JOSE RIZAL  Rizal the man stands among those few that are

English Name: Jose Protacio Realonda Alonso Mercado companion to no particular epoch or continent, who
Rizal belong to the world, and whose lives have a universal
Spanish Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso message. His field of action lay in the strife of politics
Realonda and power, but these were not to his inclination.
Behind Rizal’s Name;  He shouldered his political burden solely in the cause
 Jose - was chosen by his mother who was devotee of of duty, a circumstance rendering him one of those
the Christian saint San Jose (St.Joseph) figures rare in human affairs, a revolutionary without
 Protacio - was taken from St. Protacio, who were very hatred, and a leader without worldly ambition.
properly was a martyr. That a Filipino priest baptized  Where his true inclination lay is finely demonstrated
him and a secular Archbishop confirmed him seem in his life by the fact that his works in science, history,
fitting. and literature, and his profession as an ophthalmic
 Rizal - the name was adapted in 1850 by authority of surgeon, share a single, identical aim- TO SHED
the Royal Decree of 1849, upon the order of Governor ILLUMINATION AND GIVE SIGHT TO THE BLIND.
Narciso Claveria. Rizal was a shortened form of  Rizal's Virtues of Character
Spanish word for “second crop,” seemed suited to a  Honesty
family of farmers who were making a second start in a  Personal Integrity
new home.  Patriotism
 Alonzo -old surname of his mother·  Civic Responsibility
 Y-and-Realonda - it was used by Doña Teodora from  Willingness to Sacrifice
the surname of her godmother based on the culture  High Sense of Justice
by that time  Family Solidarity
 Mercado - adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the  Was greatly aggrieved by his physique - Nick Joaquin
paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which  He was always teased by his sisters because of his
the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English frail body and often described as a very tiny child with
Born: June 19, 1861; 11:00 - 12:00PM at Calamba a disproportionately big head that he carried even in
Died: December 30. 1896, Bagumbayan or Luneta Park his adulthood.
Father’s Name: Francisco Mercado  He became interested in body-building and athletics
Mother’s Name: Teodora Alonso during his early stages of adolescence.
Siblings: 10; 1 brother and 9 sisters  He excelled in many fields; science, art, literature.
 Saturnina
 Paciano WHY STUDY RIZAL?
 Narcisa  Because it is mandated by law - Republic act 1425 or
 Olympia Rizal Law which is enacted in 1956.
 Lucia  Since Rizal was the founder of Philippine nationalism
 Maria and has contributed much to the current standing of
 Concepcion this nation, it is only right that the youth as well as all
 Josefa the people in the country know about and learn to
 Trinidad imbibe the great ideals for which he died - Senator
 Soledad Jose P. Laurel
 Known to a child of a good family
 An example of sacrifice Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law seeks to accomplish the
 “Whatever our condition might be then, let us love following goals;
our country always and let us wish nothing but 1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of
her welfare. Thus we shall labor in conformity freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived
with the purpose of humanity dictated by God and died
which is the harmony and universal peace of His 2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his
creations” - Letter of Rizal to Dr. Ferdinand life and works in shaping the Filipino character
Blumentritt 3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the
 A human and a hero study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings.
 “Reverence without understanding is for deities,
not flesh and blood heroes like Rizal. Hero- Because of the lessons contained within the course
worship must be both historical-critical.” Aside from those mentioned above, there are other
(Ocampo: 1969) reasons for teaching the Rizal course in Philippine schools:
 “If Rizal is treated like God, he becomes 1. To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and
unattainable and his accomplishments inhuman.” teachings in relation to present conditions and
(Cristobal, 2004) situations in the society.
 Rizal Ideas: A Reply to the Challenges of our 2. To encourage the application of such ideals in current
Millennium social and personal problems and issues.
 “Rizal ideas are responses in the challenges of the 3. To develop an appreciation and deeper
new millennium”- Ambassador Edmundo Libid- understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for.
 Jose Rizal is indeed pre-eminent among the national 4. To foster the development of the Filipino youth in all
heroes of the Philippines aspects of citizenship.
 Rizal's pre-eminence is derived from the very fact
that he validated all his social and civic virtues, The 19th Century Philippine as Rizal’s Context
embodied in his noblest aspirations for his The Revolutions
country and people, by consciously and clear- When Governor-General Jose de Basco y Vargas arrived in
headedly accepting the ultimate sacrifice of the Philippines, Galleon Trade was not yet in progress. But
death. trading with China, Japan, Thailand, India, Cambodia,
RIZAL’S INCLINATION Borneo and the Moluccas (Spice Islands) was already
apparent among our ancestors when the Spaniards came 1810
to the Philippines.  The end of Galleon Trade transpired because of the
The Spanish government continued trade relations with loss of Latin American colonies brought by the
said countries and Manila became the center of commerce Mexican War of Independence from the Spanish
in the East. empire.
 Royal Philippine Company eventually closed and the
1565 policies for trade were adjusted.
 The Philippines allegedly a Spanish colony, was then
governed from Mexico 1834
 The birth of the Manila-Acapulco Trade more known  Manila was open for world trade
as the “Galleon Trade”  Merchants and traders from other countries migrated
 The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all in Manila and became leaders in finance, who made
countries except Mexico. agricultural cash crop export possible. These traders
were mestizos consisting of Spanish and Chinese
Galleon Trade families and decided to put-up merchant houses
 a government monopoly. (estbalishments in Manila)
 a ship (galleon) trade going back and forth between
Manila and Acapulco in Mexico Ilustrados
 Only two galleons were used:  who belonged to the landed upper class were much
 one sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some respected in their own towns or pueblos
500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120  But were regarded as Filibusteros or rebels by the
days at sea friars.
 sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some
250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days  In this period, railways and steamships were
at sea. constructed for safer, faster and comfortable means
of transportation and communication.
Governor-General Jose de Basco y Vargas  The construction of bridges, most especially, the
 Thought of making an organization - Royal Philippine opening of suez canal provided a shorter route for
Company trades.
 that will finance both the agricultural and the new
trade that were being made between the Opening of Suez Canal
Philippines and Spain and other Asian countries.  Built by Ferdinand de Lesseps, a french man
 He introduced the development of crash crop farms  Took place on November 17, 1860.
(crops cultivated for export) and became very strict to
some policies that allow the continuous opening for  The rise of the Chinese and Chinese mestizos was
Manila to foreign markets brought by the increasing growth of the economy.
 He also established monopoloy and maximize the  The Chinese mestizos play a major part in the Spanish
production of tobacco. colonial period, buying land, accumulating wealth and
influencing the majority.
Tobacco Industry  To increase the population of hardworking meztiso,
 Under the government control during General Basco’s the spaniards allowed them to marry at the age of 16
time. without their parents consent, a privilege not granted
 1871 - first tobacco monopoly was established in to the Indios
Cagayan valley, Ilocos Region, La Union, Isabela, Abra,  The treatment of the Spanish conqueror to the
Nueva Ecija and Mariduque. Filipinos were likened to slavery—they collected and
 The government exported tobacco to other countries urged Filipinos to pay all forms of taxes demanded
and part of it were given to the cigarrete factories in the native to do forced labor or polo y servicio for the
Manila. government and the Catholic church.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
 First revolution Accordingly, the increasing population of the mestizos
 about the inventions of steam engines and machines prompted the emergence of the following social status in
that were used in the manufacturing sector in the society:
different cities of Europe. 1. Penisulares- (pure-blooded Spaniard born in the
 considered as one of the most significant Iberian Peninsula such as Spain)
development in 19th century—from being a country 2. Insulares- (pure-blooded Spaniard born in the
that relied on machines and wage labor, Europe’s Philippines)
economic status totally changed. 3. Spanish Mestizo- (Spanish-Native, Spanish-Chinese.
Mestizo or Chines-Native
Contributions to the people; 4. Principalia (wealthy pure-blooded native supposedly
1. The Philippines was opened for world commerce. descended from the kadatoan class)
2. Foreigners were engaged in manufacturing and 5. Indio- (pure-blooded native of the Philippines or the
agriculture Filipinos)
3. The Philippine economy became dynamic and 6. Chino Infiel (non-Catholic pure blooded Chinese)
balanced.
4. There was rise of new influential and wealthy Filipino 19th Century
middle class.  the Spaniards’ economic power started to weaken.
5. People were encouraged to participate in the trade  They have maintained their superiority because of
6. Migration and increase in population were their status but the issue brought complications with
encouraged. the growing principalia wherein the mestizos realized
 their indispensable position in the society as movers
and facilitators of the economy. Francisco Mercado Y Chinco
 Son of Domingo Lam-co and ines De La Rosa
Inquilinato  Great Grandfather of Jose Rizal
 was introduced during the mid-eighteenth century  Husband of Bernarda Monicha
because of the increasing economy through the  There was the son of prosperous landowner, sugar
export of agricultural crops of trade. and rice planter, of Chinese-Filipino descent –
 The process for the system was: somebody or Francisco Mercado Y Chinco, who apparently owed
someone, known as canon will be renting a piece of his surname to the Chinese custom of looking for the
land for a fixed amount for the year. appropriate meaning.
 The inquilino or lessee should be working for the
landlords. SANGLEY
 Sangley, the name throughout all the Philippines for
19th to 19th mid century Chinamen, signifies “traveling traders.”
 Education was under the control of the friars
 Fear of God and obedience to the friars were the MERCADO
main lessons taught to students.  Mercado was used for trader.

End of 19th Century Bernarda Monicha

 the only school that offered different courses was the  Wife of Francisco Mercado
UST an existing higher education in the Philippines  Great Grandmother of Jose Rizal
that was founded in 1611.
 Courses offered were related to medicine, Captain Juan Mercado
pharmacy, theology, philosophy, canon and civil  Son of Francisco and Bernarda
law.  Grandfather of Jose Rizal
 Husband of Cirila Alejandro
Educational Decree of 1863  Older brother of Clemente Mercado
 requiring each town in the Philippines to establish one  Gobernadorcillo or Mayor of Biňan
elementary school for boys and one elementary for
girls Cirila Alejandra
 also paved the way for the establishment of a regular  Daughter of Maria Guiňo
school for the training of teachers to master the  Wife of Juan Mercado
Spanish Language, under the Supervision of the
Jesuits. Francisco Mercado
 80 yrs old
FRENCH REVOLUTION  Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818
 which allowed for the changing of political views  Died in Manila
among people. The French governmental structure  was a well educated farmer with studies in Latin and
changed from absolute monarchy, which gave philosophy at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila.
privileges to the nobles and religious officials.  Youngest in 13 siblings (Based sa module)
 The Philippines was conquered by the spaniards, the  7th Child (Based sa family tree)
land property of the Filipinos were lost because of the  Father of Jose Rizal
encomienda system - Extracting or getting assets  The name Francisco was a name held in high honor in
from unfortunate people by force. Laguna for it had belonged to a famous sea captain
 Spanish culture and religion became widespread and who had been given the ENCONMIENDA OF BAY for
the Filipinos were forced to accept it. his services and had won the regard of those who
paid tribute to him because of his fairness and
AMERICAN REVOLUTION interest in their welfare.
 Was somehow about the political disturbance during
the mid-18th century. Siblings of Francisco Mercado (Oldest to Youngest - Family
 There were 13 North American colonies that forcibly Tree)
removed the British empire from power and ignored 1. Gavino
the British government for US of America to become 2. Petrona
a sovereign nation. 3. Potenciana
4. Leoncio
RIZAL’S FAMILY 5. Fausto
The rizal family was a large one. Austin craig accounted 6. Barselisa
that rizal’s father’s family began in the philippines with a 7. Fancisco
chinaman. 8. Gabriel
9. Julian
Domingo Lam-co 10. Gregorio
 Jose Rizal’s Great Great Grandfather 11. Tomasa
 The family’s paternal ascendant was full-blooded 12. Casimiro
Chinese who migrated to the Philippines from Amoy, 13. Cornelia
China in the late 17th Century.
Teodora Alonso
Ines De La Rosa  She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14,
 Jose Rizal’s Great Great Grandmother 1827
 Japanese, Spanish, Malay and some Negro ancestry  Died in 1913 in Manila.
 84 yrs old
 Mother of Jose Rizal  The fifth child
 2nd Child  Married Matriano Herbosa.
 She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa.
 She was a business-minded woman, courteous, 6. Maria Rizal
religious, hard-working and well-read.  1859-1945
 86 years old
Siblings (Teodora included)  The sixth child.
1. Narcisa  Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
2. Teodora
3. Gregorio 7. Jose Rizal
4. Manuel  1861-1896
5. Jose  35 years old
 The second son and the seventh child.
 Daughter of Brigida de Quintos and Lorenzo Alonso  He was executed by the Spaniards on December
 One of the highly educated women in the Philippines 30,1896.
at that time
 She was a gifted woman with insights into literature, 8. Concepcion Rizal
art, music, and other forms of Filipino culture.  1862-1865
 She was also a poet and wrote in the Tagalog  3 years old
language. She urged her son to read and write in  The eight child.
Tagalog and impressed upon him the importance of  Died at the age of three.
Philippine culture and history.
 Jose’s earliest poems were written with the help of 9. Josefa Rizal
his mother and his career as a novelist was due to her  1865-1945
influences.  80 years old
 Teodora had one of the most masterful commands of  The ninth child.
Spanish in the Philippines.  An epileptic, died a spinster.

Manuel De Quintos and Regina Ursua 10. Trinidad Rizal

Parents of Juaquina, Maria Victoria, Jose Boler, and Brigida  1868-1951
De quintos - Well known family in Pangasinan  83 years old
 The tenth child.
Eugenio Ursua and Benigna Ursua (Not included in the  Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.
Family Tree)
Parents of Father Alejandro, Jose, Benito, Pio, and Regina 11. Soledad Rizal
 1870-1929
Siblings of Jose Rizal from Oldest to youngest; Including  59 years old
Rizal  The youngest child
1. Saturnina Rizal  Married Pantaleon Quintero
 1850-1913
 63 years old RIZAL’S EARLY EDUCATION
 Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage.  Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Biñan.
 Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,  It was a typical schooling that a son an ilustrado
Batangas. family received during his time, characterized by the
four R’s- reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.
2. Paciano Rizal Instruction was rigid and strict.
 1851-1930  Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by
 79 years old means of the tedious memory method aided by the
 Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. teacher’s whip.
 at San Jose College in Manila  Despite the defects of the Spanish system of
 Became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine elementary education, Rizal was able to acquire the
Revolution. necessary instruction preparatory for college work in
Manila.
3. Narcisa Rizal  It may be said that Rizal, who was born a physical
 1852-1939 weakling, rose to become an intellectual giant not
 87 years old because of, but rather in spite of, the 19 outmoded
 The third child and backward system of instruction obtaining in the
 Married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal Philippines during the last of Spanish regime.
 A teacher and musician.
 Rizal’s First Teacher was Teodora Alonso, his mother
4. Olympia Rizal  On her mother’s lap, Rizal’s learned at the age of
1855-1887 3
 1855-1887 three the alphabet and the prayers.
 322 years
yearsold
old  "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student memoirs,
 The Thefourth
fourth child.
child. "taught me how to read and to say haltingly the
Married Silvestre
 Married Silvestre Ubaldo
Ubaldo humble prayers which I raised fervently to God."
 DiedDiedin
in 1887
1887 from
fromchildbirth.
childbirth  As tutor, Doña Teodora was patient, conscientious,
and understanding. It was she who first discovered
5. Lucia Rizal that her son had a talent for poetry. Accordingly, she
 1857-1919 encouraged him to write poems. To lighten the
 62 years old
 monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate remind one of the hymn, “Mother of Christ” in the
her son’s imagination, she related many stories Baclaran church novena.
 As Jose grew older, his parents employed private  Again, while in Ateneo, he composed a poem entitled
tutors to give him lessons at home. “ Alianza intima la religion y la educacion” ( An
 Maestro Celestino - First private tutor of Intimate Alliance of Religion and Education) in which
Rizal Rizal expressed the importance of religion in
 Maestro Lucas Padua - Second private tutor education and to him, education without God is not
of Rizal true education.
 Leon Monroy - a former classmate of Rizal’s
father, became the boy’s tutor. This old The Inspiration of the parable of the Moth
teacher lived at the Rizal home and  Of all the persons who had the greatest influence on
instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. Rizal’s development as a person was his mother
Unfortunately, he did not lived long. He Teodora Alonso. It was she who opened his eyes and
died five months later. heart to the world around him—with all its soul and
 After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents poetry, as well as its bigotry and injustice. Throughout
decided to send their gifted son to a private his brief life, Rizal proved to be his mother’s son, a
school in Biñan. chip off the old block, as he constantly strove to keep
faith the lessons she taught him.
The Early Religious Formation  Doňa Teodora scolded Jose and told him that if he will
 Young Rizal was a religious boy. A scion of a Catholic not adhere to the advice of his parents or old people
clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of for that matter, he will be like the moth that burned
Catholicism, and possessed of an inborn spirit, Rizal itself in the fire.
grew up a good Catholic  The parable told that the young moth was attracted
 At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family to the flame, and thought that it could conquer it, it
prayers. When he was five years old, he was able to pushed itself to the burning flame and got burned.
read haltingly the family bible. The moth died a martyr in its own illusion, he truly
 He loved to go to church to pray, to take part in thought he conquered the burning flame, but it was
novenas, and to join the religious processions. It is not.
said that he was so seriously devout that he was  At the young age, Rizal gained inspiration from the
laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos and parable, that it is not impossible to conquer
Hermanas Terceras. insurmountable odds and be martyr in reality but
 One of the men he esteemed and respected in never in illusion. This was what he did as he grew in
Calamba during his boyhood was the scholarly Father age and in wisdom.
Leoncio Lopez, the town priest
 On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left for Calamba
to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to fulfill his
mother’s vow which was made when Rizal was born.
 It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and
his pilgrimage to Antipolo.
 He was thrilled, as a typical boy should, by his first
lake voyage. He did not sleep the whole night as the
casco sailed towards the Pasig River because he was
awed by “ the magnificence of the watery expanse
and the silence of the night.
 After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo,
Jose and his father went to Manila.

The Early Religious Writings and Experiences

 Rizal’s devotion to the Mother and Son were further
manifested when he wrote during his Ateneo days
two separate religious poems. One was titled “Al Niňo
Jesus” (To the Child Jesus), and the other was “ A La
Virgen Maria” ( To the Virgin Mary).
 The first poem, an Ode to Jesus, which was written in
1875, was short and considered of eight verse only,
which based on Spanish poetry standard must have
influenced Rizal, may be classified as octava real.
Translated by the late Hon. Leon Ma. Guerero.
To the child Jesus
How, God-child, hast Thou come
To earth in cave forlorn
Does fortune new deride Thee
When Thou art scarcely born?
Ah woe! Celestial king
Who mortal form doesn’t keep,
Woulds’t rather than be Sovereign,
Be shepherd of Thy Sheep
 The other religious poem addressed to the Virgin
Mary appears to be a sonnet. Its last three lines
 FAMILY TREE OF RIZAL’S FATHER

DOMINGO INES DE LA
LAM-CO ROSA

JOSEPHA FRANCISCO BERNARDA

DRANIO MERCADO MONICHA

CIRILA JUAN CLEMENTE

ALEJANDR MERCADO MERCADO
A

GAVINO POTENCIANA FAUSTO FRANCISCO JULIAN TOMASA CORNELIA

PETRONA LEONCIO BARSELISA GABRIEL GREGORIO CASIMIRO

 FAMILY TREE OF JOSE RIZAL

FRANCISCO TEODORA
MERCADO ALONSO

SATURNINA

NARCISA LUCIA JOSE RIZAL JOSEFA SOLEDAD

PACIANO OLYMPIA MARIA CONCEPCION TRINIDAD

 FAMILY TREE OF JOSE’S MOTHER

MANUEL REGINA
DE QUINTOS URSUA

JUAQUINA DE
QUINTOS

JOSE BOLER
DE QUINTOS

MARIA VICTORIA
BRIGIDA DE LORENZO
DE QUINTOS
QUINTOS ALBERTO
ALONSO

MANUEL GREGORIO
ALONSO JOSE
ALONSO ALBERTO
ALONSO

NARCISA
TEODORA ALONSO
ALONSO