WhatsApp & privacy

Martijn Terpstra

July 2, 2013

Summary
In this thesis I look at the smartphone application WhatsApp and try to
figure out whether or not users should be concerned about their privacy
when using WhatsApp. Specifically I look at what information WhatsApp
uses and whether or not it is possible to obtain information about other
users. WhatsApp reads the contact list from the phone and shares it with
the server, however users grant WhatsApp permission to do so upon in-
stalling Whatsapp. Trying to obtain information about a third party using
WhatsApp does not reveal their name. It is however possible to reveal
their WhatsApp profile picture (assuming they have one) given their phone
number.

1
Contents
1 Introduction 3

2 Related work 3

3 Background 4
3.1 WhatsApp capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 Analysis of WhatsApp 6
4.1 WhatsApp permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 What information does WhatsApp use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 What information is shared between the WhatsApp client and WhatsApp
server? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3.1 What information does the client hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3.2 What information does the server hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4 What information can be gained about a third party using WhatsApp
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4.1 Finding out information about other users using only a phone
number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.1 tPacketCapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5.2 Wireshark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5.3 Mitmproxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.5.4 Apktool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.5.5 JAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.5.6 JD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.6 What information can be seen by intercepting network traffic? . . . 18
4.6.1 Using tPacketcapture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.6.2 Using Mitmproxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.6.3 Decompiling WhatsApp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

5 Conclusions and reflection 19

5.1 Future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

6 References 20

7 Glossary 21

Appendices 21

A Capture showing the WhatsApp public key 21

2
1 Introduction
WhatsApp is a smartphone application that allows users to send messages
to other WhatsApp users, often used as a replacement for SMS messaging.
WhatsApp has recently been in the news concerning the privacy of its users.
Although some measures were taken some problems may still remain. This
thesis tries to find out what problems still exist. This thesis will try to
answer the following questions:

• What information does WhatsApp use?

• What information is shared between the WhatsApp client and WhatsApp

server?

• What information can be gained about a third party using WhatsApp?

• What information can be seen by intercepting network traffic?

2 Related work
WhatsApp has been in the media1 regarding privacy because WhatsApp
was reading contact information of users not using WhatsApp. The CPB
has found 2 WhatsApp violating privacy. According to the CPB, WhatsApp
is keeping a record not only of phone number of users that use WhatsApp
but also of users that do not use WhatsApp. Also it tells how WhatsApp
sends its messages unencrypted. This allows for easy sniffing of messages
send. (At the present time WhatsApp has updated its security and now does
encrypt its network traffic.) Also the CPB seemed to be able to crack the
automatically generated passwords by faking the mac address on Android
phones and IMEI number on other devices. Another research 3 looked at
several smartphone applications, including Whatsapp. Its concern was that
contacts were added other than those added manually to WhatsApp and
that there was no warning to users that the contact information was shared
with the WhatsApp server.
1
http://nos.nl/artikel/467275-whatsapp-blijft-privacy-schenden.html, January 28th
2013
2
College bescherming persoonsgegevens,CPB(2013).Onderzoek naar de verwerking van
persoonsgegevens in het kader van de mobiele applicatie WhatsApp door WhatsApp Inc.
3
Sheppard, M, Smartphone Apps, Permissions and Privacy.

3
3 Background
WhatsApp is a popular application for smart phones. It allows users to send
messages to other users in a similar fashion as SMS (Short message service)
messages. On top of that it allows user to make groups which they can use
to send messages to the whole group. It also allows users to set their own
profile picture.

Figure 1: Example of a list of ongoing conversations

4
 Figure 2: Example of a group chat

WhatsApp accounts are based on a person’s cellphone number and will

automatically generate a list of contacts. WhatsApp generates this list by
checking your regular contact list on your phone for contacts that also hap-
pen to use the WhatsApp client. WhatsApp accounts are identified by their
phone number. When a new contact is added to the regular contact list on
the phone, WhatsApp will also add this contact to the WhatsApp contact
list, assuming the contact also uses Whatsapp. Users need an invitation to
gain access to a group (to allow group chat). However, when a contact is
added to the WhatsApp contact list no conformation from that contact is
needed. For this thesis I will be using a phone running the Android operating
system. Like other Android applications, WhatsApp makes use of Google
services like the Google contact list. This may mean that WhatsApp on An-
droid might have some minor differences compared to WhatsApp running
on other operating systems.

5
3.1 WhatsApp capabilities
WhatsApp allows a user to:

• Set their status message, a simple short message visible to everyone.

For example one could set their status message to be “Busy”,

• Send a message to a contact,

• Create a new group,

• Add a user to a group.

The WhatsApp client remembers:

• A contact list containing names, profile pictures and status messages,

• past conversations (unless deleted by user),

• group conversations,

• Your status message,

• Your name.

The WhatsApp server contains the same information as the client as will be
explained in chapter 4.

4 Analysis of WhatsApp
In this chapter I will answer the questions asked in chapter 1 and describe the
methods used to answer these questions. I will first examine the permission
given to the application to get an idea of what WhatsApp is capable of. The
I will explain what information I gained by external observation. Last I will
explain my efforts at trying to analyze the network traffic.

4.1 WhatsApp permissions

WhatsApp is given several permissions when installed. Quoting the Google
Play store4 WhatsApp is granted the following permissions when installed

• ”Your accounts”
4
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.whatsapp

6
 – ”use accounts on the device”
”Allows the app to request authentication tokens.”

– ”add or remove accounts”

”Allows the app to perform operations like adding and re-
moving accounts, and deleting their password.”

– ”create accounts and set passwords”

”Allows the app to use the account authenticator capabilities
of the AccountManager, including creating accounts and getting
and setting their passwords.”

• ”Your location

– ”approximate location (network-based)”

”Allows the app to get your precise location using the Global
Positioning System (GPS) or network location sources such as
cell towers and Wi-Fi. These location services must be turned on
and available to your device for the app to use them. Apps may
use this to determine where you are, and may consume additional
battery power.””

– ”precise location (GPS and network-based)”

”Allows the app to get your precise location using the Global
Positioning System (GPS) or network location sources such as
cell towers and Wi-Fi. These location services must be turned on
and available to your device for the app to use them. Apps may
use this to determine where you are, and may consume additional
battery power.”

• ”Your messages”

– ”receive text messages (SMS)”

”Allows the app to receive and process SMS messages. This
means the app could monitor or delete messages sent to your
device without showing them to you.”

– ”Send SMS messages”

”Allows the app to send SMS messages. This may result
in unexpected charges. Malicious apps may cost you money by
sending messages without your confirmation.”

7
• ”Network communication”

– ”full network access”

” Allows the app to create network sockets and use custom
network protocols. The browser and other applications provide
means to send data to the internet, so this permission is not
required to send data to the internet.”

• ”Your personal information”

– ”read your own contact card”

” Allows the app to read personal profile information stored
on your device, such as your name and contact information. This
means the app can identify you and may send your profile infor-
mation to others.”

• ”Phone calls”

– ”read phone status and identity”

”Allows the app to access the phone features of the device.
This permission allows the app to determine the phone number
and device IDs, whether a call is active, and the remote number
connected by a call.”

– ”directly call phone numbers”

”Allows the app to call phone numbers without your inter-
vention. This may result in unexpected charges or calls. Note
that this doesn’t allow the app to call emergency numbers. Ma-
licious apps may cost you money by making calls without your
confirmation.”

• ”Storage”

– ”modify or delete the contents of your USB storage”

”Allows the app to write to the USB storage.”

• ”System tools”

– ”install shortcuts”
”Allows an app to add shortcuts without user intervention.”

8
 – ”uninstall shortcuts”
”Allows the app to remove shortcuts without user interven-
tion.”

• ”Your applications information”

– ”retrieve running apps”

”Allows the app to retrieve information about currently and
recently running tasks. This may allow the app to discover infor-
mation about which applications are used on the device.”

• ”Microphone”

– ”record audio”
”record audio”

• ”Your social information”

– ”read your contacts”

”Allows the app to read data about your contacts stored on
your device, including the frequency with which you’ve called,
emailed, or communicated in other ways with specific individu-
als. This permission allows apps to save your contact data, and
malicious apps may share contact data without your knowledge.”

– ”modify your contacts”

” Allows the app to modify the data about your contacts
stored on your device, including the frequency with which you’ve
called, emailed, or communicated in other ways with specific con-
tacts. This permission allows apps to delete contact data.”

These permission give some insight into the capabilities of WhatsApp.

The permissions regarding your accounts are used to create a new WhatsApp
account. The permissions regarding your locations seem excessive as they
are not used at the moment. The permissions regarding sending and reading
SMS messages are used for a one-time conformation of the phone number by
WhatsApp when creating a new WhatsApp account. The permissions re-
garding your contact list are needed because WhatsApp automatically reads
your contact list. The permissions regarding phone calls is also excessive as
WhatsApp does not make phone calls. The permissions for storing informa-
tion are simply because WhatsApp keep a local record of your WhatsApp

9
information. The permissions to (un)install shortcuts is simply to make a
shortcut to WhatsApp upon installation. The ability to retrieve running
applications seems unnecessary, but might be used to prevent multiple in-
stances of WhatsApp running at the same time. The permission to record
audio using your microphone seems odd as WhatsApp only send text mes-
sages. The permission to read your contact allows WhatsApp to automati-
cally update its contact list. The permission to modify your contacts seems
excessive.

4.2 What information does WhatsApp use?

As explained in chapter 3.1, the WhatsApp client remembers:

• A contact list containing names, profile pictures and status messages,

• Past conversations,

• Group conversations,

• Your status message,

• Your name.

4.3 What information is shared between the WhatsApp client

and WhatsApp server?
4.3.1 What information does the client hold
To find out what information the client holds I simply opened the WhatsApp
client without being connected to the internet. The WhatsApp client re-
members:

• A contact list containing names, profile pictures and status messages,

• Past conversations,

• Group conversations,

• Your status message,

• Your name.

All information can be viewed offline.

10
4.3.2 What information does the server hold
I wanted to know what information is held by the server and not by the
client. To do this I simply deleted the information present on the phone
and reconnected to the server. After login in again I discovered the server
contains the following:

• A contact list containing names, profile pictures and status messages,

• Past conversations,

• Group conversations,

• Your status message,

• Your name.

All information contained in the WhatsApp client is also contained in the

WhatsApp server.

4.4 What information can be gained about a third party

using WhatsApp ?
When first using WhatsApp, the WhatsApp client had already filled in a
few contacts automatically by reading my Gmail contact list. As soon as
a phone number is added to a contact in the Gmail contact list, it is also
automatically added to the WhatsApp contact list. Only the phone number
is needed and no conformation is needed from the contact added. Therefore
it may be possible to gain additional information about a person when only
a phone number is known by adding them to your WhatsApp contact list.

4.4.1 Finding out information about other users using only a

phone number
This section explains my efforts to try and extract information from the
WhatsApp server using only a phone number. To find out what Information
I could find out about another user, I used two accounts. In this experiment
I only had access to one phone, but reset it when using different accounts.
These two accounts, called Alice and Bob each had the following.

• A freshly reset phone

• A unique WhatsApp account

11
 • A unique Gmail account

• A unique Username

• A unique Profile picture

Also neither account had knowledge about each other prior to the experi-
ment.
I then used the account of Bob to see what information I could get from
Alice using only a phone number.
I wanted to know the following;

• Is it possible to add a contact when knowing only a phone number.

• Can I find a persons real name by adding them on WhatsApp

• Can I find a persons profile picture by adding them on WhatsApp

To do this, I added a new contact to Bob’s Gmail contact list. This contact
had the real phone number of Alice. However this contact was added under
a different name than Alice and had a different profile picture.
After adding the contact to Bob’s Gmail contact list;

• A new contact was added to Bob’s WhatsApp contact list using Alice’s
phone number,

• The new contact had the different name entered in Bob’s Gmail con-
tact list, not Alice’s real name from her Gmail account or WhatsApp
account,

• The new contact had the WhatsApp profile picture of Alice.

This experiment demonstrated:

• You cannot use WhatsApp to find the name belonging to a phone

number using this method,

• You can find a profile picture of a WhatsApp user using only their
phone number (given that they have set a profile picture).

4.5 Tools
This section introduces the tools used in section 4.6 to examine the inner
workings of Whatsapp.

12
4.5.1 tPacketCapture
tPacketCapture5 is an application freely available for Android mobile phones.
While running tPacketCapture allows the user to capture internet traffic sent
to and from the phone similar to tcpdump and saves this to pcap files. See
also figure 3. It also allows these files to be sent trough email so they can be
inspected on a regular computer. Although tPacketCapture does not allow
you to view these pcap files, these files can easily be viewed using external
tools such as Wireshark.

Mobile Phone
(Internet traffic)
 '
All applications  - The internet
(including WhatsApp )
? ?

tPacketCapture

.pcap file  
(Writes)

Figure 3: Usage of tPacketCapture

5
http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=jp.co.taosoftware.Android .packetcap-
ture

13
4.5.2 Wireshark
Wireshark6 is an application freely available for most desktop operating
systems. Wireshark allows user to monitor network traffic as well as saving
recorded network traffic as pcap files and reading saved pcap files to inspect
them. See also figure 4. The main difference between Wireshark and tPack-
etcapture is that tPacketcapture runs on a phone and Wireshark runs at a
regular desktop computer. Wireshark has the same features as tPacketcap-
ture but in addition has the ability to read and display pcap files and show
a captured packages live.

6
http://www.wireshark.org/

14
PC
(Internet traffic)
 '
All applications  - The internet

? ?

Wireshark

.pcap file  
(Writes)

Figure 4: Online usage of Wireshark

15
 Phone PC Internet

(Internet traffic) - (Internet traffic) -

WhatsApp  Mitmproxy  WhatsApp
Encrypted using Encrypted using
(Client) (Server)
fake certificate real certificate
(generated by from WhatsApp
Mitmproxy)
(Displays)

Captured traffic
(Unencrypted)

Figure 5: Mitmproxy usage

4.5.3 Mitmproxy
Mitmproxy is an application freely available for OSX, Linux and OpenBSD7 .
Mitmproxy is an TLS-capable man-in-the-middle proxy. When using Mitm-
proxy as an proxy trying to use TLS, the client will receive a fake certificate
allowing Mitmproxy to decrypt the messages sent after which it send the
message encrypted with the real key to the server. As such it is possible to
analyze packages sent using encryption. Mitmproxy also has the ability to
change packets on the fly.
7
http://mitmproxy.org/

16
4.5.4 Apktool
Apktool8 is an application for reverse engineering Android applications. By
using Apktool it is possible to convert an Android application into a Java
jar file. This jar file can than be decompiled using a Java decompiler to
modify its source code.

4.5.5 JAD
JAD (Java Decompiler) is a tool that tries to decompile compiled Java class
files to Java source files. Unfortunately JAD has not been updated recently
and is not capable of decompiling certain features introduced in Java 5,
making recompiling impossible in some cases. 9

4.5.6 JD
JD, another Java Decompiler is a newer tool that boast it is capable of
decompiling Java 5 bytecode. While it does a better job at decompiling
bytecode there are still certain bytecode that the decompiler cannot decom-
pile. 10
8
http://code.google.com/p/android-apktool/
9
http://www.varaneckas.com/jad/
10
http://Java.decompiler.free.fr/

17
4.6 What information can be seen by intercepting network
traffic?
To figure out what information is being sent by WhatsApp I have tried to
see what information can be seen by intercepting network traffic.

4.6.1 Using tPacketcapture

I started capturing network traffic send to and from my prone by using
tPacketcapture. This application captures all network traffic and can save
it to a Pcap file. tPacketcapture does not allow you to view the captured
traffic, however other applications can open the Pcap file to allow you to
view the network traffic.
Using Wireshark I was able to see the network traffic. I first filtered
out all packets that were not either send from or to the WhatsApp server
based on the ip-address. After filtering out unrelated traffic, it became
obvious that the WhatsApp client and server make use of TLS to encrypt
the network traffic. This made reading the network traffic in its current form
impossible. Wireshark shows what each packet is supposed to represent.
Wireshark showed packets setting up a TLS connection and a key exchange.
Using Wireshark it was easy to find the public key from the WhatsApp
server. WhatsApp currently uses the following public key (represented as a
hexadecimal number):
30 82 01 08 02 82 01 01 00 de 9d d7 ea 57 18 49 a1 5b eb d7 5f 48 86 ea
be dd ff e4 ef 67 1c f4 65 68 b3 57 71 a0 5e 77 bb ed 9b 49 e9 70 80 3d 56
18 63 08 6f da f2 cc d0 3f 7f 02 54 22 54 10 d8 b2 81 d4 c0 75 3d 4b 7f c7
77 c3 3e 78 ab 1a 03 b5 20 6b 2f 6a 2b b1 c5 88 7e c4 bb 1e b0 c1 d8 45 27
6f aa 37 58 f7 87 26 d7 d8 2d f6 a9 17 b7 1f 72 36 4e a6 17 3f 65 98 92 db
2a 6e 5d a2 fe 88 e0 0b de 7f e5 8d 15 e1 eb cb 3a d5 e2 12 a2 13 2d d8 8e
af 5f 12 3d a0 08 05 08 b6 5c a5 65 38 04 45 99 1e a3 60 60 74 c5 41 a5 72
62 1b 62 c5 1f 6f 5f 1a 42 be 02 51 65 a8 ae 23 18 6a fc 78 03 a9 4d 7f 80 c3
fa ab 5a fc a1 40 a4 ca 19 16 fe b2 c8 ef 5e 73 0d ee 77 bd 9a f6 79 98 bc b1
07 67 a2 15 0d dd a0 58 c6 44 7b 0a 3e 62 28 5f ba 41 07 53 58 cf 11 7e 38
74 c5 f8 ff b5 69 90 8f 84 74 ea 97 1b af 02 01 03.
See also Appendix A for the full certificate.

4.6.2 Using Mitmproxy

After realizing that I was not able to see the network traffic unencrypted,
I tried using Mitmproxy. Mitmproxy is a proxy application, that when
used by an application using TLS, gives out a fake certificate. Because

18
of this it is possible to see the network traffic unencrypted. When using a
regular application that uses TLS, for instance a web browser visiting a https
website, you can view the network traffic unencrypted. However this does
not work using WhatsApp , because WhatsApp does not accept the fake
certificate generated by Mitmproxy. Because of this, WhatsApp refuses to
send any network traffic when using Mitmproxy. Therefore it is not possible
to view the unencrypted network traffic.

4.6.3 Decompiling WhatsApp

By using a patched version of WhatsApp it might be possible to get WhatsApp
to accept the fake certificate provided by Mitmproxy. Searching for the pub-
lic key in the WhatsApp binary yielded no results, so the WhatsApp key is
not hard coded or at the very least obfuscated. Because of this I could not
simply change the WhatsApp key to a fake key in the WhatsApp binary.
To try and get WhatsApp to accept a different this, I first used Apktool
to decompile the Android application to a jar file. I then used Java de-
compilers to read the source code. Using JAD I was able to read a large
part of the source code. However JAD is outdated and can not decompile
features added in newer version of Java, leaving certain parts unreadable.
Using JD, another Java decompiler, I was able to read far more of the source
code. In the decompiled source code I found several classes that were used
for the TLS connections. These classes were com/whatsapp/vt.class and
com/whatsapp/wt.class. However due to time constraints, I have not been
able to successfully modify them to accept fake certificates.

5 Conclusions and reflection

WhatsApp uses the information from your Gmail contact list to add contacts
to the WhatsApp contact list. WhatsApp will use this information to see if
one of you contact in your Gmail contact list also has an WhatsApp account
and, if so, will add them to your WhatsApp account.
All information contained in the WhatsApp client application is also
contained in the WhatsApp server.
My research showed that trying to obtain information about a third party
using WhatsApp does not reveal their name. WhatsApp will use the same
name for contacts in the WhatsApp contact list as are used in the Gmail
contact list. My research however has shown that WhatsApp can be used to
view the WhatsApp profile picture of a third party, assuming they have one.
It would be possible to create an automated tool that would return a profile

19
 Figure 6: Mock up of how a lookup might look

picture given a phone number. Using this is would be possible to make an

automated lookup of a profile picture given a phone number. Figure 6 gives
a mock up of what it could look like.
Trying to view the network traffic by intercepting it does not work be-
cause the network traffic is encrypted. Trying to circumvent the encryption
by providing a fake certificate does not work as WhatsApp checks the cer-
tificate.

5.1 Future work

Currently I have yet to succeed in circumventing the encryption of the net-
work traffic of WhatsApp . It might be possible to circumvent this encryp-
tion using a fake certificate, however WhatsApp does not seem to accept a
fake certificate. Patching the WhatsApp application to accept a fake cer-
tificate may make it possible us a fake certificate.

6 References
College bescherming persoonsgegevens,CPB(2013),Onderzoek naar de ver-
werking van persoonsgegevens in het kader van de mobiele applicatie What-

20
sApp door WhatsApp Inc.
Sheppard M.,Smartphone Apps, Permissions and Privacy

7 Glossary
• App: Short for application

• WhatsApp client: The WhatsApp application running on the phone

• Server: The WhatsApp Server that all messages are sent to

• Contact list: The WhatsApp contact list contained in the WhatsApp

client and server

• Packet: A network packet

• Google Account: Account used by Google and Android to do things

(Read e-mail, install apps etc.)

• Gmail Account: same as Google account

• Pcap file: A format in which packet captures can be written

• Tcpdump: A command line program that can capture packets

• WhatsApp account: The account registered at WhatsApp by phone

number.

Appendices
A Capture showing the WhatsApp public key
The following is part of network traffic capture by tPacketCapture. The
stream is represented both in hexadecimal and as printable ASCII char-
acters (Unprintable characters are represented as .) This is the complete
WhatsApp certificate. The public key starts at offset 0b79 and end at offset
0c84 and is marked in red.

21
Offset Stream as hexadecimal Stream as text
0000 16 03 01 0e 57 0b 00 0e 53 00 0e 50 00 05 61 30 ....W...S..P..a0
0010 82 05 5d 30 82 04 45 a0 03 02 01 02 02 07 2b 71 ..]0..E.......+q
0020 0e 3e 26 5b a2 30 0d 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 .¿&[.0...*.H....
0030 01 05 05 00 30 81 ca 31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 ....0..1.0...U..
0040 13 02 55 53 31 10 30 0e 06 03 55 04 08 13 07 41 ..US1.0...U....A
0050 72 69 7a 6f 6e 61 31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 07 13 rizona1.0...U...
0060 0a 53 63 6f 74 74 73 64 61 6c 65 31 1a 30 18 06 .Scottsdale1.0..
0070 03 55 04 0a 13 11 47 6f 44 61 64 64 79 2e 63 6f .U....GoDaddy.co
0080 6d 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e 31 33 30 31 06 03 55 04 0b m, Inc.1301..U..
0090 13 2a 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 63 65 72 74 69 66 69 .*http://certifi
00a0 63 61 74 65 73 2e 67 6f 64 61 64 64 79 2e 63 6f cates.godaddy.co
00b0 6d 2f 72 65 70 6f 73 69 74 6f 72 79 31 30 30 2e m/repository100.
00c0 06 03 55 04 03 13 27 47 6f 20 44 61 64 64 79 20 ..U...’Go Daddy
00d0 53 65 63 75 72 65 20 43 65 72 74 69 66 69 63 61 Secure Certifica
00e0 74 69 6f 6e 20 41 75 74 68 6f 72 69 74 79 31 11 tion Authority1.
00f0 30 0f 06 03 55 04 05 13 08 30 37 39 36 39 32 38 0...U....0796928
0100 37 30 1e 17 0d 31 32 31 32 31 34 30 36 32 31 34 70...12121406214
0110 34 5a 17 0d 31 35 31 32 33 31 31 30 31 31 30 32 4Z..151231101102
0120 5a 30 55 31 17 30 15 06 03 55 04 0a 0c 0e 2a 2e Z0U1.0...U....*.
0130 77 68 61 74 73 61 70 70 2e 6e 65 74 31 21 30 1f whatsapp.net1!0.
0140 06 03 55 04 0b 13 18 44 6f 6d 61 69 6e 20 43 6f ..U....Domain Co
0150 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 56 61 6c 69 64 61 74 65 64 31 ntrol Validated1
0160 17 30 15 06 03 55 04 03 0c 0e 2a 2e 77 68 61 74 .0...U....*.what
0170 73 61 70 70 2e 6e 65 74 30 82 01 22 30 0d 06 09 sapp.net0..”0...
0180 2a 86 48 86 f7 0d 01 01 01 05 00 03 82 01 0f 00 *.H.............
0190 30 82 01 0a 02 82 01 01 00 da 60 40 12 9f 6d 3c 0.........‘@..m¡
01a0 9a cb 3d e5 88 b5 cd 4e d1 78 8a 49 f3 24 81 eb ..=....N.x.I.$..
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