UNIT 10: ENDANGERED SPECIES

Choose the vowel sound for each of the words below.

/ae/ /ei/ III /ai/ /ae/ /ei/ III /ai/

1. endanger 11. span

2. extinct 12. enact
3. rhinoceros 13. panda
4. dam 14. fertile
5. classify 15. wild
6. identify 16. gorilla
7. habitat 17. diversity
8. drainage 18. urbanization
9. damage 19. crisis
10. primary 20. natural

21. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.

biodiversity vulnerable extinct habitat reserves awareness

deforestation overexploitation conservation contaminated

1. She has been interested in working with orphans and_ children.

2. is the most important cause of freshwater turtle extinctions.
3. Many more species potentially will become , without gaining
public notice.
4. is the variety of plant and animal species present in the natural environment.
5. They developed programs aimed at protecting threatened and
endangered species.
6. A is the natural environment in which an organism lives.
7. A number of wildlife have been established to preserve endangered species from
extinction.
8. is the act of cutting down or burning the trees in an area.
9. The main objective of our program is to raise on biodiversity
conservation to students.
10. When food becomes , it has the potential to make you sick.
III. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Over 8,300 plant species and 7,200 animal species around the globe are threatened with
(1)
(2) (extinct), and many thousands more become extinct each year before
(biology) can identify them. The primary causes of species extinction or (3)
 (endanger) are habitat (4) (destroy), commercial (5) (exploit)
(such as plant collecting, hunting, and trade in animal parts), damage caused by nonnative
plants and animals introduced into an area, and (6) (pollute). Of these causes, direct
habitat destruction threatens the greatest number of species. Since the 1600s, the rate of
extinction has accelerated (7) (rapid) because of human population (8)
(grow) and human resource (9) (consume). Many biologists believe that we are in the
middle of the greatest mass extinction episode since the (10) (appear) of the
dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

IV. Complete the sentences with may or might followed by the correct forms of the verb in
brackets. If both /wand might are possible, indicate this.
1. ‘Where’s Emma?’ ~ I don’t know. She (be) out shopping, I suppose.
2. If you went to bed for an hour, you (feel) better.
3. The painting (not be) a masterpiece, but you’ve got to admit that
the colours are striking.
4. Do you think Jean (complete) the report by now?
5. The planet Venus (see) clearly in the night sky during this month.
6. My tweed jacket isn’t in my closet. I think my roommate (borrow) it. He often
borrows my clothes without asking me.
7. Is that John’s car-that just stopped? He (wait) for us.
8. She (not/ dance) very gracefully, but she had a lot of energy and
enthusiasm.
9. Jane said that she (go) and stay with her mother.
10. I’ve heard that the newsagents is losing a lot of money and it (close) down.
11. His maths (improve) by the time the exam comes round.
12. Students (not use) the staff car park.
13. Where’s Jane? I haven’t seen her for weeks. ~ I’m not sure. She (travel) in
Europe.
14. Don’t let the children play in this room. They (break) something.
15. If I were in Tom’s position, I (look) for another job.
V. Underline the best answer from each group in italics.
1. Bookings need/ must be made at least seven days before departure.
2. In most developed countries, people mustn’t / don’t need to boil water before they drink it.
3. You needn’t/ mustn’t go on the beach when the tide’s coming in. It’s very dangerous.
4. I often have to/ must work at the weekend to get everything done.
5. There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You mustn’t/ needn’t decide now.
6. We’ve been told that we don’t have to/ mustn’t be at work until 10.00 tomorrow.
7. When you have time, we must/ have to get together for a weekend.
8. You mustn’t/ don’t have to look in the closet. Your birthday present is hidden there.
9. As you worked late yesterday you needn’t/ mustn’t come until 10.00 tomorrow morning.
10. Employees will have to/ must accept the new conditions or be dismissed.
11. Of course the first thing I did was to call the police and I mustn’t / didn’t have to wait very
long for them to get there.
12. You mustn’t / needn’t use the office phone for private calls.
13. You needn’t / mustn’t have woken me up. I don’t have to I mustn’t go to work today.
14. Nowadays it needn’t/ mustn’t cost a fortune to own a powerful computer.
15. I’ve got bad toothache. I must/ have to make an appointment with the dentist.
VI. Complete the following sentences with can, could, be able to, may, might, must, need, have
to. Add not if necessary for a sentence to make sense.
1. I feel absolutely awful. I think I have flu.
2. I used to run for miles. Now I even run round the block!
3. Let’s be quiet when we go into the baby’s room. The baby be sleeping, and we don’t
want to wake her up.
4. I swim really well when I was six years old.
5. Although she had a broken leg, she swim to the shore.
6. She reserve the seat - there’ll be plenty of room.
7. You have a special licence to drive lorries weighing over two tons.
8. Billy, come away from that dog. It bite you.
9. In the United States, elementary education is compulsory. All children , attend six
years of elementary school.
10. At my last job, we make any personal phone calls from the office. We
use the public call box in the street!
11. Smoking cause all sorts of physical problems.
12. I phone Steve when I get home. I said I’d call him last night, but I forgot.
13. Johnny! You play with sharp knives. Put that knife down
immediately!
14. Guests leave their valuables in the hotel safe if they wish.
15. My father gave me a letter to post. I
VII. All these sentences have a mistake. Correct them.
1. You needn’t to worry about losing your jobs.
2. I think I saw her go out, so she might be at home.remember to post it.
3. We needn’t allow our competitors to gain an advantage over us.
4. When the students have question, they must to raise their hand.
5. We have enough food at home, so we mustn’t go shopping today.
6. It mightn’t be true. There must be some mistake.
7. You mustn’t work at weekends for the moment
8. Many students would rather to study on their own than go to class.
9. If we don’t get to the market soon they can’t have any flowers left. They will all have been
sold.
10. We needn’t forget to buy some vegetables when going home this evening.
VIII. Write new sentences with a similar meaning.
1. It is necessary to do all of this photocopying before lunchtime.
All of this photocopying has
2. It’s possible Louise is waiting for us at the airport.
Louise may
3. Maybe Mathew forgot all about it.
Mathew might _
4. I had the chance to do a parachute jump, but I was too scared.
I could
5. It is not necessary for anyone to know who paid the ransom to the kidnappers.
No one needs
6. It may be necessary for us to cancel our holiday because my mother is ill.
We may
7. It is necessary to extend the college to accommodate the growing number of students.
The college has_
8. I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather.
They can’t
9. It wasn’t necessary for you to go to so much trouble on my behalf.
You needn’t
10. A heavy shower prevented them from finishing their game of tennis.
They were