CHAPTER -VI

RURAL TRANSFORMATION : CASE STUDIES

6.1 INTRODUCTION
In the previous chapter, an attempt has been made to examine the role of
socio - economic factors in the rural transformation. Present chapter is
associated with micro level analysis of five case study villages. It examines the
changes in rural atmosphere in the study region. These studies are inevitable to
understand the geographical, social and economical reality at micro level. It
will also support the generalization attempted earlier. In rural atmosphere, there
are various aspects like agriculture, industrial, market center, tourism etc. The
major feature to be analyzed will consist of changing, general as well as
agricultural land use, technological features. The information is collected with
the help of interview and questionnaire method.

6.2 SELECTION OF CASE STUDY VILLAGE

The five villages, have been selected from aspect of agricultural,
industrial, market center and tourist places in the study region.
Thus they are,
A Sugarcane producing village - Borgaon
B Grape producing village - Yelavi
C Poultry farming village - Ghanwad
D Weekly market centre - Atpadi
E Tourist place - Aravade

6.3 SUGARCANE PRODUCING VILLAGE - BORGAON

Borgaon village is located in Walwa tahsil of Sangli district at a distance
of 10 km from Islampur town. The total population of the village Borgaon is
11,229 in the year of 2011, including 5,746 males and 5,483 females. The
Borgaon grampanchayat was established on 1st January 1941. Village Borgaon

161
has total area about 2,068 hectare. Out of the total geographical areas 1,941
hectare area is cultivated. The major crops in the village Borgaon are
Sugarcane, Soyabean, rice, wheat, ginger, vegetable, betel leapt, jowar, gram
and beans.
Table 6.1
Socio-Economic Amenities in Village Borgaon (2011)

Sr. No. Amenities Sub Type

1 Education P,S,HS

2 Medical H,HC

3 Drinking Water T,HC

4 Post Office PO

5 Bus Stop BS

6 Pucca Road PR

7 Electricity ED

8 Market Day Friday

9 Credit Societies/Bank CS,B

10 Library Lib.

Source : Based on Field Work 2011

The Borgaon village has six primary, two secondary, one higher
secondary and one Art’s college. One primary health center is runned by Zilla
Parishad and one veterinary center is runned by the government of Maharashtra
in village Borgaon. The drinking water facilities are very good. The Borgaon
grampanchayat has constructed a thank with capacity of 2,50,000ltr’s. Two
wells and eight hand pump are also available in this village.
There are post office, telephone office also pucca road, sub division of
MSEB provides the electricity for the domestic and agricultural purpose.
Village Borgaon has weekly market on friday. There is a branch of bank

162
Maharashtra, Sangli district central Co-operative
Co operative bank and Rajarambapu co-
co
operative bank.. There are 5 co-operative
operative milk societies, four co-operative
co credit
societiess are available. The village has two computer training centers
center and three
libraries.
6.3.1 Population Growth of Borgaon
Population
ion growth of village Borgaon has shows in the table 6.2. In the
year 1971, the population of Borgaon was 6,555 which is increased
in to 7,836
showing 19.54 percent increase with 1971.
Table 6.2
Population Growth of Boragaon Village (1971 to 2011)
2011
Borgaon Village
Sr. No. Years
Population % of growth
6,555 0.0
1 1971
7,836 19.54
2 1981
9,393 43.30
3 1991
11,094 69.24
4 2001
11,229 71.30
5 2011
Source :District Census
Census Handbook, Sangli District, 1971 to 2011
Population Growth of Boragaon Village (1971
1971 to 2011)
2011

12,000

10,000

8,000
Population

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Year

Fig. 6.1

163
 The population of village Borgaon was 9,393 in the year 1991 which is
increased of 43.30 percent. In the year 2001, population was 11,094 which is
increased to 11,229 showing 71.30 percent increase with 1971.
6.3.2 Number of Livestock in Village Borgaon
Veterinary center has started in 1962 in village Borgaon. Livestock are
integral part of agriculture of village Borgaon and consists of cow, buffaloes,
sheeps, goats and poultry birds etc.
Table 6.3
Number of Livestock in Village Borgaon (2010 -11)

Sr. No. Types of Livestock Number of Livestock

1 Cow 498 (0.71)

2 Buffaloes 2,350 (3.34)
3 Sheep / Goat 665 (0.94)
4 Poultry Birds 66,885 (95.01)
Total 70,398 (100.00)
Source :Based on Field Survey
Note: Figure in the Bracket Shows in Percentage

Out of the total livestock population poultry birds is rank first with
95.01 percent, followed by buffaloes is second and sheep / goats are third rank
with 3.34 percent and 0.94 percent respectively.
6.3.3 Changes in General Landuse in Village Borgaon
Landuse is the result of the combination of with natural genesis of
human influences which have been brought to bear on it, in the part and of
those which are still active in the present (Vink, 1975). Man plays a pivotal role
in conditioning and transforming his physical environment (Barlowe, 1963).

164
 Table 6.4
Changes in General Landuse Pattern of Village Borgaon
(1980-81 to 2010-11)
Year Change in %
Sr.
Landuse Type 1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2010-11
2010-11
1 New Sown Area 1,586.34 (76.71) 1,940.43 (93.83) 17.12
Land Not Available
2 68.83 (2.94) 1.87 (0.09) - 2.85
for Cultivation
3 Cultivable Waste 240.33 (11.82) 64.23 (3.11) - 8.71
4 Follow Land 180.50 (8.73) 61.47 (2.97) - 5.76
5 Forest ---- --- ---
Source :Based on Field Work
Note : Figure in bracket indicate the percentage

Changes in General Landuse Pattern of Village Borgaon

100
90
Landuse in Percentage

80
70
60
50
40
30 1980-81
20 2010-11
10
0
New Sown Land Not Cultivable Follow Forest
Area Available Waste Land
for
Cultivation
Landuse Type

Fig. 6.2
The table 6.4 shows that changes in general landuse pattern of village
Borgaon. The net sown area shows increasing trend while, land not available
for cultivation, cultivable waste, fallow land and forest land shows decreasing
trend. In the year 1980-81,
1980 the
he net sown area was 76.71 percent and 93.83

165
 percent in the year 2010-11. It is increased with 17.12 percent. The land is not
available for cultivation was 2.94 percent in 1980-81 and 0.09 percent in the
year 2010-11. The land not available for cultivation are decreased with -2.85
percent cultivable waste land is also decreased with -8.71 percent which was
11.82 percent in 1980-81 and 3.11 percent in the year 2010-11. Fallow land
was 8.73 percent in 1980-81 and 2.97 percent in 2010-11 and decreased with -
5.76 percent. Land not available for cultivation, cultivable waste land, fallow
land is decreased due to it’s transfer for agricultural land in village Borgaon.

6.3.4 Changes in Agricultural Landuse in Village Borgaon

The agricultural landuse pattern shows in the table 6.4 during the thirty
years span the area under wheat, jowar, maize, pulses, oilseeds and other crops
are decreased. The highest decreased shows in the crops like jowar and maize
with -2.51 and -8.8 percent respectively. On the other hand the area under
sugarcane, soyabean, rice, fruits and vegetables are increased with 31.16
percent, 1.68 percent, 1.00 percent and 1.58 percent respectively.
Table 6.5
Changes in Agricultural Landuse in Village Borgaon (1980-81 to 2010-11)
Year Change in %
Sr.
Name of Crops 1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2010-11
2010-11
1 Sugarcane 392.74 (24.76) 1,085.00 (55.92) 31.16
2 Soyabean 280.00 (17.65) 375.04 (19.33) 1.68
3 Rice 200 (12.61) 264.02 (13.61) 1.00
4 Wheat 75.05 (4.73) 75.03 (3.87) - 0.86
5 Jowar 350.30 (22.08) 11.03 (0.57) - 21.51
6 Maize 160.00 (10.09) 25.04 (1.29) - 8.8
7 Pulses 20.16 (1.27) 09.04 (0.46) - 0.81
8 Fruits & Vegetable 40.31 (2.54) 80.06 (4.12) 1.58
9 Oilseeds 26.35 (1.66) 12.02 (0.62) - 1.04
10 Other 41.43 (2.61) 4.09 (0.21) - 2.4
Total 1,586.34 (100) 1,940.43 (100)
Sources :Based on Field Work
Note : Figure in the bracket shows in percentages

166
 Changes in Agricultural Landuse in Village Borgaon in Percentage
(1980-81 to 2010-11)

60

50
Landuse in Percentage

40

30

20
1980-81
10 2010-11

Crops

Fig. 6.3
The highest increased land under crops registered is sugarcane. The area
under sugarcane was only 392.74 hectare in 1980-81
1980 81 which is increased to
1,085.06 hectare in the year 2010-11.
2010 11. Fertile soil, increased irrigation facilities,
modern agricultural implement
implement are responsible in increasing the area under
sugarcane. Number of sugar factories are also increased in this region.

6.3.5 Irrigation Development in Village Borgaon

Total picture of agriculture is changed in Borgaon village due to
irrigation. Table
ble 6.6 shows that, irrigation development in the Borgaon village.
In the year 1980-81,
81, the total number of wells was found only 127 and it
increased to 358 wells are observed in the year 2010-11.
2010 11. 187 tube wells are
observed in the year 2010-11.
2010

167
 Table 6.6
Irrigation Development in Borgaon Village
Number
Sr. Area Under Irrigation (Hect.)
Source
No. 1980-81 2010-11
1980-81 2010-11
1 Wells 127 358 1,312 1,840
2 Tubewells --- 187 --- 67
Total 1,312 1,907
Source :Based on Field Work
In the year 1980-81, the proportion of area under irrigation is very less
and is 1,312 hectare. It increased to 1,907 hectare area under irrigation in the
year 2010-11.
6.3.6 Modern Agricultural Implements in Village Borgaon
Changing nature of modern agricultural implements are shows in the
table 6.7 in the year 1980-81, there was 17 tractors in village Borgaon.
Increasing the intensity of irrigation, increasing the area under sugarcane,
commercialization and mechanization of farming also easy flow of financial
assistance, the number of tractor are increased and reach 86 tractors in the year
2010-11.
Table 6.7
Modern Agricultural Implements in Village Borgaon (1980-81 to 2010-11)
Sr. 2010-11
Implements 1980-81
No.
Tractors 017 86
1
Per Hectare Use (93.31) (22.56)
Oil Engine & Electric Pumps 125 435
2
Per Hectare Use (12.69) (4.46)
Source: Based on Field Work
Due to the absence of rural electrification the farmers were used oil
engines in the year 1980-81. With the development of rural electrification the
number of electric pumps are increased. Only 125 oil engines and electric
168
pumps was observed in the year 1980-81 and 435 electric pump shows in the
year 2010-11.
Borgaon village is located in Walwa taluka. The economic growth of
village is heightened by sugarcane production. It is situated riverside. Due to
congenial climate and abundant water supply, there is growing sector of
sugarcane production. It helps to get employment for the villagers.
Consequently, education, the culture and social strata of the society achieved
overall development.

6.4 GRAPE PRODUCING VILLAGE - YELAVI

Yelavi village is located in Tasgaon tahsil of Sangli district at a distance
of 11 km. from tahsil place. The total population of Yelavi village is 10,511 of
which 5,391 are males and 5,120 are females as per population census 2011.
Yelavi village has total area of 2,635 hectare. Out of total geographical area,
2,464 hectare land are under cultivated. Grapes, Sugarcane, Groundnut,
Soyabean, wheat are the major crops in village Yelavi.
Table 6.8
Socio-Economic Amenities in Village Yelavi (2011)
Sr.
Amenities Sub Type
No.
1 Education P,S,HS
2 Medical H,HC
3 Drinking Water T,HC
4 Post Office PO
5 Bus Stop BS
6 Pucca Road PR
7 Electricity EB
8 Market Day Wednesday
9 Credit Societies/Bank CS.B
10 Library Lib.
Source : Based on Field Work 2011

169
 In Village Yelavi, there are two primary, one secondary and one higher
secondary school. It has four private hospitals, one government primary health
centre and five medical shops. The drinking water is made available by tap and
hand pumps. Post office, Pucca road are aso here. Sub division of MSEB
provide the electricity for domestic of agricultural purpose.
Yelavi has no big market except weekly market on Wednesday. There is
a branch of Bank of India, Sangli District Central Co-operatives bank and four
Co-operative credit societies are available. The village has one veterinary
center run by the government of Maharashtra and have two library.

6.4.1 Population Growth of Yelavi Village

Percentage of population growth of village Yelavi is shows in the table
6.9. The population of Yelavi was 6,831 in the year 1971, which is increased to
7,575 with 10.89 percent increased.
Table 6.9
Population Growth of Yelavi Village (1971 to 2011)
Sr. Yelavi Village
Years
No. Population % of Growth
1 1971 6,831 0.0
2 1981 7,575 10.89
3 1991 8,595 25.82
4 2001 9,350 36.88
5 2011 10,511 53.87
Source :District Census Handbook, Sangli District

170
 Population Growth of Yelavi Village in Percentage (1971
1971 to 2011)
2011
60

Population Growth in Percentage 50

40

30

20

10

0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Years

Fig. 6.4
In the year 1991, the population of Yelavi was 8,595 & 10,511 in the
year 2011. Near about 2000 population is increased in these twenty years.
6.4.2 Changes in General
Gene Landuse in Village Yelavi
Land use is related to conservation of land from one major use to
another
er general use (Nanavati, 1951). The surface utilization of all developed
and vacant land on a specific
s point, at a given time and space (Jainendra
Kumar, 1986).
Table 6.10
Changes in General Landuse of Yelavi Village (1980-81
81 to 2010-11)
2010
Year Change in %
Sr.
Land use Type 1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2010-11
2010-11
2,124.82 2,464.45
1 Net Sown Area 12.89
(80.61) (93.50)
435.20
2 Follow Land 129.00 (4.89) - 11.53
(16.51)
Land Not Available
3 75.76 (2.81) 42.33 (1.61) - 1.2
for Cultivation
2,635.78 2,635.78
Source :Calculation
Calculation Based on Field Work
Note : Figure in bracket indicate the percentage

171
 Changes in General Landuse of Yelavi Village (1980-81
81 to 2010-11)
2010

100
Changes in Landuse in Percentage 90
80
70
60
50
40 1980-81
81
30 2010-11
11
20
10
0
Net Sown Follow Land Land Not
Area Available for
Cultivation

Landuse Type

Fig. 6.5
Changes in agricultural landuse pattern of village Yelavi
elavi shows table
Fallow land, land not available for cultivation is decreased due to the land is
transfer for
or agricultural uses in village Yelavi. The net sown area shows
tremendous increasing
creasing trend while the land not available for cultivation and
fallow land shows decreasing trend. In the year 1980-81,
1980 81, the net sown area was
80.61 percent and it goes up to 93.50 percent in the year 2010-11,
2010 with
increased 12.89 percent. The fallow land was 16.51 percent in the year 1980-81
1980
of it decreased to 4.89 with -11.53 percent in 2010-11.
11. The land not available
for cultivation was 2.81 percent in 1980-81
1980 81 and 1.61 percent in the year 2010-
2010
11. The land not available for cultivation are decreased with
wit -1.2
1.2 percent.

6.4.3 Changes in Agricultural

Agricult Landuse in Village Yelavi
During the thirty years span the changes in agricultural land use are
shown in the table 6.11. During this period jowar, maize, groundnut, wheat
crops are decreased.

172
 Table 6.11
Change in Agricultural Landuse
Land in Village Yelavi (1979--80 to 2010-11)
Year Change in %
Sr.
Name of Crops 1980
1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2010-11
2010
2010-11
1 Grape 31.04 (1.46) 305 (12.38) 10.92
2 Sugarcane 104.03 (4.90) 380 (15.42) 10.52
3 Jowar 650 (30.59) 460 (18.67) -11.92
11.92
4 Maize 125 (5.88) 40 (1.62) -4.26
4.26
5 Pulses 225 (10.59) 190 (7.71) 6.12
6 Groundnut 275 (12.94) 250 (10.15) -2.79
2.79
7 Soyabean 245 (11.53) 470 (19.07) 7.54
8 Wheat 350 (16.47) 45 (1.83) -7.1
7.1
9 Vegetable 17 (0.80) 21 (0.85) 0.05
10 Others 102.75 (4.84) 303 (12.30) 7.46
2,124.82
Total 2,464 (100)
(100)
Sources : Calculation Based on Field Work
Note : Figure in the bracket shows in percentage

Change in Agricultural Landuse

Land in Village Yelavi in Percentage
(1980-81 to 2010-11)

35

30
Landuse in Percentage

25

20

15
1980-81
10
2010-11
5

Crops

Fig. 6.6

173
 The highest decrease was found in the crops of jowar, wheat and maize
with -11.92, -7.1 and -4.26 percent respectively. The area under grape,
sugarcane, pulses, soyabean and other crops are increased. The highest increase
land under crops recorded is grapes.
Only 1.46 percent areas was under grapes in 1980-81 which is increased
to 12.38 percent in the year 2010-11and is increased with 10.92 percent.
Availability of water, modern agricultural implements, good climatic condition
for grapes farming the area under grape cultivation is increased.
6.4.4 Irrigation Development of Village Yelavi
Irrigation is essential for cultivation and better yield. It can change the
face of agriculture and the types of crops to be cultivated and inputs to be used
in agriculture. Table 6.12 reveals that the change in irrigated area in the village
Yelavi. In the year 1980-81, the total number of wells was found 265 and 779
wells are observed in 2010-11. Also 107 tube wells are registered in the year
2010-11.
Table 6.12
Irrigation Development in Yelavi Village (1980-81 to 2010-11)

Sr. Number Area irrigated (Hect.)

Source
No. 1980-81 2010-11 1980-81 2010-11
23.5 659.25
1 Wells 265 779
(100.00 %) (90.31 %)
2 Tube wells --- 107 --- 70.75 (9.69 %)
Total 235 730
Source :Calculation Based on Field Work
The proportion of area under irrigation is very less and is only 235
hectare in the year 1980-81. It is increased to 730 hectare area under irrigation
in the year 2010-11. Out of the total irrigated area about 659.25 hectare (90.31
%) area irrigated under the source of well irrigation and remaining 70.75
hectare (9.69 %) area is irrigated by the source of tube wells.

174
6.4.5 Modern Agricultural Implements In Village Yelavi
Agricultural implements play an important role in agriculture. Before
1980, indigeneous implement like wooden plough, bullock, oil engines were
used by farmers. After that the situation of agricultural implement are changed.
Table 6.13 shows that the changing nature of agricultural implements in Yelavi
village, only 04 tractors were found in 1980-81. After that the number of
tractors are increased. In 2010-11, the total 40 tractors are registered in Yelavi,
due to sugar factory region, credit facilities of the farmer increased and
purchasing power enhanced.
Table 6.13
Modern Agricultural Implements in Village Yelavi (1980-81 to 2010-11)
Sr. 2010-11
Implements 1980-81
No.
Tractors 04 40
1
Per Hectare Use (531.2) (61.6)
Oil Engine & Electric Pumps 170 750
2
Use Per Hectare (12.49) (3.29)
Source :Based on Field Work

In the absence of rural electrification oil engines were used by the farmers in
1980-81. After the development of rural electrification. Electric pumps are
introduced. In 1980-81 total oil engine and electric pumps were only 170 and it
increased to 750 in the year 2010-11 of large in number encouraging irrigation
development.
Yelavi village is known for grape production. Here is both climate and
water supply are favourable conditions for production of grapes. The money
can be made available by co-operative and nationalized banks. As result of this,
grapes can be exported. Due to export and production for local markets,
economic standard of people’s life is heightened. The question of
unemployment is also minimized.

175
 6.5 POULTRY FARMING VILLAGE- GHANWAD
The small village Ghanwad is located north of Vita in Khanapur taluka
of Sangli District, with total 605 families residing. The population of village
Ghanwad is 2,591 of which 1,289 are males while 1,302 are females as per
population census 2011. It is 5 km. away from Vita. Average sex ratio of
Ghanwad village is 1,010 which is higher than Maharashtra state average of
929. Literacy rate of Ghanwad village is 82.59 percent compared to 82.34
percent of Maharashtra. Out of total population, 1,243 were engaged in work
activities in Ghanwad village. 83.27 percent of workers describe their work as
main work. While 16.73 percent were involved is marginal activity providing
livelihood for less than 6 months of 1,243 workers engaged in main work, 445
were cultivators while 263 were Agricultural labourer. The total area of village
Ghanwad is 997.68 hectare.
6.5.1 Changes in General Landuse Pattern in Ghanwad Village
Table 6.14
Changes in General Landuse Pattern of Village Ghanwad
(1980-81 to 2010-11)
Year Change in %
Sr.
Landuse Type 1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2010-11
2010-11
1 Net Sown Area 673.75 (67.53) 700.00 (70.16) 26.25 (+2.63)
Land Not Available
2 18.98 (1.90) 15.65 (1.57) - 3.33 (-0.33)
for Cultivation
3 Cultivable Waste 113.35 (11.36) 109.15 (10.93) - 4.2 (-0.43)
4 Fallow Land 137.25 (13.76) 123.34 (12.37) -13.91 (-1.39)
5 Forest 54.35 (5.45) 49.54 (4.97) -4.81 (-0.48)
Source :Calculation Based on Field Work
Note : Figure in bracket indicate the percentage.

176
 Changes in General Landuse Pattern of Village Ghanwad in Percentage
(1980-81 to 2010-11)

80

70

60
Landuse in Percentage

50

40

30 1980-81
2010-11
20

10

0
Net Sown Land Not Cultivable Fallow Forest
Area Available Waste Land
for
Cultivation
Landuse Pattern

Fig. 6.7
The table 6.14 reveals that, the net sown area shows increasing trend and
land not available for cultivation, cultivable waste, fallow land and forest land
shows decreasing trend. The net sown area was 67.53 percent in 1980-81
1980 and
70.16 percent in 2010-11,
2010 in this period 2.63 percent net sown area was
increased. The land not available for cultivation was 1.90 percent in 1980-81
1980
and it decreased to 1.57 percent in 2010-11
2010 with -0.33
0.33 percent. Cultivable
waste
aste land was 11.36 percent in 1980-81
1980 81 and 10.93 percent in 2010-11.
2010 In
these thirty years cultivable waste land is decreased by -0.43
0.43 percent. Fallow
land was 13.76 percent in 1980-81
1980 81 and 12.37 percent in 2010-11.
2010 It is
decreased with -1.39
1.39 percent. Forest
Forest land also decreased with -0.48 in these
thirty years.

177
 .2 Changes in Agricultural
6.5.2 Agricultu Landuse in Ghanwad Village
Table 6.15
Changes in Agricultural Landuse
Land in Village Ghanwad (1980-81
81 to 2011-12)
2011
Year Change in %
Sr.
Name of crops 1980
1980-81 to
No. 1980-81 2011-12
2010
2010-11
1 Jowar 165.86 (24.62) 140.00 (20) (-4.62)
4.62)
2 Bajara 46.04 (6.83) 30.00 (4.29) (-2.54)
2.54)
3 Maize 102.07 (15.15) 120.00 (17.14) (1.99)
4 Wheat 85.06 (12.62) 100.00 (14.29) (1.67)
5 Pulses 90.30 (13.40) 95.00 (13.57) (0.17)
6 Sugarcane 30.40 (4.51) 70.00 (10) (5.49)
7 Oilseeds 123.00 (18.26) 105.00 (15) (-3.26)
3.26)
Fruits and
8 12.00 (1.78) 21.00 (3) (1.22)
Vegetables
9 07.00 (1.05)
Condi. & Spices 8.00 (1.14) (0.09)
10 Other 12.00 (1.78) 11.00 (1.57) (-0.21)
0.21)
673.75 (100) 700 (100)
Source: Calculation
alculation Based on Field Work
Changes in Agricultural Landuse in Ghanwad in Percentage
( 1980-81 to 2010-11)

25
Landuse in Percentage

20

15

10

5
1980
1980-81
0 2010
2010-11

Crops

Fig. 6.8

178
 Temporal variation in agricultural landuse is shown in following table
6.15 reveals that during the span thirty years are area under jowar, bajra ,
oilseeds and other crops was decreased by 4.62, 2.54, 3.26 and 0.21 percent
respectively on the contrary area under maize, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, fruits
and vegetables and condiment-spices was increased with 1.99, 1.67, 0.17, 5.49,
1.22 and 0.09 percent respectively.
6.5.3 Irrigation Development
Irrigation can change the face of agriculture in many ways. It can change
the type of crops to be cultivated and inputs to be used in agriculture. It is
regarded as an important yardstick in showing the transformation for
agriculture.
Table 6.16
Irrigation Development in Ghanwad Village (1979-80 to 2010-11)

Sr. Number Area Irrigated (Hect.)

Source
No. 1980-81 2010-11 1980-81 2010-11
1 Wells 41 78 50.00 (100.00 %) 62.00 (36.26 %)
2 Tube Wells --- 157 --- 109.00 (63.74 %)
Total 50.00 171.00
Source :Based on Field Wofk
Table 6.16 exhibits changes in irrigated area in the village Ghanwad in
1980-81 , the proportion of area under irrigation is very less. The total number
of wells was 41 in 1980-81 and 78 in the year 2010-11. There was not observed
tube wells in 1980-81, which is 157 tube wells are registered in the year 2010-
11.
In the year 1980-81 only 50 hectare area is under irrigation. It is
increased to 171 hectare area under irrigation in 2010-11 by total sources of
irrigation. out of total irrigated area, eight hectare area is irrigated by drip
irrigation and two hectare area is irrigated by sprinkler irrigation.

179
6.5.4 Modern Agricultural Implements
Changing nature and modern agricultural implements are shown in the
table 6.17 during 1980-81. In Ghanwad village tractor were only 02 after that
the number of tractors is increased to 72 tractors were found is the year 2010-
11. The high intensity of irrigation, dominance of cash crop, commercialization
and mechanization of farming, easy flow of financial assistance. Labour wages
are increased and decreasing tendency to use traditional farm implements have
been resulted to use traditional farm implements have been resulted in the
increasing number of tractors.
Table 6.17
Modern Agricultural Implements in Ghanwad Village
(1980-81 to 2010-11)
Sr. 1980- 2010-11
Implements
No. 81
1 Tractors 02 72
Oil Engine & Electric 204
2 35
Pumps
Source :Based on Field Work
In the year 1980-81, the farmers were used oil engines in the absence of
rural electrification after that, the development of rural electrification has
resulted in the introduction of electric pumps. In 1980-81 total oil engine and
electric pumps were 35 and 204 in 2010-11. It shows tremendous change in oil
engine and electric pumps.
Agricultural mechanization here refers to the technological advancement
achieved through the combined effects of all improved implements being used
by the farmers.
6.5.5 Poultry Farming in Village Ghanwad
Poultry farming is the allied activity, it provide source of income to the
cultivators and Agricultural labourer in rural areas. Khanapur taluka ranks first
in poultry farming in Sangli district. Out of the total poultry birds near about

180
2,20,000 poultry birds are registered in village Ghanwad. After the Gardi
village Ghanwad ranks second in no. of poultry birds in rural areas.
Table 6.18 give the information regarding the increasing number of
poultry birds in case study village of Ghanwad. Only 1,500 poultry birds was
observed in the year 1982 with one poultry farm, which was increased 1,30,000
total no of poultry birds with 40 poultry farm in the year 2001 and 2,20,000
poultry birds with 49 poultry farms in the year 2011.
Table 6.18
Poultry Farming in Ghanwad Village (1982 to 2011)

Sr. Total No. of No. of Poultry Birds

Years
No. Poultry
1 1982 01 1,500
2 1991 17 27,000
3 2001 40 1,30,000
4 2011 49 2,20,000
Source : Based on Field Work.
Number of Poultry Birds in Ghanwad Village ( 1982 to 2011)

1982, 1,500 1991, 27,000

2001, 130000

2011, 220000

Fig. 6.9
181
 After 2001, the total no of poultry birds are increased due to Panchayat
Samiti of tahsil and animal husbandry department made provision to give
finance in the farm of loans, subsidies to purchase eggs, improved cocks,
breeding improvement of to the improvement of poultry home.
6.5.6 Feed Mills in Ghanwad Village
Increasingg number of feed mills is shown in the table 6.19.. In
I the year
2002, there
re was only three feed mills were found, which is increased six feed
mills in the year 2004 and fifteen feed milks in the year 2007.
Table 6.19
Feed Mills
ills in Village Ghanwad (2002 to 2007)

Sr. No. Years No. of Feed Mills

1 2002 03
2 2003 04
3 2004 06
4 2005 08
5 2006 10
6 2007 15
Source : Based on field work
Number of Feed Mills
M in Village Ghanwad ( 2002 to 2007)
2007
16

14

12
No. of Feed Mills

10

0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Years

Fig. 6.10

182
 Tremendous progress was observed after 2006 due to Govt. of
Maharashtra gives finance in the form of loan and subsidy for feed mills.
6.5.7 Workers of Poultry Farming in Village Ghanwad
With the help of poultry activities the employment opportunity to youth
has provided in case study village of Ghanwad. It creates a large scale of
employment. According to 2011 census the population of village Ghanwad is
2591. Due to this, out of total population 7.53 percent population has got
employment opportunities with the help of 49 poultry farms and 15 feed mills.
Table 6.20
Workers of Poultry Farming in Village Ghanwad (1982 to 2011)
No of Workers
Sr.
Years Poultry
No. Feed mill Total
farm
1 1982 03 --- 03
2 1991 51 --- 51
3 2001 120 --- 120
4 2011 150 45 195
Source : Based of field work
Number of Workers in Poultry Farming in Village Ghanwad
( 1982 to 2011)

1982, 3
1991, 51

2011, 195

2001, 120

Fig. 6.11
183
 Table 6.20 give the information regarding the increasing number of
poultry workers in village Ghanwad. In the year only three workers are
engaged in poultry activities, which was increased 51 workers in 1991 and 120
workers in the year 2001 by poultry farm. After 2001, near about 15 feed milk
are established hence in the year 2011, near about 195 person are engaged in
this poultry activities.
The number of workers are increased with increasing number of poultry
farms and feed mills. Which is positive relationship between poultry activities
and employment opportunity and reduction of rural poverty.
Ghanwad village is mainly known for poultry farming. It changed
Ghanwad’s social status. Due to poultry farming, people get employment and it
results in decreasing unemployment of Ghanwad inhabitants. They have their
own small scale business. It helps in economic growth of the village. Besides it,
there is also availability of employment in feed mills. Overall, poultry farming
changed social and economical scenario of Ghanwad village.

6.6 WEEKLY MARKET CENTER - ATPADI

Atpadi is an administrative town the Atpadi taluka located in the north
east of Sangli District. The location of Atpadi is 17025’0” North latitude and
74057’0” East longitude and is away 90 Km. from Sangli. The population of
Atpadi is 20,791 of which 10,786 are males and 10,005 are females as per
population census 2011. Atpadi is divided into south and north portion by a
natural water. North portion is known as new Atpadi having government
administrative office, a government hospital, a courthouse, a police station, an
electricity board office, colleges and newly formed colonies. South side of
Atpadi is old and more populated with commercial center, old government
hospital, weekly market of vegetable, fruit, cattle market.
The total area of Atpadi is 8,530 hectare. Out of these 6,088 hectare is
under cultivated. The main crops are jawar, Bajara, Maie, Cotton, Pomegranate
pulses.

184
 Table 6.21
Socio-Economic Amenities in Village Atpadi (2011)
Sr. No. Amenities Sub Type
1 Education P,S,HS,C
2 Medical H,HC
3 Drinking water T,HP
4 Post Office PO
5 Bus Stop BS
6 Pucca Road PR
7 Electricity ED
8 Market Day Saturday
9 Credit Society/Bank CS,B
10 Library/ Entertainment Lib./ Ent.
Source : Based on field work
The Atpadi has Pri-primary schools, five secondary schools, three higher
secondary schools and two colleges. Also in Atpadi have a professional course
like ITI, D. Ed, B. Ed and Diploma Colleges. A one Government primary
hospital is located on Atpadi - Nimbavade road is the biggest hospital. Also
twelve private hospitals and lots of medicals are found Atpadi. Only source for
drinking water in Atpadi is a lake which is located three Km. away from the
town. Under the Krishna Khore Vikas Mahamandal various water canals were
projected into the Atpadi. Atpadi has weekly market on Saturday.
Atpadi has a MSRTC bus stand and depot. It has post office telephone
office. MSEB provides the electricity for domestic, commercial and
agricultural purse. Atpadi has weekly market on Saturday which is famous for
cattle market.
Atpadi has four nationalized banks such as like Bank of India, Bank of
Maharashtra, Bank of Baroda and State Bank of India. It also has eight co-
operative banks and various co-operative banks three ATM facilities by Bank
of India, ICICI Bank and Bank of Baroda. It also has computer training center
and library.

185
 Atapadi is one of the developing talukas of Sangli district. It is mainly
known as drought prone taluka. Its large area consists of non-productive land
as there is lack of water. Taluka place is important centre for exchange and
communication for its inhabitants. Taluka is weekly market centre as there
exchange of agricultural goods and livestock. There is large number of
livestock brought from every corners of the district and even from other
surrounding districts.
As a result of this, Atapadi plays crucial role in the economic and social
development of its inhabitants. It has become centre of development. It has also
affected on agricultural economy in a positive way. The exchange of livestock
and production of commerce through it improved life standard in rural area. It
also created new employments as new vibrant youths got their economic goals.
It has now evolved as model of rural development.
Table 6.22
No. of Livestock Brought and Sale in Atapadi Weekly Market (2012-2013)
No. of Livestock No. of
Sr. No. Livestock
Brought Livestock Sold
1. Bull 800 700

2. Cow 15 10
3. Buffalo 20 15
4. Horse 10 05
Total (1+2+3+4) 845 730
5. Sheep 40,000 39,500
6. Goats 36,000 34,000
Total (6+7) 76,000 73,500
7. Chicken 27,000 22,797
8. Eggs (dag-bundal of tray) 5000 4,530
Total (7+8) 32,000 27,327
Grand Total (1 to 8) 1,08,845 1,01,557
Source : Atpadi Market Committee, 2012-13

186
No. of Livestock Brought and Sale in Atapadi Weekly Market (2012-2013)
(2012

40000
35000
30000
No. of Livestock

25000
20000
Brought
15000
Sold
10000
5000
0
Bovine Sheep Goats Chicken
Livestock

Fig. 6.12

The above table shows number of livestock brought and sale in Atapadi
weekly Market in the economic year 2012-2013.
2012
From the above table, the analysis of the weekly market can be done as
follows:
The kinds of livestock such as bull, cow, buffalos and horse
hor are
important livestock from the commercial point of view. The exchange of
market revolves around them. The figures indicate average values.
Nearly about 800 bulls are brought and out of these about 700 bulls
bul are
sold. It indicates 87.50 percent sellingg of bulls as they are important means of
agriculture. Fifteen cows are brought to the weekly market and about ten are
sold out. It indicates that less number of cows are brought and sold. The reason
behind it might be religious. Here, nearly, 66.66 percent sale is done. As
compared to cow, there is rise in the number of buffaloes. Twenty buffalos are
brought and out of these, fifteen
fifteen are sold. It means nearly 75 percent are sold.
The rate of horse bringing and selling is low as compared to any other
livestock.
ock. About ten horses are brought and its 50 percent means only five are
sold. In total, as we see, 845 livestock is brought and 730 livestock is
i sold. The
percentage is 86.39 percent.
percent

187
 Sheep and goats are considered as poor farmer’s wealth. The number of
sheep are brought 40,000 per week and near about 39,500 are sold. Here,
selling percentage is 98.75 percent which is very high among all. In case of
goats, nearly 36,000 are brought and 34,000 are sold. The selling percentage
here is 94.44 percent. Overall, 76,000 sheep and goats are brought and out of
these, 73,500 are sold. An average selling percentage reaches here 96.71.
Chicken and eggs is the popular non-vegetable meal among rural people.
Considering this fact, 27,000 chickens are brought and 22,797 are sold. The
indication of selling percentage is 84.43 percent. In case of eggs (dag - a
bundle of trays), 5000 are available for selling but 4,530 are being sold. Here,
selling percentage is 90.60 percent. If we consider, chicken and eggs together,
32,000 livestock is brought and out of this 27,327 is sold. 85.39 is here selling
percentage.
In grand, whole livestock is considered, 1,08,845 livestock is brought
and 1,01,557 is sold. Here, the grand average of selling percentage is 93.30.
From this statistics, it is clear that weekly market plays very important role in
rural people’s everyday life.
Table 6.23
Income From Livestockin Atpadi Weekly Market (2012-13)

Livestock Selling Price

Sr. No. Livestock
Owners (Rs)
1. Bull 80 95,58,000
2. Cow 10 4,53,500
3. Buffalo 02 7,42,500
4. Horse 10 41,505
Total (1+2+3+4) 102 1,07,95,505
5. Sheep 4000 3,10,50,000
6. Goats 3600 2,78,00,000
Total (6+7) 7600 5,88,50,000
7. Chicken 2279 22,79,700
Eggs
8. 920 1,00,000
(dag- a bundle of trays)
Total (7+8) 3199 32,79,700
Grand Total (1 to 8) 10,901 7,29,25,205
Source : Atpadi Market Committee 2012-13

188
 Atpadi Weekly Market : Income From Livestock (2012-13)
(2012

35000000

30000000

25000000
Income

20000000

15000000

10000000

5000000

0
Bovine Sheep Goats Chicken
Livestock

Fig. 6.13
The above table shows getting income by selling livestock in weekly
market.
There is an average 80 owners of bulls visited this market and about
95,58,000 rupees exchanged per week. As such, ten cow owners, 02 buffalo
owners and ten horse owners
owner come to this weekly market and 4,53,500,
7,42,500 and 41,505 rupees exchanged respectively per week.
In total as bull, cow, buffalo and horse owners put together, 102 owners
come and exchange of nearly about 1,07,95,505 rupees taken place.
In the case of sheep and goats, number of owners are increased
remarkably. There are 4000 owners
owner of sheep and 3600 owners of goas visited
and 3,10,50,000 and 2,78,00,000 rupees exchanged in the market per week
respectively. If sum is considered together, there are 7600
7600 owners of sheep and
goats come and 5,88,50,000 rupees exchange all
al together.
In case of chickens, there are 2,279
2 279 owners visited the market per week
and 22,79,700 rupees are exchanged per week. There are 920 dags are brought
in the market and nearly sum
sum of 1,00,000 rupees are exchanged weekly.

189
 In total, in case of chickens and eggs dags total number of owners
reaches 3,199 and 32,79,700 rupees are exchanged in together.

If we take grand total of all factors, it seen that nearly 10,901 owners
visited the market place and about 7,29,25,205 sum of money exchanged per
week.

6.7 TOURIST PLACE ARAVADE

Aravade is a small village in Tasgaon tahsil of Sangli District. It is about
10 km away from Tasgaon and 36 km from Sangli. The latitudinal extent of the
village is 17o 6’ 17” North and longitudinal extent is 740 40’ 35” East. Total
area of the village Aravade is 1,577.79 hectare. The land of the village Aravade
is observed is fertile and cultivated. The height of Aravade village is 460 m.
above mean sea level. The climate type is hot and dry with annual average
rainfall is 250 mm and temperature is maximum 380C and minimum 200C.
Village Aravade has the human population as about 4,099 including 2,063
males and 2,036 females. Total number of houses in Aravade village is 871.
The international institute of is ISKON (International Society for
Krishna Consciousness) has established Sri Radha-Gopal temple in 1994 in
Aravade village. Out of 5.7 acre land of is ISKON, temple is covered is 4.10
acre land. The credit to build this temple goes to Shri. Lokanathswami Maharaj
Consciousness in 108 countries around the world. In yearly “Festival of Hare
Krishna” some programs started for spiritual inspiration in People. Always
people from various countries of the world are visited to this festival.
Krishnatatva darshan museum, children Park, goshala (cattle house),
prabhupad ashram and green field are add the beauty in the temple and mark
the attraction of the tourist.
6.7.1 Population Growth of Aravade Village
Table 6.24 shows that the population growth of village Aravade. In 1971
the population of Aravade village was 25.34 which is increased to 2,858 in

190
 Table 6.24
Population Growth of Aravade Village (1971 to 2011)
Aravade Village
Sr. No. Years
Population % of Growth
G
1 1971 2,534 00
2 1981 2,858 12.79
3 1991 3,109 22.69
4 2001 3,774 48.93
5 2011 4,099 61.76
Source : District
strict Census Handbook, Sangli, 1971 to 2011
Population Growth of Aravade Village (1971
1971 to 2011)
2011
70

60

50
Population Growth

40

30

20

10

0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Years

Fig. 6.14
1981 and 3109 in 1991 with 12.79 percent and 22.69 percent increased
respectively. In the year 2001, there was 48.92 percent increased and in the
year 2011 it was 61.76 percent increased the population of Aravade village.
6.7.2 Socio-Economic
Economic Amenities in Village Aravade
Socio-Economic
Economic amenities are play as an important role in changes in
rural atmosphere of the village. Table 6.25 shows that the socio-economic
socio
amenities is the village of Aravade. In Aravade, the drinking water facility
consist tap water,
er, well water and fifteen hand pumps are available. It has one

191
government health centre, two private hospitals and one medical shop. There is
one primary, one secondary and one English medium school. Post office and
telephone facilities are available in village Aravade. There is pucca road and
for the travelling state transport
Table 6.25
Socio-Economic Amentities in Village Aravade (2013)
Sr. No. Amenities Sub Type
1 Drinking Water T,HP
2 Medical HC,H
3 Education P.S.
4 Telephone Phone
5 Bus Stop BS
6 Electricity ED, EAG
7 Market Day Friday
8 Credit Society/Bank CS
9 Pucca Road PR
10 Post office PO
Source : Based on Field Work 2013
buses are come from Tasgaon, Sangli, Vita and Atpadi. New private
vehicles like Rickshaws, Jeep etc are found. Electricity is available in village
Avarade and is useful for domestic and agricultural purpose. Friday is weekly
market day of Aravade village. Sub counter of Bank of Maharashtra also four
credit societies are available. The cultural hall, two small Hotels, one shopping
centre and gymkhana are available in Aravade village.
6.7.3 No. of Devotees Visited to Aravade Village
Aravade village is birth place of Swami Maharaj and is a holy place for
his followers. The Hare Krishna festival has been celebrated every year at
Aravade. Since thirty five years this festival is celebrated under the guidance of
and inspiration of Srilog Loknath Swami (Loknath Swami Maharaj, 2008). At
the time of Hare Krishna Festival near about ten thousand people come from
surrounding rural areas to attend this festival and hence this place became
famous and wel-known.

192
 Table 6.26
Number of Devotees
Devo Visited to Aravade Village (2013)
Aravade
Sr. No. Year
Devotees Growth Rate in %
1 2005 74,000 00.00 %
2 2006 76,000 2.70 %
3 2007 79,000 6.76 %
4 2008 81,000 9.46 %
5 2009 1,20,000 62.16 %
6 2010 1,90,000 156.76 %
7 2011 2,70,000 264.86
8 2012 3,55,600 380.54
9 2013 3,75,000 406.76
Source : President, ISKON Temple Aravade,
Aravade 2013
Number of Devotees
Devo Visited to Aravade Village ( 2005 to 2013)
2013

400,000

350,000

300,000
No. of Devotees

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Year

Fig. 6.15
The table shows the increasing trend of visitors. In 2005, there were
74,000 devotees visited at Aravade. The quantity of devotees is increased from
740,00 to 81,000 in the year 2008. After that the number of visitors or devotees

193
is increased day by day. The devoter’s quantity is increased because of the
construction of new temple. In the year 2009, the ISKON constructed a new
temple of Radha-Krishna which is named as “Sri-Sri RadhaGopal Temple” in
Aravade village. (RadhaPrem.DeviDasi, 2009).
In the year 2009, 1,20,000 devotees are visited to this temple of
Aravade. It increased to 3,55,600 devotees and 3,75,000 devotees visited in the
year 2012 and 2013 respectively. Only 2.70 percent growth rate of devotees is
observed in the year 2006, 156.76 percent in 2010 and 406.76 percent in the
year 2013 compare to the year 2005.
6.7.4 Districtwise Visitors Visited to Aravade
The researcher has done survey of visitors randomly at the time of
festivals and occasions of Sri Radha Gopal Temple, Aravade. The information
is collected with the help of questionnaire filled by about 505 visitors.
Table 6.27
Districtwise Visitors Visited to Aravade (2013-14)

Sr. Aravade
District
No. No. of visitors Percentage
1 Sangli 176 34.85
2 Kolhapur 65 12.87
3 Satara 54 10.69
4 Solapur 27 5.35
5 Pune 24 4.75
6 Mumbai 17 3.37
7 Thane 14 2.77
8 Ratnagiri 13 2.57
9 Nasik 12 2.38
10 Usmanabad 11 2.18
11 Nagpur 11 2.17
12 Ahmednagar 10 1.98
13 Other Country 09 1.78
14 Jalna 08 1.58

194
 15 Nanded 07 1.39
16 Latur 07 1.39
17 Dhule 06 1.19
18 Parabhani 05 0.99
19 Jalgaon 04 0.79
20 Ahmedabad (Gj) 02 0.40
21 Belgaon (Ka) 02 0.40
22 Indore (Mp) 01 0.20
Source : Based on field Work, 2013

The district wise distribution of visitors to Aravade village is shown in

above table. The visitors are visited from all over India and also abroad. From
the above table it is observed that the maximum devotees, which are about
34.85 percent are visited from Sangli district. About 5.35 percent devotees are
from Solapur 4.75 percent from Pune, 3.37 percent from Mumbai, From Thane
2.77 percent, devotees are visited, 2.57 percent are from Aurangabad, 2.38
percent are from Nashik, 2.18 percent are from Usmanabad and 2.17 percent
from Nagpur. Only 0.40 percent and 0.30 percent devotees from out of state
like Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh respectively. About 1.78 percent
devotees visited from the countries especially Germany, America, Italy, France
and Brazil.
Arawade village is gifted with Hare Krishna Temple. It is beautiful and
skillful designed. Aravade is developed due to attribution of Hare Krishna
temple. It has become centre of attraction for devotees and many religious
people around the district. Many people visited this village as tourist place. It
results in economic and social growth of the village.

195
REFERENCES
1. Barlowe, R. (1962), Land Resource Economic. Prentice Hall, Inglewood
Cliffs, p.1
2. Census Handbook – Sangli, 1971-2011
3. Loknath Swami Maharaj, (2008), ‘Sukhi Jivanacha Marg’, Padyatra
Press, pp.8-12, 40-41
4. Radha Prem Devi Dasi, (2009), ‘Jau Devachiya Gava’, Patrika,
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, Mumbai, p.11
5. Socio Economic Review, 2010-2011
6. Vink, A. P. A. (1975), Landuse in Advancing Agriculture.
Springerveriag. New York, pp. 1-168
7. www.iskonaravade.com

196
COLOUR: 163-168,171-174,177-178,181-184,187-194

197