Prof.V.B.ShahInstituteofManagement&R.V.

PatelCollege
ofCommerce(Eng.Med.)&V.L.ShahCollegeofCommerce(Guj.Med.)&

SutexBankCollegeofComputerApplications&Sci
ence,Amroli
(Accredited‘B’(CGPA2.55)byNAACDec.-2009)
VEERNARMADSOUTHGUJARATUNIVERSITY,SURAT

PROJECTREPORT
ON
Library management system

ASAPARTIALREQUIREMENTFORTHEDEGREEOF

BACHELOROFCOMPUTERAPPLICATION(
B.C.A.)

SUBMITTEDBY: GUIDEDBY:
Dhruvik N.kaklotar (3064)
Darshan A. unagar (3065) Asst.Prof.Nency modi
Abhishek .ambaliya (3070)
Vivek ghoghari
Mihir V. ukani
(3071)
 Certificate
This is to certify that the project titled “Library management system
” is thebonafideworkcarriedoutby ………..students of TYBCA Sem-VI of Sutex
Bank College of Computer ApplicationsandScience,Amroli,
(Surat)affiliatedtoVeerNarmadSouthGujaratUniversity. He/she has
successfully completed his/her project work in partialfulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of "Bachelor ofComputer
Application" during the academic year2020-2021. And thatthe project has
not formed the basis for the award previously of any otherdegree,
diploma,fellowshipor anyother similartitle.

Asst.Prof.NaynaN.Mistry Dr.MukeshGoyani
ProjectGuide In-chargePrincipal

Date:
Place:Amroli,Surat.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The reason of completing the project work successfully is not just my effort of
many people. The people, who trusted me, and encourage me with every means.
Guide is a person who provides you the direction towards success, so I feel great
pleasure to express my gratitude to my guides, my faculty member as well as every
person who helped me directly orindirectly with my project.
Success is such a comprehensive project can’t have achieved singlehanded. It is
team effort that sails the ship to the coast. So we would like to express our sincere
thanks to all the dignitaries who were involves in making this project the great joy
and turning it our into successful piece of work.
I am also indebted to our professor Asst. Prof. Vishal Patel who provided
constant encouragement, support & valuable guidance before and during our
project. It was his effort who led me to this place for project work. His guidance
and suggestion were invaluable.
We also like to thanks our all professor who are always ready to give best
guide.They are the person who gives solution whenever needed.

Thanking to All.

PANDAV ASHISH
GHANSKATA HARSHIT
DEVGANIYA HARSHIL
CHAUHAN RAM
 INDEX

Sr.no Chapter Page

No.
1. Introduction
1.1 Projectdescription 1
1.2 ProjectProfile 2
2. EnvironmentDescription
2.1 HardwareandSoftwareRequirements 3
2.2 TechnologiesUsed 4
3. SystemAnalysisandPlanning
3.1 ExistingSystemanditsDrawbacks 14
3.2 FeasibilityStudy 17
3.3 Requirement GatheringandAnalysis 19
4. ProposedSystem
4.1 Scope 22
4.2 Projectmodules 24
4.3 Moduleviseobjectives/functionalitiesConstraints 25
4.4 ExpectedAdvantages 26
5. DetailPlanning
5.1 DataFlowDiagram/UML 28
5.2 ProcessSpecification/ActivityFlowDiagram 35
5.3 DataDictionary 46
5.4 Entity-RelationshipDiagram/ClassDiagram 51
6. SystemDesign
6.1 DatabaseDesign 52
6.2 DirectoryStructure 58
6.3 InputDesign 64
6.4 OutputDesign 70
7. SoftwareTesting 85
8. LimitationsandFutureScopeofEnhancementsRe 87
ferences
1 .INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION

1.2 PROJECTPROFILE
 LMS

1.1Project Description

The Web will in general be the foundation of the multitude of advances. As we are moving

towards the innovation driving age, the force of innovation is offering wings to individuals not

exclusively to get to innovation yet additionally to satisfy every one

of the necessities at their finger point. The number of vehicles in India will increment

presently, it will expand the number of vehicles at the technician shop to get overhauled.

The present circumstance will shape a chain at the repairman shop.

The issue of long lines and holding up can be exceptionally huge later on. The Vehicle

Service System for Automobile Services is a reformist advance in the field of administration

focuses and carports. Any vehicle client can utilize this site to find and speak with the help

communities or carports around there, book the accessible opening with the determination

of administrations required. After the booking, the client will definitely know the time that will

be taken for adjusting and the charging sum.

Likewise, clients will have a FAQs to help them with any inquiries.

1
 LMS

1.2Projectprofile

Projectname Library management system

Technology Php,mysql

Projecttype Management system

Frontend Php,html,css,javascript,ajax

Framework Bootstrap

Backend Mysql

Documentationtools Msword2019

Projectco-coordinator Asst.prof.Nency H modi

Submittedto Sutexbankcollegeofcomputerap
plication&science

Developedby DhruvikN.Kaklotar

DarshanA.Unagar

Abhishek.Ambaliya

VivekGhoghari

MihirV.Ukani

2
2. ENVIRONMENTDESCRIPTION
2.1 HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARESPECIFICATION
2.2 TECHNOLOGIESUSED
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2.1HardwareandsoftwareRequirement

Adminside:

OperatingSystem WINDOWS2010

RAM 2GBorhigher

Storage 375Mb

Browser GoogleChrome,MozillaFirefox,InternetExpl
orer

Internet Required

Userside/Waiterside/Chefside/deliveryboyside:

OperatingSystem MicrosoftWindows2010

RAM 4.00GBMinimum

8.00GBRecommended

SSD 512GB

Processor 1.60ghzrecommended2ghzormore.

Internet Required

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2.2Technologyused

IntroductionofPHP:-
 PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and
morepeople found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version
ofPHPwaybackin1994.
 PHPisarecursiveacronymfor"PHP:Hypertextpreprocessor”.
 PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used
tomanagedynamiccontent,databases,sessiontracking,evenbuildentiree-
commercesites.
 PHPisintegratedwithanumberofpopulardatabases,includingMySQL,PostgreSQL,Or
acle,Sybase,Informix,andMicrosoftSQLServer.
 PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and
LDAP.PHP4addedsupportforJavaanddistributedobjectarchitectures(COMandCORB
A),makingn-tierdevelopmentapossibilityforthefirsttime.
 PHPisforgiving:PHPlanguagetriestobeasforgivingaspossible.
 PHPSyntaxisC-Like.

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Whichshowsaccessinformation.Seethebottomofthispageforanexampleofthis.

• AccessControl:-
A built-in web-based configuration screen handles access control configuration.
Itis possible to create rules for all or some web pages owned by a certain person
whichplace various restrictions on who can view these pages and how they will be
viewed.Pages can be password protected, completely restricted, logging disabled and
morebasedontheclient'sdomain,browser,e-mailaddressoreventhereferringdocument.

• PostgresSQLSupport:-
Postgressql is an advanced free rdbms. Php supports embedding postgressql
"sqlqueries"directlyin.htmlfiles.

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Java-script:

JavaScriptisaprogramminglanguagethatcanbeincludedonwebpagestomakethemmorein
teractive.Youcanuseittocheckormodifythecontentofforms,changeimages, open new
windows and write dynamic page content. You can even use it withCSS to make DHTML.
This allows you to make parts of your web pages appear ordisappear or move around on
the page. JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic,
untyped,andinterpretedruntimelanguage.IthasbeenstandardizedintheECMAScriptlanguag
e specification. Alongside HTML and CSS , JavaScript is one of the three
coretechnologiesofWorldWideWebcontentproduction;themajorityofwebsitesemployit,and
allmodernwebbrowserssupportitwithouttheneedforplug-ins.

JavaScriptisalsousedinenvironmentsthatarenotWeb-based,suchasPDFdocuments,
site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets. Newer and faster JavaScriptvirtual
machines and platforms built upon them have also increased the popularity
ofJavaScriptforserver-
sidewebapplications.Ontheclientside,developershavetraditionallyimplementedJavaScri
ptasaninterpretedlanguage,butmorerecentbrowsersperformjust-in-
timecompilation.ProgrammingalsousesJavaScriptinvideo-
gamedevelopment,incraftingandmobileapplications,andinserversidenetworkprogramm
ingwithrun-timeenvironmentssuchasNode.js.

Ajax:

ThetermAjaxisusedtodescribeasetoftechnologiesthatallowsbrowserstoprovideusers
with a more natural browsing experience. Before Ajax, web sites forced their
usersintothesubmit/wait/redisplayparadigm,wheretheusersactionswerealwayssynchro
nized with the server’s “think time”. Ajax provides the ability to
communicatewiththeserverasynchronously,therebyfreeingtheuserexperiencefromthere
quest/response cycle. With Ajax, when a user clicks a buttons, you can use
JavaScriptandDHTMLtoimmediatelyupdatetheUI,andspawnanasynchronousrequestret
urns, you can then use JavaScript and CSS to update the UI accordingly
withoutreferencing the entire page. Mostimportantly, users don’teven know your code
iscommunicatingwiththeserver,thewebsitefeelslikeit’sinstantlyresponding.
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The term Ajax has come to represent a broad group of web technologies that can
beusedtoimplementawebapplicationthatcommunicateswithaserverinthebackground,
without interfering with the current state of the page,. In the article thatcoined the term
Ajax, Jesse James Garrett explained that the following technologies areincorporated:

• HTMLandCSSforpresentation

• TheDocumentObjectModelfordynamicdisplayofandinteractionwithdata

• JSONorXMLfortheinterchangeofdata,andXSLTforitsmanipulation
• TheXMLHttpRequestobjetforasynchronouscommunication
• JavaScripttobringthesetechnologiestogether

Since then, however, there have been a number of developments in the

technologiesused in an Ajax application, and in the definition of the term Ajax itself.
XML is nolonger required for data interchange and, therefore, XSLT is no longer
required for themanipulationofdata.

Jquery:
JqueryisacrossbrowserJavaScriptlibrarydesignedtosimplifytheclient-sidescripting of
HTML. It was released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John
mostpopularJavaScriptlibraryinusetoday.

Jqueryisfree,opensourcesoftware,dual-
licensedundertheMITlicenseortheGNUGeneral Public License, version 2. Jquery’s
syntax is designed to make it easier tonavigatea
document,selectDOMelements,createanimations,handleevents,anddevelopAjaxapplicat
ions.ThemodularapproachtotheJquerylibraryallowsthecreationofpowerfuldynamicweb
pagesandwebapplications.

jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScriptlibrary designed to simplify the client-

sidescripting of HTML. It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT
license.Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a
largemargin.

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jQuery’s syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select

DOMelements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax application. jQuery
alsoprovides capabilities for developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction
andanimation, advanced effects and high-level, theme able widgets. The modular
approachtothejQuerylibraryallowsthecreationofpowerfuldynamicwebpagesandwebappli
cations.

ThesetofjQuerycorefeatures–DOMelementselections,traversalandmanipulation-
enabled by its selector engine created a new “programming style”, fusingalgorithms and
DOM data structures. This style influenced the architecture of
otherJavaScriptframeworkslikeYUIv3andDojo,laterstimulatingthecreationofthestandar
dselectorAPI.
Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms. Microsoft includes it
withvisual studio for use within microsoft’s ASP.NET AJAX and ASP.NET MVC
frameworkswhileNokiahasintegrateditintothewebRun-
Timewidgetdevelopmentplatform.

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OverviewofHTML,CSS,Bootstrap:
HTML:

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard mark up language for

creatingweb pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
JavaScript, itformsatriadofcornerstonetechnologiesfortheWorldWideWeb.
HTML can embed programs written in ascripting language such as JavaScript,which
affects the behaviour and content of web pages. Inclusion of CSS defines the lookand
layout of content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both
theHTMLandtheCSSstandards,hasencouragedtheuseofCSSoverexplicitpresentationalH
TMLsince1997.

CSS:

Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) is a W3C standard for defining the presentation of

webdocuments. Presentation refers to the way a document is displayed or delivered to
theuser, whether it’s on a computer monitor, a cell phone display, or read aloud by a
screenreader.Thisbookfocusesprimarilyonthevisualaspectsofpresentation,suchastypogr
aphy, colures, alignment, layout, and so on. CSS is the mechanism for
providingthesetypesofstyleinstructionstoelementsinadocumentthathasbeenmarkedup

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withXHTML,HTML,oranyXMLlanguage.Mostimportant,CSSkeepsthesepresentation
instructions separate from the content and its structural and semanticmarkup.
Separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same mark
uppage in different styles for different rendering methods, such as onscreen, in print,
byvoice(viaspeech-basedbrowserorscreenreader)andonBraille-basedtactiledevices.It
can also display the web page differently depending on the screen size or
viewingdevices. Reader can also specify different style sheets, such as a CSS file stored
on theirowncomputer,tooverridetheonetheauthorspecified.

Thebenefitofcss:
• Gratertypographyandpagelayoutcontrols:
Withstylesheets,youcanspecifytraditionaltypographyfeaturesthatyoucouldneverdow
ithHTMLalone.

• LessWork:
Not only can you format all similar elements in a document with a single style
rule,external style sheets make it possible to edit theappearance of an entire site at
oncewithasinglestylesheetedit.

• PotentiallysmallerDocument:
Redundantfonttagsandnestedtablesmakeforbloateddocuments.Strippingpresentation
alHTMLoutofthedocumentsavesonfilesize.

Bootstrap:

Bootstrap is a free and open-source front-end web framework for designing

websitesandwebapplication.ItcontainsHTMLandCSSbaseddesigntemplatesfortypograp
hy,forms,buttons,navigationandotherinterfacecomponents,aswellasoptional

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JavaScriptextensions.Unlikemanywebframeworks,itconcernsitselfwithfront-
enddevelopmentonly.

Bootstrap is modular and consists of a series of less style sheets that implement
thevarious components of the toolkit. These stylesheets are generally complied into
abundleandincludedinwebpages,butindividualcomponentscanbeincludedorremoved.
Bootstrap provides a number of configuration variables that control
thingssuchascolourandpaddingofvariouscomponents.

SinceBootstrap2,theBootstrapdocumentationhasincludedacustomizationwizardwhic
hgeneratesacustomizedversionofBootstrapbasedontherequestedcomponentsandvarious
settings.

As of Bootstrap 4. Sass is used instead of Less for the style sheets. Each
BootstrapcomponentconsistsofanHTMLstructure,CSSdeclarations,andinsomecasesacco
mpanyingJavaScriptcode.Grid systemand responsive designcomesstandardwith an 1170
pixel wide grid layout. Alternatively, the developer can use a variable-width layout. For
both cases, the toolkit has four variations to make use of differentresolutions and types
of devices mobile phones, portrait and landscape, tablets and
PCswithlowandhighresolutions.Eachvariationadjuststhewidthofthecolumns.

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MYSQL:

MySQLisopensourcedatabasemanagementsoftwarethathelpsusersstore,organize, and
retrieve data. It is a very powerful program with a lot of flexibility-
thistutorialwillprovidethesimplestintroductiontoMySQL.
MySQL is an important component of an open source enterprise stack called
LAMP.LAMPis a web development platform that uses Linux as the
operatingsystem, Apache
asthewebserver,MySQLastherelationaldatabasemanagementsystem
andPHPas the object-oriented scripting language.
(SometimesPerlorPythonisusedinsteadofPHP.)
• MySQLisadatabasesystemusedontheweb.
• MySQLisadatabasesystemthatrunsonaserver.
• MySQLisidealforbothsmallandlargeapplications.
• MySQLisveryfast,reliable,andeasytouse.
• MySQLusesstandardSQL.
• MySQLcompilesonanumberofplatforms.

• MySQLisfreetodownloadanduse.
The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables. A table is a collection of
relateddata,anditconsistsofcolumnsandrows.

12
3. SYSTEMANAYLYSISANDPLANNING

3.1 EXISTINGSYSTEMANDITSDRAWBACKS
3.2 FEASIBILITYSTUDY
3.3 REQUIREMENTGATHERINGANDANALYSIS
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3.1EXISTINGSYSTEMANDITSDRAWBACKS

SYSTEMCOMPONENTS:

Followingarethefeaturesofthesystemcomponents:

• Admin
• Student
• Faculty

Admin Manage Students and Faculty:

Add, edit, and remove student and faculty profiles.
View personal information and academic records.

Manage Courses and Programs:

Create, update, and delete courses and academic programs.

Manage Enrollment and Registrations:

Handle student enrollment in courses and programs.
Process faculty course assignments.

Manage Academic Records and Grades:

Maintain student academic records, grades, and transcripts.
Generate reports and transcripts.

Manage Library Resources:

Administer the library system, including book acquisitions, cataloging, and circulation.

Manage Financial Transactions:

Handle fee payments, scholarships, and financial aid disbursements.

Generate Reports and Analytics:

Generate various reports and analytics for academic performance, enrollment trends, etc.

Issued Book:
Track books issued to students and faculty.
Manage due dates, renewals, and returns.

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Fine Management:
Handle fines for overdue books or other penalties.
Manage fine payments and records.

Messaging System:
Facilitate communication between admin, faculty, and students.
Send announcements, reminders, and notifications.

Notice Board:
Display important announcements, event updates, and notices.
Keep the campus community informed about relevant information.

Course Selling:
Manage the sale of course materials such as textbooks, study guides, etc.
Handle inventory management and sales transactions.

Student ID Card Management:

Issue and manage student ID cards.
Track card issuance, replacements, and deactivations.

Personal Profile Management:

Allow students and faculty to update their personal information, contact details, etc.

Faculty Management:
Handle faculty recruitment, appointments, and performance evaluations.
Manage teaching assignments and course loads

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Student:

View and Manage Profile:

View personal information and update profile details.

Register for Courses:

Browse available courses and register for desired ones.

View Course Schedule and Timetable:

Access personal class schedules and timetables.

Access Academic Resources:

Access course materials, assignments, and additional resources.

Reserve Library Resources:

Search and reserve library books and resources.
Apply for Scholarships and Financial Aid:
Apply for scholarships, grants, and financial assistance.

Book Purchase:
Browse available books for purchase.
Add selected books to the cart for purchase.
Complete the checkout process for book purchases.

Book Issue:
Issue books from the library using the student ID.
Keep track of borrowed books and their due dates.

Book Request:
Request specific titles or materials not currently available in the library.
Receive notifications when requested items become available.

Fine Payment:
Pay fines for overdue books or other library penalties.
View fine details and payment history.

Apply for Certificate Courses:

Apply for certificate courses offered by the institution.
View available certificate programs and their requirements.
Submit applications and track their status.

Digital Identity Card (ID Card):

Access and manage digital identity cards for various campus services.
Use the digital ID card for access to facilities, events, and other campus privileges.

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View Notices:
Access announcements, notifications, event updates, and important notices from the
institution.
Stay informed about deadlines, campus events, and academic announcements.

Messaging:
Communicate with faculty, administrators, and fellow students through the messaging system.
Send and receive messages regarding academic inquiries, course-related discussions, and
administrative matters.

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Faculty:

View and Manage Profile:

View personal information and update profile details.

Conduct Lectures and Seminars:

Deliver lectures, seminars, and lab sessions.

Provide Academic Support:

Offer guidance and support to students regarding academic matters.

Participate in Faculty Meetings:

Attend faculty meetings and collaborate with colleagues.

Research and Publication:

Engage in research activities and publish scholarly articles.

Attendance Tracking:
Record faculty attendance for each class session or academic activity.
Capture attendance data digitally or through manual entry, depending on the preferred method.

Submission of Daily Study Reports:

Faculty members submit daily study reports summarizing classroom activities, topics covered, and
student participation.
Reports may include details on lesson plans, assignments given, and any notable incidents or
observations.

Integration with Student Information System:

Ensure seamless integration with the student information system to cross-reference attendance records
with student profiles.
Facilitate efficient communication between faculty and administrative staff regarding attendance-
related matters.

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EXISITINGSYSTEMANDITSDRAWBACKS:

A library management system (LMS) serves as the central hub for managing library operations
and services. However, like any system, there are drawbacks to be mindful of:

 Connectivity Reliability:
 In an increasingly digital world, a reliable internet connection is necessary for
accessing and managing web-based LMS platforms. Disruptions in connectivity
can hinder users' ability to perform essential tasks such as catalog searches, book
checkouts, and online resource access.

 Costly Software Upgrades:

 Upgrading library management software can incur significant costs, especially for
proprietary systems or those requiring specialized customization to meet
evolving library needs. These expenses can strain library budgets and resources.

 Costly Web-Based LMS Fees:

 Subscription fees or licensing costs associated with web-based LMS platforms
can be expensive, particularly for libraries with limited financial resources. These
ongoing expenses may pose challenges for libraries operating on tight budgets.

 Less Convenience with Software-Based Systems:

 Traditional, software-based LMS solutions often lack the convenience and
accessibility offered by their web-based counterparts. Users may encounter
limitations in terms of remote access, real-time updates, and compatibility with
mobile devices.

 Problems Caused by Hardware:

 Hardware failures or compatibility issues can disrupt library operations and
compromise the functionality of the LMS. Aging infrastructure or inadequate
technical support may exacerbate these problems, leading to downtime and user
frustration.

 Security Risks:
 Libraries must prioritize data security to protect sensitive patron information
and library resources. Vulnerabilities in LMS software or inadequate
cybersecurity measures can expose libraries to risks such as data breaches,
unauthorized access, and malware attacks. Ensuring robust security protocols is
essential for safeguarding library assets and maintaining user trust

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3.2FEASIBILITYSTUDY

Feasibility study is the initial design stage of any project, which brings together
theelementsofknowledgethatindicateifaprojectispossibleornot.

It is an analysis used in measuring the ability and likelihood to complete a

projectsuccessfullyincludingallrelevantfactors.

A feasibility study helps identify logistical problems, and nearly all business-
relatedproblems and their solutions. Feasibility studies can also lead to the
development
ofmarketingstrategiesthatconvinceinvestorsorabankthatinvestinginthebusinessisawisec
hoice.

Technical Feasibility:
The analysis mentions the need for database interaction and web accessibility, which are
essential for an LMS. However, it lacks details on specific technical requirements, scalability,
security measures, and integration with existing systems. A more comprehensive examination
of technical aspects would enhance the feasibility assessment.

Economic Feasibility:
The assessment acknowledges that the project does not require significant hardware
investments and highlights the cost-effectiveness of web-enabled solutions. However, it could
benefit from a more thorough cost-benefit analysis, including potential savings, revenue
generation opportunities, and long-term sustainability.

Operational Feasibility:
The discussion on operational feasibility focuses on resource utilization and compatibility with
existing systems, which are crucial considerations. However, it lacks depth in evaluating
potential challenges, stakeholder buy-in, user acceptance, and change management strategies.
A more comprehensive analysis of operational aspects would provide a clearer picture of
feasibility.

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Management Feasibility:
The section on management feasibility appears to be unclear and may need refinement for
better understanding. It mentions decision-making processesrelated to management aspects
but lacks clarity on how management decisions impact project feasibility. Providing specific
examples or scenarios would improve the assessment's effectiveness.

Time Feasibility:
The assessment acknowledges the four-month timeframe for project development, indicating
that it is feasible within this period. However, it would be beneficial to include a detailed
project timeline, milestones, and potential risks that could affect the project schedule.
Additionally, considering factors such as resource availability and project dependencies would
enhance

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3.3REQUIREMENTGATHERINGANDANALYSIS

RequirementGathering:

The requirement gathering process is mainly focused on pos softwareto

understandthenatureoftheprogramtobuild.

The software engineering or analyst must understand the information domain for
thesoftwareaswellasrequiredfunction,behaviourandperformanceaswellasinterfacefor
the software requirement for both the system and the software are documented
andreviewwiththecustomer.

UnderstandingTheProcessofSecuritySystemWhatTy
pesofFormsShouldbeIncluded?
• HowtoManageAllForms?
• HowtoManageLoginandLogoutProcess?
• HowtoKnowHowManyMembersareCreated?
HowtoManageAllFormslinkwithEachOther?
• HowtoManageInter-communicationwithInternet?
• HowManyAnswersandProgramsareSubmittedOnline?
• HowToManageTheBunchOfDataOfAParticularMemberSoThatItCanHaveTheSecurit
yPurposeAndKeepTheDataPrivate?
• HowtoManageAlltheMembersOnlineandToCareofOffline?
• HowToPerformAllMembersSecurityLevelAndPerformAnAuthenticationAndGivePer
sonAccountToEachMemberForSecurityPurpose?

RequirementAnalysis:-
We analysed our gathered information and we have decided our system should
havefollowingfunctionalities.

Differenttypeofmodule:-
1. Adminmanagement
2. Student management
3. Faculty management

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Admin:
 Manage Students and Faculty
 Manage Courses and Programs
 Manage Enrollment and Registrations
 Manage Academic Records and Grades
 Manage Library Resources
 Manage Financial Transactions
 Generate Reports and Analytics
 Issued Book
 Fine Management
 Messaging System
 Notice Board
 Course Selling
 Student ID Card Management
 Personal Profile Management
 Faculty Management

Student:
 View and Manage Profile
 Register for Courses
 View Course Schedule and Timetable
 Access Academic Resources
 Reserve Library Resources
 Apply for Scholarships and Financial Aid
 Book Purchase
 Book Issue
 Book Request
 Fine Payment
 Apply for Certificate Courses
 Digital Identity Card (ID Card)
 View Notices
 Messaging

Faculty:
 View and Manage Profile
 Conduct Lectures and Seminars
 Provide Academic Support
 Participate in Faculty Meetings
 Research and Publication
 Attendance Tracking
 Submission of Daily Study Reports
 Integration with Student Information System

23
4. PROPOSEDSYSTEM
4.1 SCOPE
4.2 PROJECTMODULES
4.3 MODULEVISEOBJECTIVES/
FUNCTIONLITIESCONSTRAINTS
4.4 EXPECTEDADVANTAGE
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4.1Scope

Common Features of Library Management System (LMS):

• Cloud-based data storage and reporting services for efficient management of library
resources.
• User-friendly interface accessible via desktop or mobile devices, providing freedom of
movement.
• App-based library management software for seamless task management and
organization.
• Appointment scheduling for library staff and user interactions, such as book reservations
or assistance.
• Real-time inventory management and control monitoring to track book availability and
circulation.

Main Aim of the Library Management System (LMS):

The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive library management system that
maximizes efficiency and accessibility while minimizing costs and drawbacks associated
with traditional library systems. Our LMS aims to streamline library operations and
enhance user experience by incorporating advanced features and eliminating limitations
commonly found in traditional library systems.

Our website can able to manage the following perspective for LMS:

In addition to the common features of Library Management Systems (LMS) mentioned

above, our website offers specific functionalities tailored to meet the needs of libraries and
their patrons.
These include:
User Registration and Profile Management:
Allow users to register for library membership and manage their profiles, including
personal information, borrowing history, and preferences.

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Catalog Browsing and Search:

Provide users with the ability to browse the library catalog, search for specific books or
resources, and view detailed information about each item.

Online Book Reservation and Renewal:

Enable users to reserve books online, check the availability of items, and renew borrowed
materials remotely.

Digital Resource Access:

Offer access to digital resources, such as e-books, e-journals, and online databases,
providing users with a comprehensive library experience beyond physical materials.

Interlibrary Loan Management:

Facilitate interlibrary loan requests, allowing users to borrow materials from other
libraries within a network or consortium.

Event and Program Registration:

Allow users to register for library events, workshops, and programs, and provide
information about upcoming activities and initiatives.

Fine Payment and Account Management:

Enable users to view and pay fines for overdue materials, manage their borrowing
accounts, and receive notifications about due dates and outstanding balances.

Feedback and Communication:

Provide channels for users to submit feedback, suggestions, and inquiries to library staff,
fostering open communication and continuous improvement.

Administrative Tools:
Equip library administrators with tools for managing user accounts, generating reports,
analyzing usage data, and optimizing library operations.

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Objectives of the Library Management System (LMS):

Implementing an LMS in a library setting can offer various benefits, including:

• Instant access to library resources and information.
• Faster checkout and return processes for library materials.
• Efficient management of library staff and user interactions.
• Filtering and generating reports for better analysis and decision-making.
• Saving time for both library staff and users.
• Quick response to user inquiries and requests.
• Tracking of library materials and user activities.
• Accessing library services and resources from anywhere.
• Streamlining order logging and management processes.
• Improving communication and coordination between library departments.
• Enhancing inventory management and stock control.
• Providing detailed statistical output for performance evaluation and planning.

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4.2ProjectModules

Admin Module:

The admin module oversees the authentication process, where users enter their credentials to
access the system. After successful authentication, the system activates the menu and
maintains an activity log for security purposes.

Faculty Module:

This module is managed by faculty members who have registered in the LMS.Faculty members
oversee user registrations and have the authority to activate ordeactivate them. They must
register with an LMS authorized by the admin andreceive data only passed by the admin.

Student Module:

Students, registered in the LMS, operate this module. They are individualsseeking academic
resources and support. Students can access course materials,assignments, and other resources
provided by faculty members and theinstitution. They can also view their academic records an
grades.

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4.3FunctionalityConstraint

Constraints that must be considered during the development of the Library Management
System (LMS) are crucial for the successful implementation of the project. These constraints
encompass both general constraints common to all software systems and those specific to the
LMS being developed.

General Constraints:

 Lack of managerial participants involved in the development process.

 Tight development schedule, necessitating efficient time management.
 Frequent changes in requirements from the management, requiring adaptability and
flexibility in the development approach.

System-Specific Constraints:

 User errors leading to improper answers or data input.

 Project development is part of the academic curriculum and must be completed within a
specified timeframe.
 Requirement for a stable internet connection and other necessary permissions for
system functionality.

These constraints provide important guidelines and considerations for the development team
to ensure that the LMS is implemented successfully and meets the desired objectives within the
specified constraints.

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4.4ExpectedAdvantage

1. Enhanced Efficiency:
Implementing an LMS streamlines library operations, allowing librarians to manage
resources more efficiently. Just as a carpenter needs the right tools to build a house,
librarians require appropriate software tools like barcode scanners and an intuitive
interface to enhance checkout processes and overall efficiency.

2. User-Friendly Interface:
LMS software offers an intuitive interface that is easy for library staff to learn and
navigate. With touchscreen capabilities becoming commonplace, using an LMS is
second nature to most users. This ease of use reduces training time and enhances
productivity among library staff.

3. Diverse Payment Capabilities:

Similar to modern POS systems, LMS platforms enable libraries to accept various
payment types, including EMV chip cards, contactless payments, and mobile wallets. By
offering diverse payment options, libraries can increase revenue and improve customer
satisfaction, catering to patrons' preferences for digital payments over traditional cash
transactions.

4. Improved Accuracy:
An LMS provides real-time data and eliminates manual entry of information, reducing
the risk of errors associated with traditional methods like manual inventory tracking.
With advanced inventory management features, librarians can track items' quantities,
set reorder triggers, and maintain accurate inventory records.

5. Comprehensive Inventory Management:

Unlike manual inventory systems, LMS platforms offer advanced inventory
management capabilities, including real-time tracking of item quantities, setting
reorder thresholds, and generating reports. This automation saves librarians time and
effort by streamlining inventory management tasks.

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6. Efficient Employee Management:

LMS software includes features for employee management, such as time clock
functionality and access control measures. Librarians can track employee attendance,
enforce schedules, and monitor access to sensitive functions like returns and voids,
reducing the risk of shrinkage from employee theft.

7. Robust Reporting:
LMS platforms provide reporting features that offer insights into library performance,
including sales, expenses, and key performance indicators (KPIs). Librarians can access
real-time reports and monitor KPIs such as average book checkout, stock turnover, and
circulation rates. This data-driven approach enables informed decision-making and
helps libraries maintain profitability and competitiveness

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5. DETAILPLANNING

5.1 DATAFLOWDIAGRAM/UMLDIAGRAM
5.2PROCESSSPECIFICATION/
ACTIVITYFLOWDIAGRAM
5.3 DATADICTIONARY
5.4 ENTITYRELATIONSHIPDIAGRAM/
CLASSDIAGRAM
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5.1DataFlowDiagram

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) help us identifying existing business processes. It is

atechniquewebenefitfromparticularlybeforewegothroughbusinessprocessre-
engineering.

TheDataFlowDiagram(DFD)depictsthelogicmodelsandexpressesdatatransformatio
ninasystem.Itincludesamechanismtomodelthedataflowandsupports
decompositiontoillustrate details ofthe data flows and functions. ADataFlow Diagram
cannot present information on operation sequence. Therefore, it is not
aprocessorproceduremodellingmethod.

Characteristics

 supportingtheanalysisandrequirementstageofsystemdesign.
 adiagrammingtechniquewithannotation.
 describinganetworkofactivities/processesofthetargetsystem.
 allowingforbehavioursofparallelandasynchronous.
 stepwiserefinementthroughhierarchicaldecompositionofprocesses.

Thedataflowdiagramsareaninitiativewayofshowinghowdataisprocessedbyasystem.Thesy
mbolsusedintheDFDforthisprojectareshownbelow.

 SymbolusedintheDFD

Systemcomponents Symbol

Process

Entity

Dataflow

Datastore

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 Dataflow
Followingsymbolisusedtoshowdataflow.

 Process
People,proceduresordevicesthatuseorproducedata.

 Datastorage
Heredataarestoredorreferenceprocessinthesystem.

In the DFD we define the flow of data and how the system data flow managed
bygrouping the data with entity relationship. In this way, we find out the need of
thesystemandmanageditinparticularwaybywhichwecaneasilyaccesswiththesystem.

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 ContextLevelDataFlowDiagram:

[0levelDataFlowDiagram]

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• 1stLevelDFDAdmin

[1stlevelDataFlowDiagram]

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• 1stLevelDFDFaculty

[1stlevelDataFlowDiagram]

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• 1stLevelDFDStudent

[1stlevelDataFlowDiagram]

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2ndlevelloginDataFlowDiagram

[2ndlevelloginDataFlowDiagram]

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• 2ndleveladmin 1

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2ndleveladmin 2

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2ndlevelstudent

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2ndlevelfaculty

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5.2ProcessSpecification

ProcessspecificationofAdmin:

Logindetail LOGIN Logindetail

Takedetailsfromlogintableand display the successmessage oflogin

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Managebookdetail MANAGE getbookdetail

BOOK

Takedetailsfrombook table and admin can onlyshowthebooks.

Manage student MANAGESTUDENT

getstudentdetails

Take details from studenttable and admin can seethestudents.

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Issuedbooks MANAGE ISSUED BOOKS Issued books

Takedetailsfromissued bookstable and admin can only show theissued bookstable.

Finedetail FINE Finedetail

TakedetailsfromFinetableand admin can only see thefinetable.

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Send message MANAGE MESSAGE Send message

Takedetailsfrommessagetable and admin can only send themessage.

Coursedetail MANAGE Coursedetail

COURSE

TakedetailsfromCoursetableand admin can only see manage thistable.

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Faculty details MANAGE FACULTY faculty details

Takedetailsfrom faculty table and admin can only see thefaculty table.

Books selling MANAGE BOOKS

SELLING
Book selling

Takedetailsfromorders table and admin can only see thesold books.

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ProcessspecificationofFaculty:

Logindetail LOGIN Logindetail

Takedetailsfromlogintableanddisplay the success message oflogin

Changepassworddetail Change changepassworddetail

password

Takethedatafromstudent table
and change passowrd.

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Attendance MANAGE ATTENDANCE Attendance

Takedetailsfrom attendance table and faculty can only fill the attdance.

View student VIEW

STUDENTS
View students

Takedetailsfrom coursebooking table and faculty can only see their students.

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ProcessspecificationofStudent :

Logindetail LOGIN Logindetail

Takedetailsfromlogintableanddisplay the success message oflogin

profiledetail MANAGE Profiledetail

PROFILE

Takedetailsfromregistrationtableand student can only see their details.

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Books detail
VIEWB getbooksdetail
OOKS

Takedetailsfrombooks tableand
student can only see
thebooktable.

Book purchase BUY Purchase book

BOOK

Takedetailsfrombook tableand
buy the book.

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Editprofiledetail Editprofile Editprofiledetail

Takedetailsfromstudent tableand display the edit profilesuccess

Coursedetail VIEW Coursedetail

COURSE

TakedetailsfromCoursetableand student can only see thistable.

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Changepassworddetail
Changep Changepassworddetail
assword

Takedetailsfromregistrationt
able and check old
passwordandresetthepasswo
rd.

VIEW
Issued bookdetail ISSUED Issued bookdetail
BOOKS

BOOb

Takedetailsfromissued book tableand student can only see thistable.

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Finedetail VIEW Finedetail

FINE

Takedetailsfromfine table
and student can pay fine.

Attendancedetail VIEW Attendancedetail

FINE

Takedetailsfromattendance
Table and student can see attendance.

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5.3DataDictionary

1. ADMIN

NAME Admin
Table admin
Whereused/howused Admin can loginsuccessfully.
Fetchingtheirdetailintheadmintable.
Aliasname
ContentDescription id
name
username
password
email
phone
address
photo
status
Supplementaryinformation Inadmintableidismustbeuniqueandpri
marykeyhaveautoincrement.

2. Allmessages

NAME allmessages
Table allmessages
Whereused/howused Faculty can send message .
Fetchingtheirdetailinthistable.
Aliasname
ContentDescription id
sender_name
subject
message
attachment
sent_at
key
Supplementaryinformation Inallmessages
tableidismustbeuniqueandprimarykeyh
aveautoincrement.

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3. attendance

NAME attendance
Table attendance
Whereused/howused Faculty can fatch and insert attendance in
this table.
Aliasname
ContentDescription id
coursename
student_id
date
status
report
Supplementaryinformation In attendance table id is must
beunique and primary key have
autoincrement.

4. books

NAME books
Table books
Whereused/howused Admin and students fatch details and
only admin can insert record in this table.
Aliasname
ContentDescription bookid
name
categories
img
price
authorname
date
Supplementaryinformation Inbookstablebookidismustbeuniqueand
primarykeyhaveautoincrement.

5. book_requests

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NAME book_requests
Table book_requests
Whereused/howused Admin can fatch records of this table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription id
student_name
lid
book_name
book_url
author_name
key
date_created
email
Supplementaryinformation Inbook_requeststableidismustbeuniq
ueandprimarykeyhaveautoincrement.

6. clgstudent

NAME clgstudent
Table clgstudent
Whereused/howused Only selected students can login to their
account.
Aliasname
ContentDescription cid
name
gender
address
email
phone
sem
dept
Supplementaryinformation Inclgstudenttablecidismustbeuniquea
ndprimarykeyhaveautoincrement.

7. courcebooking

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NAME courcebooking
Table courcebooking
Whereused/howused Admin and students view this table and
only admin can update this table.
Aliasname
ContentDescription cource_id
sname
semail
semlid
courcename
apply_date
fee
duration
Supplementaryinformation In courcebookingtable cource_id
is must beunique and primary key
have autoincrement.

8. Course

NAME course
Table course
Whereused/howused Admin and students can fetch data from
this table and only admin can modify
this table.
Aliasname
ContentDescription courcid
courcename
img
description
duration
fee
date
faculty
Supplementaryinformation In course table courcid is mustbe
unique and primary key have
autoincrement.

9. faculty

NAME faculty
Table faculty
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Whereused/howused Faculty fetch data from this table and

login to their account.
Aliasname
ContentDescription fid
name
coursename
password
email
mobile
joiningdate
salary
experience
img
Supplementaryinformation Infaculty
tablefidismustbeuniqueandprimaryke
yhaveautoincrement.

10. finerecod

NAME finerecod
Table finerecod
Whereused/howused Admincanfetch details from this table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription id
bookid
student_name
library_id
email
phone
issued_date
return_date
fine_date
amount
paydate
Supplementaryinformation Infinerecod
tableidismustbeuniqueandprimary
keyhaveautoincrement.

11. Issuedbook

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NAME issuedbook
Table issuedbook
Whereused/howused AdmincanFetchingdetailinthis table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription issueid
bookid
bookname
idate
rdate
studname
email
phone
lid
Supplementaryinformation Inissuedbook
tableissueidismustbeuniqueandprimar
ykeyhaveautoincrement.

12 . issurecord

NAME issurecord
Table issurecord
Whereused/howused AdmincanFetching detailinthis table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription issueid
bookid
bookname
idate
rdate
studname
email
phone
lid
Supplementaryinformation Inissurecord
tableissueidismustbeuniqueandprimar
ykeyhaveautoincrement.

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13. messages

NAME messages
Table messages
Whereused/howused AdmincanFetching detailinthis table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription id
sender_name
receiver_id
message
sent_at
KEY
Supplementaryinformation Inmessages
tableidismustbeuniqueandprimarykeyh
aveautoincrement.

14. orders

NAME orders
Table orders
Whereused/howused AdmincanFetching detailinthis table.

Aliasname
ContentDescription order_id
product_id
payment_id
date
studentname
lid
address
contact
email
bookname
author
price
Supplementaryinformation Inorderstableorder_idismustbeuniquea
ndprimarykeyhaveautoincrement.

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15. pfine

NAME pfine
Table pfine
Whereused/howused Admin and studentscanFetching
detailinthis table.
Aliasname
ContentDescription id
bookid
student_name
library_id
email
phone
issued_date
return_date
fine_date
amount
Supplementaryinformation Inpfinetableidismustbeuniqueandprim
arykeyhaveautoincrement.

16. reg_student

NAME reg_student
Table reg_student
Whereused/howused studentscanFetching detailinthis table
and login to their accounts.
Aliasname
ContentDescription cid
name
gender
address
email
phone
sem
dept
lid
password

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photo
rdate
Supplementaryinformation Inreg_studenttablecidismustbeuniquea
ndprimarykeyhaveautoincrement.

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5.4ERDiagram

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6. SYSTEMDESIGN
6.1 DATABASEDESIGN
6.2 DIRECTORYSTRUCTURE
6.3 INPUTDESIGN
6.4 OUTPUTDESIGN
 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

6.1DatabaseDesign
ADMIN

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(2) No Unique identifier for the admin.

name varchar(50) No Name of the admin.

username varchar(20) No Username for login purposes.

password varchar(20) No Password for login purposes.

email varchar(50) No Email address of the admin.

phone varchar(20) No Phone number of the admin.

address varchar(100) No Address of the admin.

photo varchar(500) No Path to the admin's photo.

status varchar(7) No Status of the admin (active/inactive).

Attendance

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(11) No Unique identifier for attendance.

coursename varchar(50) Yes, NULL Name of the course.

student_id int(11) Yes, NULL ID of the student.

date date Yes, NULL Date of the attendance record.

status varchar(10) Yes, NULL Status of the attendance.

report text Yes, NULL Additional report or notes.

Books

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Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

bookid int(11) No Unique identifier for the book.

name varchar(255) No Name of the book.

categories varchar(255) No Categories or genre of the book.

img varchar(255) No Path to the book's image.

price decimal(10,2) No Price of the book.

authorname varchar(255) No Name of the book's author.

date date No Publication date of the book.

Book_requests

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(11) No Unique identifier for the book request.
student_name varchar(255) No Name of the student making the request.
lid int(11) No Library ID associated with the request.
book_name varchar(255) No Name of the requested book.
book_url varchar(255) No URL of the requested book.
author_name varchar(255) No Name of the author of the requested book.
key varchar(1) No Key for the request (e.g., 'n' for new).
date_created timestamp No Date and time when the request was created.
email varchar(255) Yes Email address of the student making the request.

clgstudent

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

cid int(10) No Unique identifier for the college student.

name varchar(50) No Name of the college student.

gender varchar(50) No Gender of the college student.

address varchar(50) No Address of the college student.

email varchar(50) No Email address of the college student.

phone varchar(50) No Phone number of the college student.

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Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

sem varchar(10) No Semester of the college student.

dept varchar(10) No Department of the college student.

courcebooking

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

cource_id int(11) No Unique identifier for the course booking.

sname varchar(255) No Name of the student booking the course.

semail varchar(255) No Email address of the student booking the course.

semlid int(11) No Semester ID associated with the booking.

courcename varchar(255) No Name of the course being booked.

apply_date date No Date when the booking was made.

fee decimal(10,2) No Fee for the course booking.

duration varchar(100) No Duration of the course being booked.

course

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

courcid int(11) No Unique identifier for the course.

courcename varchar(255) No Name of the course.

img varchar(255) Yes URL/path to the image of the course.

description text Yes Description of the course.

duration varchar(50) Yes Duration of the course.

fee decimal(10,2) Yes Fee for the course.
date date Yes Date of creation of the course.

faculty varchar(100) Yes Name of the faculty teaching the course.

faculty

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Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

fid int(11) No Unique identifier for the faculty.

name varchar(255) No Name of the faculty.

coursename varchar(255) No Name of the course taught by the faculty.

password varchar(255) No Password for login purposes.

email varchar(255) No Email address of the faculty.

mobile varchar(15) No Mobile number of the faculty.

joiningdate date No Date of joining of the faculty.

salary decimal(10,2) No Salary of the faculty.

experience int(11) No Experience of the faculty (in years).

img varchar(255) Yes URL/path to the image of the faculty.

finerecod

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(11) No Unique identifier for the fine record.
bookid int(11) No Identifier for the fined book.
student_name varchar(255) No Name of the student fined.
library_id varchar(255) No Library ID associated with the fine.
email varchar(255) No Email address of the fined student.
phone varchar(255) No Phone number of the fined student.
issued_date date No Date when the book was issued.
return_date date No Date when the book was returned.
fine_date date No Date of fine imposition.
amount decimal(10,2) No Amount of fine imposed.
paydate date Yes Date when the fine was paid.

issuedbook

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Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

issueid int(11) No Unique identifier for the issued book.

bookid int(11) Yes Identifier for the issued book.

bookname varchar(255) Yes Name of the issued book.

idate date Yes Date when the book was issued.

rdate date Yes Date when the book was returned.

studname varchar(255) Yes Name of the student who borrowed the book.

email varchar(255) Yes Email address of the student who borrowed the book.

phone varchar(255) Yes Phone number of the student who borrowed the book.

lid varchar(255) Yes Library ID associated with the book.

issurecord

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

issueid int(11) No Unique identifier for the issue record.

bookid int(11) Yes Identifier for the issued book.

bookname varchar(255) Yes Name of the issued book.

idate date Yes Date when the book was issued.

rdate date Yes Date when the book was returned.

studname varchar(255) Yes Name of the student who borrowed the book.

email varchar(255) Yes Email address of the student who borrowed the book.

phone varchar(255) Yes Phone number of the student who borrowed the book.

lid int(11) Yes Library ID associated with the book.

messages

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Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(11) No Unique identifier for the message.

sender_name varchar(50) No Name of the sender of the message.

receiver_id int(11) No Unique identifier of the message receiver.

message text No Content of the message.

sent_at timestamp No Date and time when the message was sent.

KEY varchar(2) Yes Key for the message.

orders

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

order_id int(11) No Unique identifier for the order.
product_id int(11) Yes Identifier for the ordered product.
payment_id int(11) Yes Identifier for the payment.
date date Yes Date when the order was placed.
studentname varchar(255) Yes Name of the student who placed the order.
lid varchar(255) Yes Library ID associated with the order.
address varchar(255) Yes Address for delivering the order.
contact varchar(20) Yes Contact number of the student who placed the order.
email varchar(255) Yes Email address of the student who placed the order.
bookname varchar(255) Yes Name of the ordered book.
author varchar(255) Yes Author of the ordered book.
price decimal(10,2) Yes Price of the ordered book.

pfine

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

id int(11) No Unique identifier for the fine.

bookid int(11) No Identifier for the fined book.

student_name varchar(255) No Name of the student fined.

library_id varchar(255) No Library ID associated with the fine.

email varchar(255) No Email address of the fined student.

phone varchar(255) No Phone number of the fined student.

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 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

issued_date date No Date when the book was issued.

return_date date No Date when the book was returned.

fine_date date No Date of fine imposition.

amount decimal(10,2) No Amount of fine imposed.

reg_students

Field Name Data Type Constraints Description

cid int(10) No Unique identifier for the registered student.

name varchar(50) No Name of the registered student.

gender varchar(50) No Gender of the registered student.

address varchar(50) No Address of the registered student.

email varchar(50) No Email address of the registered student.

phone varchar(50) No Phone number of the registered student.

sem varchar(10) No Semester of the registered student.

dept varchar(10) No Department of the registered student.

lid int(10) No Library ID associated with the student.

password varchar(100) No Password for login purposes.

photo varchar(100) No Path to the photo of the student.

rdate date No Date of registration of the student.

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6.2DirectoryStructure

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6.2Index

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7. SoftwareTesting
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7.SoftwareTesting

Testing is an indispensable aspect of ensuring the success of any system, particularly in the
realm of software development. Once the source code has been completed, rigorous testing is
imperative to eliminate errors and ensure the system produces the desired output. Testing
serves as the cornerstone of Quality Assurance (QA) for software products, guaranteeing
correctness, completeness, and maintainability of both the software and its associated
documents. An effective test is not redundant; it should serve a distinct purpose, considering
that testing time and resources are finite.

In the context of testing a Learning Management System (LMS), several strategies are
employed:

1. Code Testing:

Code testing involves scrutinizing the logic of the software throughout its entirety to verify the
correctness of the programmer's logic. This process entails the creation of a series of test cases
aimed at identifying errors within the code. However, it's important to note that code testing
alone does not determine the success or failure of the system. It merely identifies logical errors
within the codebase.

2. Specification Testing:

Specification testing involves examining the specification documents provided by analysts to

ensure that the system operates according to the stipulated conditions, operations, and
methods outlined within the documentation. This form of testing ensures adherence to the
specified requirements and operating procedures.

3. Unit Testing:

Unit testing focuses on testing individual modules independently to ascertain whether they
operate according to specified logic and conditions, thereby ensuring the modules are error-
free. Test cases are created specifically for each module, and integration testing follows to
ensure seamless interaction between modules.

4. System Testing:

System testing is a comprehensive evaluation aimed at uncovering weaknesses and strengths of

the system that may have eluded earlier testing phases. It encompasses testing the entire
system to detect and rectify errors, including simulated system failures and validation of user
interaction within the operational environment. System testing progresses from testing with
minimal transaction volumes to full-scale testing with live data, assessing the system's
recovery.

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8.Limitationandfuturescopeofenhancement

Limitations:

 Internet Dependency:
If the Learning Management System (LMS) relies on internet connectivity, users may
experience accessibility issues during internet outages, potentially disrupting learning
activities.

 Ongoing Costs:
Software-based LMS solutions often incur continuous expenses, including fees for
software upgrades, which can strain the organization's budget.

 Subscription Fees:
Subscribing to an LMS may necessitate recurring payments, though it's essential to
evaluate these costs against the overall benefits the system brings to the business.

 Security Concerns:
Similar to other publicly accessible systems, LMSs may face security vulnerabilities,
requiring robust measures to safeguard sensitive user data and prevent unauthorized
access.

Scope Enhancement:

 Expanded Functionality:
Future enhancements to the LMS can introduce additional features and tools not
currently available, enhancing the learning experience and administrative capabilities.

 Enhanced Security Measures:

Implementing stronger security protocols can fortify the LMS against potential threats
and breaches, ensuring the safety and privacy of user data.

 Implementation of Tracking System:

Integrating a comprehensive tracking system enables monitoring of user progress,
engagement, and performance metrics, facilitating data-driven decision-making and
personalized learning experiences.

 Provision of Additional Facilities:

The LMS can evolve to offer supplementary facilities such as interactive learning
modules, virtual classrooms, collaborative tools, and multimedia support, catering to
diverse learning needs and preferences.

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References

https://www.capterra.com/p/180564/SMART-Systems-Pro/
#featureshttps://www.capterra.com/p/13214/AccuPOS-Retail/
#features
https://info.gartnerdigitalmarkets.com/restopos-gdm-lp/?category=restaurant-
management&utm_source=capterra
https://limetray.com/blog/restaurant-management-system/https://
www.oracle.com/in/industries/food-beverage/restaurant-pos-systems/

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