LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING MODULE
Prepared by:
Manny P. Eviota
Rosalia L Hugo
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1. TITLE: Module 2 – Science, Technology, and Society and the Human
Condition
TOPIC:
2.1 Human Flourishing
2.2 The Good Life
2.3 When Technology and Humanity Cross
TIME FRAME: 12 hrs
INTRODUCTION:
Science education focuses on teaching, learning and understanding science. Teaching science
involves developing ways on how to effectively teach science. This means that exploring pedagogical
theories and models help teachers teach scientific concepts and process. Learning science includes
pedagogy that would help students understand and love science thus, it is one of the most important
school subject in the future ( Marx, 1994). The main purpose of science education therefore is to
develop people as members of the society to meet scientific goals (Tilghman, 2005).
Meanwhile, a robot is actuated mechanism programmable into two or move axes with degree of
autonomy, moving within its environment, to perform intended tasks. Autonomy in this context means
the ability to perform intended tasks based on the current state and sensing without human
intervention. There are types of robots according to their functions. A service robot, personal service
robot and, professional service robot are some of these robots that are useful for humankind.
Intended Learning Outcomes: Upon taking this lesson, learners will lead to:
1. Determine the development of the scientific method and validity of science.
2. Identify how human attempt to attain what is deemed to be a good life
3. Examine human rights in order to uphold such rights in technological ethical dilemmas
.
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Pre-Test
Please see Appendix 1 and answer your Pre-Test .
2.1 Human Flourishing
Steps of the Scientific Method
A systematic method for
observation, measurement, and
experiment, and the formulation, testing,
and modification of hypotheses. In figure 1,
is a step by step process of solving
problem.
1. Ask a Question
The scientific method starts when
you ask a question about something that
you observe: How, What, When, Who,
Which, Why, or Where?
For a science fair project some teachers
require that the question be something you
can measure, preferably with a number.
2. Do Background Research
Rather than starting from scratch in putting
together a plan for answering your
question, you want to be a savvy scientist Figure 1. Scientific Method
using library and Internet research to help you https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
find the best way to do things and ensure that you don't repeat mistakes from the past.
3. Construct a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work. It is an attempt to answer your
question with an explanation that can be tested.
A good hypothesis allows you to then make a prediction:
"If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen."
State both your hypothesis and the resulting prediction you will be testing. Predictions must be
easy to measure.
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Your experiment tests whether your prediction is accurate and thus your hypothesis is
supported or not. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You conduct a fair test by
making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the
same.
You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first results
weren't just an accident.
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if
they support your hypothesis or not.
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Scientists often find that their predictions were not accurate and their hypothesis was not
supported, and in such cases they will communicate the results of their experiment and then go
back and construct a new hypothesis and prediction based on the information they learned
during their experiment. This starts much of the process of the scientific method over again.
Even if they find that their hypothesis was supported, they may want to test it again in a new
way..
Task 1
1. Choose the scientific step found inside the box that corresponds to every statement/ question
in each item. Write the letter before the number.
2. Francis Bacon believed in the use of inductive reasoning of the scientific method in 1622.
Inductive reasoning means from specific ideas to general conclusion. Below is the scientific
method as step by step in solving problems.
______1. What step in investigation which is considered as a generalization?
______2. What step will test the hypothesis to determine the answer to the problem?
______3. The step a science enthusiast will do before anything else.
______4. This refers to the questions you ask in order to solve the problem.
______5. A temporary answer to the problem is also known as an educated guess.
Y. hypothesis N1.Problem formulation N2Observation
A. Experimentation M. Conclusion
Task 2
Essay: Using of Kahoot apps, determine the result of scientific method and its development as
a way of human flourishing. This is posted in the said apps by the teacher
Answer:
2.2 The Good Life
Aristotle and the Good Life!
A human being is a function of purpose ( telos) that he has, Every human person aspires for an
end the happiness or human flourishing. For example a girl tries or aspires to finish her degree in the
university despite the initial failures she had, she is propelled by a higher purpose to graduate. She even
earns something more maybe to have license and land a promising job in the future.
No individual resist for happiness. Aristotle said that happiness is the be all and end all
everything that we do. We do not realize it but the end goal of what we do is happiness. Despite of the
difficulties and sacrifices that we have, we do this because the grand end is happiness.
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ARISTOTLE AND HOW WE ALL ASPIRE FOR A GOOD LIFE
It is interesting to note that the first philosopher who approached the problem of reality from a
scientific lens as we know now, the first to dabble the goal life – happiness.
Compared to his teacher and predecessor, Plato, Aristotle embarked on a different approach in
figuring out reality. Plato thought that everything in this world are not real and are only copies min the
real in the world of forms. Plato said that there are only two realities: The world of forms and the world
of matter. When you try to see yourself in the mirror, you normally say and think that you are looking at
yourself- that is, you are the person who slept last night and you are the same person looking at yourself
now. Despite the occasional changes like a new pimple that grows on you nose.
Two worlds are the world of forms and world of matter. Things are changing and impermanent
in the world of matter. In the world of forms are the only real entities. Entities are only copies of the
ideal and the models. Things are red in this world because they participate in what it means to be red in
the world of forms.
Aristotle however said that human beings are potentialities who aspire for their actuality.
Every action that emanates from a human being is a function of purpose( telos) that he has, Every
human person aspires for an end the happiness or human flourishing. For example a girl tries or aspires
to finish her degree in the university despite the initial failures she had, she is propelled by a higher
purpose to graduate. She even earns something more maybe to have license and land a promising job in
the future.
No individual resist for happiness. Aristotle said that happiness is the be all and end all
everything that we do. We do not realize it but the end goal of what we do is happiness. Despite of the
difficulties and sacrifices that we have, we do this because the grand end is happiness.
Task 3
1. Read the article about the good life according to Aristotle.
2. Write the definition of reality to figure out good life that is happiness. Compare and contrast
using the graphic organizer in figure 2, the chart, below. Choose your answer from the box
below in order to fill in the graphic organizer.You can reach more of Aristotle’s philosophy at
https://reasonandmeaning.com/2013/12/19/aristotle-on-the-good-and-meaningful-life/
Figure 2. Reality Chart
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World of forms world of matter Aristotle Plato
Actuality Potentiality
Task 4
Do it! : Make a timeline of various gadgets made as a result of human pace to achieve the
convenience in life. You may visit https://weburbanist.com/2009/01/08/the-evolution-of-10-
essential-gadgets-technologies/ for your additional references.
Activity 3: “Puzzle Me In”
For Aristotle ( figure 3) , the most notable of the metaphysical philosophers, happiness is
the highest desire and ambition of all human
beings. In his opinion, the way to reach it is
through virtue. In other words, if one cultivates
within oneself the highest virtues, he or she will
reach happiness. Epicurus was a Greek
philosopher who contradicted metaphysical
philosophers. In contrast to their beliefs, he did
not believe that happiness came only from the
spiritual world, but rather that it also had a great
deal to do with more earthly dimensions. In fact,
Epicurus founded a school of thought called
Figure 3. Aristotle
Epicureanism, and actually had his own school which he
called “The Garden.” Many interesting ideas and
conclusions come from Epicureanism. In figure 2 is a a statue as a school of thought of
Aristotle. You can explore other school of thought through
https://exploringyourmind.com/happiness-according-5-famous-philosophers/.
Task 5
fill-in the box with appropriate letters of a crossword puzzle.
There are questions and descriptions in every direction.
One direction is horizontal while the other is vertical. The possible answers are found
inside the box below.
Horizontal:
1. Matter is what makes us attain happiness. According to Democritus, the world is controlled and
made up of tiny indivisible matter including human being, thus, atomos simply comes together
to form the things in the world.
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2. Epicurus, led the school of thought that led happiness “apatheia” as the original term which
means “ indifferent”. Stoics espoused the idea that to be happy one must learn to be apathetic.
The moment we realize things that are not within our control the happier we can be.
3. The belief and reality is based on the supernatural heaven and center to the supreme being.
God is waiting to our ultimate return.
Vertical
4. Life is limited, and the hedonists prioritize pleasure. The mantra of this school of thought and
famous “ eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die”. It is led by Epicurus and does not buy
any notion after life.
5. Another school of thought espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny without the
control of God. Scientists developed technology to make life easier. This is the Good life.
Scientists are willing to tampered time and space in the name of technology. Smartphones and
internet made this possible.
Hedonism Stoicism Materialism
Theism humanism
2.3 When Technology and Humanity Cross
Robotics and humanity
Another great product of the innovative minds of the people is the robot. Robots are now
widely used. For example, there are so called service robots. These particular robots do specific tasks
but focus mainly in assisting their masters in their everyday tasks. The international Federation of
Robotics (IFR) abd United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE) made it their task to
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formulate a working definition for service robots. A preliminary extract of the relevant definitions is(IFR,
2012):
A service robot is a robot that performs useful tasks for humans or equipment excluding
industrial automation application. Note: a robot may be classified according to its intended application
as an industrial robot or a service robot.
A personal service robot or a service robot for personal use is a service robot used for a
noncommercial tasks, usually by laypersons. Examples are domestic servant robot, automated
wheelchair, personal mobility assist robot, and pet exercising robot.
A professional service robot or a service robot for professional use is a service robot used for
commercial task, usually operated by a properly trained operator. Examples are cleaning robot for
public places, delivery robot in offices or hospitals, firefighting robot, surgery robot in hospitals and
rehabilitation robot. In this context, an operator is a person designated to start, monitor and stop the
intended operation of a robot or a robot system.
Task 6
Strategy: group activity-collaborative work
1. Read the meaning and characteristics of a robot. Carefully make journal on each definitions and
examples.(1 5 mins)
2. Answer the guide questions below after the activity on journal making, particularly the note
taking activity.
3. Follow the formal below in a 1 whole sheet of paper:
Q1: What is a robot?
Q2: What is a service robot?
Q3: Differentiate personal service robot from a professional service robot
Q4: Give example of personal service robot from a professional service robot
( write your own title of your reading) 1 inch
( write your five questions about robot)
( write your answer in every
question)
( Conclusion) 2 inches
1 inch
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Task 7
Essay:
In the movie entitled “terminator : The Dark Fate” movie to enrich the Group Discussion, which
side do you prefer, robots are significant or not necessary in human lives?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lr16IFRHwE
SELF-EVALUATION:
1. What is the meaning of a good life according to Aristotle? Explain actuality versus potentiality
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.
2. How world of forms and world of matter differ?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________.
3. What is world of entities?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________.
4. What is a service robot?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.
5. How robot becomes significant in the modern times?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________.
REVIEW OF CONCEPTS:
Domestic servant robot pertains to service robot for professional use, except.
A personal service robot or a service robot for personal use is a service robot used for a
noncommercial tasks, usually by laypersons. Examples are domestic servant robot, automated
wheelchair, personal mobility assist robot, and pet exercising robot.
Plato said that there are only two realities: The world of forms and the world of matter.
Aristotle said that human beings are potentialities who aspire for their actuality. Every action
that emanates from a human being is a function of purpose( telos) that he has.
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Hypothesis. This is a sort of educated guess about what you expect. It is a statement used to
predict the outcome of an experiment.
Experimentation is a step to test your hypothesis.
Conclusion is a statement whether to accept or reject the hypothesis
Stoicism. Epicurus, led the school of thought that led happiness “apatheia” as the original term
which means “ indifferent”.
Theism. The belief and reality is based on the supernatural heaven and center to the supreme
being.
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Pre Test Appendix 1
For 1-3, the steps in scientific method that is appropriate in each item.
I. Observation IV. Problem formulation
II. Hypothesis V. Experimentation
III. Conclusion VI. Communicate the result
1. A Biologist is surprised to the algal bloom in the lake Mainit in a certain period of time.
What step in scientific method this refers to?
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. IV only
2. When a “malunggay” plant extract is used to treat the problem of algal bloom in the lake
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. V only
3. The biologist is now thinking a particular plant that might help to solve the algal bloom
problem
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. IV only
4. Which is not considered to include in the school of thought of materialsm?
A. I believe in God
B. I possess the treasure that give me happiness
C. I am merry every day of my life
D. The power and material I have is enough for me
5. Which situation is NOT considered to belong in the school of thought of hedonism?
A. I love to eat
B. I love to drink
C. I want to be merry every day
D. I want to change my body orientation
6. This school of thought belong to humanism , except.
A. I carve my own destiny
B. Smartphones tampered the space and time because I control these( time and space)
C. A male wanted to implant breast in his own chest though the modern technology
D. I am happy when I drink and enjoy things from the nature.
7. The following idea belong to theism , except.
A. There is God in heaven
B. I believe in the universe
C. I believe heaven after death
D. The real happiness is after death
8. The following robots pertaining to service robot for professional use, except
A. Fire fighting robot C. domestic servant robot
B. Rehabilitation robot D. Surgery robot
9. Which of the following is an example of personal robot?
A. Automated wheelchair C. cleaning robot for public places
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B. Rehabilitation robot D. Surgery robot
10. When bumble bee see the oldman, bumble tries not to harm the person it just
encountered due to what law of robotics?
A. Law 1 C. Law 2
B. Law 3 D. Law 4
11. When bumble bee was task to destroy the building alone without the presence of
animate object.what law of robotics does it follow?
A. Law 1 C. Law 2
B. Law 3 D. Law 4
12. The military realize how important to be not using robots because of viral infections to
the system. They tried to destroy bumble bee. What law will bumble bee do in order not
to break the program in its system?
A. Destroy also the military
B. Destroy the potential enemy
C. Run and avoid human damage and follow still the orders
Run and kill the military as well as not to follow the orders anymore
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Post Test Appendix 2
For 1-3, the steps in scientific method that is appropriate in each item.
IV. Observation IV. Problem formulation
V. Hypothesis V. Experimentation
VI. Conclusion VI. Communicate the result
1. A Biologist is surprised to the algal bloom in the lake Mainit in a certain period of time.
What step in scientific method this refers to?
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. IV only
2. When a “malunggay” plant extract is used to treat the problem of algal bloom in the lake
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. V only
3. The biologist is now thinking a particular plant that might help to solve the algal bloom
problem
A. I only C. II only
B. III only D. IV only
4. Which is not considered to include in the school of thought of materialsm?
E. I believe in God
F. I possess the treasure that give me happiness
G. I am merry every day of my life
H. The power and material I have is enough for me
5. Which situation is NOT considered to belong in the school of thought of hedonism?
E. I love to eat
F. I love to drink
G. I want to be merry every day
H. I want to change my body orientation
6. This school of thought belong to humanism , except.
E. I carve my own destiny
F. Smartphones tampered the space and time because I control these( time and space)
G. A male wanted to implant breast in his own chest though the modern technology
H. I am happy when I drink and enjoy things from the nature.
7. The following idea belong to theism , except.
E. There is God in heaven
F. I believe in the universe
G. I believe heaven after death
H. The real happiness is after death
8. The following robots pertaining to service robot for professional use, except
C. Fire fighting robot C. domestic servant robot
D. Rehabilitation robot D. Surgery robot
9. Which of the following is an example of personal robot?
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B. Automated wheelchair C. cleaning robot for public places
B. Rehabilitation robot D. Surgery robot
10. When bumble bee see the oldman, bumble tries not to harm the person it just
encountered due to what law of robotics?
C. Law 1 C. Law 2
D. Law 3 D. Law 4
11. When bumble bee was task to destroy the building alone without the presence of
animate object.what law of robotics does it follow?
A. Law 1 C. Law 2
B. Law 3 D. Law 4
12. The military realize how important to be not using robots because of viral infections to
the system. They tried to destroy bumble bee. What law will bumble bee do in order not
to break the program in its system?
D. Destroy also the military
E. Destroy the potential enemy
F. Run and avoid human damage and follow still the orders
Run and kill the military as well as not to follow the orders anymore
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REFERENCES:
Padilla, CG. (2015). Science Philippines. Essay on Science by Filipino Vol. III. Quezon City:
University of the Phils., Press.
Serafica, JPS, Pawilen, GT, Caslib, BN, Alata, EJP. (2018). Science, Technology, and Society.
. First Edition. Rex Books Store, Inc., Manila, Phils
https://weburbanist.com/2009/01/08/the-evolution-of-10-essential-gadgets-technologies/
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
https://reasonandmeaning.com/2013/12/19/aristotle-on-the-good-and-meaningful-life/
https://exploringyourmind.com/happiness-according-5-famous-philosophers/
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