus ticket reservation system found economically feasible.
1.7.2 Technical Feasibility

The assessment focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical resource of ticket
booking sector and their applicability in the proposed system. This aimed at evaluating both
hardware and software required for the new system. It also determined whether the current
facilities were adequate for the new system implementation.

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In this type of feasibility we have to see that whatever existing system in the organization
supports the computerized systems or not. In other words, is the computerized system working
same as that of the existing system?

The computerized system may not create any problem, if any problem regarding to the system
occurs, then the manner can contact to the software consultancy firm, so that they can remove the
problems or bugs. The system can also be expanded it the need arises. There are technical
guaranties of accuracy reliability and easy to access of data and data security.

1.7.3 Social and Operational Feasibility

This is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problem, and takes advantage of the
opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirement identified in
the requirement analysis phase of system development. It dealt with the effect of the system on
current society within the company.

The operational feasibility assessment focused on the degree to which the development projects
fitted in with the existing business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture, and existing business process.

To ensure success, desired operational outcomes were imparted during design and development.
These include such design-dependent parameters such as reliability, maintainability,
supportability, usability, predictability, disposability, sustainability, affordability and others.
These parameters were considered at the early stages of design where desired operational
behaviors are to be realized. A system design and development required appropriate and timely
application of engineering and management efforts to meet the previously mentioned parameters.
A system may serve its intended purpose most effectively when its technical and operating
characteristics are engineered into the design. Therefore, operational feasibility is a critical
aspect of the system engineering that needed to be an integral part of the early design phase.

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As the new system involve less persons the confusion arising in the process, the time lagged, the
labor and other cost are reduced.

Operating with records in both situations is quite different. Manual system was also disliked,
because of completion and other hassles involve maintaining records. After computerization it
becomes the job of single operator with no risk involved on posting and report generation. Speed
of the operator is also increased substantial.

The new online bus ticketing system is relatively easy to use for all users. This system designed
in a simple and meaningful way for every user to use it. In other word, those staffs in the
company no need go for specialized training; they just need have simple training from the
company and spend a few time try to use it. After that, they already can know how to use the new
online bus ticketing system and use it smoothly to increase the profit and the performance of the
company.

The online bus ticket reservation system solution was found reliable and adaptable therefore
making it operationally feasible.

1.7.4 Legal Feasibility

This study was conducted to determine whether the proposed system conflicted with legal
requirements. These were data processing system must comply with the local data protection
acts. Any legal aspects associated with the new system were assessed and then adequate measure
taken to protect the interest of passenger at online bus ticket reservation system. The online bus
ticket reservation system solution went through this stage successfully and the system was found
feasible.
1.7.5 Schedule Feasibility

Schedule feasibility is the measure of how reasonable the project timetable is. The project would
fail if it took too long to be completed before it is useful.

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According to the time schedule of this system, it was clear that the project would be scheduled
feasible since it would take approximately 3 months which was a relatively short period for such
a system.

1.7.6 Behavioral feasibility

As computer does the job of many people, less number of peoples required. Replacing the
existing system with the computerized system will not affect the job employment of the existing
employee as the employee can be shifted to other departments. For this reason the current staff
does not oppose the computerized system. Users should be trained through courses, so they will
become familiar to the system and operate the system easily.

1.8 Scope

1.8.1 Scope of the project

Project Scope is the work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified
features and functions. Therefore it involves all the works, processes, methods required to deliver
the project deliverables. In other words, the action we do to perform our product is the scope of
our project. Establishing project scope ensures that projects are focused and executed to
expectations. The scope provides a strong foundation for managing a project as it moves forward
and helps ensure that resources aren't diverted or wasted on out-of-scope elements.

 Design interface for each actors involve in the system

 Build interface for each actors involve in the system
 Implementing authentication system for who interact with the system
 Integrating different online payment platforms with the system
 Integrating RECAPTCHA with the system for security purpose
 Design database that met all the requirement specified
 Creating database with necessary number of tables
 Support Notification system to users by email
 Support password restore
 Support multilingual

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 Providing comment box to receive user feedback.

 Preparing video tutorial on how to use the system for passengers briefly.
 Preparing training and training guide for all actors who work in the company.
 Documenting everything we encounter throughout the project.
 Testing pilot project with few customers and workers in the company before deployment.

1.8.2 Scope of the product

Product scope defines the capabilities, characteristics, features and functions of the deliverables
at the end of the project.

 Register users

 Manage user profile

 Make reservation from 1 – 5 ticket at once

 Make payment online

 Select seat

 View reservation

 Postpone reservation

 Cancellation of ticket reservation

 Assign bus

 Manage route

 Assign tariff

 Generate report

 View report

 Check passenger attendance

 Search

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 Print invoice

1.9 Delimitation

Here in this section we explicitly mention what our project excludes from its scope. The
followings are not comprised in the system. The company may need other systems like human
resource management and others but concerned with ticket reservation system only.

1.10 Project schedule

To answer the questions, when and in what order will tasks be done? We utilize Gantt chart
technique of time scheduling, it is one of the most popular and useful ways of showing activities
(tasks) displayed against time. During the life of the project, actual progress is frequently
compared with the original schedule. This allows for evaluation of development activities. The
accuracy of the planning process can also be assessed. The project schedule provides a graphical
representation of predicted tasks, milestone, dependencies, task duration, and deadlines.

Figure 1.1

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