Abnormal Psychology Ch 10 (Barlow)

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1. Covert cognitive-behavioral intervention to 14. Incest deviant sexual attraction (pedophilia)

desensitization reduce unwanted behaviors by having directed toward a family member; often the
clients imagine the extremely aversive attraction of a father toward a daughter who
consequences of the behaviors and is maturing physically
establish negative rather than positive
15. Male dysfunction in which a man feels distress
associations with them
hypoactive from having little or no sexual interest
2. Delayed disorder in which a man achieves orgasm sexual desire
ejaculation only with great difficulty disorder
3. Erectile disorder recurring inability in some men to attain or 16. Male 5% of Canadian Men reportt a sexual
maintain adequate penile erection until Orgasmic dysfunction involving the inability to achieve
completion of sexual activity Disorder orgasm.
4. Exhibitionistic sexual gratification attained by exposing 17. Orgasmic learning procedure to help clients
disorder genitals to unsuspecting strangers reconditioning strengthen appropriate patterns of sexual
arousal by pairing appropriate stimuli with
5. Female orgasmic recurring delay or absence of orgasm in
the pleasurable sensations of masturbation
disorder some women following a normal sexual
excitement phase, relative to their prior 18. Paraphilic sexual disorders and deviations in which
experience and current stimulation disorders sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in
the context of inappropriate objects or
6. Female sexual recurrent inability in some women to attain
individuals
interest/arousal or maintain adequate lubrication and
disorder sexual excitement swelling responses until 19. Pedophilia paraphilia involving strong sexual attraction
completion of sexual activity toward children
7. Fetishistic long-term, recurring, intense sexually 20. Premature recurring ejaculation before the person
disorder arousing urges, fantasies, or behavior that ejaculation wishes it, with minimal sexual stimulation
involve the use of nonliving, unusual
21. Relapse Patients are taught to recognize the early
objects and that cause distress or
Prevention signs of temptations and to instutute a
impairment in life functioning
variety of self-control procedures before
8. Frotteuristic paraphilic disorder in which the person their urges become too strong.
disorder gains sexual gratification by rubbing
22. Sex surgical procedures to alter a person's
against unwilling victims in crowds from
reassignment physical anatomy to conform to that
which they cannot escape
surgery person's psychological gender identity
9. Gender psychological dissatisfaction with
23. Sexual sexual disorder in which the client finds it
dysphoria biological gender, a disturbance in the
dysfunction difficult to function adequately while having
sense of identity as a male or female. The
sex
primary goal is not sexual arousal but
rather to live the life of the opposite 24. Sexual paraphilia in which sexual arousal is
gender masochism associated with experiencing pain or
humiliation
10. Gender a phenomenon in which pre-pubescent
nonconformity children do not identify with their 25. Sexual sadism paraphilia in which sexual arousal is
biological sex, but instead identify associated with inflicting pain or humiliation
strongly with the gender of the opposite 26. Transvestic paraphilia in which individuals, usually
sex and display varying degrees of disorder males, are sexually aroused or receive
behavior more characteristic of the gratification by wearing clothing of the
opposite sex opposite sex
11. Genito-pelvic sexual dysfunction in which a woman 27. Vaginismus recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the
pain/penetration experiences pain or difficulty with outer third of the vagina that interfere with
disorder penetration during intercourse sexual intercourse
12. Heterosexual Sex with opposite sex 28. Voyeuristic paraphilic disorder in which sexual arousal
behavior disorder is derived from observing unsuspecting
13. Homosexual Sex with same sex individuals undressing or naked
behavior
 ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY | Neurotransmitters
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1. ... ...
2. 5- meaning of 5HT
hydroxytryptamine
3. agonist increases the activity of a neurotransmitter by mimicking its effects
4. amino acid includes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate
neurotransmitter
5. antagonist decreases or block a neurotransmitter
6. catecholamine similar chemical structure to epinephrine and norepinephrine is AKA ________
7. dopamine neurotransmitter which is associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease
8. gamma- inhibitory neurotransmitter or inhibits the transmissiin of information and action potentials
aminobutyric acid
9. glutamate Excitatory transmitter that turns on many different neurons, leading to action
10. glutamate and chemical brothers; balance functioning in the brain. operates independently at a molecular level, but the relative
GABA balance of each in a cell will determine whether the neuron is activated or not
11. inverse agonist produces effects opposite to those produced by the neurotransmitter
12. monoamine includes norepinephrine/noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine
neurotransmitter
13. norepinephrine aka noradrenaline
14. norepinephrine controls respiration and emergency reaction or alarm responses
15. reuptake after a neurotransmitter is released, it is quickly drawn back from the synaptic cleft into the same neuron
16. serotonin Regulates our behavior, moods, and thought processes
 Abnormal Psychology (Barlow and Durand) Chapter 11
Vocabulary
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1. Agonist substitution Providing a safe drug that 7. Barbiturates Sedative and addictive drugs used as
has a chemical makeup sleep aids (and addictive) drugs including
similar to the addictive Amytal, Seconal, and Nembutal that are
drug. Replacement of a used as sleep aids
drug on which a person is
8. Benzodiazepines Anti-anxiety drugs also used to treat
dependent with one having
insomnia. Side effects include some
a similar chemical makeup,
cognitive and motor impairment and may
an agonist. Used as a
result in dependence. Anti-anxiety drugs,
treatment for substance
including Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, and
dependence
Halcion, also used to treat insomnia.
2. Alcohol use disorder Effective against anxiety (and, at high
potency, panic disorder), they show some
side effects, such as some cognitive and
motor impairment, and may result in
dependence and addiction. Relapse rates
are extremely high when the drug is
discontinued
9. Controlled An extremely controversial treatment
drinking approach to alcohol dependence, in
which severe abusers are taught to drink
in moderation.
10. Depressants Psychoactive substances that result in
behavioral sedation including alcohol and
3. Antagonist drugs Medications that block or the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic
counteract the effects of drugs
psychoactive drugs 11. gamma Inhibitory neurotransmitter system that is
4. __________ are antianxiety drugs benzodiazepines aminobutyric thought to be associated with excessive
including Valium, Xanax, acid (GABA) anxiety
Dalmane, and Halcion which is (Ch 11, p. 399) system
also used to treat insomnia. 12. Hallucinogens Substances that alter sensory perception
Effective against anxiety (and, and can produce delusions, paranoia, and
at high potency, panic hallucinations. Any psychoactive
disorder), they show some substances such as LSD or marijuana that
side effects, such as some can produce delusions, hallucinations,
cognitive/motor impairment, paranoia, and altered sensory perception
and may result in substance
13. harm reduction Approach to substance abuse prevention
dependence. Relapse rates
and treatment that seeks to minimize the
are extremely high when the
harm associated with substance use as its
drug is discontinued.
primary goal (e.g. controlled drinking
5. ________ are sedative (and barbiturates interventions, safe injection sites for
addictive) drugs including injection drug users)
Amytal, Seconal, and (Ch 11, p. 399)
14. impulse control a number of related problems that involve
Nembutal that are used as
disorder the inability to resist acting on a drive or
sleep aids.
temptation. Inability to resist.
6. aversive treatment Make use of drugs
extremely unpleasant and
abuse for alcoholism
15. _________ is the category of substances that Hallucinogens 24. Opiates Addictive psychoactive
alter sensory perception and can produce substances such as heroin, opium,
delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations. (Ch 11, p. 395) and morphine that cause
Included in this group is marijuana and LSD. temporary euphoria and
analgesia (pain reduction)
16. _________ is the category of substances that Stimulants
cause an individual to be more active, alert 25. personality disorder An enduring maladaptive pattern
and can elevate mood. Included in this (Ch 11, p.395) for relating to the environment
group are amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine and self, exhibited in a range of
and caffeine. contexts that cause significant
functional impairment or
17. _________ is the category of substances that Depressants
subjective distress.
result in behavioral sedation and can
induce relaxation. They include alcohol, (Ch 11, p. 394) 26. Polysubstance abuse Use of multiple mind- and
and the sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic behavior-altering substances.
drugs in the families of barbiturates and
27. _______ primarily Depressants
benzodiazepines.
decrease central
18. _________ is the category of substances Opiates nervous system activity. (Ch 11, p. 395)
whose major effect is to produce analgesia Their principal effect is
temporarily (reduce pain) and euphoria. (Ch 11, p. 395) to reduce levels of
Included in this group is heroin, opium, physiological arousal
codeine and morphine. and help an individual
relax.
19. ________ ________ is the maladaptive pattern of Substance
substance use characterized by the need dependence 28. Psychoactive Substance Substances that alter mood or
for increased amounts to achieve the behavior.
desired effect, negative physical effects (Ch 11, p. 391)
29. ________ _________ refers to Substance intoxication
when the substance is withdrawn,
the physiological Point of intoxication depends on
unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and
reaction to ingested three factors: which drug is taken,
substantial effort expended to seek it or
substances how much is ingested and the
recover from its effects.
(drunkenness or getting person's individual biological
20. ___________ is the need for increased tolerance high) which may be reaction.
amounts of a substance to achieve the experienced as impaired
desired effect, and a diminished effect (Ch 11, p. 391) judgment, mood (Ch 11, p. 390)
with continued use of the same amount. changes, and lowered
motor ability.
21. _________ _________ is the pattern of Substance
psychoactive substance use leading to abuse 30. Stimulants Psychoactive substances that
significant distress or impairment in social elevate mood, activity, and
and occupational roles and in hazardous (Ch 11, p. 391) alertness, including
situations. amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine,
and nicotine
22. ________ is the severely negative withdrawal
physiological reaction to removal of a 31. Substance abuse Pattern of psychoactive substance
psychoactive substance, which can be (Ch 11, p. 391) use leading to significant distress
alleviated by the same or a similar or impairment in social and
substance. occupational roles and in
hazardous situations.
23. LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) Most common
hallucinogenic 32. substance dependence Maladaptive pattern of substance
drug; a use characterized by the need for
synthetic increased amounts to achieve the
version of the desired effect, negative physical
grain fungus effects when the substance is
ergot withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to
control its use, and substantial
effort expended to seek it or
recover from its effects
33. Substance Disorders Amphetamines, Cocaine, Nicotine, and Caffeine
stimulants :
34. substance intoxication Physiological reactions, such as impaired judgment and motor ability as well as mood changes, resulting
from the ingestion of psychoactive substances
35. Substance-related Range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs and other substances people use to alter
disorders the way they think, feel, and behave.

Use and abuse of psychoactive substances, Significant impairment, Costs, and Polysubstance use
36. tolerance Need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with
continued use of the same amount
37. Trichotillomania The urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arms.
38. trichotillomania the urge to pull out one's own hair from anywhere on the body, including eyebrows, scalp, arms.
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 12 (Barlow)
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1. Antisocial Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or 11. Obsessive- Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
personality erratic) personality disorder involving a compulsive personality disorder featuring a pervasive
disorder pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation personaltiy pattern of preoccupation with orderliness,
of the rights of others disorder perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal
control at the expense of flexibility, openness,
2. Avoidant Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
and efficiency
personality personality disorder featuring a pervasive
disorder pattern of social inhibition, feelings of 12. Paranoid Cluster A - "WEIRD" (odd or eccentric)
inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism personality personality disorder involving pervasive
disorder distrust and suspiciousness of others such that
3. Borderline Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
their motives are interpreted as malevolent
personality erratic) personality disorder involving a
disorder pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal 13. Personality Enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to
relationships, self-image, affects, and control disorder the environment and self, exhibited in a range
over impulses of contexts that cause significant functional
impairment or subjective distress
4. Cluster A - Paranoid/Schizoid/Schizotypal
"WEIRD" 14. Psychopathy Non-DSM-IV-TR category similar to antisocial
(Odd or personality disorder but with less emphasis on
Eccentric) overt behavior. Indicators include superficial
charm, lack of remorse, and other personality
5. Cluster B - Borderline/Narcissistic/Histrionic/Antisocial
characteristics
"WILD"
(Dramatic, 15. Schizoid Cluster A - "WEIRD" (odd or eccentric)
emotional, personality personality disorder featuring a pervasive
erratic) disorder pattern of detachment from social
relationships and a restricted range of
6. Cluster C - Dependent/Avoidant/Obsessive-Compulsive
expression of emotions
"WORRIED"
(Anxious or 16. Schizotypal Cluster A - "WEIRD" ( odd or eccentric)
Fearful) personality personality disorder involving a pervasive
disorder pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring
7. Dependent Cluster C - "WORRIED" (anxious or fearful)
acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity
personality personality disorder characterized by a
for close relationships, as well as cognitive or
disorder person's pervasive and excessive need to be
perceptual distortions and eccentricities of
taken care of that leads to submissive and
behavior
clinging behavior and fears of separation
8. Dialectical Promising treatment for borderline personality
behavior disorder that involves exposing the client to
therapy stressors in a controlled situation, as well as
helping the client regulate emotions and cope
with stressors that might trigger suicidal
behavior
9. Histrionic Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
personality erratic) personality disorder involving a
disorder pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality
and attention seeking
10. Narcissistic Cluster B - "WILD" (dramatic, emotional, or
personality erratic) personality disorder involving a
disorder pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or
behavior, need for admiration, and lack of
empathy
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 13 (Barlow)
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1. ... ... 15. Delusions of "CIA satellites are watching us" or "the
persecution president knows what I'm doing"
2. Affective Do not show emotions when you would
Flattening normally expect them to; may stare at you 16. Dementia Kraepelin's term for the combination of
vacantly, speak in a flat and toneless manner, praecox catatonia, hebephrenia, and paranoia. Early
and seem unaffected by things going on onset of schizophrenia
around them, however may be responding
17. Disorganized Jumping from topic to topic, talking
on the inside
speech illogically; communication problems
3. Alogia relative absence of speech; responds with
18. Disorganized rambling speech, inappropriate affect, and
brief or "one word" answers and appear
symptoms of erratic behavior
uninterested
schizophrenia
4. Anhedonia Without hedonic; lack of pleasure include
experienced by some people with
19. Erotomanic belief that someone famous (like a singer) is
schizophrenia
Delusion in love with them and sending them hidden
5. Associative Separation among basic functions of human messages through the TV
splitting personality (i.e. emotion and perception)
20. grandiose sudden feeling of being very important
seen by some of the defining features of
delusion "jerusalem syndrome"
schizophrenia
21. Hallucinations experiences of sensory events without
6. Auditory on brain scans studies found the speech area
environmental stimulation
Hallucinations of the brain was no more active that the
hearing area, indicating that schizophrenics 22. Hebephrenia Silly and immature emotionality
are hearing their own internal voice 23. Inappropriate Laughing or crying at improper times
manifested (as their own or another's voice) affect
7. Avolition Without an act of willing; inability to initiate 24. Jealous suspicion of infidelity plus a break with
and persist in activities; show little interest in delusion reality where they believe they saw partner
performing day-to-day functions including with another person
personal hygiene
25. Most common auditory
8. Avolition or apathy, it is difficult to get schizophrenics hallucinations
(negative to do anything, maybe if they get pushed are
symptom of enough, they will start a project.
26. Negative Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior
schizophrenia)
symptoms including apathy, poverty of (i.e. limited)
9. Brief Presence of one OR MORE positive thought or speech, and emotional and social
psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, withdrawal, and approximately 25% of
disorder or disorganized speech or behavior lasting 1 people with schizophrenia display these
month or less symptoms
10. Catatonia Alternating immobility and excited agitation; 27. Negative absence of normal behaviors
acting like a statue and then being irritable symptoms of
afterwards schizophrenia
11. Catatonic Unusual postures, as if they were fearful of means
immobility something terrible happening if they move; 28. Paranoia Delusions of grandeur or persecution
may involve waxy flexibility or the tendency
29. Persecutory "someone" is out to get you
to keep their bodies and limbs in the position
delusion
they are put in by someone else
30. Positive Obvious signs of psychosis including
12. Delusional Persistent belief that is contrary to reality, in
symptoms disturbing experiences of delusions and
disorder the absence of other symptoms of
hallucinations. Between 50% and 70% of
schizophrenia
people with schizophrenia experience
13. Delusions extreme disorders of thought content with hallucinations, delusions, or both
gross misinterpretations of reality
14. Delusions of "I'm famous" or "I could be a star"
grandeur
31. Prevalence of 1% of population on average in lifetime (1 42. Up to 70% of schizophrenia Hallucinations and delusions
Schizophrenia in 100) patients experience these
-moderate to severe lifetime impairment "positive" symptoms (active
-life expectancy is less than average types of abnormal behavior)
(suicide)
43. Word Salad when a schizophrenic says a
female: male= ~1:1
bunch of words that are so
32. Prodomal stage 1-2 year period before the serious scrambled and disorganized
symptoms occur but when less severe that they don't make sense
yet unusual behaviors start to show like
increased anxiety/irritability and social
withdrawal (experienced by 85%)
33. Psychotic Many unusual behaviors that involves
behavior delusions (irrational beliefs) and/or
hallucinations (sensory experiences in the
absence of external events)
34. Psychotic Condition that is characterized by
disorder hallucinations or delusions that are the
associated with direct result of another physiological
another medical disorder (i.e brain tumor or stroke)
condition
35. Schizoaffective Symptoms of schizophrenia AND exhibit
disorder characteristics of mood disorders;
individuals tend not to get better on their
own and are likely to continue
experiencing major life difficulties for
many years
36. Schizophrenia Disorder characterized by cognitive and
emotional dysfunctions including
delusions and hallucinations,
disorganized speech and behavior, and
inappropriate emotions
37. Schizophreniform Experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia
disorder for less than 6 months, then symptoms
disappear sometimes due to successful
treatment -most resume normal lives
38. Schizotypal Related psychotic disorder;
personality characteristics are similar to those
disorder experienced by people with
schizophrenia but are less severe
39. Shared psychotic Individual develops delusions simply as
disorder (folie a a result of a close relationship with a
deux) delusion individual -usually improves
after seperation
40. Somatic delusion anything related to the body. Someone
could believe an animal lives inside
them, or that one of their arms isn't theirs
41. Substance- Psychosis caused by the indigestion of
induced medications, psychoactive drugs, or
psychotic toxins
disorder
 Abnormal psychology 5,6,7 test 2
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1. A 35-year-old individual named Manny has Manic 11. At the time of assessment of an anxiety 55%
recently formulated an elaborate plan to episode disorder, _________ of patients should have at
cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide least one other anxiety or depressive
funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all disorder.
the money from his bank account and
12. A child who is afraid of dogs because her specific
purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and
father was afraid of dogs is said to have a psychological
small boxes in which to put them. When he
________ vulnerability.
appeared at a hospital emergency room
loudly demanding names of patients with 13. Debbie has been diagnosed with major 2-3
AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants
psychiatric observation. What is your to know what to expect in the future
diagnosis of Manny? regarding her condition. You tell her that
according to recent research the median
2. According to Gray and McNaughton (1996), serotonin
lifetime number of major depressive
the fight-or-flight system is partially
episodes is _____.
activated by deficiencies in the
neurotransmitter _______ in the brain. 14. During a dysphoric manic episode, the anxiety and
patient experiences mania and ___________. depression
3. According to Jeffrey Gray, a British arising from
neuropsychologist, the behavioral inhibition the brain 15. Fear activates a surge of
system (BIS) is activated by danger signals stem or energy in the
___________, resulting in the experience of descending autonomic
anxiety. from the nervous
cortex system so we
can flee.
4. According to research studies reported in attitudes of
the textbook, people with OCD who hold inflated 16. Hideki was attending his fifth baseball cued
fundamentalist religious beliefs often responsibility. game at Condor Stadium, where he had
present previously had a panic attack. He did not
know if he would have a panic attack today,
5. According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the 10
but shortly after entering the stadium, he
symptoms of a panic attack develop
did. This type of panic attack is ____________.
abruptly and reach a peak within _____
minute(s). 17. An individual who suffers from panic conditioned
disorder might become anxious about stimuli
6. Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear marketplace
climbing stairs, exercising, or being in hot
of going out," derives from the Greek word
rooms because these activities produce
agora, meaning
sensations similar to those accompanying a
7. Agoraphobic avoidance behavior appears to the extent to panic attack. In psychological terms, the
be determined by which the exercise and hot rooms have become
person __________.
expects
18. In regard to OCD, when the term "magical" the
another
is used to refer to compulsive acts, it compulsions
panic attack
means have no
to occur.
logical
8. All of the following are characteristics decreased relation to the
common to specific phobias EXCEPT arousal of obsessions.
the
19. In the general population, as many as ____ 12.1%
autonomic
of people suffer from social anxiety
nervous
disorder at some point in their lives.
system.
20. In the type of specific phobia called a decrease in
9. Anxiety is closely related to which of the Depression
"blood-injury-injection," there is an blood
following psychological disorders?
inherited vasovagal response and a pressure.
10. The area of the brain most often associated limbic tendency
with anxiety is the system
21. In treating panic disorder, all of the opiates 32. Panic control treatment a. was developed by
following types of medications are the textbook authors.
used EXCEPT ________. b. concentrates on
exposing the patients
22. ____________ is characterized by Anxiety; fear
to the cluster of
apprehension because of future
physical sensations
unpredictability, whereas ____________
that remind them of
is characterized by strong escapist
their panic attacks.
tendencies.
c. involves the
23. "I've got to get out of here right fear reaction. therapist to create
now, or I may not make it!" This "mini" attacks in the
statement is most likely to be said office.
by someone experiencing a(n) *d. all of the above
24. The main difference between people with 33. People tend to have their best a little anxious
situational phobia and panic situational phobia performance on tasks when they
disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) is never experience are
panic attacks outside
34. People with a psychological catastrophize
the context of the
vulnerability to panic attacks tend
phobic situation.
to ________ normal physical
25. Manuel had a fear of riding on situational sensations.
buses, so his mother had to drive
35. Persistent depressive disorder longer-lasting
him to school every day. Manuel's
(formerly called dysthymia) differs
phobia is a(n) _________ phobia.
from major depressive disorder
26. The median age of onset for a 7 because people diagnosed with
specific phobia is ____. dysthymia have symptoms of
27. Members of the Falcons High smoke 20 or more depression that are ________.
School senior class will have an cigarettes daily. 36. The phenomenon known as African Americans
increased risk of developing "isolated sleep paralysis" is most
anxiety disorders if they likely to occur in _________ who suffer
28. Most individuals who experience a probably have several from panic disorder.
single episode of major depressive episodes throughout 37. Physiological assessments of panic finger temperature
disorder will their lives attacks recorded in the laboratory
29. Mrs. Pan has an anxiety disorder in cued indicate an increase in all of the
which she has occasional panic following EXCEPT ______________
attacks when shopping at the mall. 38. A psychological disorder in children separation anxiety
This type of panic attack is characterized by unrealistic and disorder.
referred to as _______________. persistent worry that something will
30. Panic attacks tend to occur most during deep sleep happen to their parents, which may
often between 1:30 and result in refusal to leave home is
3:30 a.m. called

31. Panic attack studies suggest that consume alcohol to 39. Research suggests that anxiety and co-occur.
men deal with panic depression frequently
attacks. 40. Research suggests that people with without images but
GAD worry try to avoid the
associated negative
affect.
41. Research suggests that we inherit a caused by multiple
tendency to be tense, which is genes
42. Richard, whose case is described in the magical 53. Which of the following is NOT TRUE It causes marked
textbook, was obsessed with the idea that about a hypomanic manic episode? impairment in
if he did not eat in a certain ritualistic way, social or
he would become possessed. This is an occupational
aspect of OCD that is termed ________. functioning.
43. Stressful life events - such as marriage, social 54. Which of the following is the most Specific phobia
divorce, familial death, or academic prevalent psychological disorder in the
pressures - trigger our vulnerabilities to general population?
anxiety. These are examples of a
55. Which of the following people living in Monica, a 50-
______________ contribution.
the United States is most likely to year-old woman
44. teenage girl had recently been having The physical develop GAD?
panic attacks while shopping at the mall. sensations
56. Which physiological measure Increased muscle
She was sitting in her room feeling very experienced
consistently distinguishes individuals tension
depressed. To cheer her up, a friend during
with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
suggested that they both go to an exercise exercise had
from non-anxious normal subjects
class. Shortly after the warm-up started, become an
however, she had another panic attack. internal cue 57. Which type of panic attack is most Expected
What is the best explanation for this for panic to closely related to phobias?
occurrence? occur.
45. Unipolar mania is rare.
46. Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in social phobia
which female sufferers predominate, the
sex ratio is almost equal in
47. When people experience severe anxiety, often know it
they is irrational,
but can't help
it.
48. Which of the following brain areas is NOT Hypothalamus
closely associated with anxiety?
49. Which of the following characterizes the Apprehension
mood-state known as anxiety? about the
future
50. Which of the following is an accurate An inherited
statement about anxiety? tendency can
make us tense
or uptight.
51. Which of the following is an accurate Most
statement about panic disorder? individuals
with panic
disorder will
also avoid
internal
sensations
that produce
physiological
arousal.
52. Which of the following is NOT a basic type Situation
of panic attack? inevitable
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 1-16 (Barlow)
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1. according to several cross- very similar across cultures 10. bulimic patients often present anxiety and mood
cultural research studies with additional psychological disorders
reported in the textbook, disorders, particularly _______
what is the prevalence of and ______
OCD?
11. Case in which insanity -M'Nagtan
2. according to the definition persistent defense has been used -Durham (crime was
of personality disorder, only product of mental illness)
individuals who show _______
12. changes from DSM-IVTR to ASD encompasses several
patterns of maladaptive
DSM5 in classification of disorders previously
behavior should be
Pervasive DEvelopmental classified as PDD.
diagnosed with a personality
Disorders -Includes autistic disorder,
disorder
aspergers, childhood
3. Acute onset of a Begins suddenly disintegrative disorder, and
psychological disorder Rett's syndrome
4. Although abnormalities in a possible association of 13. the characteristic features of chronic and originate in
the structure and functioning these abnormalities with personality disorders tend to childhood
of the brain can be detected psychological disorders develop with what
by neuroimaging techniques, developmental stage
current research is also
14. characteristics of Antisocial -failure to comply with
looking at
Personality Disorder social norms
5. The APA definition of defined in terms of how -violate rights of others
substance abuse significantly the use interferes -irresponsible, deceitful,
with the users life impulsive
-causes substantial -lack of conscience,
impairment empathy, and remorse
-may be very charming and
6. area of the brain most hippocampus
manipulate
impacted by PTSD
-substance abuse common
7. The area of the brain most limbic system (including
15. Characteristics of Conduct engage in behaviors that
often associated with amygdala)
Disorder violate society's norms
anxiety
-2 subtypes: childhood
8. As part of the psychological if a psychological disorder is onset and adolescent onset
assessment, a mental status present -An adult diagnosed with
exam is used to find out how antisocial personality
a person thinks, feels, and disorder is most likely to
behaves; it's primary have met the criteria
purpose, however, is to
16. characteristics of primary have difficulty initiating or
determine
insomnia maintaining sleep or
9. The best description of the Biological and psychological nonrestorative sleep
multidimensional integrative causes
17. The chemicals that allow neurotransmitters
approach to understanding -biological include factors
transmission of signals
psychopathology is that it is from fields of genetics and
between neurons are called
based on what? neuroscience
-psychological include casual 18. cognitive disorders are often behavior and personality
factors from cognitive and associated with changes in
behavioral processes,
19. The common factor among their ability to activate the
including learned
psychoactive drugs may be "pleasure pathways" of the
helplessness, social learning,
what? brain
prepared learning, and even
unconscious processes 20. Conducting a clinical ...
interview
21. The death rate (including 20% 32. Genetics make up for what percentage of 30%-50%
suicide) due to anorexia -higher than that of most personality characteristics?
nervosa is psychological
33. how is neurocognitive disorder due to autopsy
disorders
Alzheimer's usually diagnosed?
22. Define Prevalence How many people in populations
34. if an individual is diagnosed as psychotic, person usually
as a whole have the disorder
what does it mean? has
23. definition of avolition -inability to initiate and persist in hallucinations
AKA apathy activities and delusions
-show little interest in performing
35. in 1989, Abramson and his colleagues highlight
even most basic functions,
revised Seiligman's theory of learned development
including personal hygiene
helplessness, changing the focus from of a sense of
24. definition of intellectual below average intellectual ability specific attributions to _________________ as hopelessness
disability and adaptive functioning the crucial factor in depression
25. definition of learning academic performance that is 36. the insanity defense is based on which M'Nagten
disorder substantially below level historical case in England? -Inability to
predicted by individuals age, IQ, distinguish
and education right from
wrong
26. definition of narcolepsy Sleep disorder involving sudden
and irresistible sleep attacks. 37. In Supreme Court ruling such as O'Connor mental illness
v. Donaldson and Addington v. Texas, it and
27. Definition of resilience ...
was argued that the criteria for involuntary dangerousness
28. Diathesis-stress model states individuals inherit commitment should include
of psychopathology tendencies to express certain
38. In terms of level of support that will be IQ
traits or behaviors which may
necessary for an autistic child, which
then be activated under
factor is used as a predictor to determine
conditions of stress
prognosis?
-The more vulnerabilities the
person has, the less stress it takes 39. in trying to understand why some reduce anxiety
to trigger disorder individuals become addicted to drugs and (ability to
others do not, it is important to consider escape
29. difference between -delusional: imagined events
the negative reinforcement that is physical pain,
delusions in delusional could really be happening but
associated with the anxiolytic effect, i.e., a stress, or
disorder and delusions there's no evidence that they are
drug's ability to do what? anxiety)
in paranoid happening
schizophrenia -schizo: likely to be outside 40. know the different types of somatoform -somatic
realm of possibility disorders symptom
disorder
30. difference between -positive - refers to symptoms
-illness anxiety
positive and negative around distorted reality
disorder
symptoms of (delusions & hallucinations)
-
schizophrenia. -negative - involve deficits in
psychological
normal behavior like speech,
factors
blunted affect (or lack of
affecting
emotional reactivity), and
medical
motivation
condition
31. Differences between -2 uses a larger sample of -conversion
the MMPI-2 and earlier individuals and changed wording disorder
versions -1 was sexist, insensitive to -factitious
cultural diversity, only focus on disorder
Christianity as religion).
-New item added to deal with
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES such a
Type A, low self-esteem, and
family problems
41. know what the research says may help some 54. a primary diagnostic electroencephalogram(EEG)
about antidepressant medication individuals but only if technique for identifying
treatments for hypochondriasis depressive symptoms seizure disorders
are present
55. A psychological dysfunction Breakdown in cognitive,
refers to.. emotional, and behavioral
CBT & SSRI
functioning
42. The main reason that it's so failure to develop at
56. The purpose of creating mini allow patient to develop
important to identify children with one level is thought to
panic attacks in panic control alternative attitudes about
developmental disorders as early inhibit later stages of
treatment therapy serves the feared situation
as possible is that development.
what purpose?
43. a measurement which is reliability
57. Recent research by Barlow one's sense of control over
consistent is considered to have
and others indicates that environmental events
44. Modern treatment programs for -pharmacological vulnerability to anxiety
austism generally involve treatments. disorders is related to what?
- psychological
58. Researchers studying the Amygala
supports for
brain of individuals with autism
communication and
suggest that one area of the
socialization problems.
brain may be involved with
- behavioral
the disorder. What part?
approaches.
59. Risk of developing vascular risk for men slightly higher
45. the most common cause of Alzheimer's
neurocognitive disorder than among women
neurocognitive disorder is
60. side effects of marijuana use euphoria, mood swings,
46. most common type of auditory
and abuse paranoia, hallucinations,
hallucination experienced by
reduced concentration,
psychotic individuals
dizziness, memory and
47. Munchausen syndrome by proxy an adult (usually the relationship impairment
(or factitious disorder by proxy) is mother) who maltreats
61. statistics on suicide indicate alcohol use
characterized by her child by deliberate
that approximately one-
actions directed toward
quarter to one-half of all
making a child sick.
suicides are associated with
48. one of the problems encountered stop taking the meds in what?
by psychiatrists who prescribe order to bring on a
62. the strongest contributions to sociocultural
medication for patients with manic state
etiology of eating disorders
bipolar disorder is what?
seem to be
49. One prominent theory of behavioral inhibition
63. Treatment for learning educational intervention
antisocial personality disorder (BIS) & reward system
disorders generally involve and assistance
suggests that the behaviors are
what?
caused by an imbalance between
which of the brain's systems? 64. treatments of conversion principal strategy-to find
disorder and attend to traumatic
50. the physical or somatic symptoms changes in appetite or
event.
of a major depressive disorder weight
-Remove secondary gain,
include
reduce supportive
51. a possible link between antisocial genetic component - consequences, reward
personality disorder and pleasure seeking and positive health behavior,
somatization impulsivity, lack of CBT interventions
impulse control
52. prevalence of somatization 1%-5%
disorder
53. prevention of mood disorders in universal programs,
children and adolescents include selected intervention,
what? and indicated
intervention
65. Typical profile for Describes behavioral, psychological, 73. what disorders often -oppositional defiant disorder
mental disorder as or biological dysfunctions that are overlap with ADHD? -conduct disorder
defined in DSM5 unexpected in their cultural context -bipolar disorder
and associated with present distress
74. what is a component that contingency management
and impairment in functioning, or
seems to be an integral part
increased risk of suffering, death,
of substance abuse -They select specific
pain, or impairment
therapy? behaviours for change and
-The prototype of a disorder reflects
reinforcers that will reward
typical profile for mental disorder as
success
described in the DSM-5.
75. what is a conversion physical malfunctions without
66. Using evidence ...
disorder any physical or organic
based assessment
patholgy (no real cause)
techniques..
67. what are the -delusions (such as paralysis, blindness,
characteristics of -hallucinations difficulty speaking)
schizophrenia? -disorganized speech and behavior
76. what is a critical dangerousness- danger to
-inappropriate emotions
determinant of the civil self or others
68. What are the criteria PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION commitment process?
that define that is associated with DISTRESS or
77. what is a possible external repetitive head trauma
abnormality? IMPAIRMENT in functioning, and a
cause of dementia? (chronic traumatic
response that NOT TYPICAL OR
enchepholopathy --> CTE)
CULTURALLY EXPECTED
78. What is needed in order to reliability, validity, and
69. What are the -tolerance of behavior in a culture.
develop useful standards standardization
gender differences -differences in help-seeking behavior.
for a test
observed in the -gender bias on the part of the
prevalence of many diagnosing clinician. 79. what is one of the greatest getting client to trust therapist
personality challenges for any therapist
disorders and what treating an individual with
might they be due paranoid personality
to? disorder?

70. what are the legal it's a legal term typically meaning 80. what is the chief motivating an overwhelming, all-
elements of the severe emotional or thought factor in both anorexia and encompassing drive to be
definition of mental disturbances that negatively affect bulimia? thin
illness? individual's health and safety 81. what is the cognitive suggests that the more
-each state has own definition reserve hypothesis as it synapses a person develops
-many states exclude cognitive relates to neurocognitive throughout life, the more
disorder and substance abuse related disorder? neuronal death must take
disorders place before the signs of
-mental illness NOT synonymous with dementia are obvious
psychological disorder
82. what is the current thinking hopelessness
71. what are the -emphasis on prevention and regarding to the -suicide is often associated
treatments for rehabilitation relationship between mood with mood disorders,
antisocial -may need 2 focus on practical (or disorders and suicide? especially depression
personality disorder selfish) consequences
83. what is the evidence for majority of schizophrenic
and related -CBT could reduce violenceafter 5
structural damage in the patients have enlarged
antisocial behaviors? years
brains of schizophrenic ventricles
-parent training for children
patients?
-group therapy
84. What is the gradual major neurocognitive
72. What characterizes apprehension about the future
deterioration of the brain disorder AKA dementia
the mood-state
functioning that affects
known as anxiety?
judgment, memory,
language, and other
cognitive processes called?
85. what is the power called state acts as surrogate 97. Why is the criterion that a Many people behave in
parens patriae? parent, in best interest of particular behavior be atypical or ways that deviate from
person who needs help not culturally expected is average, it doesnt mean
insufficient to define they have a disorder.
86. what is the relationship -chronic stress reduces
abnormality?
between stress and dopamine levels and
Ex: lady gaga or really
depression? produces depressive-like
short/tall people
behavior
- mood may distort 98. with what neurotransmitter are dopamine
memories the positive symptoms of
- stressful life events related schizophrenia most closely
to onset of depression linked?
- major life stressors predict
INITIAL episode of
depression rather than
recurrent episodes
- people with history of
depression, stress may
trigger an episode, more
resistant to treatment
87. what is the relationship of exasperate inflammation
cholesterol to Alzheimer's? -causes cell death
88. What is the shared premise of allows system to both treat
the guilty but mentally ill and punish
(GBMI) verdict?
89. What is true and false about Brain damage does NOT
the relationship between explain why some people
brain damage and become psychopaths or
psychopathy? criminals
90. what triggers hypochondriasis ANXIETY/fear one has
serious diease
91. What type of panic attack is expected (cued)
most closely related to
phobias?
92. when are psychological appear early in life and
disorder considered change over the lifespan
developmental disorders?
93. When we compare the there are enormous
incidence of psychological differences in the rates of
disorders across countries various disorders in different
and cultures we find that countries and cultures
94. which drug prevention cultural change
strategy has the potential for
the most successful
outcome?
95. Which elements describe a It assesses long-standing
personality inventory? patterns of behavior
-self-report questionnaires
that assess personal traits
and focus on what answers
predict and patterns
96. Which other condition is depression
closely related to anxiety?
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 7 (Barlow)
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1. 2-9 months Typical duration of the first depressive episode 19. Cognitive Treatment approach that involves
when untreated Therapy identifying and altering negative thinking
styles related to psychological disorders
2. 4-5 months Median duration of recurrent major depressive
such as depression and anxiety and
episodes
replacing them with more positive beliefs
3. 4-7 Median lifetime number of major depressive and attitudes and, ultimately, more
episodes adaptive behavior and coping styles.
4. 4 days hypomanic episodes typically last for ___ ___ 20. Complicated Grief characterized by debilitating
5. 4 to 9 Duration of Major Depressive Episode if Grief feelings of loss and emotions so painful
Months untreated that a person has trouble resuming a
normal life; designated for further study
6. 30 years Mean age onset for major depressive
as a disorder by DSM-5.
disorders
21. Cyclothymic Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder
7. Adolescents Manic episodes alone may be somewhat more
Disorder characterized by alternating mood
frequent in adolescents
elevation and depression levels that are
8. Anhedonia loss of energy and inability to engage in not as severe as manic or major
pleasurable activities or have any "fun" depressive episodes.
9. anxious The most important addition to specifiers for 22. Delusion Psychotic symptom involving disorder of
distress mood disorders in DSM-5 thought content and presence of strong
specifier beliefs that are misrepresentations of
10. Atypical Individuals with this specifier consistently reality.
features oversleep and overeat during their depression 23. Depressive Thinking errors in depressed people
specifier and therefore gain weight, leading to a higher Cognitive Triad negatively focused in three areas;
incidence of diabetes themselves, their immediate world, and
11. Atypical Is associated with a greater percentage of their future.
features women and an earlier age of onset 24. Disruptive Mood Condition in which a child has chronic
specifier Dysregulation negative moods such as anger and
12. baby blues Minor reactions in adjustment to childbirth Disorder irritability without any accompanying
mania.
13. Bipolar I Alternation of major depressive episodes with
Disorder full manic episodes. 25. Dopamine Very strong yearning in complicated
neurotransmitter grief seems to be associated with the
14. Bipolar II Alternation of major depressive episodes with system activation of
Disorder hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
26. Double Severe mood disorder typified by major
15. Catalepsy Studies have suggested that this may be more Depression depressive episodes superimposed over
common in depression than schizophrenia a background of persistent dysthymic
16. Catalepsy Motor movement disturbance seen in people mood. Also called "persistent depressive
with some psychoses and mood disorders in disorder with intermittent major
which body postures are waxy and can be depressive episodes".
"sculpted" to remain fixed for long periods. 27. dysphoric Research suggests that manic episodes
17. Chronicity Mostly the difference of Persistent Depressive features are characterzied by
Disorder (Dysthemia) with other mood 28. Electroconvulsive Biological treatment for severe, chronic
disorders therapy (ECT) depression involving the application of
18. Chronicity The most important distinction in diagnosing electrical impulses through the brain to
(vs. Non- depression independent of whether the produce seizures. The reasons for its
Chronicity) symptom presentation meets criteria for major effectiveness are unknown.
depressive disorder. 29. flight of ideas symptom of mania that involves an
abruptly switching in conversation from
one topic to another
30. full remission the individual experiences a period of 43. Mixed Features Condition in which the individual
improvement after an episode during which experiences both elation and
the criteria of the disorder are not fulfilled depression or anxiety at the same
time. Also known as dysphoric manic
31. Hallucinations Psychotic symptoms of perceptual
episode or mixed manic episode.
disturbance in which things are seen, heard,
or otherwise sensed although they are not 44. mixed features term for experiencing depressive
actually present. symptoms during a manic or
hypomanic episode, or experiencing
32. Hypomanic Less severe and less disruptive version of a
manic symptoms during a depressive
Episode manic episode that is one of the criteria for
episode
several mood disorders.
45. mood congruent delusions or hallucinations that are
33. Integrated Grief that evolves from acute grief into a
consistent with a person's mood
Grief condition in which the individual accepts
the finality of a death and adjusts to the 46. Mood Disorders Group of disorders involving severe
loss. and enduring disturbances in
emotionality ranging from elation to
34. Interpersonal Brief treatment approach that emphasizes
severe depression.
Psychotherapy resolution of interpersonal problems and
(IPT) stressors, such as role disputes, marital 47. mood incongruent delusions and hallucinations are those
conflicts or forming relationships in that are inconsistent with the patient's
marriage or a new job. It has demonstrated dominant mood (Delusion of
effectiveness for such problems as Grandeur)
depression.
48. Mood-Stabilizing Medication used in the treatment of
35. Learned Martin Seligman's theory that people Drug mood disorders, particularly bipolar
Helplessness become anxious and depressed when they disorder, that is effective in preventing
Theory of make an attribution that they have no and treating pathological shifts in
Depression control over the stress in their lives mood.
(whether or not they do in reality).
49. Neurohormones Hormones that affect the brain and
36. light therapy Is one important treatment for winter are increasingly the focus of study in
depression psychopathology.
37. Maintenance Combination of continued psychosocial 50. Persistent Is defined as depressed mood that
Treatment treatment, medication, or both designed to Depressive Disorder continues at least 2 years, during
prevent relapse following therapy. (dysthymia) which the patient cannot be symptom
free for more than 2 months at a time
38. Major Most common and severe experience of
even though they may not experience
Depressive depression, including feelings of
all of the symptoms of a major
Disorder worthlessness, disturbances in bodily
depressive episode.
activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and
inability to experience pleasure, persisting 51. Phototherapy Patients are exposed to 2 hours of
at least 2 weeks. bright light (2,500 lux) immediately
on awakening.
39. Major Most common and severe experience of
Depressive depression, including feelings of 52. Physical Changes The most central indicators of a full
Episode worthlessness, disturbances in bodily (Somatic/Vegetative major depressive episode are the
activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and Changes)
inability to experience pleasure, persisting
53. Psychological Postmortem psychological profile of
at least 2 weeks.
Autopsy a suicide victim constructed from
40. Mania Abnormally exaggerated elation, joy, or interviews with people who knew the
euphoria. person before death.
41. Mania Period of abnormally excessive elation or 54. Recurrent Two or more major depressive
euphoria, associated with some mood episode occurred and were separated
disorders. by at least 2 months during which the
individual was not depressed.
42. Melatonin Emerging evidence suggest that SAD may
be related to daily and seasonal changes in
the production of
55. Seasonal Affective Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with
Disorder (SAD) depression occurring in the winter.
56. Suicidal Attempts Efforts made to kill oneself
57. Suicidal Ideation Serious thoughts about committing suicide.
58. Suicidal Plans The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.
59. Tendency to cry Occurs equally in depressed and nondepressed individuals
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 8 (Barlow)
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1. Actigraph Small electronic device that is worn on 11. Breathing- Sleep disruption leading to excessive
the wrist like a watch and records body Related sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing
movements. This device can be used to Sleep problem such as interrupted (sleep apnea) or
record sleep-wake cycles. Disorders labored (hypoventilation) breathing.
2. Anorexia Eating disorder characterized by recurrent 12. Bulimia Eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of
Nervosa food refusal, leading to dangerously low Nervosa uncontrolled excessive binge eating followed
body weight. by compensatory actions to remove the food
(for example, deliberate vomiting, laxative
3. Anorexia Kirsten has lost several kilograms and
abuse, and excessive exercise)
Nervosa now weighs less than 40 kilograms. She
eats only a small portion of the food her 13. Bulimia I noticed Elena eating a whole pie, a cake, and
mother serves her and fears that intake Nervosa two bags of potato chips the other day when
above her current 500 calories daily will she didn't know I was there. She ran to the
make her fat. Since losing the wight, bathroom when she finished and it sounded
Kirsten has stopped having periods. She like she was vomiting. "________________________" Page
sees a fat per in the mirror. 262 8.1 Concept Check
"_________________________" Page 262 8.1 Concept
14. Bulimia Joo-Yeon eats large quantities of food in a
Check
Nervosa short time. She then takes laxatives and
4. Antidepressants Antidepressants help individuals exercises for long periods to prevent weight
help Anorexia or overcome Bulimia Nervosa but have no gain, She has been doing this almost daily for
Bulimia? effect on Anorexia Page 277 8.2 Concept several months and feels she will become
Check worthless and ugly if she gains even the
slightest weight. "___________________" Page 262 8.1
5. Bariatric Surgery Surgical approach to extreme obesity,
Concept Check
usually accomplished by stapling the
stomach to create a small stomach pouch 15. Circadian Brett has started a new job that requires him to
or bypassing the stomach through gastric Rhythm change shifts monthly, He sometimes has day
bypass surgery. Sleep shifts and at other times has night shifts., Since
Disorder then he has considerable trouble sleeping.
6. Benzodiazepines After George's wife died at the age of 68,
(Example) "___________________" Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
he could not sleep. To help him through
the hardest first week, Dr. Brown 16. Circadian Sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or
prescribed "_______________" for his insomnia. Rhythm insomnia, caused by the body's inability to
Page 291 8.4 Concept Check Sleep synchronize its sleep patterns with the current
Disorders pattern of day and night.
7. Binge Relatively brief episode of uncontrolled,
excessive consumption, usually of food or 17. Contributing Biological limitations, as well as the societal
alcohol. Factors for pressure to use diet and exercise to achieve
Eating nearly impossible weight goals, contribute to
8. Binge-eating Manny has been having episodes lately
Disorders the high numbers of people with anorexia
Disorder when he eats prodigious amounts of food.
nervosa and bulimia nervosa Page 277 8.2
He's been putting on a lot of wight
Concept Check
because of it. "_____________________" Page 262
8.1 Concept Check 18. Disorder of Category of sleep disorder during NREM
Arousal sleep that includes sleepwalking and sleep
9. Binge-Eating Pattern of eating involving distress-
terrors.
Disorder (BED) inducing binges not followed by purging
behaviors; being considered as a new 19. Dyssomnias Problems getting to sleep or in obtaining
DSM diagnostic category. sufficient quality sleep.
10. Breathing- Timothy wakes up frequently every night
Related Sleep because he feels he is about to
Disorder hyperventilate. He can't seem to get
(Example) enough air, and many times his wife will
wake him to tell him to quit snoring. He is
suffering from a "________________________" Page
286 8.3 Concept Check
20. Hypersomnolence Sleep dysfunction involving an 29. Nightmares Jaclyn's dad is sometimes awakened by his
Disorder excessive amount of sleep that disrupts (Example) daughter's creams. He runs to Jacclyn'ts room
normal routines. to comfort her and is eventually able to calm
her down., Jaclyn usually explains that she was
21. Hypersomnolence Melinda sleeps all night and still finds
being chased by a big, one-eyed, purple
Disorder herself falling asleep throughout the
monster. The events typically happen after
(Example) next day. this happens even when she
watching scary movies with friends. Page 291
goes to bed early and get up as late as
8.4 Concept Check
possible. "___________________" Page 286 8.3
Concept Check 30. Nocturnal Jack has made a serious commitment to his
Eating diet for more than a month but continues to
22. Insomnia Disorder Condition in which insufficient sleep
Syndrome gain weight. He has no memory of eating but
interferes with normal functioning.
noticed that food is always missing from the
23. Mental Signs of Many young women with eating refrigerator. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
Eating Disorder disorders have a diminished sense of
31. Obesity Excess of body fat resulting in a body mass
personal control and confidence in their
index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30
own abilities and talents, are
or more.
perfectionists, and/or are intensely
preoccupied with how they appear to 32. Parasomnias Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or
others. Page 277 8.2 Concept Check sleepwalking that occur during sleep.
24. Microsleeps Short, seconds-long periods of sleep 33. Polysomno- Assessment of sleep disorders in which a
that occur in people who have been graphic client sleeping in the lab is monitored for
deprived of sleep. Evaluation heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and
(PSG) other functions.
25. Narcolepsy Sleep disorder involving sudden and
irresistible sleep attacks. 34. Primary Difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining
Insomnia from sleep; not related to other medical or
26. Narcolepsy Sonia has problems staying awake
psychological problems.
(Example) throughout the day, Even while talking
on the phone or riding the bus, she 35. Purging In the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, the self-
unexpectedly losses muscle tome and Techniques induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to
falls asleep for a while. This is compensate for excessive food ingestion.
"_______________" Page 286 8.3 Concept
36. Rapid Eye Periodic intervals of sleep during which the
Check
Movement eyes move rapidly from side to side, and
27. Night Eating Consuming a third or more of daily (REM) dreams occur, but the body is inactive.
Syndrom food intake after the evening meal and Sleep
getting out of bed at least once during
37. Rebound In a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep
the night to have a high-calorie snack.
Insomnia problems that can occur when medications are
In the morning, however, individuals
used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn
with night eating syndrome are not
hungry and do not usually eat breakfast. 38. Relapse Attention must be focused on dysfunctional
These individuals do not binge during Prevention attitudes about body shape in anorexia, or
their night eating and seldom purge. for relapse will most likely occur after treatment.
Anorexia Page 277 8.2 Concept Check
28. Nightmares Frightening and anxiety-provoking
dreams occurring during rapid eye 39. Scheduled Karen wakes up screaming every night,
movement sleep. The individual recalls Awakenings disregarding her parents' efforts to comfort
the bad dreams and recovers alertness her. Her heart rate is elevated in these
and orientation quickly. episodes, and her pajamas are soaked in
sweat. The next days she has no memory of
the experience, To help reduce these night
terrors, Karen's pediatrician used "_______________".
Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
40. Sleep Disorder involving brief periods when
Apnea breathing ceases during sleep.
41. Sleep Apnea Rama is extremely overweight. His wife suspects he may be suffering from "____________________" because he snores every
night and often wakes up exhausted as though he never slept. Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
42. Sleep Percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed.
Efficiency (SE)
43. Sleep Hygiene Carl's doctor suggested some relatively simple lifestyle changes otherwise known as "_______________" when he
expressed concern about developing a sleep disorder. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
44. Sleep Paralysis Jaime sometimes awakens and cannot move or speak. This is a particularly frightening experiences known as
"_____________________." Page 286 8.3 Concept Check
45. Sleep Terrors Episodes of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and
amnesia for the incident. These occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening
dreams.
46. Sleep Terrors Sho-Jen's parents hear her piercing screams on many nights and rush to comfort her, but she does not respond.
(Example) During these episodes, her heart rate is elevated, and her pajamas are soaked in sweat. When she gets up the next
day, however, she has no memories of the experience. Page 291 8.4 Concept Check
47. Sleepwalking Parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep.
(somnambulism)
48. Treatment for Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), CBT is the preferred method. Page
bulimia nervosa 277 8.2 Concept Check
49. Who finds small One study showed that females consider a smaller female body size to be more attractive than men do. Page 277
body size 8.2 Concept Check
attractive?
 Abnormal Psychology Ch 9 (Barlow)
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1. Acute pain Pain that typically follows an injury and 12. Endogenous opioids Substance occurring naturally
disappears once the injury heals or is throughout the body that
effectively treated functions like a neurotransmitter
to shut down pain sensation even
2. AIDS-related Group of minor health problems such as
in the presence of marked tissue
complex weight loss, fever, and night sweats that
damage. These opioids may
(ARC) appears after HIV infection but before
contribute to psychological
development of full-blown AIDS
problems such as eating
3. Antigens Foreign materials that enter the body, disorders. Also known and
including bacteria and parasites endorphin or enkephalin
4. Autoimmune Condition in which the body's immune 13. Essential hypertension High blood pressure with no
disease system attacks healthy tissue rather than verifiable physical cause, which
antigens makes up the overwhelming
5. Behavioral Interdisciplinary approach applying majority of high blood pressure
medicine behavioral science to the prevention, cases
diagnosis, and treatment of medical 14. General Adaptation Sequence of reactions to
problems Syndrome (GAS) sustained stress described by
6. Biofeeback Use of physiological monitoring equipment Hans Selye. These stages are
to make individuals aware of their own alarm, resistance, and exhaustion,
bodily functions, such as blood pressure or which may lead to death
brain waves, that they cannot normally 15. Health psychology Subfield of behavioral medicine
access, with the purpose of controlling these that studies psychological
functions factors important in health
7. Cancer Category of often-fatal medical conditions promotion and maintenance
involving abnormal cell growth and 16. Hypertension Major risk factor for stroke and
malignancy heart and kidney disease that is
8. Cardiovascular Afflictions in the mechanisms, including the intimately related to
disease heart, blood vessels, and their controllers, psychological factors
responsible for transporting blood to the 17. Immune system Body's means of identifying and
body's tissues and organs. Psychological eliminating any foreign materials
factors may play important roles in such (for example, bacteria, parasites,
diseases and their treatments and even transplanted organs)
9. Chronic Incapacitating exhaustion following only that enter
fatigue minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, 18. Psychoncology Study of psychological factors
syndrome headaches, muscle and joint pain, involved in the course and
(CFS) depression, and anxiety treatment of cancer
10. Chronic pain Enduring pain that does not decrease over 19. Psychoneuroimmunology Study of psychological
time; may occur in muscles, joints, and the influences on the neurological
lower back, and may be caused by enlarged responding involved in the
blood vessels or degenerating or cancerous body's immune response
tissue. Other significant factors are social
20. Relaxation response Active components of
and psychological
medication methods, including
11. Coronary Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to repetitive thoughts of a sound to
heart disease the heart muscle; a major cause of death in reduce distracting thoughts and
Western culture, with social and closing the mind to other
psychological factors involved intruding thoughts, that decrease
the flow of stress hormones and
neurotransmitters and cause a
feeling of calm
21. Rheumatoid arthritis Painful, degenerative disease in which the immune system essentially attacks itself, resulting in stiffness,
swelling, and even destruction of the joints. Cognitive-behavioral treatments can help relieve pain and
stiffness
22. Self-efficacy Perception of having the ability to cope with stress or challenges
23. Stress Body's physiological response to a stressor, which is any event or change that requires adaptation
24. Stroke/cerebral Temporary blockage of blood vessels supplying the brain, or a rupture of vessels in the brain, resulting in
vascular accident temporary or permanent loss of brain functioning
(CVA)
25. Type A behavior Cluster of behaviors including excessive competitiveness, time-pressured impatience, accelerated speech, and
pattern anger originally thought to promote high risk for heart disease
26. Type B behavior Cluster of behaviors including a relaxed attitude, indifference to time pressure, and less forceful ambition;
pattern originally thought to promote low risk for heart disease