Pe Final Report-1
Pe Final Report-1
REPORT ON
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL
Submitted By
SUBMITTED TO
Assistant Professor
Sce.Dept of CV Page 1
SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BENGALURU-560057
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi and approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Accredited by NAAC with „A‟ Grade & NBA Accredited [ECE, ME, EEE, CSE, ISE]
( An ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified Institution)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Report entitled "PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS &
ATHLETICS) (BPEK459)"carried out by, Ms. SINCHANA.S.ADNUR (1SG23CV008), is
the bonafide student of Fourth Semester, Sapthagiri College of Engineering in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil of Visveshvaraya Technological
University. Belagavi during the academic year 2024-2025. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
Report deposited in the departmental library. The activity report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements with respect to Activity work prescribed for the said
degree.
Dr. Tulsidas.D
(Principal)
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SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BENGALURU-560057
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi and approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Accredited by NAAC with „A‟ Grade & NBA Accredited [ECE, ME, EEE, CSE, ISE]
( An ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified Institution)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would
be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible and under whose
encouragement the task was completed.
Sce.Dept of CV Page 3
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project report titled “PHYSICAL EDUCATION (Sports
and athletics )(BPEK 458) and has been prepared by us during the academic year 2024-25.
This report is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the
Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering.
This work has been carried out under the esteemed guidance of prof.Charitha .patel.A
Department of Civil Engineering, at Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore.
Your sincerely,
Sce.Dept of CV Page 4
Abstract
Badminton is a popular racquet sport that involves quick movements, agility, and reflexes. A
badminton action analysis is a process in which quantify the various actions performed by the
player using various sensors or image processing-based approaches. In this paper, a sensor-
based approach to collect player action data for various shots, analyse the same and create a
Long short-term memory-based model to classify various shots. The trained Long short-term
memory model has a Micro F1 score of 0.84. The Model would then generate a shot accuracy
score between 1-10. A professional badminton coach also rated the shots, and a comparison
was made between the score given by the coach and the ML model. Additionally, arm
section-wise comparison of the shot was made. This allows for a more granular analysis of
the shot. A comparison of the arm-wise shot is also conducted. It can be seen from the results
that the scores given by the coach and the Long short-term memory-based ML model
matched by 98.6%. So it can be concluded that such a sensor-based wearable badminton
teaching technique can be deployed to enable underprivileged beginner badminton players to
achieve higher shot accuracy by allowing them to correct postures during the swing action of
the arm.
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SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BENGALURU-560057
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi and approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
Accredited by NAAC with „A‟ Grade & NBA Accredited [ECE, ME, EEE, CSE, ISE]
( An ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 Certified Institution)
CONTENTS
02 HISTORYOF BADMINTON 10
03 COURT MEASUREMENT 11
04 SKILLS REQUIRED 12
07 PHOTOS 21
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List of figures
Fig. no Figure name Pg no
Fig 1 Badminton 8
Fig 2 Badminton Requirements 9
Fig 3 Charles gleyre 11
Fig 4 Badminton court dimension 12
Fig 5 Badminton 13
Fig 6 serving 16
Fig 7 Saina Nehwal 18
Fig 8 Pv sindhu 19
Fig 9 Kidambi srikanth 20
Fig 10 Babminton cocks 21
Fig 11 Badminton bat 21
Fig 12 Badminton shots 21
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FITNESS AND TYPES OF FITNESS
Fitness is a state of health and well-being that encompasses physical, mental, and emotional
aspects. It's the ability to carry out daily tasks and activities without undue fatigue. Physical
fitness is typically divided into health-related and skill-related components, each focusing on
different aspects of physical ability.
Cardiovascular fitness
Cardiovascular fitness is our body‟s ability to deal with oxygen. In particular, the efficiency
with which our lungs and heart can take it in, transport it, and use it to fuel our movements.
Activities that test and develop our cardiovascular fitness, or cardio as we like to shorten it to,
are things like running, swimming, cycling, and most sports.
Muscular Strength
When we think about their muscles, it‟s easy to think about strength exclusively. Muscular
strength relates to the amount of force a muscle can exert. It requires a particular type of
muscle fibre. As our strength grows, the number of these fibres increases and our muscle
mass will increase too. Strength lets us lift heavy. But, it‟s not the only type of muscular
fitness.
Muscular Endurance
Muscular endurance is the amount of time our muscles can work for without getting tired.
The maximum force here is less relevant, and it‟s more about the prolonged demand our
muscles can deal with. Muscular endurance requires a different type of muscle fibre.
Endurance lets us go for longer.
In real life, you need both muscular strength and muscular endurance. It‟s hard to have one
without the other. The way you train in the gym will determine which type of fitness
you‟re developing more.
Figure 1:BADMINTON
Figure 1:BADMINTON
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Flexibility/Mobility
Flexibility and mobility are grossly underrated elements of fitness. They get neglected a lot.
But without them, we‟d be unable to do all our bodily movements. Flexibility is the ability of
our muscles to lengthen. Mobility is our range of motion within a joint. Maintaining good
levels of these is integral to keeping active and injury-free.
In reality, exercise doesn‟t improve one element of fitness exclusively. Activities, exercises,
and workouts will probably test more than one type of fitness at a time. A Yoga session will
probably test your muscular endurance, a bit of strength, and your flexibility. A HIIT class
will likely test your cardiovascular fitness, your strength, and your endurance. A weightlifting
session will probably have a go at your muscular strength and endurance.
The point isn‟t to get overwhelmed with all the things we need to consider regarding fitness.
We don‟t need to have a checklist to tick off. It‟s just about understanding the reductive view
we‟ve developed of what fitness looks like. Fitness means more than just how long we spend
at the bench press.
Reduces injury risk and enhances reach and stroke quality. Dynamic stretching before play
and static stretching after play .
Badminton is a fast-paced, dynamic sport that demands:
1. Quick movements and rapid changes of direction.
2. Agility and speed to cover the court.
3. Flexibility to stretch and reach for shots.
Players need to be able to move their bodies quickly and efficiently to hit shots, such as:
1. Smashes
2. Drops
3. Net shots
4. Clears
Figure
Figure 2:BADMINTON
2:BADMINTON SHOTS SHOTS
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HISTORY OF BADMINTON
Games employing shuttle cocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia , but the
modern game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the expatriate officers
of British India as a variant of the earlier game of battle dore and shuttlecock ("Battledore"
was an older term for "racquet".) Its exact origin remains obscure. The name derives from
the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton House in Gloucestershire but why or when remains
unclear As early as 1860, a London toy dealer named Isaac Spratt published a booklet
entitled Badminton Battledore – A New Game, but no copy is known to have survived. An
1863 article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as "battledore and shuttlecock
played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the ground".
The game originally developed in India among the British expatriates, where it was very
popular by the 1870s. Ball badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of
a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s] and was at first played
interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woollen ball being preferred in windy or
wet weather.
Early on, the game was also known as Poona after the garrison town of Poona (Pune), where
it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873. By
1875, officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport
was played with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games
between two or four competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated
with India rubber and, in outdoor play, sometimes weighted with lead Although the depth of
the net was of no consequence, it was preferred that it should reach the ground.
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BAE started the first badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton
Championships for gentlemen's doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899. Singles
competitions were added in 1900 and an England–Ireland championship match appeared in
1904.
England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New
Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now
known as the Badminton World Federation. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF
now governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's
badminton has traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian
nations have become dominant in international
competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, South Korea, Taiwan (playing as
'Chinese Taipei') and Japan are the nations which have consistently produced world-class
players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in men's and women's
competition recently. Great Britain, where the rules of the modern game were codified, is not
among the top powers in the sport, but has had significant Olympic and World success in
doubles play, especially mixed doubles.
FIELD/COURT MEASUREMENT.
The badminton net is an essential part of the court setup. Here‟s how it should be placed:
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SKILLS REQUIRED
Racket Grip – Before even practicing the swing and shots of badminton,
players can fine tune the forehand and backhand grip so that they are ready for any
shot on the court.
Racket Swings – Players can develop the basic forehand strokes and backhand
strokes. Badminton players can practice the overhead forehand stroke, overhand
backhand stroke, underhand forehand stroke, underhand backhand stroke so they can
hit the shuttle consistently.
Figure
Figure 5:BADMINTON
5:BADMINTON
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Before we start using our rackets and shuttles, let‟s just quickly review our ready position.
This is the foundation for all things badminton skills and drills. (You may have learned this in
other sports or activities, but let‟s just make sure we are all on the same page!)
When playing badminton, you need to be active and ready to move. Your badminton ready
position is just like any other basic athletic stance or ready position stance. From this
position, you can move forwards, backwards, and side to side.
Once you find your badminton ready position you can practice moving forward and
backward (left and right) and side to side. As you start to practice moving in different
directions, always return to the starting position like it is your “home base”.
2) Forehand Grip
Before we start practicing badminton, let‟s make sure we know how to hold the racket
properly. We can use this with an overhead shot and underhand shot when the shuttle is hit
towards on our racket leg side.
Handshake – Grab the racket like you are shaking someone‟s hand.
V Shape – Your hand should create a V shape around the racket.
Index Finger – Create space between your index finger and middle finger.
Loose Grip – Just like shaking someone‟s hand, we don‟t want a death grip! A loose grip
will give you flexibility and mobility as you hit your different badminton shots.
To see how this grip feels, take a few practice swings before getting going.
3) Backhand Grip
The backhand grip is used for backhand underhand and overhead shots. This grip is used
when the shuttle is hit on the opposite side of our racket leg.
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Frying Pan – With the backhand we want our thumb on top, with your racket facing
parallel to the ground. Your thumb is holding the racket the same way you would hold a
frying pan in the kitchen.
Wrap Fingers – Wrap your other 4 fingers around the grip and notice that you have more
of a knuckle/close grip compared to the forehand.
Loose Grip – Much like our forehand grip, we want a loose grip to allow us to move and
hit our different shots.
To see how this grip feels, take a few practice swings before getting going into more
advanced badminton skills and drills.
Partner 1: Thrower
Partner 2: Hitter
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5) Forehand Serve
The forehand serve drill is the most popular badminton serve variation. The steps to this
serve are:
Start behind the service line facing the net in a ready position.
With a forehand grip, draw the racket back and away from the body.
Gently toss or drop the shuttle as you bring your forearm forward and flick your wrist trying
to hit the shuttle in the center of the racket just below waist height. Think flick serve.
For footwork, either keep your feet still or bring your step your opposite foot forward as you
hit the shuttle.
For this badminton skills drill, have players on only one side of the net. If possible, have
multiple shuttles to practice hitting the forehand serve multiple times. Once partners have hit
all the shuttles over, they can walk to retrieve them and reset on the opposite side of the
court.
The net is 1.55 metres (5 feet 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5.00 feet) high in
the centre. The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.
The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of
Badminton. Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be
hit on a high serve.
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Serving
Figure 6:SERVING
Figure 6:SERVING
The legal bounds of a badminton court during various stages of a rally for singles and doubles
games
When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the
opponents' court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain within their
service courts, without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock.
The other two players may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not block the vision
of the server or receiver.
At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service
courts The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service court.
This is similar to, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below 1.15
metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server's racket, the
shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their service
courts, unlike tennis.
When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this
differs from the old system where sometimes the serve passes to the doubles partner for what
is known as a "second serve").
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In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in their
left service court when their score is odd.
In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he/she
changes service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each time. If the
opponents win the rally and their new score is even, the player in the right service court
serves; if odd, the player in the left service court serves. The players' service courts are
determined by their positions at the start of the previous rally, not by where they were
standing at the end of the rally. A consequence of this system is that each time a side regains
the service, the server will be the player who did not serve last time.
Scoring
Main article: Scoring system development of badminton
Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point by winning a rally. This differs
from the old system in which players may only win a point on their serve and each game is to
15 points. A match is the best of three games.
If the score ties at 20–20, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point lead (such
as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29–29, in which the game goes to a golden point of
30. Whoever scores this point wins the game.
At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the shuttlecock is
pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether
to serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their
opponents making the remaining choice.
In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are best out of
three: a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win the match. For the first
rally of any doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair
may decide who receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the
match reaches a third game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the
leading player's or pair's score reaches 11 points.
A new scoring system is being attempted by the BWF, in which the 21x3 scoring system may
be replaced with 15x3. The move itself has been very controversial amongst several
badminton players.
Lets
If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur
because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on a court (having
been hit there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an
overhead rail which can be classed as a let.
If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if the
receiver attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to have been ready.
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SUCCESSFUL INDIAN PLAYERS AND THEIR ACHIVEMENTS
Prakash Padukone is often regarded as the pioneer of Indian badminton. In 1980, he
became the first Indian to win the All-England Open Badminton Championships, a feat that
put India on the global badminton map. His victory inspired countless aspiring players and
laid the foundation for the sport‟s growth in India.
Another legendary figure is Pullela Gopichand, who won the All England Open in 2001,
ending a 21-year drought after Padukone‟s victory. Today, Gopichand‟s contribution goes
beyond his personal achievements. As a coach, he has been instrumental in shaping the
careers of numerous Indian badminton stars, nurturing them to reach global heights.
Modern-Day Legends
Saina Nehwal: Saina‟s journey has been nothing short of inspiring. She became the first
Indian woman to win a Super Series title in 2009 and went on to secure a bronze medal at the
2012 London Olympics, marking a historic moment for Indian badminton.
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Figure 9:PV SINDHU
P.V. Sindhu's major achievements include winning the silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics,
becoming the first Indian woman to win two Olympic medals with a bronze at the 2020 Tokyo
Olympics, and winning the 2019 BWF World Championships gold medal. She also holds the
record for being the first Indian player to win a season finale title (BWF World Tour Finals) in
2018
Olympic games :
Silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
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Bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
figure7.kidambi srikanth
Srikanth Kidambi (born 7 February 1993) is an Indian badminton player. Known for his
powerful smashes and quick footwork, he became the first Indian male to reach the World
No. 1 ranking in the BWF World Rankings in April 2018. He made history in 2021 by
becoming the first Indian male to reach the final of the BWF World Championships in
the men's singles category, winning a silver medal. Kidambi also sas the captain of the
historic Thomas Cup-winning team in 2022, leading India to its first-ever title in the
tournament. In recognition of his achievements, he was honored with the Arjuna Award in
2015 and the Padma Shri in 2018.
Kidambi Srikanth‟s rise in the badminton world has been remarkable. In 2017, he won four
Super Series titles, a rare achievement that placed him among the world‟s elite shuttlers. His
consistency and determination have made him a household name in Indian sports.
Srikanth Kidambi is an Indian badminton player and is currently ranked No. 4 in the World
Rankings as of March 12, 2015. He became the first Indian player to win a Super Series
Men's title by defeating Lin Dan in the final of the 2014 China Open Super Series.
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018,
is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Federation, Badminton World
Federation(BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals,
Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF
Tour Super 100.
Kidambi represented his country at the South Asian Games in Nepal, and won the gold
medal in the team event.
In 2021,Kidambi reached the finals of World Of Championship becoming the first Indian
male badminton player to do so. He lost the final to Loh Kean New to win the silver medal.
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Kidambi was part of the Indian men's team for Thomas Cup 2022. The team went on to win
the Thomas Cup by beating Indonesia 3–0 in the final, with Kidambi winning his match
against Jonathan Christie.
PHOTOS OF BADMINTON
Figure 13:SHOTS
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