Copyright 1998 Wagner B. Beskow Handy Sheet 3.
0
W.B.Beskow@massey.ac.nz DESIGNED FOR FLIGHT SIMULATION
FREEWARE
L A N D I N G
Glide Slope
50 ft (AGL) Over
NM Feet RWY Threshold
15 4780
14 4460 Aircraft Final Approach Short Final Touchdown
13 4140 A 1.4 x VSO 1.4 x VSO VREF
12 3820 B-D VREF + 20 kts VREF + 10 kts VREF
11 3500 Aircraft A: VREF < 91 kts; Aircraft B, C or D: VREF > 91 kts (For Detailed Aircraft Landing Categories see Table in "Procedure Turn" below)
10 3180
9 2870 Rules of Thumb Mai n V Spe e ds (kts IAS)
8 2550 (a) TOD (Top of Descent) = 3 x (Current Altitude - Airport Elevation) (e.g. 3 x V1 takeoff decision speed
39,000ft - 1,500ft elev = 113nm from airport). Use (b) to set the appropriate VR rotate speed
7 2230 vertical speed based on TAS. Add 10% for unexpected tail wind.
V2 takeoff safety speed
6 1910 (b) Descent Rate (for 3o glide slope) = 5 x TAS (e.g. 5 x 400KTAS = 1200ft/min).
VS stall speed (clean)
(c) Descent Altitude Check = glide slope angle x 100 x Distance from RWY in nm
5 1590 (e.g. 3 x 100ft x 10nm = 3,000ft). For 4 o, 400 x Distance; for 5 o, 500 x D etc.
VSO stall speed (landing configuration)
VREF landing reference speed (1.3 x VSO)
4 1270 (d) TAS = [(IAS x 2%) x (ALT/1,000ft)] + IAS. So, if IAS=300 and ALT=20,000:
VMC minimum control speed
300 x 0.02 x 20 + 300 = 420 kts TAS.
3 960 (e) Bank Angle for Std Turns (i.e. Props 3o/s or 360o in 2 min; Jets 1.5o/s or 360o in 4
2 640 min). Props: BA = (TAS / 10) +7; Jets: BA = (TAS / 10) x 0.75. Airliners: Reciprocal
GMT = Z = UTC
plan BA to be max. 25o for passenger's comfort. N (+) RWY Help
1 320 (d) Rollout Angle = BA / 2. (e.g. current HDG = 090; desired HDG = 270; BA = 30;
W (-) + E (+) 36 ↔ 18
0.5 160 RA = 30 / 2 = 15; so start RA when HDG 285 (i.e. 15o before reaching HDG 270 ).
01 ↔ 19
Thr 50 S (-) 02 ↔ 20
03 ↔ 21
TD 0 GS = TAS - Headwind Comp. or GS = TAS + Tailwind Comp. 04 ↔ 22
o
Standard 3 Glide Slope 05 ↔ 23
Distance from RWY Threshold Set altimeter to 1013hPa/29.92inHg passing through transition level (USA 18,000ft; NZ 11,000up/13,000dwn) 06 ↔ 24
Feet Above Ground Level 07 ↔ 25
08 ↔ 26
MET reports' WINDS are in TRUE North; ATC reported WINDS are MAG North
09 ↔ 27
10 ↔ 28
11 ↔ 29
12 ↔ 30
Don't debug anything on final, GO AROUND !
13 ↔ 31
14 ↔ 32
15 ↔ 33
16 ↔ 34
17 ↔ 35
18 ↔ 36
o o
C F
-60 ↔ -76
-50 ↔ -58
-30 ↔ -22
HEADWIND/TAILWIND AND CROSSWIND COMPONENTS -25 ↔ -13
-20 ↔ -4
riangles: Upper-left shows headwind or tailwind component
-15 ↔ 5
epending on whether the wind is coming from ahead or behind.
-10 ↔ 14
ower-right shows left or right crosswind component also
-5 ↔ 23
epending on wind direction.
0 ↔ 32
5 ↔ 41
A ALPHA .— 10 ↔ 50
B BRAVO —. .. 15 ↔ 59
C CHARLIE — .— . 20 ↔ 68
D DELTA —.. 25 ↔ 77
E ECHO . 30 ↔ 86
F FOXTROT ..— . 35 ↔ 95
G GOLF — —.
H HOTEL ....
40 ↔ 104
I INDIA .. 50 ↔ 122
J JULIET . —— —
K KILO — .—
L LIMA .—.
M MIKE CONVERSIONS
early is better than a
— —
N NOVEMBER .
big correction late
—
A small correction
O OSCAR — — —
P PAPA .— —. 1 ft = 0.305 m
Q QUEBEC —— .— 1 kts = 1 NM / hour
R ROMEO . —. 1 NM = 1.1516 SM = 1.853 km
S SIERRA ... 1 SM = 0.8683 NM = 1.609 km
T TANGO —
U UNIFORM ..—
V VICTOR ...— Air Pressure
W WISKEY . —— inHg hPa
X XRAY —. . — 33.86
Y YANKEE — . ——
Z ZULU —— . . (follow multiply, back divide)
