17.
8 relative clause part 2
Clauses with whose, whom and where.
[00:00:03] I just showed you that we use who and that when a person is the subject or object of
the relative clause.
[00:00:10] Like, he is the guy who or that travels a lot.
[00:00:14] Now, you will learn how to use whose instead of the possessive adjectives like his her
and their.
[00:00:21] For example, he is the guy whose travels sound very interesting.
[00:00:25] As well the formal use of whom and how to use where when talking about locations.
[00:00:31] First of all whose is only showing possession for people and sometimes animals if
we're giving them human characteristics. Whose replaces the possessive adjectives, his her and
their in relative clauses. And here are your examples.
[00:00:46] That's the girl. I borrowed her book.
[00:00:48] This becomes, that's the girl whose book I borrowed.
[00:00:52] In the relative clause the possessive adjective disappears and is replaced by whose.
[00:00:58] There was a show about a dog. His barking sounded like a human speaking.
[00:01:03] This becomes, there was a show about a dog whose barking sounded like a human
speaking.
[00:01:10] A dog barks. It's how it communicates, and barking is the noun. And because I'm
characterizing the dog as a human, I can use whose if I want.
[00:01:19] I met a family at the airport. Their flight was canceled.
[00:01:24] I met a family at the airport whose flight was canceled.
[00:01:27] What flight was cancelled? Their flight! But in a relative clause, their becomes whose.
[00:01:33] Whom.
[00:01:33] Like I mentioned in the last lecture, whom is very formal and is completely removed
from everyday spoken English. And like I also told you, I never use it. It's just too formal. Instead,
I use who. But you'll likely need it for a test and you might see it in reading or listen to it. I
already told you that we can use it with prepositions, but that in everyday English, prepositions
usually come at the end of the clause. Here's another example.
[00:01:59] This is the man. I was telling you about him.
[00:02:01] Regular English: this is the man who I was telling you about.
[00:02:05] And since the man is the object, who is also our object. So I can choose to use who or
not.
[00:02:12] That results in: this is the man I was telling you about, or this is the man who I was
telling you about.
[00:02:17] Very formal English.
[00:02:19] This is the man about whom I was telling you.
[00:02:21] Notice that the preposition about goes in front of whom instead of going at the end
of the sentence. And here's whom without a preposition.
[00:02:29] Tia is a person. I like her .
[00:02:31] Tia is a person whom I like.
[00:02:34] Where.
[00:02:34] We use where in the relative clause to add descriptions to locations and places.Here
are some examples.
[00:02:41] We went to a park. There was a swimming pool.
[00:02:46] We went to a park where there was a swimming pool.
[00:02:49] Where refers to the park and joins our modifying clause, our description. There was a
swimming pool.
[00:02:56] This is the city. I grew up here.
[00:03:00] This is the city where I grew up.
[00:03:03] What is special about this city? What are we saying about it? We use where to
explain that this is the location of my birth. It's where I was raised.
[00:03:13] When.
[00:03:13] When works similarly to where but is used with dates and times, specifically a noun
phrase that usually starts with a definite article.
[00:03:21] Like, the years when economic growth was high.
[00:03:24] The hour when most people get off of work.
[00:03:27] But can also be indefinite.
[00:03:28] A time when you can relax.
[00:03:30] A day when things get busy.
[00:03:31] There is a festival. The day it takes place is Saturday.
[00:03:35] The day when the festival takes place is Saturday.
[00:03:38] One day a month we have a pep rally at school. We don't have classes.
[00:03:42] It's a day when we don't have classes.
