THE BEST

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN

INCIDENT
ACTION PLAN
By
Napatchanan Supattaraniyapong (Pear)
Saovarat Pomtong (Woon)
Kan Tantiphisanu (Puff)
Bhubhing Chansalvilai (Bhubhing)
Siwat Suphaphinyophong (Peter)
12C1
Contents

BULF 01

Situational overview 02

Objectives 04

Relevant information 05

Equipment 10

Responses and procedures 13

Conclusion 21
 BLUF

On August 22, 2023, at Mahidol University International

Demonstration School, a hazardous chemical spill occurred
near the football field, releasing Toluene, Tetrachloroethylene,
Sodium Borohydride, and Polyurethane Coating. With the
temperature at 33°C and humidity at 70%, two victims were
found in the area injured and unconscious: one with
dislocated legs and a bleeding shoulder blade, the other with
a twisted leg due to inadequate PPE. Amidst ongoing PE
classes and grade 10 students having lunch, urgent attention
was required for victim rescue, containment of chemicals,
and decontamination of the area. The objectives were to
prevent disturbances, announce the hazard, evacuate,
rescue victims, and eliminate contamination.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 01

 Situational Overview
It was a scorching day at Mahidol University International
Demonstration School on August 22, 2023, with the temperature reaching
33°C and humidity at 70%. Near the football field at around 12:30 PM, a
hazardous chemical spill occurred, releasing Toluene,
Tetrachloroethylene, Sodium Borohydride, and Polyurethane Coating.
Two victims were found collapsed: one, dressed in PE attire, suffered
dislocated knees and a bleeding shoulder blade, while another, wearing
an inadequate PPE lab coat, had a twisted left leg. Nearby, two PE classes
carried on, and grade 10 students enjoyed lunch in the cafeteria. Despite
a 20% chance of rain, urgent attention was required to address the
chemical spill and attend to the injured victims within the school's
bustling environment.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 02

 Situational Overview
Victim no.1
Supposedly one of the teachers or
staff of Mahidol University
International Demonstration
School.
Found unconscious in the area,
donned in a PPE lab coat of
extremely low protection level,
level D.
Injuries found on the victim’s body
include a dislocated knee and
exposure of hazardous chemicals
on the skin.

Victim no.2
One of the students of Mahidol
University International
Demonstration School, most
probably from a group attending
physical education class in the
nearby football field area.
Found immobile and lying face
down on the floor, attired in a
school sportswear.
Minor trauma induced bleeding
found on the victim’s right
shoulder.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 03

Objectives
Limit the spread of the spill and prevent people
Goal 1:
from entering the area of an incident.

Goal 2: Identify the area of evacuation.

Make an official announcement about the

Goal 3:
incident and evacuation.

Goal 4: Rescue the victims.

Decontaminate and eliminate the hazardous

materials and clean up the area.
Polyurethane Coating
Goal 5:
Sodium Borohydride
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 04

Relevant Information
CONTACT :
Public ambulance (Will take the patient to the nearest
hospital)

1669

Nearest hospital

Salaya hospitals 140 Moo 1 140 Moo 1, Salaya

Subdistrict, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom
Province Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon
Pathom 73170

Tel: 02 444 6033

Chemical spill control (Will be responsible for cleaning up

the area and decontaminating the area)

1650

Thailand Hazardous Substances Control Group

025907310 OR 025907301

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 05

Polyurethane Coating

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Polyurethane coatings are strong and durable materials
made by mixing polyols and isocyanates. These
coatings resist chemicals, weather, and UV radiation.
(THE SEVERITY OF THE SYMPTOMS VARY DEPENDENT ON THE CONCENTRATION AND
HEALTH HAZARD THE LENGTH OF EXPOSURE.)

Inhalation : May cause Headache, Nausea, vomiting

Central nervous system depression, Drowsiness,
dizziness.
Skin : Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or
cracking.
Eye : May be slightly irritating to eyes. May cause
discomfort.
Swallowed : Immediately call a poison center or
doctor
Inhaled : Remove victim to fresh air. If breathing has
stopped, give artificial respiration. Get medical
attention.
STORAGE
Keep away from oxidising materials, heat and flames
Keep container tightly closed, in a cool, well
ventilated place.
Keep containers upright.
Protect from sunlight. Do not store near heat sources
or expose to high temperatures (exceeding
50°C/122°F).
The storage area floor should be leak-tight, jointless
and not absorbent.
HOW TO HANDLE
Wear protective gloves, face, and eye protection.
Avoid breathing fumes, gas and mist.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling
In case of fire, use water spray, alcohol-resistant
foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide fire extinction.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 06

Sodium Borohydride

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance : White crystalline powder.
Melting Point : 400°C (752°F).
Density : 1.07 g/cm³.
Solubility : Dissolves in water and some liquids.
Use : Used to make things smaller in certain reactions.
Reacts with : Reacts strongly with water and acids,
releasing hydrogen gas.

HEALTH HAZARD
1. Breathing : Breathing in dust or fumes may hurt your
lungs.
2. Skin : Touch may cause redness and irritation.
3. Eyes : Contact can make your eyes hurt and turn red.
4. Ingest : Swallowing can cause stomach pain, throwing
up, and diarrhea.
STORAGE
Keep in Corrosives area.
Keep away from water or moist air.
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and
well-ventilated place
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
HOW TO HANDLE
Wear personal protective equipment/face protection.
Do not get in eyes, on skin, or clothing.
Use only under a chemical fume hood.
Do not breathe mist/vapors/spray.
Do not ingest. If swallowed then seek immediate
medical assistance.
Do not allow contact with water.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 07

Tetrachloroethylene

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Type: Liquid chemical
Color: Colorless
Smell: Sweet, like chloroform
Common Uses: Dry cleaning, degreasing
HEALTH HAZARD
1. Breathing : Can cause dizziness, headaches, and
harm to lungs, nerves, and organs if inhaled.
2. Skin : Can irritate skin and get absorbed into the
body.
3. Eyes : Irritates eyes, causing redness and tearing.
4. Swallowing : Rare, but can cause stomach pain,
vomiting, and irritation.
STORAGE
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to
qualified or authorized persons.
HOW TO HANDLE
Evacuate: Immediately evacuate the area and
ensure others do the same.
Ventilate: Open windows and doors to allow fresh
air to enter and ventilate the space.
Avoid Contact: Do not touch the leaking liquid.
Avoid inhaling its fumes.
Shut Off: If safe, turn off the source of the leak if
you can do so without risk.
Call for Help: Dial emergency services or a
hazardous materials response team.
Contain: If possible, block off the area to prevent
others from entering.
Stay Safe: Wait for trained professionals to handle
the situation.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 08

Toluene

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Looks : Clear liquid
Smell : Sweet
Melting : Becomes a liquid at -95°C (-139°F)
Boiling : Turns into vapor at 110.6°C (231.1°F)
Weight : Lighter than water
Catches fire easily
Can react with other chemicals
HEALTH HAZARD
1. Breathing : Breathing its vapor can cause dizziness,
headaches, or even make you pass out.
2. Skin : It can irritate your skin.
3. Eyes : Hurts your eyes if it gets in them.
4. Swallowing : If swallowed, it can make you sick.
STORAGE
1. Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
2. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent evaporation.
3. Store away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
4. Keep away from incompatible materials and open flames.
5. Store in a designated area, separate from food and drinks.
6. Follow local regulations for proper storage and handling.
HOW TO HANDLE
1. Avoid Contact: Stay away from the liquid. If it
touches skin or eyes, wash or rinse immediately.
2. Ventilate: Open windows if safe, and leave the area
if indoors.
3. Contain: If trained, use absorbents to stop the
spread.
4. No Ignition: Keep away from flames and sparks.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 09

Equipments
Level B PPE equipment :

Positive pressure
demand full face Self- Hooded chemical
Contained Breathing resistant clothing
Apparatus(SCBA) or suite

Inner chemical Outer chemical

resistant gloves resistant gloves

Chemical resistant
boots

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 10

Equipments
Hazmat spill kit :

Absorbent Disposal bags or

Chemical sock bins
materials

Neutralizer
Eye goggles Safety golves

Shoe or boot
cover

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 11

Equipments
Traffic cones and barricades

Communication equipments

Fire suppression equipments or fire extinguishers

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 12

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 1

Goal 1. Limit the spread of the spill and

prevent people from entering the area of
an incident.

Steps
1. Put the safety warning tape to secure the scene.
2. Place the cones outside of the scene.
3. Assign volunteers to inform people on the scene.
4. Alert the people who are in the surrounding area.
5. Inform the seriousness of the contaminated area.
6. Clear the scene for the emergency service and people that were
involved.
7. Assign people to put chemical socks around the area of the spills to
prevent further damage while waiting for the people who are going to
decontaminate the area.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 13

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 2

Goal 2 Identify the area of evacuation.

Steps

1. Secure the incident area (Hot Area)

2. Rescue people that were in the scene to the decontamination
area (Warm Zone)
3. Support teams prepare at Cold Zone.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 14

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 3

Goal 3 Make an official announcement

about the incident and evacuation.

Steps :
1. Confirm the Situation : Make sure the chemical leakage information is
accurate and verified.
2. Get Important Details : Identify the leaked chemical and know the
affected area and risks.
3. Create a Clear Message :
a. Start with "Chemical Leak Alert."
b. Explain the chemical and its dangers briefly.
c. Describe symptoms and risks.
4. Tell people what to do :
a. Stay indoors, shut windows, avoid the area.
5. Share emergency contacts :
6. Use Many Ways to Reach People :
a. Social media
b. Texts
c. Alerts
7. Repeat the message everywhere : Make sure that everyone in school
know about the incident.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 15

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 4

Goal 4 Rescue the victims.

Steps
1. Assess Safety :
a. Ensure personal safety with appropriate PPE.
b. Identify the chemicals and hazards.
2. Alert Others :
a. Tell people to leave the area and call 911.
3. Evacuate :
a. Evacuate everyone from the area.
4. Contain and Ventilate :
a. Safely contain the spill.
b. Ventilate the area if possible.
5. Assist Unconscious Victims :
a. Check for signs of life.
b. Move victims away from the spill.
6. Avoid direct contact if chemicals are involved.
7. Wait for Professional Help :
a. Wait for emergency services.
b. Provide details about the chemicals and victims.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 16

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 5

Goal 5 Decontaminate and eliminate the

hazardous materials and clean up the area.

STEPS
Donning in the PPE level B suit then follow
these steps.
Polyurethane Coating
Containment
Use absorbent materials to contain and absorb the spilled
polyurethane coating.

Collect the Contaminated Material

Carefully scoop up the absorbed material with a non-
sparking shovel or scoop. Place the collected material in a
hazardous waste container or bag designed for chemical
waste.

Clean the Area

Wash the area with a lot of water.

Dispose of Contaminated Materials

Dispose of the contaminated absorbents and cleaning
materials in hazardous waste bin.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 17

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 5

Goal 5 Decontaminate and eliminate the

hazardous materials and clean up the area.

STEPS
Sodium Borohydride
Containment
Use dry lime(calcium hydroxide), soda ash(sodium
carbonate), or inert absorbent materials to contain and
absorb the spilled Sodium Borohydride. Do not use water or
wet method in this step.

Collect the Contaminated Material

Carefully scoop up the absorbed material with a non-
sparking shovel or scoop. Place the collected material in a
hazardous waste container or bag designed for chemical
waste.

Clean the Area

Ventilate and wash area after clean-up is complete.

Dispose of Contaminated Materials

Dispose of the contaminated absorbents and cleaning
materials in hazardous waste disposal bin.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 18

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 5

Goal 5 Decontaminate and eliminate the

hazardous materials and clean up the area.

STEPS
Tetrachloroethylene
Containment
Use inert absorbent materials to contain and absorb the
spilled tetrachloroethylene.

Collect the Contaminated Material

Carefully scoop up the absorbed material with a non-
sparking shovel or scoop. Place the collected material in a
hazardous waste container or bag designed for chemical
waste.

Clean the Area

Ventilate and wash area after clean-up is complete.

Dispose of Contaminated Materials

Dispose of the contaminated absorbents and cleaning
materials in hazardous waste disposal bin.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 19

Responses & Procedures
GOAL 5

Goal 5 Decontaminate and eliminate the

hazardous materials and clean up the area.

STEPS
Toluene
Containment
Use inert absorbent materials to contain and absorb the
spilled toluene.

Collect the Contaminated Material

Carefully scoop up the absorbed material with a non-
sparking shovel or scoop. Place the collected material in a
hazardous waste container or bag designed for chemical
waste.

Clean the Area

Wash area with water.

Dispose of Contaminated Materials

Dispose of the contaminated absorbents and cleaning
materials in hazardous waste disposal bin.

After the cleaning and decontaminating process

is done, doffing of the PPE suit.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 20

 CONCLUSION
The outlined emergency response and cleanup protocol for chemical
leak incidents represents a vital blueprint for ensuring the safety of
communities and the environment during crisis situations. By following
these meticulously designed steps, emergency responders, volunteers,
and the general public can act swiftly and efficiently to mitigate the
immediate dangers posed by chemical leaks. The protocol prioritizes
clear and widespread communication, ensuring that pertinent
information reaches those who need it most, while also emphasizing the
importance of safety precautions such as evacuation, personal
protective equipment usage, and proper decontamination procedures.

Our project journey, encompassing the development and

implementation of this hazmat accident response protocol, has been an
enlightening odyssey. Through this experience, we've gleaned invaluable
insights into the intricate art of managing hazardous material incidents.
A significant revelation is the multifaceted nature of the protocol, not only
serving as a lifesaving tool but also as a bulwark against long-term
environmental and health consequences. This newfound wisdom has
instilled within us a profound sense of responsibility, knowing that our
work contributes to the safety and resilience of our communities.

Moreover, our project has underscored the paramount importance of

collaboration among diverse stakeholders, including emergency
services, local authorities, and the public. We've come to understand that
the success of the protocol hinges on well-informed and harmonized
responses, emphasizing the crucial role of teamwork in effectively
managing chemical leaks. In essence, our journey has illuminated the
significance of proactive disaster preparedness, endowing communities
with the knowledge and tools essential for swift and efficient responses
to chemical leaks, ultimately safeguarding lives and preserving the
environment. This project has been a transformative experience,
enriching us with valuable skills and profound insights to make a tangible
impact on emergency response and environmental protection.

INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 21