RAHMA ZAMIR DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS LAB 01 02-134222-096

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

Department of Computer Science

DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS

LAB EXPERIMENT # 1

Physical Layer and Ethernet Cabling

OBJECTIVE:-

• Make straight and cross Ethernet cable using EIA/TIA 568A and EIA/TIA 568B standard.

EQUIPMENT:-

1. Ethernet Cable
2. RJ 45 Connector
3. Crimping Tool
4. Wire Cutter
5. Cable Tester

THEORY:-

Ethernet category cable includes four twisted pairs in a single cable jacket. Inside the Ethernet
cable, there are 8 color coded wires. Wires are twisted into 4 pairs of wires. Each pair has a common
color theme. This use of balanced lines helps preserve a high signal-to-noise ratio despite interference
from both external sources and other pairs (this latter form of interference is called crosstalk). This
type of cable is often used in structured cabling for computer networks such as Ethernet, and is also
used to carry many other signals such as basic voice services, token ring, and ATM (at up to 155
Mbit/s, over short distances).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:-

• Orange / Orange-white
• Green / Green-white
• Blue / Blue-white
• Brown / Brown-white
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RAHMA ZAMIR DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS LAB 01 02-134222-096

Note that pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 and the blue and brown pairs are not used in either standard. Two wires
color-code standards apply: EIA/TIA 568A and EIA/TIA 568B.The codes are commonly depicted
with RJ-45 jacks as follows (the view is from the front of the jacks). If we apply the 568A color code
and show all eight wires, our pin-out looks like this:

PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION:-

1. First, you'll want to measure out how long you want your cable to be, just so you don't have
all this extra cable slack, or you don't make a cable too short, that would suck. Then, add 5
inches to that length so you have something to work with when terminating the cable ends.
2. Pull out your wire strippers and strip about an inch off of the cable, now you'll want to un-
twist the cables all the way to the rubber shield. You'll want to make sure there is a few
millimeters of copper exposed so they can make contact with the RJ-45 connector
3. What you want to do is make sure each wire is in the correct position before you put on the
RJ-45 connector. For straight cable by using 568B standard it should be white-orange, orange,
white-green, blue, white-blue, green, white-brown, brown, and this should be from look at the
top of the connector.
4. Put on the RJ-45 connector, and make sure the copper ends are making contact with the metal
plates in the RJ-45 connector, if they aren't go back and try organizing the wires so they all
connect.
5. Put it in the crimping tool and crimp it, now you have one end terminated.
6. For the other end repeat steps 2-6.
7. Plug your Ethernet cable into the tester and see if it all the lights light up green, if they do
then you're good, and you can get to making your other cables, if they don't you'll have to cut
off the RJ-45 connector and determinate your ends with a new connector.

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RAHMA ZAMIR DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS LAB 01 02-134222-096

QUESTIONS:-

1. Write only name which Ethernet cable used between given type of connections:

Connection Type Ethernet Medium

Switch to router Straight-through cable
Switch to PC or server Straight-through cable
Hub to PC or server Straight-through cable
Switch to switch Crossover cable
Switch to hub Crossover cable
Router to router Crossover cable
PC to PC Crossover cable
Router to PC Straight-through cable

2. Make cross/straight Ethernet cable and submit

Straight-through Cable:

Pin Colour
1 White Orange
2 Orange
3 White Green
4 Blue
5 White Blue
6 Green
7 White Brown
8 Brown

Crossover Cable:
Pin End1(568B) End2(568B)
1 White Orange White Green
2 Orange Green
3 White Green White Orange
4 Blue Brown
5 White Blue White Brown
6 Green Orange
7 White Brown White Blue
8 Brown Blue

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RAHMA ZAMIR DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS LAB 01 02-134222-096

3. Define following network terminologies:

EIA/TIA 568A and 568B standards:

These are standards that define the arrangement of the wires inside an Ethernet cable
(specifically, a twisted pair cable) and the pin-outs for Ethernet connectors (like RJ-45
connectors).
The standards ensure that devices using these cables and connectors can communicate effectively
over Ethernet networks.
The main difference between 568A and 568B is the order in which the wires are placed in the
connector. Both standards are widely used, but 568B is more common for Ethernet installations.

Color combination of straight and cross Ethernet cable

Straight-through cables are used to connect different types of devices, such as a computer to a
switch or a router to a modem. The color coding for a straight-through Ethernet cable is as
follows (TIA/EIA 568B standard):
• Pin 1: White/orange
• Pin 2: Orange
• Pin 3: White/green
• Pin 4: Blue
• Pin 5: White/blue
• Pin 6: Green
• Pin 7: White/brown
• Pin 8: Brown
Crossover cables are used to connect similar devices, such as two computers or two switches.
The color coding for a crossover Ethernet cable is as follows (TIA/EIA 568B standard):
• Pin 1: White/green
• Pin 2: Green
• Pin 3: White/orange
• Pin 4: Blue
• Pin 5: White/blue
• Pin 6: Orange
• Pin 7: White/brown
• Pin 8: Brown

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) & Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

• UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair is a type of cable that consists of pairs of twisted wires that are
not individually shielded. It is commonly used in Ethernet networks.
• STP: Shielded Twisted Pair is a type of cable that consists of pairs of twisted wires, each
individually wrapped in a foil shield, with an overall braided shield around all the pairs. It
offers better protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency
interference (RFI) compared to UTP.

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Straight Through and Cross-over Ethernet Cable

Straight-through cables have the same wiring standard at both ends, so the wire connected to pin
1 on one end is also connected to pin 1 on the other end. They are typically used to connect
different types of devices, such as a computer to a switch.
Crossover cables have one end wired as TIA/EIA 568A and the other end wired as TIA/EIA
568B. This allows them to connect similar devices, such as two computers or two switches,
without the need for a switch or hub in between.

RJ-45 connector
The RJ-45 connector is a standardized physical connector used for connecting Ethernet cables to
network interfaces, such as those found on computers, routers, and switches. It has eight pins and
is designed to hold

Teacher Signature: ________________________

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