GROUP 3 HANDOUTS • Are stories that are intended for children that feature fanciful

and wondrous characters such as elves, goblins, wizards, and

1ST SLIDE: PURITAN PERIOD: Fairytales, Folktales, and Legends fairies in magical settings.
• It includes Snow White, Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland,
2nd: Learning Objectives: Thumbellina, etc.
At the end of the lesson, pre-service teachers should be able to: Example: Cinderella
• Comprehend the overview of the Puritan period. 9th: Folktales
• Recognize the various literary works written during the Puritan
Period. • Are stories (with no authors) about the different aspects of life
• Classify the differences between fairytales, folktales, and (joys, sorrows, animals, magical beings, heroes, and villains)
legends. that are passed on from one generation to another.
• It includes fables and fairytales such as The Tortoise and the
3rd: PURITAN PERIOD (1620–1750) Hare, Little Red Riding Hood, The Gingerbread Man, etc.
• The Church of England was separated from Roman Example: Little Red Riding Hood
Catholicism in 1534.
• Puritans (English Protestants) wanted to rid the Church of 10th: Legends
England of any ties to Catholicism.
• Puritans sought to live and reinforce the word of God and the • Are traditional stories (rural or urban legends with anonymous
Bible and refused to follow the law, so they were persecuted. authorship) deemed to explain the origin of certain natural
• Puritan literature emphasizes religious themes, uses a first- elements (with a specific and real place) that may or may not
person point of view and a simple writing style, the be based on history (unauthenticated)?
incorporation of many Biblical allusions, and an instillation of • It includes King Arthur, Robin Hood, Medusa, Hercules, etc.
fear in the reader.
Example: Medusa
4th: Characteristics of the Puritan Period’s Literature:
REFERENCES:
1.) First-person point of view (POV)
• https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english-
Written Pieces uses a first-person point of view to make it easier to literature/american-literary-movements/puritan-literature/
incorporate God and the Bible and create a personable connection with • https://www.scribd.com/presentation/637036123/Untitled
the readers.
JOHN NEWBERRY ERA: Children's Literature
“And when I could no longer look,
John Newbery (1713-1767) is an English publisher and was
I blest His name that gave and took, the first person to create books specifically for children. His work
reflected the changes in attitudes about children during the eighteenth
That laid my goods now in the dust. century and aimed to present entertaining and educational materials
designed for a child's reading level and interests.
Yea, so it was, and so ‘twas just.
He was called the “Father of Children’s Literature,” not because
It was his own; it was not mine. he was the first to publish children’s books but, because he was the first
to turn them into a profitable business. In mid-18th-century England, a
Far be it that I should repent; new and growing middle class had money to spend on their children,
and Newbery gave them something to spend it on.
He might of all be justly bereft. John Newberry, was a son of a farmer, and his family were involved in
publishing. Newbery, with a love for reading, was apprenticed to a printer in
But yet sufficient for us left." Reading at 16. He learned from William Carnan and assisted in the production of
the Reading Mercury, eventually becoming an assistant.
(Lines 13–20, "The Burning of Our House," Anne Bradstreet, 1666) Some of Newberry’s most influential published works:
• A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744), which is often called the
5th: 2.) Religious Themes
first children's book. It contains poems, stories, and games
It provides readers with lessons on religious themes. designed to engage young readers.
• The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes (1765), a variation on
"Oh, get a part in Christ, and make the judge thy friend; so shalt thou be assured Cinderella. It is a moral tale that emphasizes the importance
of a happy, glorious end." of education, hard work, and kindness. It teaches children the
value of perseverance and the rewards of being virtuous and
(Stanza 15, "The Day of Doom," Michael Wigglesworth, 1662) generous.
Some notable works from this time include:
3.) Simple Writing Style
• The Adventures of Baron Munchausen by Rudolf Erich Raspe-
It shunned elaborate and complex forms of writing to appeal to multiple children love fun, adventure and characters that are larger than life,
levels of education in society. and the tall stories of Munchausen provide all of those things in
plenty and colorful way.
“It pleased God, before they came half seas over, to smite the young man with a • Mother Goose's Melody by John Newberry- help to foster
grievous disease, of which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself the children's love of rhythm and patterns of language in the use of
first to be thrown overboard. Thus, his curses fell upon his own head, which rhyme and repetition
astonished all his mates, for they saw it was the just hand of God upon him"
• The Newtonian System of Philosophy (1761) by Tom
(Chapter 9, Book 1, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-1651), William Bradford).
Telescope, John Newbery, and Oliver Goldsmith- it enlightenment
6th: 4.) Biblical Allusions ideas about science and philosophy take center stage in this small
book of lectures presented to children.
Authors often use references to a biblical character or event. • The Renowned History of Giles Gingerbread (1764) – the story
promotes obedience, selflessness, honesty, and industry to its
"Now I saw in my dream that the highway up which Christian was to go was fenced young readers.
on either side with a wall, and that wall is called Salvation.”(“The Pilgrim’s Progress,”
John Bunyan, 1678)
Elements in Children and Adolescent Literature in the John
5.) Instillation of Fear Newbery Era:

It utilizes emotional tactics such as fear to have a great influence and 1. Characters:
impact.
- Characters in children and adolescent literature
“For it is said that when that due time or appointed time comes, their foot shall slide. during the John Newbery era often reflected moral
Then they shall be left to fall, as they are inclined by their own weight. God will not virtues and served as role models for young readers.
hold them up in these slippery places any longer, but will let them go; and then, at - They typically exhibited qualities such as honesty,
that very instant, they shall fall into destruction" (Number 4, "Sinners in the Hands kindness, courage, and perseverance.
of an Angry God," Rev. Jonathan Edwards, 1741).
- Characters often faced moral dilemmas and
7th: *Books seek to instill fear of God, religious instruction, and learned valuable lessons through their experiences.
preparation for death (which the children did not enjoy).
2. Settings:
• Children read books that interest them but are not intended for them,
such as Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. - Settings varied widely, but they often depicted rural
• Some well-known Puritan writers include William Bradford, Rev. or pastoral landscapes, reflecting the simplicity and
Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Bradstreet. innocence of childhood.
• Fairytales, Folktales, and Legends in this period were being - Urban settings were less common but sometimes depicted
discouraged by the Puritans. to contrast with the countryside.
• It was only after the Puritan period, with the rise of the Enlightenment
and the Romantic movement, that fairy tales regained popularity and
• started to be collected, published, and adapted in various forms.

3. Plot:
8th: Fairytales
 - Plots usually revolved around the moral and 1. Didactic text is instructional, not always preachy
educational development of the protagonist. 2. Before how-to videos and self-help books came fables,
- Stories often followed a linear narrative structure, myths, and proverbs.
with clear beginnings, middles, and ends. 3. Literature that has an ethical message among its themes
- Common plot elements included journeys, can be didactic.
adventures, and encounters with moral challenges.
ORIGIN- Didactism has its roots in oral traditions, early ancient cultures
4. Point of View: dispersed knowledge an entertainment through oral story telling in which
spoken fables, parables, and myths were a means to educate as well as
- Point of view predominantly favored a third-person to amuse offering listeners a source of entertainment along with moral
omniscient (knowing everything) perspective, lessons. One generation passed them on the next and stories altered
allowing insight into the thoughts and feelings of slightly to reflect cultural changes and evolution before they were
multiple characters. collected for printing (15th century).
- The narrator often served as a moral guide,
providing commentary on characters' actions and Aims of Didactic literature is typically to teach
motivations.
• Morality- Didactic literature often seeks to convey moral
5. Theme: principles or values.
• Ethics-Didactic literature involves principles of conduct and
- Themes in children and adolescent literature of the moral considerations.
John Newbery era included the importance of • Practical Lessons-Didactic offers guidance for navigating life
honesty, friendship, family, perseverance, and the e.g. advices, decision-making, interpersonal relationships, or
triumph of good over evil. facing challenges.
- Stories often conveyed moral lessons and
emphasized the value of virtue and integrity. WORKS VARID FROM:
6. Style: • Moral-Focus is on morality, emphasizing concepts of right and
wrong, and virtues like honesty, integrity, and kindness (i.e.
- The writing style was typically straightforward and fables).
accessible to young readers, with clear language • Religious-some didactic literature has a religious orientation,
and vivid descriptions. imparting spiritual or moral lessons based on religious beliefs
- Dialogues were often used to convey character (i.e. the bible and the pilgrim’s progress by john Bunyan in
personalities and advance the plot. 1678- story about how one should live their life as Christian).
- Imagery and symbolism were employed to engage
• Political- Didactic literature can also address political themes,
readers' imaginations and convey moral messages
aiming to instruct readers about governance, societal
subtly.
structures, or political ideologies (i.e. allegorical stories)
Impact on Children's Literature: • Practical Teaching-Beyond moral, religious, and political
Newbery essentially established the market for children's literature for aspects, didactic works can offer practical guidance for
later publishers (such as John Marshall) and helped popularize using everyday life (i.e myths and folktales about survival,
entertainment and toys to promote reading, which can enhance cooperation, and adapting to challenges or books on how to
children's skills, knowledge, and values. make a stew, bake, and essential skill and scientific books).
TRIVIA
While many types of literature can be didactic, not all literature is
explicitly designed for educational or instructional purposes.
• John Newbery produced 30 children`s books. He made sure
all of his books contained a moral so parents would buy them. Some genres like
Some of his books were published anonymously or under
alternative pseudonyms such as Abraham Aesop and Tommy • Fables- Short stories typically features animals with human-
Trapwit (Hegel, 2000) like qualities and end with moral lesson (i.e. he tortoise and
• English publisher John Newbery (1713-1767) was the first the hare-teaches importance of perseverance)
person to create books specifically for children. His work • Parables- use allegorical stories to illustrate moral or spiritual
reflected the changes in attitudes about children during the lessons (i.e. the good Samaritan-which convey importance of
eighteenth century and aimed to present entertaining and compassion)
educational materials designed for a child's reading level and • Myths- often explains the origin of the world, natural
interests. phenomena, or cultural practices. Within these stories are
moral or ethical lessons embedded providing guidelines for
REFERENCES: behavior or explaining societal norms.
• Fairy Tales- while entertaining, it often conveys moral
• https://libguides.tamut.edu/newberry/history messages and cultural value (i.e. Cinderella or little red riding
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Newbery hood that contains lessons about kindness, resilience, or the
• https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and- consequences of disobedience).
arts/english-literature-1500-1799-biographies/john- • Poems, poetry and verse-emphasize emotion and explicit
newbery?fbclid=IwAR0TyHgrR7jG93YYMr4zsO1_l4BN7hswGL lesson (i.e. Now we are six)
F5l5thxWF3ycb9ZLJD1MVHBfs • Drama and play- although play, it may convey moral
• https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/kidspost/who-was- messages, focus on character development (i.e. jack and the
john-newbery/2021/06/21/cbd239b6-ac5f-11eb- beanstalk)
acd324b44a57093a_story.html?fbclid=IwAR2rR4mwhO0LDBm • Fiction and Non-fiction- tells story but carry moral themes
dWoGvmz5BHJNiEe4FUKKizgNeGJ34IaQKoaSndptFzWg (i.e. Molly’s Pilgrim and the story of Martin Luther King Jr.)
DIDACTIC PERIOD- Books for Teaching Children Trivia
Didactism- is a literary movement encompassing written works that is • the now famous fable is originally attributed to the slave Aesop
both to instruct and entertain. It is about teaching and educating. -believed to be a teacher, writing to instruct his students in
cultural and personal values. Who was freed from being slave
• Didactics literature philosophy is that children must be because of his cleverness, humor, and wit-serve as an advisor
taught about the real things and the world which they live to King Croesus of Lydia 6th century.
whether that can be morals or how to make a stew.
• The Aesop’s Fable- written by a former Greek slave (ancient
• Function of didactism in literature is to give readers a way storyteller), in the late to mid-6th century BCE (collected
to better themselves. This type of literature is written in order stories of animals acting people and retold to children during
to give the audience specific moral conduct advice and is classic times) are now world’s best-known collection of
oftentimes aligned with a spiritual or religious belief. morality tales. The fables were originally told from person to
• Jean Jacques Rousseau- a French philosopher started this person as much as entertainment purposes but largely as a
philosophy in education of children notably in 17th century means for relaying or teaching moral or lesson. These early
(1712 to present times) stories are essentially allegorical myths often portraying
• Didactic- is instructive. animals or insects e.g. foxes, frogs, grasshoppers, cat, dog,
• The word derives from the Greek word “didaktikos” which ants representing human engagement in human like situation
means “Skilled in Teaching” (a belief known as animalism)
• Epistolary format- letters written didactically (i.e. letters of St.
Didactic Writings- are written for a particular purpose, such as Paul in the New Testament).
imparting moral lessons, instruct way of life, while entertaining readers
• As the influenced of Christianity spread, so too did one of the
or listeners. Works that fall under its definition may certainly possess a
most monumental works of didacdic literature: The Bible-
heavy-handedness and preachy, such as moralizing or lecturing, but
which is both wisdom and entertainment- the exact definition
these qualities are prerequisites, so long as here is some amount of both
of didactism. It shapes reading material, theatre, politics, and
instruction and readability in a piece.
way of life. This led to development of morality plays.

KEY TAKEAWAYS