Plant Archives Vol. 18 No. 1, 2018 pp.

571-576 ISSN 0972-5210

AQUATIC PLANTS OF DELHI, GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR, GHAZIABAD,

HAPUR AND ADJACENT AREAS

Rashtra Vardhana
Department of Botany, Govt. P. G. College, Sambhal (Uttar Pradesh), India.

Abstract
In the present study, this paper enumerate 319 Aquatic angiospermic plants those are growing in Delhi, Ghaziabad, Gautam
Buddh Nagar, Hapur and adjacent areas. Delhi is the metropolitan city of India. It stretches along the bank of the Yamuna
River. Delhi state comprises of a long narrow strip of territory along the Yamuna River. Which has formed from a part of the
Old Delhi district and 65 Trans Yamuna villages (formerly in the Ghaziabad and Meerut districts of Uttar Pradesh). On the
south west of Delhi lies the Thar Desert, to the north lies the lofty Himalaya. In the north east lies the plain area on the Indo-
Gangetic divide west of which are the plains of the Indus to the south and in N.E.-S.W. direction is the Aravalli range, the last
tail extension of which enters Delhi from Gurgaon. While to the east lies fertile Gangetic plain. Delhi is bounded on the north
by Karnal on the east by the river Yamuna that separates it from the district of Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddh Nagar and
Bulandshahar in the Uttar Pradesh, on the south by Gurgaon and on the west by Rohtak.Thus Delhi occupies a unique
position in the form of a gateway between the Thar Desert, Aravalli range and the Himalayas. The Ghaziabad district fall in the
indo-Gangetic plain of north west India, being a heavily industrialized district in Uttar Pradesh, near National Capital Delhi.
There are four rivers in the district viz. Ganga River, Yamuna River, Black River, Hindon River and level plain with gradual
slope from North to South. An extensive survey has been conducted for 4 years (2011-2015) and during the period of study
it has been kept in mind that no place should be missed because every place is very useful to collect and record the new plant
species. In this survey total given area was studied and collected the information of the aquatic angiospermic plants that are
grown, planted, cultivated and naturalized in the area. The plants were identified with the help of different published flora and
herbarium lodged in different places of India.
Key words : Aquatic angiospermic plants, Delhi, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Hapur, adjacent area, herbarium.

Introduction Hapur are newly formed districts.

The state of Delhi lies between Latitude 760 50’E to The progressive and repeated Botanical survey in
77 23’ E and longitude 280 12’N to 280 53’N with an
0 understanding of the flora of a region gives an uptodate
elevation of 213-219 m above the sea level. Ghaziabad information about plants growing in that area. The critical
District has four rivers viz. Ganga River, Yamuna River, review of a literature reveals that the work on an
Black River, Hindon River and level plain with gradual Angiospermic flora covering district Moradabad was
slope from North to South. There are also some hillocks under taken by various workers in the past viz. Hooker
near Garmukteshwar, Abdullapur, Poonth and Loni, (1872-1879), Duthei (1903-1929), Babu (1977), Raizada
attaining an elevation of 679.156 feet above sea level (1979) and Vardhana (1998-2007). But the survey was
and the approximate bearings are 770 7’ E To 780 14’ E. on all type of Angiospermic plants. Now, it has been taken
Latitude and 28 027 ’ N to 28 055 ’ N. Longitude. It is in mind that how many aquatic plants are growing in
bounded by district Moradabad in the East, district Meerut Moradabad district and adjacent areas.
in the North, district Bulandshahr and Gautam Buddh
Materials and Methods
Nagar in the south and by National Capital and Union
territory Delhi in the west. Gautam Buddh Nagar and In the present study, the total aquatic plants of
different places e.g. River banks, Canals, Ponds, Pools,
*Author for correspondence : E-mail : celinpapparani@gmail.com
572 Rashtra Vardhana

Puddles, Ditches, Lakes, water Reservoirs and Water Factors decreasing the number of plants
channels have been studied and 319. species of aquatic As all are aware of the fact that plants play a vital
plants has been surveyed. role for the existence of life on the earth but the number
All the collected plants species were identified with of natural flora is going to be decreasing continuously
the help of different published floras and Herbarium e.g. with unbalanced ratio due to various factors such as
IARI Delhi, BSI Dehradun, FRI Dehradun, BSI industrialization, urbanization, dumping garbage, uses of
Allahabad, CNH Calcutta (Hawrah) etc. insecticides, pesticides and large number of crackers on
Deepawali festival by Hindu’s, ozone layer depletion there
Observations by global warming, less use of domestic animal dung for
During the collection of plants species were collected crops production, testing of nuclear and non-nuclear
from different places given in table 1. weapons, soil-erosion and various polluting, performed
by men.

Table 1 : Plants species collected from different areas during study.

Aquatic Plants :
Ranunculaceae Brassicaceae
Ranunculus muricatus Linn. Iberidella andersonii HK. f. & Thorns.
R. sceleratus Linn. Coronopus didymus (Linn.) Sm.
R. cantoniensis D. Don. Trochilus cochlearioides (Roth.) Schulz.
R. acquatilis Linn. var trichophyllus Hook.f & Thorns. Arabidiopsis thaliana (Linn.) Heynh.
Nastertium officinale R.Br.
N. palustre DC
Nymphaeaceae Cardamine hirsuta Linn. var. Sylvatica
Nymphaea alba Linn. Lepidium ruderale Linn.
N. nouchali Burm.f. Arabis glabra Bernh.
N. stellata Willd.
Nuphar luteum Sibth& Smith. Cleomaceae
Cleome brachycarpa Vahl. ex.DC.
Nelumbonaceae C.viscosa Linn.
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Biq.
Caryophyllaceae
Holosteum umbellatum Linn.
Stellaria media (Linn.) Vill.
Portulacaceae Cerastium cerastioides (Linn.) Britt.
Portulaca oleracea Linn. Arenaria serpyllifolia Linn.
P.quadrifida Linn Polycarpaea corymbosa (Linn.) Lamk.
Polycarpon prostratum Aschers & Schwenf.
Spergula fallax (Lowe) Krause.
Silene conoidea Linn
Tamaricaceae Mimosaceae
Tamarix troupii Hole. Neptunea oleracea Lour.
T. dioica Roxb.
Rosaceae
Elatinaceae Potentilla supina Linn.
Bergia ammanioides Roxb. P. anseriana L.
Vahliaceae
Malvaceae Vahlia digyna (Retz.) O.Ktze.
Malva parviflora Linn.
Lythraceae
Tiliaceae Rotala indica (Willd) Koehne.
Corchorus trilocularis Linn. Ammannia baccifera Linn.
C. aestuans Linn. A. salicifolia Monti
C. tridens Linn. A. multiflora Roxb.
Table 1 continued...
 Aquatic Plants of Delhi, Gautam Budh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Hapur and Adjacent Areas 573

Table 1 continued...
C. capsularis Linn. A. senegalensis Lamk.
Oxalidaceae Onagraceae
Oxalis corniculata Linn. Jussiaea repens Linn.
O. corymbosa DC. J. suffruticosa Linn.
O. europaea Jordan. Ludwigia perennis Linn.
O. latifolia Auct. Pl. (non-H.B.&K) Oenothera drummondii Hock
Papilionaceae O. rosea Soland.
Psoralia corylifolia Linn. O. laciniata Hill.
Aeschynomene indica Linn. Trapaceae
Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. T. natans Linn. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino.
T. resupinatum Linn.
T. tomentosum Linn. Campanulaceae
Medicago lupulina Linn. Campanula benthamii Wall.
M.polymorpha Linn. var. polymorpha Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) DC.
Atylosia scarabaeoides (Linn.) Benin. Sphinocleaceae
Vicia hirsuta (Linn.) S.F. Gray. Sphinoclea zeylanica Gaertn.
V.sativa Linn. var. angustifolia Linn. Primulaceae
Lathyrus aphaca Linn. Primula umbellata (Lour.) Bentvelzen.
Haloragaceae Gentianaceae
Myriophyllum intermedium DC. (Vell.) Verdc. Centaurium centaurioides (Roxb.) Comb.
M. aquaticum
C.pullchellum (SW.) Druce.
Molluginaceae Hoppea dichotoma Hayne ex Willd.
Glinus lotoides Linn. Menyanthaceae
G. oppositifolius (Linn.) DC. Nymphoides cristatum (Roxb.) Kuntze.
Apiaceae N. indicum (Linn.) Kuntze.
Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban. Verbenaceae
Coriandrum sativum Linn Phyla nodiflora (Linn.) Greene.
Hydrocotyle sibthorbioides Lamk. Bouchea marrubifolia Schau.
H. peltata Salisb. Lamiaceae
Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC. Teucrium quadrifarium Buch-Ham.
Psammogeton biternatum Edgew. Leonurus cardiaca Linn.
Mentha aquatica Linn.
Rubiaceae M. arvensis Linn.
Dentalla repens (Linn.) J.R. & G. Forst. M. cardiaca J. Girard ex Baker.
Oldenlandia brachiata Hook.f. M. citrate Ehrh.
M. piperita Linn.
Asteraceae M. spicata Linn.
Myriactis walichii Less. M. spicata Linn. var. viridis Linn.
Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. Lycopus europaeus Linn.
Ethulia megacephala Sch.-Bip. Pogostemon benghalense (Burm.f.) Kuntze.
Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Salvia plebeia R.Br.
A.houstonianun Mill. Anisochilus carnosus Wall.
Sonchus brachyotus DC. Plantaginaceae
S.oleraceus Linn. Plantago major Linn.
S.asper (Linn.) Hill. Amaranthaceae
Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pomp. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.
Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) R. Br. Ex. Less. A.sessilis (Linn.) DC.
Centipeda minima (Linn.) A. Br. & Aschers A. paronychioides St.Hill.
Asclepiadaceae
Cichorium intybus Linn. Oxystelma secamone (Linn.) K.Schum
Cotula hemispherica Wall. Oxystelma bornouense R.Br.
C.anthemoides Linn Chenopodiaceae
Verbesena encelioides (Cav.) Benth & Hook f. Chenopodium ambrosioidis Linn.
C.murale Linn.
Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff. Polygonaceae
Conyza japonica (Thunb) Less. Polygonum plebeium R.Br.
C. aegyptiaca Dryand. P. plebeium R.Br.Var.micranthema Bl.
Table 1 continued...
574 Rashtra Vardhana

Table 1 continued...
Gnaphalium lutioalbum Linn. P.lapathifolium Linn.var.Ianatum (Roxb.) Steward.
G.lutioalbum Linn subsp. affine.(D.Don) Koster. P.glabrum Willd.
G. pulvinatum Delile. P.hydropiper Linn.
Enydra fluctuans Lour. P.barbatum Linn.. subsp. gracile Danser
Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Linn. P.barbatum Linn.subsp.barbatum Danser.
Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Rumex dentatus Linn.
Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. R. crispus Linn.
Spilanthes acmella Linn. Typhaceae
S. paniculata Wall. Ex DC. Typha angustata Bory & Chaub.
Chrysanthellum indicum DC. T.elephantina Roxb.
Hydrophyllaceae Sparganiaceae
Hydrolea zeylanica (Linn.) Vahl. Sparganium ramosum Huds.
Convolvulaceae Araceae
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Acorus gramineus Soland.
I.fistulosa Mart Ex Choisy. Alocasia forniculata (Roxb.) Schott.
I.biloba Forsk. Pistia stratiotes Linn.
Merremea quinquefolia (Linn.) Hall.f. Pothos aureus Hort.
M.gangetica (Linn.) Cufod. Liliaceae
Volvulopsis nummularia (Linn.) Roberty. Hosta fortunii Baily.
Scrophulariaceae H. plantaginea (Lam.) Asch.
Verbascum chinense (Linn.) Santapau. Zantedeschia aeothiopica (Linn.) Spreng.
V. thapsus Linn. Lemnaceae
Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm. Lemna gibba Linn.
B.monnieri (Linn.) Penn. L.purpusilla Torre.
Limnophila indica (Linn.) Druce. L. trisulca Linn.
L. rugosa (Roth.) Men. Spirodela polyrrhiza (Linn.) Schleid
Veronica anagallis-aquatica Linn. Wolffia arrhiza Wimm.
V. agrestis Linn. W.microscopica (Griff.ex.Voigt.) Kurz.
V.didyma Tenore.

Lentibulariaceae Alismataceae
Utricularia inflexa Forsk.var. stellaris (Linn.f.) P. Taylor. Limnophyton obtusifolium Miq.
Sagittaria quayanensis H.B.& K.
U. gibba Linn.subsp.exoleta (R.Br.)Taylor S.sagittifolia Linn.
U.aurea Lour. Echinodorus cordifolius Grisebach.
Acanthaceae Limnocharitaceae
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson Limnochairs flava (Linn.) Buch.
Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.
Asteracantha longifolia (Linn.) Vahl. Aponogetonaceae
Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders. Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Krause.
Rungia pectinata (Linn.) Nees. Amaryllidaceae
R. repens (Linn.) Nees. Zephyranthes candida Herb.
Ruellia brittoniana Leonard Z. citrina Baker
R. tuberosa Linn. Z. grandiflora Lindl.
Piperaceae Z. rosea Lindl.
Z. grandiflora Lindl. Cyperaceae
Peperomia pellucida (Linn.) H. B. & K. Carex fedia Nees
Euphorbiaceae Cyperus globosus All.
Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex. Willd.) Baillon C. sanguinolentus Vahl.
Euphorbia geniculata Orteg. C. pumilus Linn.
E. helioscopia Linn C. alopecuroides Rottb.
Urticaceae C. pygmaeus Rottb.
Pouzolzia hirta (Bl.) Hassk. C. laevigatus Linn.
P. pentandra (Roxb.)Benn. C. kyllingia Endl.
Ceratophyllaceae C. brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.
Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. C. compactus Ritz.
Table 1 continued...
 Aquatic Plants of Delhi, Gautam Budh Nagar, Ghaziabad, Hapur and Adjacent Areas 575

Table 1 continued...
Hydrocharitaceae C. paniceus (Rottb) Boeck.
Hydrilla verticillata (Linn.f.) Royle. C. tenuispica Steud.
Elodia canadensis Michx. C. squarrosus Linn.
E.canadensis var gigantea Hort. C. compressus Linn.
E.densa Planch. C. alulatus Kern.
Ottelia alismoides Pers. C. iria Linn.
Vallisneria spiralis Linn. C. corymbosus Rottb.
Musaceae C. articulatus Linn.
Musa paradisiaca Linn C. nutans Vahl.
M.chinensis Sweet. C. pangorii Rottb.
Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman C. papyrus Linn.
E. superbum Roxb. C. exaltatus Ritz.
Cannaceae C. digitatus Roxb.
Canna indica Linn. C. procerus Rottb.
Marantaceae C. pilosus Vahl.
Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe Eleocharis palustris R.Br.
T. geniculata Linn. E. dulcis (Burm.f.) Henschel.
Iridaceae E.atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth.
Acidanthera bicolor Hochst. E.capitata R.Br.
Fimbristylis pierotii Mig.
Pontederiaceae F. tenera Roem & Schult.
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. F.miliacea (Linn.) Vahl.
Monochoria hastata (Linn.) Solms. F. complanata (Retz) Link.
M.vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl. F. ferruginea (Linn.) Vahl.
Scirpus tuberosus Desf.
Commelinaceae S. littoralis Schrad.
Commelina forskalii Vahl. S. affinis Roth.
Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Schultz. S. juncoides Roth.
C. axillaris (Linn.) Schultz. S. articulatus Linn.
C. cristata Schultz. S. squarrosus Linn.
S. supinus Linn.
Potamogetonaceae S. roylei (Nees) Parker.
Potamogetone crispus Linn.
P. natans Roxb. Poaceae
P. nodosus Poir. Apluda mutica Linn. subsp. mutica.
P. pectinatus Linn. A. mutica Linn. subsp. aristata (Linn.) Comb. nov.
Zannichelliaceae Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud.
Zannichellia palustris Linn. E. diarrhena (Schult) Steud.
Elusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn.
Najadaceae E. compressa (Forsk.) Aschers & Schwfth.
Najas graminea Del. Phragmitis karka (Retz.) Trin ex Steud.
N. major Allioni Arundo donax Linn.
N. minor All. Hygroryza aristata (Retz) Nees ex Wt. & Arn.
Oryza sativa Linn.
Butomaceae Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.
Butomus umbellatus Linn. Oropetium thomaeum (Linn.f.) Trin.
Erianthus procerus (Roxb.) Raizada.
Eriocaulaceae Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Beauv.
Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br. Hemarthria compressa (Linn.f) R.Br.
Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash.
Hypoxidaceae Setaria glauca (Linn.) Beauv.
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Eriochloa procera (Retz) Hubb.
Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Agavaceae P. scrobiculatum Linn.
Table 1 continued...
576 Rashtra Vardhana

Table 1 continued...
Dracaena sanderiana Hort. P. paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn.
Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus.
Heliconiaceae P. punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus.
Heliconia angustifolia Hk. Echinochloa colonum (Linn.) Link.
H. humilis Jacq. E. crusgalli (Linn.) Beauv.
H. rostrata Ruiz. & Pav. Panicum palludosum Roxb.
P. antidotale Ritz.
Digitaria stricta Roth. ex Roem & Schult var. stricta
D. biformis Willd.

Inference Hooker, J. D. (1872-1879). The Flora of British India. Vols. 1-7

London.
We are planting only useful cultivated plants ignoring
other one. For the proper existence of natural flora and Kanjilal, U. N. (1928). Forest Flora of the Chakrata, Dehradun
fauna we should spare 40% land especially for the purpose and Saharanpur Forest Divisions, U.P. Ed. 3 : (Revised by
B. L. Gupta), 342.
of vegetation only we should control undesirable activities
which are responsible for reducing the number of flora Maheshwari, J. K. (1963). The Flora of Delhi. CSIR-New Delhi.
as well as fauna globally. Maheshwari, J. K. (1965). IIIustrations to the Flora of Delhi,
CSIR-New Delhi.
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