República Bolivariana De Venezuela
Ministerio Del Poder Popular Para la Educación.
Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Superior de
Oriente.
Linguistic.
Bachiller:
Mayerling Diaz. C.I: 21.515.096
Miguel Trejo. C.I: 25.852.282
Barcelona, mayo de 2015.
Linguistic
Linguistics is the science of language as a means
of human communication in their codes and
symbols system, using different languages, their
commonalities and their evolution. Preceded
oral language to written language, and the
appearance of it, thereby revolutionized the
culture by the ability to document the facts that
originated the History.
Sciences related to linguistic
Psycholinguistics
It is the science that aims to linguistic structure,
whose conversations allow the construction of
messages
Sociolinguistics
It is a science, which describes the role of
language in relations between individuals in a
community
Neuro
It is the science that studies the obituaries basis
of development and use of language in human
beings, especially the brain's control over
processes and understanding speech
Ethnolinguistics
It is the science of language, regarding the types
and behavior of a particular ethnic language
community, with particular reference to the
form of social interaction
Antropolinguistica
It is the science that studies the variation and the
use of language in relation to the cultural norms
and beliefs of the human race
Applied Linguistics
This term is used in a specific way, referring the
field of learning and teaching foreign languages
Biological language
It is a science that studies the biological
development and use of language in humans
conditions.
Theological language
It is a study of the language used by biblical
scholars, theologians, and others involved in the
archaeological and historical investigations in
the context of the Bible and Christianity
Importance of linguistics.
Linguistics is the most importance tool ever
invented. It distinguishes us from other
creatures, provides a medium to think
effectively, communicate interpersonally and
collaborate with other people in our society.
Areas of study of linguistics.
✓ Phonetics: studies speech sounds, including
pruction of speech, that is how speech sounds
are actually made: articulatory pronetics;
transmission and receipt of speech: acoustic
phonetics; and perception of the transmitted
sound by human brain: auditory phonetics. An
example of phonetics is how the letter "b" in the
word "bed" is spoken - you start out with your
lips together. Then, air from your lungs is forced
over your vocal chords, which begin to vibrate
and make noise. The air then escapes through
your lips as they part suddenly, which results in a
"b" sound.
✓ Phonology: studies the sound system of
languages. Distinctive sounds within a language,
nature of sounds systems across the languages.
The phoneme is the amallest segmental unit of
sound employed to form meaningful contrasts
between utterances. An example of phonology
is the study of the movements the body goes
through in order to create sounds - such as the
pronounciation of the letter "t" in "bet," where
the vocal chords stop vibrating causing the "t"
sound to be a result of the placement of the
tongue behind the teeth and the flow of air.
✓ Morphology: studies the formation of words
from smaller units called morphemes. The
morpheme is a minimal meaningful language
unit.
✓ Syntax: rules that govern the formation of
sentences from words. Syntactics phrases
include:
o Noun phrase: a tall man, the bus
o Verb phrase: roam around, hit the ball
o Prepositional phrase: in the class, at the club
o Adjective phrase: very good, nice girl
Examples:
▪ Agreement: She is a person. Versus She am a
person.
▪ Case: He took me to the restaurant. Versus He
took I to the restaurant.
▪ Reflexive pronouns: I bought myself a new
shirt. Versus I bought my a new shirt.
▪ Word order: We ate fish for dinner. Versus For
dinner ate we fish.
✓ Grammar: is the syntax of a language deals
with the grammatical structure of a language.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our
ability to express ourselves.
✓ Semantics: is the study of language meaning.
Concerned with not only the meaning of words,
but also that of morphemes and of sentences.
For example, Crash can mean auto accident, a
drop in the Stock Market, to attend a party
without being invited, ocean waves hitting the
shore or the sound of a cymbals being struck
together.
✓ Pragmatics: is the study of meaning in
context. How language is used to communicate
rather than how it is internally structure.
