VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA

PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS AND ATHLETICS) (21NS59)

A report submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Information Science & Engineering
Submitted by
CHAITHANYA T P (1SG21IS019)
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Ashok Walikar
Physical Education and Sports Director
Prof. Chandrashekhar CM
Asst. Professor

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Bengaluru-57
2024-25
 SRISRINIVASA EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE TRUST®
SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
(Accredited by NAAC with “A” grade) (NBA Accredited-CSE, ECE, EEE,
ISE, ME)(An ISO 9001:2015& ISO 14001:2015 Certified)
DEPARTMENT OF ISE

Department of Information Science &

Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Physical Education(Sports and Athletics) (21PE59) has been
successfully carried out by CHAITHANYA T P bearing USN (1SG21IS019), bonafide
student of Sapthagiri College of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of degree of Information Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi during 2024-25. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report. The National Service Scheme report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic

Dr. Tulsidas D Dr. H R Ranganatha

Principal (Prof and Head of Department)

Prof. Chandrashekhar CM Dr. Ashok Walikar

(Department Coordinator) Physical Education & Sports
Director) (Course Coordinator)
 SRISRINIVASA EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE TRUST®
SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
(Accredited by NAAC with “A” grade) (NBA Accredited-CSE, ECE, EEE,
ISE, ME)(An ISO 9001:2015& ISO 14001:2015 Certified)
DEPARTMENT OF ISE

National Service Scheme (21NS59)

ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT RECORD 2024-2025 :-

Department Department of Information Science
and Engineering
Semester 8th
Name of the course coordinator Dr. Ashok Walikar

Sl.No USN Name Signature

1. 1SG21IS019 CHAITHANYA T P

Sl. MODULES(assessment) MARKS

No 100

1. Activity & Report ( 25)

2. Presentation (25)

3. SEE (50)

Total

Signature of the Course Coordinator Signature of HOD

 ABSTRACT
Physical Education (PE) is an essential component of a comprehensive educational system, dedicated
to the promotion of physical health, mental well-being, and social development through structured
physical activities. It includes various domains such as sports, athletics, fitness routines, and
recreational games that collectively contribute to the holistic growth of individuals. In the context of
education, PE plays a critical role in instilling discipline, teamwork, leadership, and a spirit of
healthy competition among students. Sports and athletics, as integral parts of PE, serve not only to
enhance physical capabilities such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination, but also help
build character, confidence, and lifelong healthy habits. They encourage values like perseverance,
respect, and fair play—qualities that are essential for personal and professional success. Badminton,
in particular, is a widely practiced sport within PE programs due to its accessibility, minimal
equipment requirements, and substantial health benefits. It is a high-speed racket sport that improves
cardiovascular endurance, reflexes, and muscular agility while also promoting strategic thinking and
quick decision-making. With origins in British India and its evolution into an internationally
recognized Olympic sport, badminton has grown rapidly in popularity, especially in India. The
remarkable achievements of Indian badminton players such as Prakash Padukone, Pullela
Gopichand, Saina Nehwal, and PV Sindhu have elevated the sport's status, inspiring young athletes
and significantly contributing to its growth at grassroots and professional levels.
 Acknowledgement
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the completion of any task would be in complete
without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement ground my efforts with success. I consider it is a privilege to express my gratitude
and respect to all those who guided me in completion of Physical Education(sports and athletics).

I am highly indebted to Dr. Tulsidas D, Principal, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru

who is indefatigable, magnanimous, who constantly encouraged and nurtured me.

I am also grateful to Dr. H R Ranganatha, Professor and Head, Department of Information Science
and Engineering, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bengaluru for his thought provoking
suggestions and constant encouragement that led me to a roaring success.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my course coordinator Dr. Ashok Wallikar, Physical
education and Sports Director and Department coordinator Prof. Vasantha Laxmi, Associate
Professor, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Sapthagiri College of Engineering,
Bengaluru for their valuable support and guidance.

Lastly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and respect to my parents, the teaching and
non-teaching staff of the Department, and all my friends who have supported me, directly or
indirectly, throughout my NSS journey.

USHA S(1SG2SIS114)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL. No. Content Page No.

1 Introduction to Fitness 1
2 Overview of Fitness 2
3 Different Types of Fitness 3
4 Badminton 4
5 Court Measurement 6
6 Essential Skills of Badminton 9
7 Rules and Regulations 11
8 Indian Badminton Players and their Achievements 14
9 Photos of Playing 19
10 Conclusion 20
Physical Education (Sports and Athletics) Report

INTRODUCTION TO FITNESS

Fitness is the state of being physically healthy and capable of performing daily activities with ease and
energy. It's not just about having a toned body or lifting heavy weights—fitness is a holistic concept that
includes strength, endurance, flexibility, and overall well-being.

At its core, fitness is about movement and making choices that benefit your body and mind. It includes:

 Cardiovascular fitness – improving your heart and lung health through activities like
walking, running, swimming, or cycling.

 Muscular strength and endurance – building and maintaining muscles to support your body and
perform physical tasks.

 Flexibility and mobility – enhancing your range of motion and reducing the risk of
injury through stretching or activities like yoga.

 Body composition – managing fat and muscle ratios for a balanced physique and
healthy metabolism.

Getting fit doesn’t require fancy equipment or extreme routines—it starts with small, consistent steps.
Whether it's a daily walk, a home workout, or joining a gym, the key is to find something you enjoy and
make it part of your lifestyle.

Fitness also plays a huge role in mental health. Regular exercise reduces stress, boosts mood, and
increases confidence, making it a powerful tool for overall wellness.

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OVERVIEW OF FITNESS
Fitness refers to a person’s ability to perform physical activities efficiently and effectively without
excessive fatigue. It involves various components such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength,
muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Fitness is not only about physical performance
but also about overall health and well-being.

Fitness can be broken down into several key areas:

1. Cardiovascular Endurance
The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to your body during
prolonged physical activity. Activities like running, swimming, and cycling improve
cardiovascular health.

2. Muscular Strength
The amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can produce. Strength training, such as
lifting weights, helps build and maintain muscle mass.

3. Muscular Endurance
The ability of muscles to perform repetitive actions without getting tired. This is important for
activities like climbing stairs or carrying groceries.

4. Flexibility
The range of motion in your joints and muscles. Stretching exercises and practices like
yoga enhance flexibility and prevent injuries.

5. Body Composition
The ratio of fat to lean mass (muscles, bones, water, etc.) in your body. A healthy
body composition is essential for reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Fitness is essential for maintaining a high quality of life. It supports mental health, boosts energy
levels, strengthens the immune system, and reduces the risk of conditions such as heart disease,
diabetes, and obesity. It’s a lifelong journey that can be adapted to individual goals, needs, and
preferences.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF FITNESS

1. Cardiovascular (Aerobic) Fitness

This refers to the efficiency of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels in supplying oxygen to the body during
sustained physical activity.

 Examples: Running, swimming, brisk walking, cycling, dancing

 Benefits: Improves heart health, boosts stamina, aids weight loss, reduces risk of heart disease
2. Muscular Strength
This is the amount of force a muscle (or group of muscles) can exert in a single effort.
 Examples: Weightlifting, resistance training, bodyweight exercises (like push-ups)
 Benefits: Builds muscle, supports joint health, enhances physical performance
3. Muscular Endurance
The ability of muscles to sustain repeated contractions over time without becoming fatigued.
 Examples: Planks, squats, cycling, rowing
 Benefits: Improves posture, stamina, and the ability to perform daily activities
4. Flexibility
The range of motion available at a joint or group of joints. It reflects how well your muscles and joints
can move.
 Examples: Stretching, yoga, Pilates, tai chi
 Benefits: Prevents injuries, reduces muscle stiffness, improves mobility and posture
5. Body Composition
This refers to the proportion of fat and non-fat mass in your body. Healthy body composition means
having a lower percentage of body fat and more lean muscle mass.

 Measured by: BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio

 Benefits: Reduces risk of obesity-related conditions, improves metabolic function.
6. Balance and Coordination (sometimes categorized under "motor fitness")
These are the abilities to control body movements and maintain stability.
 Examples: Balance training, gymnastics, tai chi, agility drills
 Benefits: Reduces fall risk, improves athletic performance, supports everyday movement

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BADMINTON
History of Badminton
Badminton is a sport with deep historical roots, dating back thousands of years. Although the modern version
we know today was formalized in the 19th century, early forms of shuttle-based games were played in
various ancient civilizations. In China, the game Ti Jian Zi involved kicking a shuttlecock with the feet,
focusing on balance and coordination. In ancient Greece and Egypt, children and adults played games
using their hands or simple paddles to hit a shuttle-like object, which highlights humanity's long-standing
interest in similar sporting activities.

The most direct origin of modern badminton comes from India in the mid-1800s, where a game known as
Poona was played by British army officers stationed there. This version used a shuttlecock made from
feathers and wooden racquets, with a net set up between two sides. The game became a favorite pastime
among British soldiers, who brought it back to England upon returning home. The defining moment in
badminton’s development occurred in 1873, when the Duke of Beaufort hosted a party at his country
estate, Badminton House, in Gloucestershire. The game was played indoors at the gathering, and because
of the venue, it became popularly known as “The Game of Badminton.”

Following its rise in England, badminton began to take shape as an organized sport. In 1877, the Bath
Badminton Club created the first official written rules for the game, which closely resemble the rules still
used today. The Badminton Association of England was founded in 1893, and it soon took the lead in
promoting the sport across the country. In 1899, the first All England Open Badminton Championships
were held, becoming the oldest and one of the most prestigious badminton tournaments in the world.

As badminton spread beyond Britain, it began to gain popularity across Europe and Asia. The need for global
coordination led to the formation of the International Badminton Federation (IBF) in 1934, with founding
members from England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Canada, and New
Zealand. The IBF played a critical role in standardizing rules and organizing international competitions.
The first major global team tournaments emerged:

 Thomas Cup (men’s international team championship) – first held in 1948–49

 Uber Cup (women’s international team championship) – introduced in 1956–57

The sport’s popularity exploded in Asia, particularly in China, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, and India,
which now dominate international competitions. Asian countries brought a faster, more aggressive
playing style that transformed badminton into the high-speed sport it is today.

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Badminton’s recognition on the world stage culminated in its inclusion as an Olympic sport. It was first
featured as a demonstration sport at the 1972 Munich Olympics and again in 1988 (Seoul). It was finally
added as an official Olympic sport at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, featuring men’s and women’s singles
and doubles events. The mixed doubles category was introduced later, in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

In 2006, the International Badminton Federation rebranded as the Badminton World Federation (BWF),
which now governs international tournaments, rankings, and rules. The BWF organizes key tournaments
like:

 BWF World Championships

 BWF World Tour Finals

 Sudirman Cup (mixed team championship)

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COURT MEASUREMENT

A standard badminton court is a rectangular area used for both singles and doubles play, with specific lines
and zones for service and gameplay. Although the same court is used for both formats, the width
boundaries differ slightly, and there are special service areas for doubles.

1. Court Surface and Layout

 The surface can be wooden, synthetic, or concrete (covered with mats in professional play).

 The court is divided into two equal halves by a net.

 White or yellow boundary lines mark the court zones clearly.

2. Dimensions (As per BWF standards)

Measurement Measurement
Section
(meters) (feet)

Full length of the court 13.40 meters 44 feet

Full width (doubles) 6.10 meters 20 feet

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Measurement Measurement
Section
(meters) (feet)

Width for singles 5.18 meters 17 feet

Distance from net to short service line 1.98 meters 6.5 feet

Distance from back boundary to long service line for

0.76 meters 2.5 feet
doubles

Distance from net to back boundary line 6.7 meters 22 feet

3. Net and Post Specifications

 Net height at edges (post height): 1.55 meters (5 feet 1 inch)

 Net height at center: 1.524 meters (5 feet)

 Net length: Extends across the 6.1-meter court width

 Net width: 0.76 meters (2.5 feet)

 Material: Generally made from fine cord or synthetic mesh

4. Important Lines on the Court

Singles Court Lines:

 Side boundary: Use the inner sidelines

 Back boundary: Use the outermost baseline

 Service area: Long and narrow rectangle (divided into left and right service boxes)

Doubles Court Lines:

 Side boundary: Use the outer sidelines (full width of 6.1 meters)

 Back boundary during service: Use the inner long service line (0.76m inside the baseline)

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 Service area: Shorter but wider than singles; defined by short service line and inner long
service line

5. Service Courts and Their Use

Each side of the court has:

 Two service courts – left and right

 In singles, players serve from the right service court when their score is even, and from the
left when it's odd.

 In doubles, similar rotation applies, but the serve must land within a wider but shorter area.

Service boundaries:

 Must cross the short service line (1.98m from net)

 Must not land beyond:

o The outer side line (6.1m width) in doubles

o The inner side line (5.18m width) in singles

o The doubles long service line (0.76m in front of the back boundary)

6. Court Zones Summary

Zone Singles Doubles

Width 5.18 m 6.10 m

Length 13.40 m 13.40 m

Service box size Narrow & long Wide & short

Side boundaries used Inner lines Outer lines

Long service line used Baseline 0.76 m in front of baseline

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ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF BADMINTON

1. Technical Skills
These are the fundamental racket and shuttle-handling skills every player must learn:
 Grip: Proper use of forehand and backhand grips for control and flexibility.
 Footwork: Efficient movement around the court to reach the shuttle quickly and in balance.
 Serve: Accurate and varied serving techniques (short, flick, drive serves) to gain the advantage.
 Clear: Defensive shot to move the opponent to the back of the court.
 Drop Shot: A soft shot that just clears the net and lands close to it.
 Smash: A powerful downward shot, used to finish a point.
 Drive: A fast, flat shot exchanged close to net height.
 Net Play: Delicate control and quick reactions at the front of the court.

2. Physical Fitness Skills

Badminton demands high levels of physical conditioning:
 Speed: Quick movements to reach the shuttle.
 Agility: The ability to change direction rapidly and maintain control.
 Endurance: Cardiovascular fitness to sustain long rallies and matches.

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 Strength: Arm, leg, and core strength for powerful shots and explosive movement.
 Flexibility: Allows for a wider range of motion, especially during lunges and smashes.
 Balance: Essential for accurate shots and recovery between rallies.

3. Tactical Skills
Strategic thinking during a match gives players an edge:

 Shot selection: Choosing the right shot depending on the opponent’s position and game situation.
 Placement: Aiming shots to force opponents out of position.
 Deception: Using body movement or racket angles to confuse opponents.
 Game sense: Reading the opponent’s strategies and anticipating shots.
 Positioning: Staying in the best place on court between shots to defend or attack.

4. Mental Skills
Success in competitive badminton often comes down to mental toughness:
 Concentration: Staying focused during fast-paced rallies.
 Composure: Remaining calm under pressure, especially during crucial points.
 Confidence: Believing in your skills and ability to win.
 Resilience: Bouncing back from mistakes or lost points quickly.
 Decision-making: Making the right choices quickly during gameplay.

5. Communication Skills (especially in Doubles)

In doubles matches, communication between partners is key:
 Calling shots (e.g., “mine” or “yours”)
 Coordinating movement (front-back or side-side)
 Encouraging each other during the game

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RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. Basic Rules of Play

 Match Format: Best of three games.

 Game Point: Each game is played to 21 points.

 Winning a Game: A player/pair must win by 2 points, unless the score reaches 29–29. In that
case, the first to 30 points wins the game.

 Rally Scoring: A point is scored on every rally, regardless of who served.

 Change of Ends: Players switch sides:

o After the first game

o In the third game when one side reaches 11 points

2. Serving Rules

 Start of Play: A coin toss decides which side serves or chooses sides first.

 Positioning:

o In singles, the server serves from the right side when their score is even, and from the
left when odd.

o In doubles, service rotation is more complex (based on who won the previous point).

 Serve Must:

o Be hit below the waist (the lowest rib or below)

o Have the head of the racket below the server's hand

o Travel diagonally into the correct service box

 Service Faults include:

o Lifting feet off the ground

o Serving above the waist

o Not hitting the shuttle properly

o Shuttle landing outside the service box

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3. Player Conduct Rules

 Only one hit per side is allowed.

 No double hits or carrying the shuttle.

 No touching the net with the body or racket.

 Players cannot invade the opponent’s side over or under the net.

 Delaying the game or unsportsmanlike behavior can result in warnings, faults, or disqualification.

4. Scoring and Points System

 Every rally results in a point.

 The side winning a rally serves next.

 In doubles, each team has only one service turn (not two as in older rules).

 A match is won by the side that first wins 2 out of 3 games.

5. Faults in Badminton

A fault occurs if:

 The shuttle lands outside the boundaries.

 The shuttle does not cross the net.

 A player hits the shuttle twice in a row.

 The shuttle touches the body or clothes.

 The server steps out of the service area.

 A player touches the net during play.

6. Let Situations (Rally Replay)

A let is called when:

 Both players commit a fault simultaneously.

 The server serves before the receiver is ready.

 The shuttle gets caught in the net on a serve and still lands in the correct service box.

 There’s an outside distraction (e.g., shuttle from another court).

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7. Court Guidelines and Setup

 Dimensions:

o Singles court width: 5.18 m

o Doubles court width: 6.10 m

o Length: 13.40 m

 Net height: 1.55 m at the posts, 1.524 m at the center.

 Shuttlecock: Feather or synthetic with a cork base.

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INDIAN BADMINTON PLAYERS AND THEIR

ACHIEVEMENTS

1) Prakash Padukone

Prakash Padukone laid the foundation for Indian badminton's global presence. In 1980, he became the
first Indian to win the prestigious All England Open Badminton Championships, a milestone that
made India a force to be reckoned with. During his career, he was considered the World No. 1
unofficially and also clinched the Commonwealth Games gold in 1978. He ruled the national
circuit through the 1970s and later founded the Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy, nurturing
future champions. He has been honored with the Arjuna Award (1972) and the Padma Shri (1982).

2) Pullela Gopichand

Pullela Gopichand, who followed Padukone, etched his name in history by winning the All England
Championship in 2001. After his playing days, he became one of India’s most respected coaches,
founding the Gopichand Badminton Academy, which has produced stars like PV Sindhu, Saina
Nehwal, and Kidambi Srikanth. For his exceptional contributions, he received the Arjuna Award
(1999), Padma Shri (2005), and the Dronacharya Award (2009).

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3) Kidambi Srikanth

Kidambi Srikanth has carved a niche in men’s singles. In 2018, he became the first Indian male to
be ranked World No. 1. He won four BWF Superseries titles in 2017 and secured a silver medal at
the 2021 World Championships, becoming the first Indian male to reach the final. He also
contributed to India's historic Thomas Cup win in 2022 and is a recipient of the Arjuna Award
(2015).

4) HS Prannoy

HS Prannoy, known for defeating top-ranked global players, was a cornerstone in India’s 2022
Thomas Cup victory. In 2023, he won a bronze medal at the World Championships, reaffirming
his position among India’s top players. He remains a strong force in team and singles events.

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5) Lakshya Sen

Lakshya Sen is among the brightest new stars in Indian badminton. He won a bronze at the 2021
World Championships and a silver at the 2022 Commonwealth Games. He was also a vital
member of India’s Thomas Cup 2022 squad and won the India Open title in 2022. His technical
skill and mental strength mark him as a player to watch.

6) Saina Nehwal

Saina Nehwal brought Indian women's badminton to global prominence. She became the first
Indian woman to be ranked World No. 1 and won the bronze medal at the 2012 London Olympics,
making her the first Indian woman to win an Olympic badminton medal. She also clinched
Commonwealth Games golds in 2010 and 2018, along with multiple BWF titles. She has received
top national honors, including the Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, Arjuna Award, and Khel Ratna.

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7) PV Sindhu

PV Sindhu is one of India’s most decorated athletes. She won silver at the 2016 Rio Olympics and
bronze at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, becoming the first Indian woman with two Olympic medals.
Sindhu made history again by becoming the World Champion in 2019, also earning two silvers
and two bronze medals in other editions. She has been awarded the Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri,
Arjuna Award, and Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for her contributions to Indian sports.

8) Ashwini Ponnappa (Doubles specialist)

Ashwini Ponnappa, a leading doubles player, has represented India with distinction in
international tournaments. She, along with Jwala Gutta, won the gold medal at the 2010
Commonwealth Games and a bronze at the 2011 World Championships. Ashwini has played a key
role in India’s doubles success in various global team competitions.

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9) Jwala Gutta (Doubles specialist)

Jwala Gutta, known for her aggressive play and vocal presence, reached a career-high World No. 6 in
women’s doubles and won the Commonwealth Games gold in 2010. She also earned medals in the Asian
Championships and has been a strong voice for gender equality in sports.

Recent Achievements

 India won the Thomas Cup 2022 (Men’s team world championship) for the first time ever.

 Growing success in doubles and junior categories, with many promising talents emerging from
training academies like the Gopich and Academy and Prakash Padukone Academy.

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PHOTOS OF PLAYING

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CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Physical Education serves as a vital pillar in nurturing the physical, mental, and social well-
being of individuals, especially in formative years. Through structured participation in sports and
athletics, students not only gain physical fitness but also develop essential life skills such as discipline,
teamwork, leadership, and resilience. These attributes contribute significantly to personal development
and overall academic success. Badminton, as a key sport within the PE curriculum, exemplifies the value
of integrating competitive games into educational environments. It enhances cardiovascular endurance,
motor coordination, and mental alertness while promoting fair play and strategic thinking. The rise of
badminton in India, powered by the achievements of celebrated players like Prakash Padukone, Pullela
Gopichand, Saina Nehwal, and PV Sindhu, has inspired a new generation of athletes and positioned the
sport as a symbol of national pride. Therefore, incorporating sports like badminton into physical
education programs is not merely an avenue for physical activity but a crucial tool for holistic education.
It reinforces the importance of a balanced lifestyle and contributes to the development of responsible,
healthy, and capable citizens who are prepared to face life’s challenges with confidence and integrity.

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