ASSIGNMENT-1

FEC-3
(Physical Education)

Name: Satwik Bhutani

Roll No.: 2K22/A10/24
 ABOUT THE GAME
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a
net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of
the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two
players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard
or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are
scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the
other team's half of the court.

Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play
ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor or ground, or if a fault has been
called by the umpire, service judge, or (in their absence) the opposing side.

The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile that

flies differently from the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the
feathers create much higher drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more
rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other
racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.
 HISTORY OF
BADMINTON
• Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across
Eurasia,[a] but the modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th
century among the expatriate officers of British India as a variant of the
earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older
term for "racquet".) Its exact origin remains obscure. The name derives
from the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire, but why
or when remains unclear. As early as 1860, a London toy dealer named
Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton Battledore – A New
Game, but no copy is known to have survived. An 1863 article in The
Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock
played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the
ground".

• The game originally developed in India among the British expatriates,[8]

where it was very popular by the 1870s.[6] Ball badminton, a form of the
game played with a wool ball instead of a shuttlecock, was being played in
Thanjavur as early as the 1850s[9] and was at first played interchangeably
with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or
wet weather.

• Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison
town of Poona,[8][10] where it was particularly popular and where the
first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873.[6][7][b] By 1875, officers
 returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the
sport was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly
established that games between two or four competitors worked the
best.[4] The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor
play, sometimes weighted with lead.[4] Although the depth of the net was
of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.[4]

• The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of
the Bath Badminton Club drew up revised regulations.[5] In 1890, Hart and
Bagnel Wild again revised the rules.[6] The Badminton Association of
England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched the
sport at a house called "Dunbar"[c] in Portsmouth on 13 September.[12]
The BAE started the first badminton competition, the All England Open
Badminton Championships for gentlemen's doubles, ladies' doubles, and
mixed doubles, in 1899.[5] Singles competitions were added in 1900 and
an England–Ireland championship match appeared in 1904.

• England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the

Netherlands, and New Zealand were the founding members of the
International Badminton Federation in 1934, now known as the Badminton
World Federation. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now
governs international badminton. Although initiated in England,
competitive men's badminton has traditionally been dominated in Europe
by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become dominant in
international competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India,
South Korea, Taiwan (playing as 'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations
which have consistently produced world-class players in the past few
decades, with China being the greatest force in men's and women's
competition recently. Great Britain, where the rules of the modern game
were codified, is not among the top powers in the sport, but has had
significant Olympic and World success in doubles play, especially mixed
doubles.
 RULES AND
REGULATIONS IN
BADMINTON
Court
• The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually
marked for both singles and doubles play, although badminton rules
permit a court to be marked for singles only. The doubles court is wider
than the singles court, but both are of the same length. The exception,
which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court
has a shorter serve-length dimension.

• The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 feet), and in singles this width
is reduced to 5.18 metres (17.0 feet). The full length of the court is 13.4
metres (44 feet). The service courts are marked by a centre line dividing
the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres
(6 feet 6 inches) from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries.
In doubles, the service court is also marked by a long service line, which is
0.76 metres (2 feet 6 inches) from the back boundary.

• The net is 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres
(5.00 feet) high in the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles
sidelines, even when singles is played.

• The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in
the Laws of Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be
suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve.
Serving
• The legal bounds of a badminton court during various stages of a rally for
singles and doubles games
• When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service
line on the opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and
receiver must remain within their service courts, without touching the
boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two
players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not block the
vision of the server or receiver.

• At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally
opposite service courts (see court dimensions). The server hits the
shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court. This is
similar to tennis, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must
be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being
hit by the server's racket, the shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce and in
badminton, the players stand inside their service courts, unlike tennis.

• When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their
opponent(s) (this differs from the old system where sometimes the serve
passes to the doubles partner for what is known as a "second serve").

• In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is
even, and in their left service court when their score is odd.
 • In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to
serve, but he/she changes service courts so that she/he serves to a
different opponent each time. If the opponents win the rally and their new
score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player
in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined
by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not by where they were
standing at the end of the rally. A consequence of this system is that each
time a side regains the service, the server will be the player who did not
serve last time.

Scoring
• Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever
they win a rally regardless of whether they served (this differs from the old
system where players could only win a point on their serve and each game
was played to 15 points). A match is the best of three games.

• If the score ties at 20–20, then the game continues until one side gains a
two-point lead (such as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29–29, in
which the game goes to a golden point of 30. Whoever scores this point
wins the game.
 • At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which
the shuttlecock is pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed,
with the winners choosing whether to serve or receive first, or choosing
which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents making the
leftover the remaining choice.

• In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first.

Matches are best out of three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21
points each) to win the match. For the first rally of any doubles game, the
serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who
receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the
match reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the
game and when the leading player's or pair's score reaches 11 points.

Lets
• If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the
score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance such as a
shuttlecock landing on a court (having been hit there by players playing in
adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead rail
which can be classed as a let.

• If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be
called; yet, if the receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver
shall be judged to have been ready.
 WARMING UP &
COOLING DOWN
WARMING UP:

1. Gentle Jog
The first thing I like to do when warming up is a gentle jog, this helps to
gradually start increasing your heart rate and gets the blood pumping around
your body. Increasing your heart rate is vital before a badminton match or a
training session, or any form of exercise for that matter, in order for us to
perform at our maximum level as soon as you step on court.

2. Side Steps
After the gentle jog, I normally go straight into side steps, this again is a great
warm-up exercise, particularly for badminton. A lot of my warm-up exercises will
be mimicking what happens on a badminton court, just at a lower intensity as
we get the muscles ready to play some badminton. As you can see I am side
stepping across the width of three courts, changing the leg I lead with on the
way back. This activity uses a different set of muscles when you move forwards
or backwards, so it activates these potentially underused muscles, improving my
general balance and side-to-side movements.

3. "The Chasse"
I then go into "the chasse", this warm-up exercise is particularly useful for
badminton, as when you think about being on court, you are constantly
changing direction, which is exactly what this exercise entails. You can see I am
pushing off with both feet, doing two side steps diagonally before switching
direction. The key to this exercise is keeping it controlled, staying on the balls of
your feet, keeping your knees bent and focusing on the correct movement
pattern.
4. High Knees and Heel Flicks
The next set of warm-up exercises I do is high knees and kickbacks or heel flicks,
both of these activities are great full leg warm-ups, activating your leg muscles.
High knees also activate your abdominal muscles, a lot of your balance comes
from your core, so activating these muscles is vital for remaining stable on court
and controlling your movements. Again, I am using the widths of the courts for
this activity, doing high knees on the way there and kickbacks on our return.

5. Lunges
Personally, I think lunges are one of the most important warm-up exercises. As
badminton players, we lunge every time we go into the forecourt to do a net
shot, so ensuring our lunges are controlled is vital for great performance. I
prefer walking lunges, switching legs each time I move forward, and as you can
see I am focusing on remaining stable and balanced.

6. "The Karaoke"
Another key skill we need as badminton players is agility, so the next warm-up
activity I like to do is "the karaoke". This is a fast-paced activity that helps with
my quick feet, an essential skill for speed on court. I also find this exercise
helpful to my core or trunk mobility especially when I am always turning around
and chasing the shuttle on the court.

7. Sprints
Another heart rate-raising exercise is sprints. Now, it's important that sprints are
done at the end of your warm-up because sprinting when your body is not
properly warmed up is dangerous as it may cause injury. However, doing this at
the end is great, it prepares your body for maximum intensity as you go into
your game.

8. Skips / Hops
You can also do some hops and skips as part of your warm-up routine.

9. Stretches
Moving onto stretches, I find it beneficial to do some dynamic stretches. I like to
do some leg swings, arm swings, and "opening and closing the gate". All of these
help with flexibility, agility, and acceleration before you go on court.
10. Elbow Pull Apart
I start by tucking in my elbows and positioning them at 90 degrees angle, before
slowly pulling the Theraband side-ways, about 15-20 reps.

11. Front Arm Raise

The next 3 exercises focus more on the shoulder and deltoid muscle. Step on the
band for the right resistance and pull it upwards to focus on the front of the
deltoid.

12. Side Arm Raise

Then repeat the same thing by going outwards. I generally don't go above my
head for these exercises. I do them for about 12-15 reps each.

13. Back Arm Raise

I then move onto the little back deltoid muscle. I make sure my back is straight
and bend my knees to be around 45 degrees angle and straighten my elbow
whilst pulling my shoulder backward. You should feel the small muscle at the
back of your deltoid working during this exercise. Repeat this for about 12-15
reps.

14. Freestyle Movements

I then go into what I call "freestyle movements" to get myself loose. First, I start
with some shoulder circles where I move my outstretched arms clockwise and
anticlockwise. Next, I do some racket swing movements focussing on bringing
my elbow forward during the swing phase to get some mobility and movement
into it to prepare my shoulder which leads me straight into some freestyle
swimming movements. I finally finish off with some 'fist circles' where I
essentially make circles with my fists with my elbow tucked in at around 90
degrees for some biceps, triceps movements as well.

COOLING DOWN:
1. Gentle Jog
I like to start with a gentle jog after a game. If you've had an intense session, this
will move the lactic acid that has accumulated in your muscles around so your
body can get rid of it ASAP. Doing this gently will slowly start to bring your heart
rate down. If you go straight into static stretches, the sudden decrease in heart
rate may make you feel light-headed, whereas doing a jog eases that transition
from stress to rest. Make sure it is an extremely gentle jog, don't put more stress
on your body after a tough session or game.

2. Static Stretches
After a jog, I usually do some static stretches. These really aid a speedy recovery
to ensure you're ready to play again soon! I would normally hold each static
stretches for at least 30 seconds before moving on to the next stretch. I tend to
set an interval timer on my phone to help keep time. You want to be stretching
all those major muscle groups that you've just used for your badminton game,
so that's your thighs, calves, hamstrings, wrists, and shoulders.
________________________THANK YOU ______________________