Republic of the Philippines

Cotabato State University

College of Arts and Sciences
Social Work Department

BADMINTON

Enged, Benzar K.
Bayao, Benladin A.
Ebrahim, Sarah B.
Cañete, Pauline Ruth P.
Ebrahim, Moen A.
Cadir, Noria A.
Dadtum, Mahira P.

SIR. SAIDEN D. DAGSA

INSTRUCTOR
 TABLE OF CONTENT

History and Development..................................................................................

Facilities and Equipment...................................................................................
Shuttlecock and Racket....................................................................................
Mechanics and Rules of Game..........................................................................
Foundamental Skills...........................................................................................
Shots and Shots Selection.................................................................................
Badminton Strategies.......................................................................................
Badminton Glossary...........................................................................................
 CHAPTER IV

BADMINTON

History and Development

A game with a shuttlecock is widely believed to have originated in

ancient Greece about 2000 years ago. From there, it spread via the
Indo-Greek kingdoms to India and then farther east to China and
Thailand.In medieval England, a children's game called Battledore
and Shuttlecock was popular. Children would use Battledores
(paddles) to hit the shuttlecock up in the air and prevent it from
reaching the ground.

In the 1860's, British Army officers in India, included a net in the

game of Battledore and Shuttlecock, therefore making it more
competitive. The game was known as Poona at that time.The British
Army officers brought this game to England and played it in the
estate of the Duke of Beaufort called "Badminton House". Being not
familiar to the game, the Duke of Beaufort's non- military guests
began referring to the game as "The Badminton Game", and thus
the game became known as "Badminton."
Below is a brief overview of the generally acknowledged important highlights of
the game's development.

1877 The Bath Badminton Club, the first badminton club in the world,
wrote down the rules of badminton for the first time.
1893 The Badminton Association of England (BAE) printed and
circulated the first proper set of rules, similar to that of today.
1899 All England Open Badminton Championships, the first organized
badminton competition in the world was
conducted by BAE.
1920 British and American emigrants commenced badminton in the
Philippines.
1934 The International Badminton Federation (IBF) became the
governing body of the sport. It was established with Canada,
Denmark, England, France, the Netherlands, Ireland, New
Zealand, Scotland, and Wales as its founding members.
1949 Philippine national rankings produced Adriano Torres, the first
national men's singles champion.
1952 The Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) was created and
became the first national badminton organization, originally
composed of 28 badminton clubs. Philippines became the 21st
member country of the IBF.
1972 Badminton debuted as a demonstration sport at the Munich
Olympics.
1981 A Philippine badminton team competed in the South East Asian
Games for the first time.
1984 Philippines joined the Thomas Cup for the first time.
1992 Badminton was elevated to being an Olympic medal sport in
Barcelona.

Philippines joined the Uber Cup for the first time, resulting in a
victory over Tanzania.
1996 Weena Lim became the first Filipino badminton player to qualify
and participate in the Atlanta Olympics.
1997 The Philippines hosted the 1st Asian Juniors Badminton
Championships participated by 200 players from 21 countries.
2001 The Philippines hosted the 1st JVC Open Asian Badminton
Championships.
2001- JVC National Open Tournaments were played in malls to
2005 encourage more people to play badminton.
2006 The IBF was renamed as Badminton World Federation (BWF).

Start of the Philippine Badminton Open, a BWF sanctioned

tournament.
2008 The mixed doubles team of Kennie and Kennievic Asuncion
placed as high as #11 in the world rankings by the BWF due to
their strong performances in international competitions.
2009 The Philippines participated for the first time in the Sudirman Cup
World Mixed Team Championships in Guangzhou, China.
2012 Filipina Paula Lynn Obanana played for team USA in the Uber
Cup held in Wuhan, China.
Indonesian Rexy Mainaky, the 1995 world champion and 1996
Olympic gold medallist, signed a two-year deal with the
Philippine Badminton Association to become its coaching
director.

Facilities and Equipment

Court
Although court can be set outdoors, competitive badminton is generally
played indoor where the wind and other elemens will not affect the shuttle. The
official badminton court is 20 ft. wide, while the single court is 17 ft. wide.

On each doubles sideline is a post, which hold the net firm across the center of
the court. The net is made of dark but clearly visible mesh with a white tape that
run across its top. It measures 5 feet from the ground at the center and 5 feet
and 1 inch from the ground at the post.
Overall Court Dimensions
The badminton court measures 44 feet long and 20 feet wide. The lines along
these measurements are the side line for doubles and the back bounding line of
the court.

Short Service Line

The short service line is the line 6.5 feet from the line that may be made by the
net if the court is seen from a bird's eye view.

Center Line
The center line, 10 feet from the side line for doubles, it's the line that runs from
the short service line to the back boundary line. This delineates the left from the
right service court.

Side Line for Singles

The side line for singles is marked 1 foot or 4.5 inches from the edge of the side
line for doubles.

Side Line for Doubles

The outermost line at the side marks is the side line for doubles.
Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles
The outermost line at the end of the court functions as the back boundary line
for singles and doubles and long service line for singles.

Long Service Line for Doubles

The Long Service Line for Doubles is marked 2 feet 4.5 inches inside the back
boundary line.

Shuttlecock

A badminton shuttlecock is made of natural or

synthetic material, or a combination of the two.
There are 16 feathers that are connected to the
rounded, leather-covered, cork base. All of the
feathers are with the same length, and must be
between 64mm and 70mm. The feather tips form
a diameter of 58mm to 68mm. The shuttlecock
weighs about 5g and, consequently, can travel at
a very high speed during play.

Racket

A badminton racket is lightweight and may be

made of wood, aluminum, or synthetic material
such as graphite or carbon. The racket is flat and
the strings are crossed in a uniform pattern all
over the head, with no variation. The racket
frame cannot be longer than 27.2 inches, and the
width of the head should be 9.2 inches or less.
The stringed area may not be more than 11.2
inches long and 8.8 inches wide.
Mechanics and Rules of the Game
Badminton is a racket sport for two in singles, or four in doubles. The objects of
the game are to get to 21 points with at least a two-point advantage. A point is
scored when the shuttlecock is not properly returned. The match is won by the
player or team that wins two games.

Scoring System
Each game is played up to 21 points; the match goes to the side that wins the
best of three games. Each rally won by side is a point added to its score. If the
score is tied at 20, the side that achieves an advantage of two points wins the
game. But, if the score is still tied at 29, the first side that scores 30 wins the
game. The winner in a game serves first side that scores 30 wins the game.
The winner in a game serves first in the next game.

Intervals and Change of Ends

Players have a one-minute interval when the leading score reaches 11. In
between the games, players get a two-minute break. Should there be a third
game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11.

Points in Singles
At the start of each game and when the score is even, the player serves from
the right service court and serves diagonally to the receiver’s box. Same thing
happens if the score is odd, except that the server serves again, following the
odd-even scheme. If the receiver wins the rally, he gains a point and the
service. He then serves from the side of his end as indicated by his score.

Points in Doubles
At the start of each game and when the score is even, the player serves from
the right service court, directing the serve to the diagonal receiver’s box.
Same thing happens if the score is odd. Except that the server serves from the
left. If the serving team wins the rally, it gains a point and the server serves
again, following the odd-even scheme. If the receiving team wins the rally, it
gains a point and becomes the new serving side. The player on the receiving
side who served last stays in the same service court from where he served last.
After the serve is received, players may already stay anywhere the want
according to their strategy.
Faults
A fault results to a loss of point and serve. It is a fault if:
1. Service is illegal, that is, if:
a. Shuttlecock is struck above the waist level;
b. Shuttlecock does not penetrate the correct court;
c. Racket head is not lower than the serving hand at the instance of the
serve;
d. Server lifts one or both feet during service;
e. Server drags his foot;
f. Server feints a serve;
g. Server misses the shuttlecock in attempting to serve; or
h. Server steps on the line or stands outside of the proper court during
service.

2. Receiver steps on the line or stands outside of the proper court during
service.
3. Receiver does not keep both of his feet in contact with the correct court
during service;
4. Shuttlecock drops outside the playing area;
5. A player contacts the net with any part of his body or his implements;
6. A player reaches over the net to hit the shuttle; or
7. A player/team hits the shuttle twice in attempting to return.

Lets
A let is a situation that calls for a discontinuity of the rally and therefore, the rally
shall be pre-served as no points is gained by either of the players. A let occurs
if:
1. Player delivers the serve before the receiver is ready;
2. Both the server and the receiver commit faults at the same time.
3. The shuttlecock disintegrates during the rally; or
4. The shuttlecock is caught by the remains suspended on top of the net.
Fundamental Skills

Footwork
Your opponent will do his best to direct every shot away from you and the only
way for you to reach the shuttlecock is for you to have a good footwork.
Badminton footwork is the most fundamental skill that you must have in order
for you to get better in your game. Good footwork is simply having the ability to
contact the shuttle early with stability. Almost always, your racket hand and
racket foot should go together as you execute the shot.
Bend your knees a little with your feet shoulder width apart. Position racket up
in front of you as you put your weight on the balls of your feet. You should be in
this ready position in the center of the midcourt area.
If the shuttlecock is directed to your frontcourt, execute the V-front by taking a
small step first followed by a lunge with your racket leg to reach the shuttlecock.
The timing of the shot will be improved if you land with your racket leg
simultaneously with the shot.
If the shuttlecock is directed to your midcourt, execute the defense side by
extending your racket leg to reach the shuttlecock that is hit towards your
racket side. Extend your racket leg and rotate your hips and shoulders to reach
shuttle that is hit towards your non-racket side, making a backhand stroke,
especially for those shots that are considerably far.

If the shuttlecock is directed to your backcourt, execute the V-back by rotating

your hips and shoulders and move back far enough so that you stay behind the
falling shuttlecock. This way, you will have more options with your shots. If you
are too slow in going to the correct area, you are most likely to respond with a
weak shot.

Grip
A correct badminton grip is the groundwork of playing badminton. Your stroke's
power and accuracy will greatly suffer if you hold your racket wrongly. Your
shots will be limited and you will have less chances of winning. Therefore, a
correct grip is a must. Furthermore, you will need to learn how to change grip
very quickly during the rally.
 Forehand Grip Backhand Grip

• Hold the handle of your racket. • Hold the racket like that of a
hand as if you were shaking hands forehand grip, and then turn the
with it. racket counter-clockwise so that the
V shape moves leftwards.
• Make a V shape in between your • Hold the racket handle loosely in
thumb and your index finger. your fingers for greater flexibility,
placing your thumb against the back
bevel of the handle for greater
leverage and power.
• Hold the racket handle loosely in • Shorten your grip by placing it
your fingers for greater flexibility. nearer to the shaft for better control
and accuracy when serving and
attacking from the forecourt and
midcourt. Lengthen your grip by
placing it near the butt of the racket
for power shots, especially at the
backcourt.
• Shorten your grip by placing it • Use this grip to hit shots that are on
nearer to the shaft for better control the non-racket side of your body.
and accuracy when serving and
attacking from the forecourt and
midcourt. Lengthen your grip by
placing it near the end of the handle
 racket for power shots, especially at
the backcourt.
• Use this grip to hit shots that are on
the racket side of your body and
around-the-head shots.

Serve
Mastering the different Badminton Services is essential if you want to improve
your game. Serving is the start of a point and could give you a win right away.
Use it not merely as "just a serve but a weapon during games.

Basically, there are four types of serves:

High Serve

The high serve is mostly used in singles in order to force your opponent to
move to the backcourt. To execute this serve, use your forehand grip and stand
a few feet behind the service line. Put your weight on your racket foot and
place your non-racket foot forward.
Low Serve

Use this badminton serve with a forehand or a backhand to persuade your

opponent to lift the shuttlecock in his return. It is most often used in doubles,
but you can also use it in singles especially if your opponent's attack is too
strong.

Mix the low serve occasionally in your singles game. Your opponent might be
caught off-guard if you can do it well.

Forehand Low Backhand Low

Stand near the short service. line if Stand in a comfortable and balanced
serving in doubles, but stand 2-3 feet position with your racket in front.
before the short service line if serving
in singles.
Put your weight on your racket foot Put your weight on your racket foot
and place your non-racket foot and place your non-racket foot
forward. behind, making sure that both feet
are in contact with the court.
Hold the shuttlecock loosely by the Hold the shuttlecock on the tip of the
feathers. feathers in front of your waist level.
Swing your racket forward as you Execute a short back swing then
bring the shuttlecock closer to meet bring the racket forward to hit the
the racket instead of dropping it in shuttlecock.
front. Simultaneously, transfer your
weight to your non-racket foot.
Hit the shuttlecock at the highest Try to make the shuttlecock. glide
possible point below your waist level. through the top of the net on its flight.
Try to make the shuttlecock glide You may shorten your grip for a
through the top of the net on its flight. better control.

Flick Serve

A flick serve is executed when an opponent has momentum and is on the

offensive. Wrist action plays a very important part in the execution of this serve,
on either your forehand or backhand. It isa misleading serve that gives an idea
that you are going to perform & low serve, but at the last split second you flick
your wrist to force the shuttlecock over. Direct the above your opponent's
backhand out of his reach.
Drive Serve

This serve can be used in singles and doubles with a forehand underhand
action. Stand in a relaxed but balanced and controlled position, a bit away from
the service line. Position your non-racket foot near the net and place your
racket foot behind. Position your racket a little below the waist level and bring it
back parallel to it. Hold the shuttlecock loosely by the feathers and let it drop
slightly to your side. Forcefully swing the racket forward to hit the shuttlecock
and let it pass the net at a flatter angle. Limit your follow-through as your racket
face stays square with the net. This serve should be directed to the corners at
the backcourt to create greater movement for your opponent.

It my give you a point immediately or force a poor return if your opponent is not
ready, but make sure you hit the shuttlecock below your waist to make your
service legal.
Shots and Shots Selection
There are a variety of types of badminton shots. These executed depending on
where the shuttlecock is in relation to the badminton court. The position of your
opponent also plays a big Factor in choosing what shot to execute.
If the shuttlecock drops to the frontcourt, most likely, you would like to hit it
with any of these shots

1. Lift/Underhand Clear – Hn the shuttlecock in an upward motion causing

it to go high and drop to the back of the opponent’s end

2. Net Kill -Hit the shuttlecock forcibly at the net area forcing it to dive
down tast to the opponent’s end

3. Net Shot -Gently push the shuttlecock at the net area causing it to drop
immediately after crossing the net at the Opponent’s frontcourt.

If the shuttlecock is directed to the midcourt, most likely, you would like to hit
with any of these shots:

1. Drive-Hit the shuttlecock at net height causing it to travel Flat and with
sufficient pace into the opponent’s midcount to backcourt area.

2 Lift-Hit the shuttlecock in an upward motion causing it to go high and

drop into the opponent’s hackcourt,

3 Push-Hit the shuttlecock softly to moderate pace into the opponent’s

frontcourt to midcourt area.

4 Smash-Forcefully hit the shuttlecock with an overhead stroke forcing it

towards the opponent’s end to finish the Rally.
Overhead shots are the preferred shots that are done at the Backcourt. If the
shuttlecock is directed to the backcourt, most likely, you would like to hit it with
any of these shots:

1. Clear/Lob-Hit the shuttlecock high into the opponerd’s Backcourt.

2. Drop Shot – Hit the shuttlecock from backcourt causing it to go down

immediately after crossing over the net into the opponent’s frontcourt.

3. Smash - Hit the shuttlecock at high speed towards the opponent’s

midcourt.

Badminton Strategies

Badminton Strategies may not be learned in an instant if you are to learn them
on your own. It is by observing how your opponents react to every shot that you
may discover the appropriate strategies to use. Using Badminton strategies in
your game is necessary in winning your points, games, and ultimately matches.
Just knowing how to smash powerfully will not earn you a gold medal if you
don’t have a game plan. Try to force a weak shot from your opponent in
which you will be able to make an effective attack. Many beginning players
attempt of making every shot a winning shot instead of patiently setting up a
perfect opportunity for them to execute a winning shot.

Strategies in Single

To serve long and high to your

opponent’s backcourt is a service
strategy often used in singles. This
forces your opponent to move back
and open up his frontcourt. A low
serve, however, will make your
opponent lift the shuttle, giving you an
opportunity to attack. Professional
players seldom use the long and high
serve nowadays because they know
how athletic the other players are. If this is the case, you can be on the
defensive if you serve high. It all depends on your opponent’s style. If your
opponent favors high serves and puts you under pressure, use the low serve.
The basic strategy in singles is to move your opponent around the court. Direct
the shuttlecock to the four corners of the court for you to set-up a good
opportunity for an attack. If your strategy works and forces a mistake or a poor
return from your opponent, use it again to set-up your attack. If it does not
work, then have the wisdom to make amendments to your game plan. The key
is to be flexible. Always go back to your base position in the midcourt area
every after each shot you make. Your base is where you can possibly reach
any of your opponent’s shots at the shortest possible time.

Strategies in Doubles

During service and when your opponents are giving lifts or lobs, you and your
partner should be in attack mode. You can effectively do this if you are in
Attacking Formation (front-and-back). Serve low so that your opponents will
be prevented from attacking the serve. If you are the server, take position on
the front. Your partner shall then cover the backcourt. If the situation is
reversed, be ready for attacks or smashes and therefore you should be in a
Defensive Formation (side-by-side). When you use the flick serve to prevent
your opponent from rushing to the net, immediately be on a defensive mode.

Always try to make your weaker opponent go to the back of their end so that
you can launch an attack. When you defend, try to direct the shuttlecock deep
into your opponent’s end to avert your opponent in the front position from
intercepting the shuttlecock from midcourt to frontcourt. Push or drive the
shuttlecock to the area in between your opponents to make them more
indecisive. Make a return to your opponent’s frontcourt to force them lift the
shuttle. The player who plays a net shot or push will have to take up the front
position at once while the partner takes charge at the back. An attacking
formation shall then be formed. If you become the back player, create
openings for your partner to “kill” in the frontcourt.
Strategies to Mixed Doubles
Generally, the female is considered as
the “weaker” player, therefore, the
female should stay in front creating a
front-and-back formation. The male
hits hard smashes at the back, forcing
a weak return from the opponents so
that the female can attack at the net. A
good position for both players should
be achieved for them to be able to
execute push low over the net to the
midcourt area, just past the front
player's area but in front of the back
player. There will be times you will be
put in a defensive mode; therefore, you
should be in a side-by-side formation.
Apply flick serve frequently to the
female when she receives to force her
to the backcourt. In this way, you might
get a weak return, thus an opportunity for you to attack.
Badminton Glossary

Alley an extension of the court’s

sides by 1.5 feet that is used in
doubles.
Attacking Clear an offensive shot, which is hit
deep into the opponent’s
court.
Attacker a player who hits numerous
smash shots and who uses
jumps to compel the opposing
team into a defensive
formation.
Back Alley the area between the back
boundary line and the long
service line for doubles.
Backcourt the back third of the court, in the
area of the back boundary lines.
Backhand a stroke executed at the
player’s non-racket side. The
opposite of forehand.
Balk any deceptive movement that
attempts to fool or deceive an
opposing player before or
during the service. It is also
called a “feint”.
Baseline the back boundary line that
marks the end of the court. It
runs parallel to the net.
Base position the center of an end of the court
to which a player returns to after
a shot.
Bird see shuttlecock.
Block Return a return shot that drops quickly
over the net because it was not
hit with much force.
Bringer a player who returns all shots
that come into his end of the
court.
BWF (Badminton World Federation)
The highest governing body of
Badminton.
Carry an illegal stroke, which happens
when the shuttlecock is briefly
caught and held on the racket
and then slung over the net.
Also called sling or throw.
Center Line the line that separates the left
and right service courts.