American Democracy Now, 8e Brigid Harrison, Jean Harris, Michelle Deardorff (Test Bank, All Chapters

100% Original Verified, A+ Grade) Answer Key And The End Of Each Chapter.
Chapter 1
Student name:__________
1) Electoral politics in the United States was much the same in 1990 as in 1890. What
technologies emerged to transform electoral politics in the last two decades?
A) faster computers, rapid air transit, and satellite television
B) faster computers, the Internet, micro-targeting, and social media
C) rapid air transit, faster computers, mobile devices, and satellite radio
D) cellular and mobile technology, rapid air transit, and satellite radio
E) cellular technology, satellite television, and social media

2) Which decade saw a marked decline in American attitudes toward government?

A) the 1990s
B) the 1980s
C) the 1960s
D) the 1970s
E) the 1950s

3) Efficacy is peoples’ belief that

A) government can and should work to benefit all sectors of society.
B) government policies should be based on the protection of individual rights and
freedoms.
C) government exists for the maintenance of individual and general welfare.
D) they have the power to achieve something desirable, and the government will listen to
them.
E) government should be run efficiently and effectively by a small group of bureaucrats.

4) Despite lingering media characterizations of a cynical, uninvolved youth electorate, evidence

indicates that many young people are participating in political life in which manner of civic
engagement?
A) All of these answers are correct.
B) volunteerism
C) consumer participation
D) community action
E) Internet activism

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5) The Biden administration has not been successful in passing its signature domestic policy
initiative, the Build Back Better plan because
A) it lacks the support of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget.
B) it did not have full Senate support when two Democratic senators refused to vote for
the bill, fearing it would be unpopular with their conservative constituents in Arizona
and West Virginia.
C) it did not have the full support of the Senate when two Democratic senators refused to
vote for a bill that would be unpopular with their conservative constituents in
California and New York.
D) progressive members of Congress don’t support policies that will result in tax
increases for their constituents.
E) Americans today are more concerned about threats of war and terrorism than
domestic economic problems at home.

6) The political views of most young people in the U.S. tend to

A) be more conservation than those of the nation as a whole.
B) be a function of partisanship, reflecting more trust in the government during
Democratic administrations than during Republican administrations.
C) reflect a sense of trust in the government “most of the time.”
D) be more liberal than those of the nation as a whole.
E) be more progressive than those of previous generations.

7) Which of the following are actions practiced by individuals who engage in civic life and
public experience?
A) All of these answers are correct.
B) accumulation of knowledge about public issues
C) holding public officials accountable for their actions and decisions
D) advocating for one's own and others' self-interest
E) active communication with policymakers and others

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8) Political engagement can be defined as
A) citizen actions intended to solve public problems through political means.
B) citizen actions intended to address ideological differences through public interaction.
C) citizen actions intended to generate public awareness of the country's problems.
D) individual and collective actions designed to identify issues of public concern.
E) individual and collective efforts to describe political actions and outcomes.

9) Buycotting is
A) All of these answers are correct.
B) buying items from companies who contribute donations to political parties you
support.
C) buying items from companies whose products you like.
D) refusing to buy items produced by companies whose policies you disagree with.
E) buying items produced by companies whose practices you agree with.

10) Which of the following terms matches this description? "A quality conferred on government
by citizens who believe that its exercise of power is right and proper."
A) populism
B) right of exercise
C) veracity
D) legitimacy
E) authenticity

11) What is the foundation of the legal structure of the United States?
A) the federal Constitution
B) the Supreme Court
C) local constitutions
D) the federal court system
E) state constitutions

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12) Which of the following is NOT a function of most governments?
A) to preserve order and stability
B) None of these answers are correct, as all are functions of the government.
C) to arrest all opponents
D) to establish a legal system
E) to protect their sovereign territory

13) A(n)________ is when a member of a royal family has absolute authority over a territory and
its government.
A) democracy
B) monarchy
C) plutocracy
D) royalocracy
E) oligarchy

14) All of the following would be considered public goods in the United States EXCEPT
A) health insurance.
B) bridges.
C) clean air and water.
D) access to air transportation.
E) roads and highways.

15) Which of the following is true of the role and ideology of progressivism in the United States
today?
A) The Green New Deal and the Affordable Health Care Act (ACA) are popular
initiatives among progressives.
B) Progressives have lost some sway recently in the Democratic Party.
C) Progressives tend to emphasize political equality but not economic equality.
D) Progressives in 2020 tended to support Joe Biden in the Democratic primary.
E) Progressivism is roughly equivalent to socialism on the political spectrum.

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16) Which of the following is NOT a commodity tax?
A) sales tax
B) luxury tax
C) sin tax
D) property tax
E) income tax

17) What are the main factors social scientists use to classify systems of government operating in
the world today?
A) who participates in governing and in selecting those who govern; and how the
government is structured
B) how government officials are elected; and to what extent the government protects the
rights of its citizens
C) who selects those who govern; and whether the government’s powers are held in
check by other forces in society
D) who selects those who govern; and how much control the government has over the
daily lives of citizens
E) how governments are structured; and how governments are organized

18) Which of these types of government sees power held in the hands of an elite few?
A) democracy
B) autocracy
C) monarchy
D) tyranny
E) oligarchy

19) Which of these types of government places the supreme power of governance in the hands of
citizens?
A) tyranny
B) oligarchy
C) democracy
D) monarchy
E) autocracy

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20) Which type of government controls essentially every aspect of citizens' lives?
A) constitutional
B) libertarian
C) anarchic
D) authoritarian
E) totalitarian

21) Which of these countries is considered an authoritarian state system?

A) Japan
B) Canada
C) the United States
D) North Korea
E) China

22) Which of these countries is considered a totalitarian state system?

A) the United States
B) Canada
C) North Korea
D) Japan
E) China

23) Which of the following best describes the form of government of the United States?
A) directed democracy
B) constitutional monarchy
C) constitutional democracy
D) authoritarian democracy
E) oligarchy

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24) Which of these types of governmental structure is limited, or restricted in its actions, so that
citizens' rights are protected?
A) libertarian
B) totalitarian
C) anarchic
D) constitutional
E) authoritarian

25) What does the Greek term demokratia translate to mean?

A) freedom
B) people power
C) people's will
D) liberty
E) democracy

26) Who was the chief advocate of the divine right of kings or the idea that monarchs and
emperors ruled according to God's will?
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) John Locke
C) Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
D) Baron de Montesquieu
E) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

27) A social contract can be defined as an agreement between people and their leaders in which
A) the leaders agree to surrender most of their powers to popular political structures.
B) the people agree to give up most of their liberties in exchange for security and
protection.
C) the people agree to surrender all their liberties in exchange for security and
protection.
D) the leaders agree to surrender some powers in exchange for popular support.
E) the people agree to give up some liberties in exchange for the protection of their other
liberties.

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28) Why did Martin Luther's actions spark the Reformation?
A) He campaigned to be pope but was rejected.
B) He called for a social contract between religious leaders and the faithful.
C) He denounced the concept of the divine right of kings.
D) He wanted the powers of Catholic priests to be increased.
E) He openly criticized the harmful practices of the Catholic Church.

29) Who of the following constructed the concept of natural law, which asserts that standards
that govern human behavior are derived from human nature and can be universally applied?
A) Baron de Montesquieu
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) John Locke
D) Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
E) Sir Isaac Newton

30) According to________, without the rule of a strong monarch, people would lead lives that
were "…solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short."
A) Thomas Hobbes
B) Isaac Newton
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) Martin Luther
E) Thomas Jefferson

31) Who wrote Two Treatises on Civil Government in 1689, arguing against divine right
monarchy and proposing the existence of unalienable individual rights?
A) John Locke
B) Sir Isaac Newton
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
E) Baron de Montesquieu

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32) According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, government that is created by the people is dependent
on the authority of the people to rule, which is otherwise known as
A) social contract theory.
B) popular sovereignty.
C) natural law.
D) the divine right.
E) legitimacy.

33) What structure of government, in which citizens decide policy through majority rule, was
formed by the colonists in New England who fled religious persecution in England?
A) direct democracy
B) oligarchy
C) representative democracy
D) constitutional democracy
E) indirect democracy

34) What is another name for indirect democracy, where citizens elect representatives who
decide policies on their behalf?
A) limited democracy
B) directed democracy
C) constitutional democracy
D) guided democracy
E) representative democracy

35) Political culture can be defined as the

A) individual beliefs and opinions of citizens within large communities and societies.
B) people's collective support or dislike of different political parties and governmental
institutions.
C) groups and industries within our society that concern themselves with political issues.
D) people's collective beliefs and attitudes about government and the political process.
E) different political parties and ideologies that are formed within societies.

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36) Which of the following values is the most essential quality of American democracy?
A) security
B) equality
C) collectivism
D) self-government
E) liberty

37) The debate about whether government agencies should be permitted to collect private
communication data is most closely related to the American value of
A) liberty.
B) capitalism.
C) consent of the governed.
D) equality.
E) emphasis on individual, family, and community.

38) Which centuries saw the evolution of the modern concept of equality?
A) nineteenth and twentieth
B) eighteenth and nineteenth
C) twentieth and twenty-first
D) seventeenth and eighteenth
E) sixteenth and seventeenth

39) In the early years of the American republic, the right to vote was
A) available to white men only.
B) available to white and black men only.
C) available to white men and women only.
D) available to women and men of all races, but not immigrants.
E) available to women and men of all races, including immigrants.

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40) Debates about whether the government should tax the wealthy more than other classes
embody the concept of
A) political ideology.
B) legal equality.
C) economic equality.
D) liberty.
E) political culture.

41) Property is defined as

A) liquid or transferable capital assets.
B) anything that can be owned.
C) material possessions.
D) land.
E) property, firms, or businesses.

42) In a democracy, the idea of the consent of the governed argues that government power
A) derives from the people's consent.
B) derives from its inherent right to promote law and order.
C) is acceptable as long as individual rights are recognized.
D) derives from its security apparatus, particularly the army and the police force.
E) is justified and necessary.

43) Which of the following statements about majority rule is NOT true?
A) Governments based on this rule believe in the right of self-governance.
B) Political candidates in all democracies must win a majority of votes.
C) Only policies with a vote of 50 percent plus one are enacted.
D) It is often paired with the concept of the protection of minority rights.
E) It is implicit within the concept of consent of the governed.

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44) Which of the liberties protected by the Constitution illustrates the intimate relationship
between individual and community life favored by the Constitution's framers?
A) freedom of assembly
B) right to bear arms
C) freedom of speech
D) protection from search and seizure
E) freedom of religion

45) Political ideology provides a framework for which of the following?

A) thinking about policy issues
B) thinking about politics
C) thinking about politics, thinking about policy issues, and considering the role of
government in society
D) considering the role of government in society
E) thinking about political structures

46) Which of the following was NOT one of the key tenets of classical liberalism?
A) strong governmental authority
B) rule of law
C) unfettered market economy
D) consent of the governed
E) freedom of thought

47) Modern liberalism advocates which of the following principles?

A) government ownership of the means of production
B) unfettered market economy
C) maintenance of the status quo
D) minimal government authority
E) separation of church and state

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48) Which ideology emphasizes status quo, preserving traditions and traditional family values?
A) conservatism
B) socialism
C) populism
D) libertarianism
E) liberalism

49) Conservatism advocates which of the following principles?

A) limited role of government in public well-being
B) no prayer in public schools
C) separation of church and state
D) the importance of civil liberties
E) government-provided safety net

50) Which ideology places the greatest emphasis on economic equality?

A) conservatism
B) populism
C) libertarianism
D) liberalism
E) socialism

51) Which ideology, in its pure theoretical form, places the greatest emphasis on government
control of the economy?
A) socialism
B) populism
C) conservatism
D) libertarianism
E) liberalism

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52) Libertarianism advocates which of the following principles?
A) socialist economy
B) strong support for the rights of property owners
C) "hands-on" government approach
D) All of these answers are correct.
E) government-provided safety net

53) Which ideology places the greatest emphasis on laissez-faire capitalism?

A) socialism
B) libertarianism
C) populism
D) liberalism
E) conservatism

54) Which of the following is true of the role of socialism in the United States today?
A) No socialist has ever been elected to a prominent office in the United States.
B) Socialists in the United States have had the most electoral success in the early 21st
century.
C) It still plays a very minor role in American politics today.
D) Bernie Sanders, though sympathetic to socialism, refused to use the word to describe
himself during his 2020 campaign.
E) Even true socialists advocate against government ownership of the means of
production.

55) Which of the following is a reason for the significant increase in the proportion of single-
person households in the U.S.?
A) The proportion of young adults who are married has decreased.
B) An aging population contributes to increasing numbers of individuals who are
widowed.
C) There has been an increase in the number of male householders without spouses, and
men without a spouse are more likely to be raising children.
D) A growing proportion of the population lives in nonfamily households, both living
alone and those living with others.
E) All of these statements explain the significant increase in the proportion of single-
person households in the U.S.

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56) The key difference among modern liberals, conservatives, and libertarians is their view of
A) fundamental human rights.
B) the capitalist economy.
C) political culture.
D) the role of government.
E) representative democracy.

57) What type of ideological scale have social scientists developed to attempt to accurately
represent people's ideologies?
A) two-dimensional
B) one-dimensional
C) circular chart
D) linear spectrum
E) multidimensional

58) By 2020, the population of the United States reached about

A) 230 million.
B) 281 million.
C) 134 million.
D) 332 million.
E) 353 million.

59) Projections of the U.S. population indicate that, by 2050,

A) total population numbers will be lower than they are now.
B) the proportion of older Americans will be about the same.
C) total population numbers will have leveled off.
D) the proportion of older Americans will have increased.
E) the proportion of middle-aged Americans will have increased.

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60) Which regions of the United States are seeing increased elderly populations as younger
people leave these regions and seek opportunities elsewhere?
A) West and Northeast
B) Midwest and Plains
C) Southwest and Northeast
D) Southeast and Northeast
E) South and Southwest

61) Between 1990 and 2000,

A) both the Hispanic and Black percentages of the population decreased.
B) both the Hispanic and white percentages of the population increased.
C) the Hispanic percentage of the population increased, while the white percentage of
the population decreased.
D) the Black percentage of the population decreased, while the Asian percentage of the
population increased.
E) whites dropped below 50 percent of the total population.

62) Older Americans live in greater numbers in

A) Florida and the Southwest.
B) New Jersey.
C) Texas.
D) California.
E) South Carolina.

63) Which of the following are effects of changes in the U.S. population's ethnic makeup?
A) All of these answers are correct.
B) changes in people's political attitudes
C) changes in political campaigns and outreach
D) changes in national political culture
E) changes in terms of who governs

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64) Which of the following is true of the current political context in the United States?
A) Russian interference in U.S. elections and Russian power projection have increased
uncertainty and instability in the global context, and thus in U.S. political context.
B) Republican and Democratic parties have felt less pressure from their more ideological
members, which have fled to third parties and niche causes.
C) While cultural issues have become more volatile, globalization has harmonized trade
relations between the United States and its major foreign trading partners like China.
D) The Trump administration has proved unpredictable, but it has not changed the
fundamental image or context of the traditional institution of the presidency.
E) Debate over the role of government took a backseat in 2020 to issues of finance and
economic policy.

65) Outline how technology has transformed politics since the mid-twentieth century.

66) Discuss recent trends in political participation among young voters.

67) Identify and explain the key functions of the United States government.

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68) Outline the key features of monarchies, oligarchies, and democracies.

69) Explain the difference between an authoritarian government and a totalitarian one, and
identify examples of each.

70) Outline the historical events that led to the evolution and appearance of modern American
democracy.

71) Compare and contrast the political philosophies of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.

72) Discuss and identify key features of the political culture of the United States.

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73) Describe key beliefs and ideologies present in the United States today.

74) Identify and explain the changing complexion of race and ethnicity in the U.S.

75) Explain why social scientists use multidimensional scales to represent people’s ideologies.

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Answer Key
Test name: Chapter 1

1) B
2) D
3) D
4) A
5) B
6) B
7) A
8) A
9) E
10) D
11) A
12) C
13) B
14) A
15) A
16) E
17) A
18) E
19) C
20) E
21) E
22) C
23) C
24) D
25) B
26) C
27) E
28) E
29) E
30) A
31) A
32) B
33) A
34) E
35) D
36) E

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 Chapter 1
37) A
38) A
39) A
40) C
41) B
42) A
43) B
44) A
45) C
46) A
47) E
48) A
49) A
50) E
51) A
52) B
53) B
54) C
55) A
56) D
57) E
58) D
59) D
60) B
61) C
62) A
63) A
64) A
65) Essay
66) Essay
67) Essay
68) Essay
69) Essay
70) Essay
71) Essay
72) Essay
73) Essay
74) Essay
75) Essay

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