Country Risk Premiums
To estimate the equity risk premium for a country, I start with a mature market premium and add an additional cou
Use the look up table in the next worksheet, to look up the statistics for an individual country or region.
Step 1: Estimating mature market risk premium
To estimate the mature market risk premium, I compute the implied equity risk premium for the S&P 500. To see th
Link to site:          http://www.damodaran.com
Historical monthly ERP:https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pc/implprem/ERPbymonth.xls
Step 2: Estimate the default spread for the country in question. I offer two choices, one based upon the local curre
Moody's ratings:       http://www.moodys.com    (You will have to register, but it is free. Look under sovereign ratings)
Ratings to spreads:    Based upon my estimates of typical spreads for each ratings class. I compute these by averag
CDS spreads:           Bloomberg
If you cannot find a country on this list, it is because that country does not have a sovereign rating or a sovereign CD
Step 3: Convert the default spread into a country risk premium
With sovereign ratings default spreads, you have two choices:
Choice 1: Use the default spread as the measure of the additional country risk premium. To make this choice, go int
Choice 2: Scale the default spread up to reflect the higher risk of equity in the market, relative to the default spread
With CDS spreads, I compute the base number in two steps
Substep 1: Since the base equity premium is computed for the US, and the US has a CDS spread, I subtracted out th
For simplicity (and since it does not make a big difference), I assume that any country that has a CDS spread lower t
Substep 2: I apply the scaling factor that you chose for the default spreads to this number to get a country risk prem
prefer not to scale the default spread.
Step 4: Compute a total equity risk premium
Add the mature market premium from step 1 to the country risk premium from step 3 to get a total equity risk prem
Step 5: Compute regional averages and regional weighted averages
For the regional averages, I use a simple average of the total and country risk premiums by region
For the weighted averages, I use the World Bank GDP estimates from the most recent year. https://data.worldbank.org/ind
If you are interested in a fuller explanation of these concepts, try these references:
My paper on equity risk premiums:                      https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4398884
My paper on country risk premiums:                     https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4509578
Watch my lectures on country risk premiums:            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIRPvY2SQ94
                                                       https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3IGn6tH03c
nd add an additional country risk premium, based upon the risk of the country in question.
ry or region.
or the S&P 500. To see the latest estimate for this number, go to my website and you can download the excel spreadsheet cont
sed upon the local currency sovereign rating for the country from Moody's and the other is the CDS spread for the country (if
er sovereign ratings)
ompute these by averaging CDS spreads and sovereign US$ bond spreads by ratings class, at the start of every year.
rating or a sovereign CDS spread. Try the PRS worksheet in this spreadsheet for an alternate estimate.
 make this choice, go into the ERP worksheet and set cell E5 to 1.00.
 ve to the default spread. I used the ratio of the S&P Emerging Market Equity Index std deviation to the iShares Emerging Marke
 ead, I subtracted out the US CDS spread from the CDS for other markets.
 as a CDS spread lower than the US will have a zero country risk premium and end up with a total equity risk premium equal to
o get a country risk premium. The default scaling is set at the my most recent year's estimate, but you can change it to 1, if you
et a total equity risk premium.
  https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
=4398884
 IRPvY2SQ94
D3IGn6tH03c
he excel spreadsheet containing the implied premium
 spread for the country (if one exists)
t of every year.
he iShares Emerging Market Bond Index standard deviation
uity risk premium equal to the US.
u can change it to 1, if you would
Mature Marlet Premiu
Sovereign Ratings
Default Spreads
Relative Equity Market
Bottom Line
                                  Update Notes
The implied equity risk premium for the S&P 500, which is my
base premium dropped to 5% in this update. You can review
the calcualtion in this spreadsheet.
(https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pc/implprem/ERPJuly2
3.xlsx)
The ratings (Moody's and S&P) have been updated to reflect the most recent ratings.
(See Ratings Worksheet)
The default spreads have dropped as some of the market fears from the start of 2023
have subsdied. The change in default spredas is computed by looking at percentage
changes in sovereign CDS spreads over the period>. (See Default Spreads for
Ratings worksheet)
The biggest change in this update is in this measure. For the last few years, I have
used the coefficient of variation in emerging market bond yields and the standard
deviation of returns in emerging market equities. In this iteration, I have replaced the
former with an emerging market sovereign bond ETF returns, thus creating more
consistency in the calcuatlions. Whiel this change does not create a substantive shift
in the numbers in this iteration, I think it is a more solid basis for computing this
value in future ones.
The combination of a lower base mature market premium and lower sovereign
default spreads has led to lower equity risk premiums across the board, a climb down
from historically high numbers at the start of the year.
To look up the equity risk premium for a country, use this worksheet
Country                           Angola                                 If you cannot find a country on this list, it is because that country doe
                                                                         or a sovereign CDS spread. Try the PRS worksheet in this spreadshee
Moody's sovereign rating                   B3                Local currency
S&P sovereign rating                       B-                Local currency
CDS spread                               7.82%
Excess CDS spread (over US CDS)          7.24%
Country Default Spread (based on          7.08%
Country Risk Premium (Rating)             9.51%
Equity Risk Premium (Rating)             14.11%
Country Risk Premium (CDS)                9.72%
Equity Risk Premium (CDS)                14.32%
To look up the equity risk premium for a region, use this worksheet
Region                            Asia
Country Risk Premium (simple av                     5.66%
Total Equity Risk Premium (simpl                    10.26%
Country Risk Premium (GDP weig                      1.68%
Total Equity Risk Premium (GDP                      6.28%
To construct your own regional ERP, use the data on GDP and ERP for countries in the Regional Weighted Averages
For countries not on the list above, try this frontier market list
Country                           Zimbabwe
PRS Score                                  57.50
ERP based on PRS Score                     17.77%
t, it is because that country does not have a sovereign rating
RS worksheet in this spreadsheet for an alternate estimate.
nal Weighted Averages Worksheet
Country and Equity Risk Premiums
Date of update:                                        1-Jan-24
Enter the current risk premium for a mature equity market                                                                          4.60%
Do you want to adjust the country default spread for the additional volatility of the equity market to get to a country premium?    Yes
If yes, enter the multiplier to use on the default spread (See worksheet for volatility numbers for selected emerging markets)      1.34
Country                                      Africa                                Moody's rating Rating-based Default Spread
                                                                                                                         Total Equity Risk Premium
Abu Dhabi                                    Middle East                               Aa2                   0.54%                 5.32%
Albania                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                   B1                    4.90%                11.18%
Andorra (Principality of)                    Western Europe                           Baa2                   2.07%                 7.38%
Angola                                       Africa                                    B3                    7.08%                14.11%
Argentina                                    Central and South America                 Ca                   13.07%                22.15%
Armenia                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                   Ba3                   3.92%                 9.86%
Aruba                                        Caribbean                                Baa2                   2.07%                 7.38%
Australia                                    Australia & New Zealand                   Aaa                   0.00%                 4.60%
Austria                                      Western Europe                            Aa1                   0.44%                 5.18%
Azerbaijan                                   Eastern Europe & Russia                   Ba1                   2.73%                 8.26%
Bahamas                                      Caribbean                                 B1                    4.90%                11.18%
Bahrain                                      Middle East                               B2                    5.99%                12.64%
Bangladesh                                   Asia                                      B1                    4.90%                11.18%
Barbados                                     Caribbean                                 B3                    7.08%                14.11%
Belarus                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                    C                   17.50%                28.09%
Belgium                                      Western Europe                            Aa3                   0.65%                 5.48%
Belize                                       Central and South America                Caa2                   9.81%                17.77%
Benin                                        Africa                                    B1                    4.90%                11.18%
Bermuda                                      Caribbean                                 A2                    0.92%                 5.84%
Bolivia                                      Central and South America                Caa1                   8.17%                15.57%
Bosnia and Herzegovina                       Eastern Europe & Russia                   B3                    7.08%                14.11%
Botswana                                     Africa                                    A3                    1.31%                 6.35%
Brazil                                       Central and South America                 Ba2                   3.28%                 9.00%
Bulgaria                       Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa1    1.74%    6.94%
Burkina Faso                   Africa                      Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Cambodia                       Asia                         B2     5.99%   12.64%
Cameroon                       Africa                      Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Canada                         North America               Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Cape Verde                     Africa                       B3     7.08%   14.11%
Cayman Islands                 Caribbean                   Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Chile                          Central and South America    A2     0.92%    5.84%
China                          Asia                         A1     0.77%    5.63%
Colombia                       Central and South America   Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Congo (Democratic Republic of) Africa                       B3     7.08%   14.11%
Congo (Republic of)            Africa                      Caa2    9.81%   17.77%
Cook Islands                   Australia & New Zealand      B1     4.90%   11.18%
Costa Rica                     Central and South America    B1     4.90%   11.18%
Côte d'Ivoire                  Africa                      Ba3     3.92%    9.86%
Croatia                        Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Cuba                           Caribbean                    Ca    13.07%   22.15%
Curacao                        Caribbean                   Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Cyprus                         Western Europe              Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Czech Republic                 Eastern Europe & Russia     Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Denmark                        Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Dominican Republic             Caribbean                   Ba3     3.92%    9.86%
Ecuador                        Central and South America   Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Egypt                          Africa                      Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
El Salvador                    Central and South America   Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Estonia                        Eastern Europe & Russia      A1     0.77%    5.63%
Ethiopia                       Africa                      Caa2    9.81%   17.77%
Fiji                           Asia                         B1     4.90%   11.18%
Finland                        Western Europe              Aa1     0.44%    5.18%
France                 Western Europe              Aa2     0.54%    5.32%
Gabon                  Africa                      Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Georgia                Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba2     3.28%    9.00%
Germany                Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Ghana                  Africa                      Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Greece                 Western Europe              Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Guatemala              Central and South America   Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Guernsey (States of)   Western Europe               A1     0.77%    5.63%
Honduras               Central and South America    B1     4.90%   11.18%
Hong Kong              Asia                        Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Hungary                Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Iceland                Western Europe               A2     0.92%    5.84%
India                  Asia                        Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Indonesia              Asia                        Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Iraq                   Middle East                 Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Ireland                Western Europe              Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Isle of Man            Western Europe              Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Israel                 Middle East                  A1     0.77%    5.63%
Italy                  Western Europe              Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Jamaica                Caribbean                    B1     4.90%   11.18%
Japan                  Asia                         A1     0.77%    5.63%
Jersey (States of)     Western Europe              Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Jordan                 Middle East                  B1     4.90%   11.18%
Kazakhstan             Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Kenya                  Africa                       B3     7.08%   14.11%
Korea                  Asia                        Aa2     0.54%    5.32%
Kuwait                 Middle East                  A1     0.77%    5.63%
Kyrgyzstan             Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     7.08%   14.11%
Laos                   Asia                        Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Latvia          Eastern Europe & Russia      A3     1.31%    6.35%
Lebanon         Middle East                  C     17.50%   28.09%
Liechtenstein   Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Lithuania       Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.92%    5.84%
Luxembourg      Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Macao           Asia                        Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Macedonia       Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba3     3.92%    9.86%
Malaysia        Asia                         A3     1.31%    6.35%
Maldives        Asia                        Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Mali            Africa                      Caa2    9.81%   17.77%
Malta           Western Europe               A2     0.92%    5.84%
Mauritius       Africa                      Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Mexico          Central and South America   Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Moldova         Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     7.08%   14.11%
Mongolia        Asia                         B3     7.08%   14.11%
Montenegro      Eastern Europe & Russia      B1     4.90%   11.18%
Montserrat      Caribbean                   Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Morocco         Africa                      Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Mozambique      Africa                      Caa2    9.81%   17.77%
Namibia         Africa                       B1     4.90%   11.18%
Netherlands     Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
New Zealand     Australia & New Zealand     Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Nicaragua       Central and South America    B3     7.08%   14.11%
Niger           Africa                      Caa2    9.81%   17.77%
Nigeria         Africa                      Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
Norway          Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Oman            Middle East                 Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Pakistan        Asia                        Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Panama          Central and South America   Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Papua New Guinea               Asia                         B2     5.99%   12.64%
Paraguay                       Central and South America   Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Peru                           Central and South America   Baa1    1.74%    6.94%
Philippines                    Asia                        Baa2    2.07%    7.38%
Poland                         Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.92%    5.84%
Portugal                       Western Europe               A3     1.31%    6.35%
Qatar                          Middle East                 Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)    Middle East                  A3     1.31%    6.35%
Romania                        Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa3    2.39%    7.81%
Rwanda                         Africa                       B2     5.99%   12.64%
Saudi Arabia                   Middle East                  A1     0.77%    5.63%
Senegal                        Africa                      Ba3     3.92%    9.86%
Serbia                         Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba2     3.28%    9.00%
Sharjah                        Middle East                 Ba1     2.73%    8.26%
Singapore                      Asia                        Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Slovakia                       Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.92%    5.84%
Slovenia                       Eastern Europe & Russia      A3     1.31%    6.35%
Solomon Islands                Asia                        Caa1    8.17%   15.57%
South Africa                   Africa                      Ba2     3.28%    9.00%
Spain                          Western Europe              Baa1    1.74%    6.94%
Sri Lanka                      Asia                         Ca    13.07%   22.15%
St. Maarten                    Caribbean                   Ba2     3.28%    9.00%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   Caribbean                    B3     7.08%   14.11%
Suriname                       Central and South America   Caa3   10.90%   19.23%
Swaziland                      Africa                       B3     7.08%   14.11%
Sweden                         Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Switzerland                    Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%    4.60%
Taiwan                         Asia                        Aa3     0.65%    5.48%
Tajikistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     7.08%   14.11%
Tanzania                   Africa                             B2                   5.99%     12.64%
Thailand                   Asia                             Baa1                   1.74%      6.94%
Togo                       Africa                             B3                   7.08%     14.11%
Trinidad and Tobago        Caribbean                         Ba2                   3.28%      9.00%
Tunisia                    Africa                           Caa2                   9.81%     17.77%
Turkey                     Western Europe                     B3                   7.08%     14.11%
Turks and Caicos Islands   Caribbean                        Baa1                   1.74%      6.94%
Uganda                     Africa                             B2                   5.99%     12.64%
Ukraine                    Eastern Europe & Russia            Ca                  13.07%     22.15%
United Arab Emirates       Middle East                       Aa2                   0.54%      5.32%
United Kingdom             Western Europe                    Aa3                   0.65%      5.48%
United States              North America                     Aaa                   0.00%      4.60%
Uruguay                    Central and South America        Baa2                   2.07%      7.38%
Uzbekistan                 Eastern Europe & Russia           Ba3                   3.92%      9.86%
Venezuela                  Central and South America          C                   17.50%     28.09%
Vietnam                    Asia                              Ba2                   3.28%      9.00%
Zambia                     Africa                           Caa3                  10.90%     19.23%
                                        Frontier Markets (no sovereign ratings)
Country                    PRS Composite Risk Score         ERP                    CRP     Default Spread
Algeria                              67.75                11.18%                  6.58%      4.90%
Brunei                                81.5                5.48%                   0.88%      0.65%
Gambia                               66.75                11.18%                  6.58%      4.90%
Guinea                                 60                 17.77%                  13.17%     9.81%
Guinea-Bissau                        65.25                12.64%                  8.04%      5.99%
Guyana                               75.25                6.94%                   2.34%      1.74%
Haiti                                 56.5                19.23%                  14.63%     10.90%
Iran                                   63                 14.11%                  9.51%      7.08%
Korea, D.P.R.                        49.25                28.09%                  23.49%     17.50%
Liberia                                55                 22.15%                  17.55%     13.07%
Libya             73.75              7.38%                  2.78%    2.07%
Madagascar        62.75              14.11%                 9.51%    7.08%
Malawi            52.75              22.15%                 17.55%   13.07%
Myanmar             57               19.23%                 14.63%   10.90%
Russia            66.75              11.18%                 6.58%    4.90%
Sierra Leone      56.25              19.23%                 14.63%   10.90%
Somalia           51.75              22.15%                 17.55%   13.07%
Sudan             44.75              28.09%                 23.49%   17.50%
Syria               45               28.09%                 23.49%   17.50%
Yemen, Republic   55.75              19.23%                 14.63%   10.90%
Zimbabwe           57.5              17.77%                 13.17%   9.81%
                  Rating   Default spread in basis points
                    A1                  77
                    A2                  92
                    A3                  131
                   Aa1                  44
                   Aa2                  54
                   Aa3                  65
                   Aaa                   0
                    B1                  490
                    B2                  599
                    B3                  708
                   Ba1                  273
                   Ba2                  328
                   Ba3                  392
                   Baa1                 174
                   Baa2                 207
                   Baa3                 239
                    C                  1750
                    Ca                 1307
                   Caa1                 817
                   Caa2                 981
Caa3   1090
 NR     NA
                    Sovereign CDS, net
Country Risk Premium      of US      Total Equity Risk Premium2
                                                            Country Risk Premium3
                                                                                Has to be sorted in ascending order
       0.72%              0.17%                 4.83%               0.23%         Rating
                                                                                    Default spread in basis points
       6.58%                NA                   NA                  NA             A1             77
       2.78%                NA                   NA                  NA             A2             92
       9.51%              7.24%                14.32%               9.72%           A3             131
       17.55%               NA                   NA                  NA             Aa1            44
       5.26%                NA                   NA                  NA             Aa2            54
       2.78%                NA                   NA                  NA             Aa3            65
       0.00%              0.00%                 4.60%               0.00%           Aaa             0
       0.58%              0.00%                 4.60%               0.00%            B1            490
       3.66%                NA                   NA                  NA              B2            599
       6.58%                NA                   NA                  NA              B3            708
       8.04%              2.16%                 7.50%               2.90%           Ba1            273
       6.58%                NA                   NA                  NA             Ba2            328
       9.51%                NA                   NA                  NA             Ba3            392
       23.49%               NA                   NA                  NA            Baa1            174
       0.88%              0.00%                 4.60%               0.00%          Baa2            207
       13.17%               NA                   NA                  NA            Baa3            239
       6.58%                NA                   NA                  NA              C            1750
       1.24%                NA                   NA                  NA              Ca           1307
       10.97%               NA                   NA                  NA            Caa1            817
       9.51%                NA                   NA                  NA            Caa2            981
       1.75%                NA                   NA                  NA            Caa3           1090
       4.40%              1.81%                 7.03%               2.43%           NR             NA
2.34%    0.89%    5.79%    1.19%
10.97%     NA       NA       NA
8.04%      NA       NA       NA
10.97%   8.56%    16.09%   11.49%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
0.88%      NA       NA       NA
1.24%    0.57%    5.37%    0.77%
1.03%    0.41%    5.15%    0.55%
2.78%    2.16%    7.50%    2.90%
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
13.17%     NA       NA       NA
6.58%      NA       NA       NA
6.58%    2.53%    8.00%    3.40%
5.26%      NA       NA       NA
2.78%    0.76%    5.62%    1.02%
17.55%     NA       NA       NA
3.21%      NA       NA       NA
2.78%    0.53%    5.31%    0.71%
0.88%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
5.26%      NA       NA       NA
14.63%   52.16%   74.62%   70.02%
10.97%   9.55%    17.42%   12.82%
14.63%   7.82%    15.10%   10.50%
1.03%    0.02%    4.63%    0.03%
13.17%   31.73%   47.20%   42.60%
6.58%      NA       NA       NA
0.58%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.72%    0.00%   4.60%    0.00%
10.97%    NA       NA      NA
4.40%     NA       NA      NA
0.00%    0.00%   4.60%    0.00%
14.63%    NA       NA      NA
3.66%    0.70%   5.54%    0.94%
3.66%     NA       NA      NA
1.03%     NA       NA      NA
6.58%     NA       NA      NA
0.88%    0.02%   4.63%    0.03%
2.78%    1.37%   6.44%    1.84%
1.24%    0.30%   5.00%    0.40%
3.21%    0.41%   5.15%    0.55%
2.78%    0.74%   5.59%    0.99%
10.97%   4.56%   10.72%   6.12%
0.88%    0.00%   4.60%    0.00%
0.88%     NA       NA      NA
1.03%    0.99%   5.93%    1.33%
3.21%    0.76%   5.62%    1.02%
6.58%     NA       NA      NA
1.03%    0.00%   4.60%    0.00%
0.88%     NA       NA      NA
6.58%     NA       NA      NA
2.78%    1.18%   6.18%    1.58%
9.51%    6.46%   13.27%   8.67%
0.72%    0.00%   4.60%    0.00%
1.03%    0.25%   4.94%    0.34%
9.51%     NA       NA      NA
14.63%    NA       NA      NA
1.75%    0.36%    5.08%    0.48%
23.49%     NA       NA       NA
0.00%      NA       NA       NA
1.24%    0.32%    5.03%    0.43%
0.00%      NA       NA       NA
0.88%      NA       NA       NA
5.26%      NA       NA       NA
1.75%    0.28%    4.98%    0.38%
10.97%     NA       NA       NA
13.17%     NA       NA       NA
1.24%      NA       NA       NA
3.21%      NA       NA       NA
2.78%    1.10%    6.08%    1.48%
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
6.58%      NA       NA       NA
3.21%      NA       NA       NA
3.66%    1.32%    6.37%    1.77%
13.17%     NA       NA       NA
6.58%      NA       NA       NA
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
9.51%    4.31%    10.39%   5.79%
13.17%     NA       NA       NA
10.97%   5.86%    12.47%   7.87%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
3.66%    1.34%    6.40%    1.80%
14.63%   40.46%   58.92%   54.32%
2.78%    1.73%    6.92%    2.32%
8.04%      NA       NA       NA
3.66%      NA       NA       NA
2.34%    0.79%    5.66%    1.06%
2.78%    0.60%    5.41%    0.81%
1.24%    0.48%    5.24%    0.64%
1.75%    0.17%    4.83%    0.23%
0.88%    0.25%    4.94%    0.34%
1.75%      NA       NA       NA
3.21%    1.73%    6.92%    2.32%
8.04%    4.95%    11.25%   6.65%
1.03%    0.27%    4.96%    0.36%
5.26%    6.31%    13.07%   8.47%
4.40%    2.28%    7.66%    3.06%
3.66%      NA       NA       NA
0.00%      NA       NA       NA
1.24%    0.02%    4.63%    0.03%
1.75%    0.18%    4.84%    0.24%
10.97%     NA       NA       NA
4.40%    2.58%    8.06%    3.46%
2.34%    0.20%    4.87%    0.27%
17.55%   58.78%   83.51%   78.91%
4.40%      NA       NA       NA
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
14.63%     NA       NA       NA
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.88%      NA       NA       NA
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
8.04%      NA       NA       NA
2.34%    0.07%    4.69%    0.09%
9.51%      NA       NA       NA
4.40%      NA       NA       NA
13.17%   9.20%    16.95%   12.35%
9.51%    3.28%    9.00%    4.40%
2.34%      NA       NA       NA
8.04%      NA       NA       NA
17.55%     NA       NA       NA
0.72%      NA       NA       NA
0.88%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
0.00%    0.00%    4.60%    0.00%
2.78%    0.56%    5.35%    0.75%
5.26%      NA       NA       NA
23.49%   10.67%   18.92%   14.32%
4.40%    1.26%    6.29%    1.69%
14.63%     NA       NA       NA
               Year                       Std Dev (BMI)
                                                     Std Dev (JPM Sov Bond)
                                                                        REL VOL
               2019                           10.70%          5.61%        1.91             5.618%
               2020                           22.92%         19.39%        1.18
               2021                           14.29%          7.02%        2.04
               2022                           18.67%         15.80%        1.18
               2023                           11.16%         10.08%        1.11
Average Relative Volatility                   15.55%         11.58%        1.34
Index:                                    iShares JP Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF            Index:
Source:                                   Yahoo!                                                     Source:
                                          https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EMB/
Period                                    Five years      (June 30, 2018 - June 30, 2023)            Period
Interval                                  Daily                                                      Interval
Date                                      Adj Close            Return                                Effective dat
                               1/2/2019       83.126053                                                 1/1/2019
                               1/3/2019       83.478012               0.42%                             1/2/2019
                               1/4/2019       84.109993               0.76%                             1/3/2019
                               1/7/2019       84.470024               0.43%                             1/4/2019
                               1/8/2019       84.405998              -0.08%                             1/7/2019
                               1/9/2019       84.558006               0.18%                             1/8/2019
                              1/10/2019       84.405998              -0.18%                             1/9/2019
                              1/11/2019       84.414017               0.01%                           1/10/2019
                              1/14/2019       84.317993              -0.11%                           1/11/2019
                              1/15/2019       84.606018               0.34%                           1/14/2019
                              1/16/2019       84.677994               0.09%                           1/15/2019
                              1/17/2019       84.966011               0.34%                           1/16/2019
                              1/18/2019       85.373985               0.48%                           1/17/2019
                              1/22/2019       85.397987               0.03%                           1/18/2019
                              1/23/2019       85.821968               0.50%                           1/21/2019
                              1/24/2019       86.237984               0.48%                           1/22/2019
                              1/25/2019       86.157959              -0.09%                           1/23/2019
                              1/28/2019       85.765976              -0.45%                           1/24/2019
                              1/29/2019       85.837959               0.08%                           1/25/2019
                              1/30/2019       86.445976               0.71%                           1/28/2019
                              1/31/2019       87.101936               0.76%                           1/29/2019
                               2/1/2019       87.224022               0.14%                           1/30/2019
                               2/4/2019       86.926865              -0.34%                           1/31/2019
                               2/5/2019       87.505188               0.67%                             2/1/2019
                               2/6/2019       87.055359              -0.51%                             2/4/2019
                               2/7/2019       86.894722              -0.18%                             2/5/2019
                               2/8/2019       86.509148              -0.44%                             2/6/2019
                              2/11/2019       86.308357              -0.23%                             2/7/2019
2/12/2019   86.629646   0.37%     2/8/2019
2/13/2019   86.637657   0.01%    2/11/2019
2/14/2019   86.862602   0.26%    2/12/2019
2/15/2019   86.934845   0.08%    2/13/2019
2/19/2019    86.87867   -0.06%   2/14/2019
2/20/2019   86.886658   0.01%    2/15/2019
2/21/2019   86.830444   -0.06%   2/18/2019
2/22/2019   87.368614   0.62%    2/19/2019
2/25/2019   87.224022   -0.17%   2/20/2019
2/26/2019   87.481079   0.29%    2/21/2019
2/27/2019   87.505188   0.03%    2/22/2019
2/28/2019   87.448952   -0.06%   2/25/2019
 3/1/2019   87.136826   -0.36%   2/26/2019
 3/4/2019    87.08844   -0.06%   2/27/2019
 3/5/2019   87.128769   0.05%    2/28/2019
 3/6/2019   87.056145   -0.08%    3/1/2019
 3/7/2019   86.854538   -0.23%    3/4/2019
 3/8/2019   87.096512   0.28%     3/5/2019
3/11/2019   87.419113   0.37%     3/6/2019
3/12/2019   87.693321   0.31%     3/7/2019
3/13/2019   87.717529   0.03%     3/8/2019
3/14/2019   87.588463   -0.15%   3/11/2019
3/15/2019   87.943329   0.41%    3/12/2019
3/18/2019   88.023994   0.09%    3/13/2019
3/19/2019   88.088524   0.07%    3/14/2019
3/20/2019   88.870842   0.89%    3/15/2019
3/21/2019   88.846649   -0.03%   3/18/2019
3/22/2019   88.257881   -0.66%   3/19/2019
3/25/2019    88.74987   0.56%    3/20/2019
3/26/2019   88.830513   0.09%    3/21/2019
3/27/2019   88.499847   -0.37%   3/22/2019
3/28/2019   88.685326   0.21%    3/25/2019
3/29/2019   88.765999   0.09%    3/26/2019
 4/1/2019   88.923111   0.18%    3/27/2019
 4/2/2019   88.979759   0.06%    3/28/2019
 4/3/2019   88.777359   -0.23%   3/29/2019
 4/4/2019   88.753044   -0.03%    4/1/2019
 4/5/2019   89.101273   0.39%     4/2/2019
 4/8/2019   88.744957   -0.40%    4/3/2019
 4/9/2019   88.801659   0.06%     4/4/2019
4/10/2019   88.979759   0.20%     4/5/2019
4/11/2019   88.655853   -0.36%    4/8/2019
4/12/2019   88.647736   -0.01%    4/9/2019
4/15/2019   88.704445   0.06%    4/10/2019
4/16/2019   88.534393   -0.19%   4/11/2019
4/17/2019   88.615341   0.09%    4/12/2019
4/18/2019   88.688263   0.08%    4/15/2019
4/22/2019   88.623459   -0.07%   4/16/2019
4/23/2019   88.890694   0.30%    4/17/2019
4/24/2019   88.639656   -0.28%   4/18/2019
4/25/2019   88.761124   0.14%    4/19/2019
4/26/2019   88.704445   -0.06%   4/22/2019
4/29/2019   88.793549   0.10%    4/23/2019
4/30/2019   88.923111   0.15%    4/24/2019
 5/1/2019   88.897888   -0.03%   4/25/2019
 5/2/2019   88.759666   -0.16%   4/26/2019
 5/3/2019    89.26384   0.57%    4/29/2019
 5/6/2019   89.247559   -0.02%   4/30/2019
 5/7/2019   88.775917   -0.53%    5/1/2019
 5/8/2019   88.873528   0.11%     5/2/2019
 5/9/2019   88.605148   -0.30%    5/3/2019
5/10/2019   88.906029   0.34%     5/6/2019
5/13/2019   88.190414   -0.80%    5/7/2019
5/14/2019   88.466911   0.31%     5/8/2019
5/15/2019    88.79216   0.37%     5/9/2019
5/16/2019   88.808464   0.02%    5/10/2019
5/17/2019   88.605148   -0.23%   5/13/2019
5/20/2019   89.003609   0.45%    5/14/2019
5/21/2019    89.10936   0.12%    5/15/2019
5/22/2019   89.060547   -0.05%   5/16/2019
5/23/2019   88.938538   -0.14%   5/17/2019
5/24/2019   89.028023   0.10%    5/20/2019
5/28/2019   89.141846   0.13%    5/21/2019
5/29/2019   89.093056   -0.05%   5/22/2019
5/30/2019   89.361427   0.30%    5/23/2019
5/31/2019   89.361427   0.00%    5/24/2019
 6/3/2019   89.327934   -0.04%   5/27/2019
 6/4/2019    89.86692   0.60%    5/28/2019
 6/5/2019   90.152718   0.32%    5/29/2019
 6/6/2019   90.495682   0.38%    5/30/2019
 6/7/2019   91.042793   0.60%    5/31/2019
6/10/2019    90.92849   -0.13%    6/3/2019
6/11/2019      90.806   -0.13%    6/4/2019
6/12/2019   90.732513   -0.08%    6/5/2019
6/13/2019    90.93663   0.22%     6/6/2019
6/14/2019   90.863152   -0.08%    6/7/2019
6/17/2019   90.903992   0.04%    6/10/2019
6/18/2019   91.826714   1.02%    6/11/2019
6/19/2019   92.626961   0.87%    6/12/2019
6/20/2019   93.043472   0.45%    6/13/2019
6/21/2019   92.137039   -0.97%   6/14/2019
6/24/2019   92.316681   0.19%    6/17/2019
6/25/2019   91.843071   -0.51%   6/18/2019
6/26/2019   91.998238   0.17%    6/19/2019
6/27/2019   92.373848   0.41%    6/20/2019
6/28/2019   92.512688   0.15%    6/21/2019
 7/1/2019   92.986496   0.51%    6/24/2019
 7/2/2019   93.150459   0.18%    6/25/2019
 7/3/2019   93.404594   0.27%    6/26/2019
 7/5/2019   92.920898   -0.52%   6/27/2019
 7/8/2019   92.789749   -0.14%   6/28/2019
 7/9/2019    92.56842   -0.24%    7/1/2019
7/10/2019   92.716011   0.16%     7/2/2019
7/11/2019   92.445435   -0.29%    7/3/2019
7/12/2019   92.634026   0.20%     7/4/2019
7/15/2019   92.822548   0.20%     7/5/2019
7/16/2019   92.773384   -0.05%    7/8/2019
7/17/2019   92.879959   0.11%     7/9/2019
7/18/2019   93.052086   0.19%    7/10/2019
7/19/2019   92.912727   -0.15%   7/11/2019
7/22/2019   93.240623   0.35%    7/12/2019
7/23/2019   93.527557   0.31%    7/15/2019
7/24/2019     93.7407   0.23%    7/16/2019
7/25/2019   93.601349   -0.15%   7/17/2019
7/26/2019   93.552139   -0.05%   7/18/2019
7/29/2019   93.543953   -0.01%   7/19/2019
7/30/2019   93.388206   -0.17%   7/22/2019
7/31/2019    93.19146   -0.21%   7/23/2019
 8/1/2019   93.592987   0.43%    7/24/2019
 8/2/2019   93.535393   -0.06%   7/25/2019
 8/5/2019   92.613838   -0.99%   7/26/2019
 8/6/2019   93.263824   0.70%    7/29/2019
 8/7/2019   93.732864   0.50%    7/30/2019
 8/8/2019   94.201828   0.50%    7/31/2019
 8/9/2019   94.152489   -0.05%    8/1/2019
8/12/2019   93.165115   -1.05%    8/2/2019
8/13/2019    93.03347   -0.14%    8/5/2019
8/14/2019   92.910049   -0.13%    8/6/2019
8/15/2019   93.280312   0.40%     8/7/2019
8/16/2019   93.815109   0.57%     8/8/2019
8/19/2019   93.436676   -0.40%    8/9/2019
8/20/2019   93.461296   0.03%    8/12/2019
8/21/2019   93.732864   0.29%    8/13/2019
8/22/2019   93.782204   0.05%    8/14/2019
8/23/2019   93.823357   0.04%    8/15/2019
8/26/2019   93.741096   -0.09%   8/16/2019
8/27/2019   94.004387   0.28%    8/19/2019
8/28/2019    94.11132   0.11%    8/20/2019
8/29/2019   94.325272   0.23%    8/21/2019
8/30/2019   94.637932   0.33%    8/22/2019
 9/3/2019   94.855118   0.23%    8/23/2019
 9/4/2019   95.449646   0.63%    8/26/2019
 9/5/2019    94.93766   -0.54%   8/27/2019
 9/6/2019   95.276245   0.36%    8/28/2019
 9/9/2019   94.491753   -0.82%   8/29/2019
9/10/2019   93.789886   -0.74%   8/30/2019
9/11/2019   93.888969   0.11%     9/2/2019
9/12/2019   94.070633   0.19%     9/3/2019
9/13/2019   92.988884   -1.15%    9/4/2019
9/16/2019   93.385254   0.43%     9/5/2019
9/17/2019    93.68251   0.32%     9/6/2019
9/18/2019   93.690781   0.01%     9/9/2019
9/19/2019   94.103668   0.44%    9/10/2019
9/20/2019   94.524811   0.45%    9/11/2019
9/23/2019   94.310097   -0.23%   9/12/2019
9/24/2019   93.707298   -0.64%   9/13/2019
9/25/2019    93.43483   -0.29%   9/16/2019
9/26/2019   93.624725   0.20%    9/17/2019
9/27/2019   93.500862   -0.13%   9/18/2019
9/30/2019   93.599953   0.11%    9/19/2019
10/1/2019   93.152473   -0.48%   9/20/2019
10/2/2019   93.135902   -0.02%   9/23/2019
10/3/2019   93.583389   0.48%    9/24/2019
10/4/2019   94.403778   0.88%    9/25/2019
 10/7/2019   93.873421   -0.56%    9/26/2019
 10/8/2019   93.782272   -0.10%    9/27/2019
 10/9/2019    93.79055   0.01%     9/30/2019
10/10/2019   93.633095   -0.17%    10/1/2019
10/11/2019   93.566788   -0.07%    10/2/2019
10/14/2019   93.608269   0.04%     10/3/2019
10/15/2019   93.807114   0.21%     10/4/2019
10/16/2019   93.657944   -0.16%    10/7/2019
10/17/2019    93.79055   0.14%     10/8/2019
10/18/2019   93.873421   0.09%     10/9/2019
10/21/2019   93.533669   -0.36%   10/10/2019
10/22/2019   93.873421   0.36%    10/11/2019
10/23/2019   94.039162   0.18%    10/14/2019
10/24/2019   94.039162   0.00%    10/15/2019
10/25/2019   94.014275   -0.03%   10/16/2019
10/28/2019   93.865135   -0.16%   10/17/2019
10/29/2019   93.616516   -0.26%   10/18/2019
10/30/2019   93.715973   0.11%    10/21/2019
10/31/2019   94.138603   0.45%    10/22/2019
 11/1/2019    94.47541   0.36%    10/23/2019
 11/4/2019    94.27581   -0.21%   10/24/2019
 11/5/2019   93.593842   -0.72%   10/25/2019
 11/6/2019   93.635414   0.04%    10/28/2019
 11/7/2019   93.311111   -0.35%   10/29/2019
 11/8/2019   93.444168   0.14%    10/30/2019
11/11/2019   93.369316   -0.08%   10/31/2019
11/12/2019   93.178024   -0.20%    11/1/2019
11/13/2019   93.036667   -0.15%    11/4/2019
11/14/2019   93.527321   0.53%     11/5/2019
11/15/2019   93.602173   0.08%     11/6/2019
11/18/2019   93.161407   -0.47%    11/7/2019
11/19/2019   92.953484   -0.22%    11/8/2019
11/20/2019   93.111488   0.17%    11/11/2019
11/21/2019   93.119843   0.01%    11/12/2019
11/22/2019   93.369316   0.27%    11/13/2019
11/25/2019   93.361008   -0.01%   11/14/2019
11/26/2019   93.610481   0.27%    11/15/2019
11/27/2019   93.477425   -0.14%   11/18/2019
11/29/2019   93.244576   -0.25%   11/19/2019
 12/2/2019    92.86731   -0.40%   11/20/2019
 12/3/2019   93.050934   0.20%    11/21/2019
 12/4/2019   93.267952   0.23%    11/22/2019
 12/5/2019   93.543373   0.30%    11/25/2019
 12/6/2019   93.735367   0.21%    11/26/2019
 12/9/2019   93.985771   0.27%    11/27/2019
12/10/2019   93.985771   0.00%    11/28/2019
12/11/2019   94.611778   0.67%    11/29/2019
12/12/2019    94.62014   0.01%     12/2/2019
12/13/2019   94.970703   0.37%     12/3/2019
12/16/2019   95.029129   0.06%     12/4/2019
12/17/2019   95.379669   0.37%     12/5/2019
12/18/2019   95.563347   0.19%     12/6/2019
12/19/2019   95.237396   -0.34%    12/9/2019
12/20/2019   95.471992   0.25%    12/10/2019
12/23/2019   95.580933   0.11%    12/11/2019
12/24/2019   95.748489   0.18%    12/12/2019
12/26/2019   95.882576   0.14%    12/13/2019
12/27/2019   96.142326   0.27%    12/16/2019
12/30/2019   95.983131   -0.17%   12/17/2019
12/31/2019   95.991501   0.01%    12/18/2019
  1/2/2020   96.108833   0.12%    12/19/2019
  1/3/2020   95.865829   -0.25%   12/20/2019
  1/6/2020   95.673103   -0.20%   12/23/2019
  1/7/2020   95.823944   0.16%    12/24/2019
  1/8/2020   96.075294   0.26%    12/25/2019
  1/9/2020   96.008278   -0.07%   12/26/2019
 1/10/2020   96.025002   0.02%    12/27/2019
 1/13/2020    96.11721   0.10%    12/30/2019
 1/14/2020   96.092064   -0.03%   12/31/2019
 1/15/2020   96.452362   0.37%      1/1/2020
 1/16/2020   96.653458   0.21%      1/2/2020
 1/17/2020    96.53614   -0.12%     1/3/2020
 1/21/2020   96.452362   -0.09%     1/6/2020
 1/22/2020   96.527779   0.08%      1/7/2020
 1/23/2020   96.301514   -0.23%     1/8/2020
 1/24/2020   96.175858   -0.13%     1/9/2020
 1/27/2020   96.058525   -0.12%    1/10/2020
 1/28/2020   96.511017   0.47%     1/13/2020
 1/29/2020   96.955093   0.46%     1/14/2020
 1/30/2020   96.888107   -0.07%    1/15/2020
 1/31/2020   97.181335   0.30%     1/16/2020
  2/3/2020    97.15696   -0.03%    1/17/2020
 2/4/2020   97.039253   -0.12%   1/20/2020
 2/5/2020   97.072868   0.03%    1/21/2020
 2/6/2020    97.30835   0.24%    1/22/2020
 2/7/2020    97.30835   0.00%    1/23/2020
2/10/2020   97.325134   0.02%    1/24/2020
2/11/2020   97.283104   -0.04%   1/27/2020
2/12/2020   97.426056   0.15%    1/28/2020
2/13/2020   97.451286   0.03%    1/29/2020
2/14/2020   97.838081   0.40%    1/30/2020
2/18/2020   97.922157   0.09%    1/31/2020
2/19/2020   98.115601   0.20%     2/3/2020
2/20/2020   98.174461   0.06%     2/4/2020
2/21/2020   98.393066   0.22%     2/5/2020
2/24/2020   97.964211   -0.44%    2/6/2020
2/25/2020    97.35878   -0.62%    2/7/2020
2/26/2020    97.30835   -0.05%   2/10/2020
2/27/2020   96.097443   -1.24%   2/11/2020
2/28/2020   95.962898   -0.14%   2/12/2020
 3/2/2020   96.736794   0.81%    2/13/2020
 3/3/2020   97.859314   1.16%    2/14/2020
 3/4/2020   98.585136   0.74%    2/17/2020
 3/5/2020   97.715828   -0.88%   2/18/2020
 3/6/2020   97.310715   -0.41%   2/19/2020
 3/9/2020   89.427986   -8.10%   2/20/2020
3/10/2020   90.466034   1.16%    2/21/2020
3/11/2020    86.37278   -4.52%   2/24/2020
3/12/2020   82.119125   -4.92%   2/25/2020
3/13/2020   84.448486   2.84%    2/26/2020
3/16/2020   80.549316   -4.62%   2/27/2020
3/17/2020   79.764427   -0.97%   2/28/2020
3/18/2020   72.413353   -9.22%    3/2/2020
3/19/2020   74.253242   2.54%     3/3/2020
3/20/2020   76.877991   3.53%     3/4/2020
3/23/2020   77.097427   0.29%     3/5/2020
3/24/2020   79.502762   3.12%     3/6/2020
3/25/2020   82.693024   4.01%     3/9/2020
3/26/2020   84.060249   1.65%    3/10/2020
3/27/2020   82.330086   -2.06%   3/11/2020
3/30/2020    82.22036   -0.13%   3/12/2020
3/31/2020   81.595848   -0.76%   3/13/2020
 4/1/2020    79.54393   -2.51%   3/16/2020
 4/2/2020   81.171227   2.05%    3/17/2020
 4/3/2020   81.027115   -0.18%   3/18/2020
 4/6/2020   82.662918   2.02%    3/19/2020
 4/7/2020   83.137566   0.57%    3/20/2020
 4/8/2020   83.493561   0.43%    3/23/2020
 4/9/2020   85.900642   2.88%    3/24/2020
4/13/2020   85.731087   -0.20%   3/25/2020
4/14/2020   86.298973   0.66%    3/26/2020
4/15/2020   84.586899   -1.98%   3/27/2020
4/16/2020   84.035988   -0.65%   3/30/2020
4/17/2020   84.629265   0.71%    3/31/2020
4/20/2020   84.095329   -0.63%    4/1/2020
4/21/2020   82.917198   -1.40%    4/2/2020
4/22/2020   82.985023   0.08%     4/3/2020
4/23/2020   83.383369   0.48%     4/6/2020
4/24/2020   83.018906   -0.44%    4/7/2020
4/27/2020   82.874817   -0.17%    4/8/2020
4/28/2020   83.688492   0.98%     4/9/2020
4/29/2020   85.027649   1.60%    4/10/2020
4/30/2020   85.180183   0.18%    4/13/2020
 5/1/2020   84.813515   -0.43%   4/14/2020
 5/4/2020   84.813515   0.00%    4/15/2020
 5/5/2020   85.740852   1.09%    4/16/2020
 5/6/2020   85.358002   -0.45%   4/17/2020
 5/7/2020   86.038651   0.80%    4/20/2020
 5/8/2020   86.481033   0.51%    4/21/2020
5/11/2020   86.957428   0.55%    4/22/2020
5/12/2020   86.795776   -0.19%   4/23/2020
5/13/2020   86.276855   -0.60%   4/24/2020
5/14/2020   86.676704   0.46%    4/27/2020
5/15/2020    86.91494   0.27%    4/28/2020
5/18/2020   88.429283   1.74%    4/29/2020
5/19/2020    88.49736   0.08%    4/30/2020
5/20/2020   90.198914   1.92%     5/1/2020
5/21/2020   90.173355   -0.03%    5/4/2020
5/22/2020   89.765007   -0.45%    5/5/2020
5/26/2020   90.318024   0.62%     5/6/2020
5/27/2020   90.471123   0.17%     5/7/2020
5/28/2020   90.215927   -0.28%    5/8/2020
5/29/2020   90.522163   0.34%    5/11/2020
 6/1/2020   90.963425   0.49%    5/12/2020
 6/2/2020   91.842506   0.97%    5/13/2020
 6/3/2020   92.252182   0.45%    5/14/2020
 6/4/2020   91.816902   -0.47%   5/15/2020
 6/5/2020   92.567978   0.82%    5/18/2020
 6/8/2020   93.225159   0.71%    5/19/2020
 6/9/2020   92.977638   -0.27%   5/20/2020
6/10/2020   92.986168   0.01%    5/21/2020
6/11/2020   90.852478   -2.29%   5/22/2020
6/12/2020   91.910797   1.16%    5/25/2020
6/15/2020   92.397263   0.53%    5/26/2020
6/16/2020   92.832558   0.47%    5/27/2020
6/17/2020   92.704536   -0.14%   5/28/2020
6/18/2020   92.602135   -0.11%   5/29/2020
6/19/2020   92.806953   0.22%     6/1/2020
6/22/2020   92.969078   0.17%     6/2/2020
6/23/2020   93.156883   0.20%     6/3/2020
6/24/2020   92.866699   -0.31%    6/4/2020
6/25/2020   92.926422   0.06%     6/5/2020
6/26/2020   92.738693   -0.20%    6/8/2020
6/29/2020   92.858162   0.13%     6/9/2020
6/30/2020   93.216621   0.39%    6/10/2020
 7/1/2020   93.430656   0.23%    6/11/2020
 7/2/2020    93.92717   0.53%    6/12/2020
 7/6/2020    94.50927   0.62%    6/15/2020
 7/7/2020     93.9785   -0.56%   6/16/2020
 7/8/2020   94.380852   0.43%    6/17/2020
 7/9/2020   93.969955   -0.44%   6/18/2020
7/10/2020   93.961388   -0.01%   6/19/2020
7/13/2020   93.773056   -0.20%   6/22/2020
7/14/2020   93.995628   0.24%    6/23/2020
7/15/2020   94.380852   0.41%    6/24/2020
7/16/2020   94.552109   0.18%    6/25/2020
7/17/2020   94.766075   0.23%    6/26/2020
7/20/2020   95.399559   0.67%    6/29/2020
7/21/2020   95.913193   0.54%    6/30/2020
7/22/2020   96.187172   0.29%     7/1/2020
7/23/2020   96.144333   -0.04%    7/2/2020
7/24/2020   96.212845   0.07%     7/3/2020
7/27/2020   96.375496   0.17%     7/6/2020
7/28/2020   96.050171   -0.34%    7/7/2020
7/29/2020   96.615181   0.59%     7/8/2020
7/30/2020   96.589485   -0.03%    7/9/2020
7/31/2020   96.812042   0.23%    7/10/2020
 8/3/2020   97.170982   0.37%    7/13/2020
 8/4/2020   97.668922   0.51%    7/14/2020
 8/5/2020   97.977997   0.32%    7/15/2020
 8/6/2020    98.22699   0.25%    7/16/2020
 8/7/2020   98.020897   -0.21%   7/17/2020
8/10/2020   98.166878   0.15%    7/20/2020
8/11/2020   98.063866   -0.10%   7/21/2020
8/12/2020    97.95224   -0.11%   7/22/2020
8/13/2020   97.729027   -0.23%   7/23/2020
8/14/2020   97.291176   -0.45%   7/24/2020
8/17/2020   97.402748   0.11%    7/27/2020
8/18/2020   97.273979   -0.13%   7/28/2020
8/19/2020   97.050766   -0.23%   7/29/2020
8/20/2020   97.273979   0.23%    7/30/2020
8/21/2020   97.583054   0.32%    7/31/2020
8/24/2020   97.780533   0.20%     8/3/2020
8/25/2020   97.299736   -0.49%    8/4/2020
8/26/2020   97.076508   -0.23%    8/5/2020
8/27/2020   96.621475   -0.47%    8/6/2020
8/28/2020   97.522949   0.93%     8/7/2020
8/31/2020   97.514366   -0.01%   8/10/2020
 9/1/2020   98.171379   0.67%    8/11/2020
 9/2/2020    98.57608   0.41%    8/12/2020
 9/3/2020   98.076668   -0.51%   8/13/2020
 9/4/2020   97.654732   -0.43%   8/14/2020
 9/8/2020   97.267258   -0.40%   8/17/2020
 9/9/2020   97.758049   0.50%    8/18/2020
9/10/2020   97.482506   -0.28%   8/19/2020
9/11/2020   97.516953   0.04%    8/20/2020
9/14/2020   97.611679   0.10%    8/21/2020
9/15/2020   97.775284   0.17%    8/24/2020
9/16/2020    97.54277   -0.24%   8/25/2020
9/17/2020   97.138092   -0.41%   8/26/2020
9/18/2020   96.690315   -0.46%   8/27/2020
9/21/2020   95.743134   -0.98%   8/28/2020
9/22/2020   95.545097   -0.21%   8/31/2020
9/23/2020   94.313751   -1.29%    9/1/2020
9/24/2020   94.563454   0.26%     9/2/2020
9/25/2020   95.019814   0.48%     9/3/2020
 9/28/2020   95.235123   0.23%      9/4/2020
 9/29/2020   95.019814   -0.23%     9/7/2020
 9/30/2020   95.484818   0.49%      9/8/2020
 10/1/2020   95.662773   0.19%      9/9/2020
 10/2/2020   95.325836   -0.35%    9/10/2020
 10/5/2020   95.697334   0.39%     9/11/2020
 10/6/2020   95.766441   0.07%     9/14/2020
 10/7/2020   95.973793   0.22%     9/15/2020
 10/8/2020   96.906853   0.97%     9/16/2020
 10/9/2020   97.140114   0.24%     9/17/2020
10/12/2020   97.390633   0.26%     9/18/2020
10/13/2020   97.148735   -0.25%    9/21/2020
10/14/2020   97.114182   -0.04%    9/22/2020
10/15/2020   96.725418   -0.40%    9/23/2020
10/16/2020   96.872276   0.15%     9/24/2020
10/19/2020   96.310738   -0.58%    9/25/2020
10/20/2020   96.362572   0.05%     9/28/2020
10/21/2020   95.870125   -0.51%    9/29/2020
10/22/2020   95.420898   -0.47%    9/30/2020
10/23/2020   95.870125   0.47%     10/1/2020
10/26/2020   95.524567   -0.36%    10/2/2020
10/27/2020   96.094734   0.60%     10/5/2020
10/28/2020   95.273994   -0.85%    10/6/2020
10/29/2020   95.308571   0.04%     10/7/2020
10/30/2020   95.049362   -0.27%    10/8/2020
 11/2/2020   95.201988   0.16%     10/9/2020
 11/3/2020   95.973679   0.81%    10/12/2020
 11/4/2020   97.829147   1.93%    10/13/2020
 11/5/2020   98.201965   0.38%    10/14/2020
 11/6/2020   97.768463   -0.44%   10/15/2020
 11/9/2020   98.236671   0.48%    10/16/2020
11/10/2020   98.132645   -0.11%   10/19/2020
11/11/2020    98.50544   0.38%    10/20/2020
11/12/2020   98.314697   -0.19%   10/21/2020
11/13/2020    98.69622   0.39%    10/22/2020
11/16/2020   98.912949   0.22%    10/23/2020
11/17/2020   98.739548   -0.18%   10/26/2020
11/18/2020   98.652855   -0.09%   10/27/2020
11/19/2020   98.878281   0.23%    10/28/2020
11/20/2020   98.947632   0.07%    10/29/2020
11/23/2020   98.869598   -0.08%   10/30/2020
11/24/2020    99.008331   0.14%     11/2/2020
11/25/2020    98.930305   -0.08%    11/3/2020
11/27/2020    99.251114   0.32%     11/4/2020
11/30/2020    99.060356   -0.19%    11/5/2020
 12/1/2020    99.309196   0.25%     11/6/2020
 12/2/2020     99.36142   0.05%     11/9/2020
 12/3/2020    99.779045   0.42%    11/10/2020
 12/4/2020    99.866043   0.09%    11/11/2020
 12/7/2020    99.848625   -0.02%   11/12/2020
 12/8/2020    99.683342   -0.17%   11/13/2020
 12/9/2020    99.439713   -0.24%   11/16/2020
12/10/2020    99.935654   0.50%    11/17/2020
12/11/2020    99.987839   0.05%    11/18/2020
12/14/2020    99.987839   0.00%    11/19/2020
12/15/2020   100.327148   0.34%    11/20/2020
12/16/2020   100.396774   0.07%    11/23/2020
12/17/2020   100.724174   0.33%    11/24/2020
12/18/2020   100.593231   -0.13%   11/25/2020
12/21/2020   100.305084   -0.29%   11/26/2020
12/22/2020    100.42733   0.12%    11/27/2020
12/23/2020   100.575737   0.15%    11/30/2020
12/24/2020   100.828911   0.25%     12/1/2020
12/28/2020   100.855141   0.03%     12/2/2020
12/29/2020   101.003571   0.15%     12/3/2020
12/30/2020   101.134491   0.13%     12/4/2020
12/31/2020   101.195633   0.06%     12/7/2020
  1/4/2021   100.636864   -0.55%    12/8/2020
  1/5/2021   100.706711   0.07%     12/9/2020
  1/6/2021    99.982071   -0.72%   12/10/2020
  1/7/2021    99.947151   -0.03%   12/11/2020
  1/8/2021    99.999557   0.05%    12/14/2020
 1/11/2021    99.213776   -0.79%   12/15/2020
 1/12/2021     98.74234   -0.48%   12/16/2020
 1/13/2021     99.20507   0.47%    12/17/2020
 1/14/2021    98.916954   -0.29%   12/18/2020
 1/15/2021    99.030434   0.11%    12/21/2020
 1/19/2021    99.170151   0.14%    12/22/2020
 1/20/2021    99.283623   0.11%    12/23/2020
 1/21/2021    99.353485   0.07%    12/24/2020
 1/22/2021    99.397141   0.04%    12/25/2020
 1/25/2021    99.790024   0.40%    12/28/2020
1/26/2021    99.659027   -0.13%   12/29/2020
1/27/2021    99.196335   -0.46%   12/30/2020
1/28/2021    99.405861   0.21%    12/31/2020
1/29/2021    99.397141   -0.01%     1/1/2021
 2/1/2021    99.889374   0.50%      1/4/2021
 2/2/2021    99.889374   0.00%      1/5/2021
 2/3/2021    99.635353   -0.25%     1/6/2021
 2/4/2021    99.924385   0.29%      1/7/2021
 2/5/2021   100.038239   0.11%      1/8/2021
 2/8/2021   100.038239   0.00%     1/11/2021
 2/9/2021    99.679131   -0.36%    1/12/2021
2/10/2021    99.880608   0.20%     1/13/2021
2/11/2021     99.94191   0.06%     1/14/2021
2/12/2021    99.390121   -0.55%    1/15/2021
2/16/2021    98.172707   -1.22%    1/18/2021
2/17/2021    98.715729   0.55%     1/19/2021
2/18/2021    98.610634   -0.11%    1/20/2021
2/19/2021    98.085114   -0.53%    1/21/2021
2/22/2021    97.419487   -0.68%    1/22/2021
2/23/2021    97.533348   0.12%     1/25/2021
2/24/2021    97.682236   0.15%     1/26/2021
2/25/2021    95.939339   -1.78%    1/27/2021
2/26/2021    96.368469   0.45%     1/28/2021
 3/1/2021    96.905342   0.56%     1/29/2021
 3/2/2021    96.843826   -0.06%     2/1/2021
 3/3/2021    96.263916   -0.60%     2/2/2021
 3/4/2021    95.438019   -0.86%     2/3/2021
 3/5/2021    95.420433   -0.02%     2/4/2021
 3/8/2021     93.76857   -1.73%     2/5/2021
 3/9/2021    94.875679   1.18%      2/8/2021
3/10/2021    95.798241   0.97%      2/9/2021
3/11/2021    96.509926   0.74%     2/10/2021
3/12/2021    95.297424   -1.26%    2/11/2021
3/15/2021    95.921272   0.65%     2/12/2021
3/16/2021    96.255127   0.35%     2/15/2021
3/17/2021    97.063492   0.84%     2/16/2021
3/18/2021    95.745514   -1.36%    2/17/2021
3/19/2021    96.026688   0.29%     2/18/2021
3/22/2021    96.237549   0.22%     2/19/2021
3/23/2021    95.894897   -0.36%    2/22/2021
3/24/2021    96.105766   0.22%     2/23/2021
3/25/2021   95.965202   -0.15%   2/24/2021
3/26/2021   96.000328   0.04%    2/25/2021
3/29/2021   95.499504   -0.52%   2/26/2021
3/30/2021   95.543434   0.05%     3/1/2021
3/31/2021   95.666451   0.13%     3/2/2021
 4/1/2021   96.422722   0.79%     3/3/2021
 4/5/2021   96.308151   -0.12%    3/4/2021
 4/6/2021     96.6343   0.34%     3/5/2021
 4/7/2021   96.299316   -0.35%    3/8/2021
 4/8/2021    96.85466   0.58%     3/9/2021
 4/9/2021   96.590225   -0.27%   3/10/2021
4/12/2021   96.748863   0.16%    3/11/2021
4/13/2021   97.260124   0.53%    3/12/2021
4/14/2021   97.171974   -0.09%   3/15/2021
4/15/2021   98.353149   1.22%    3/16/2021
4/16/2021   98.035805   -0.32%   3/17/2021
4/19/2021   97.965279   -0.07%   3/18/2021
4/20/2021   97.718483   -0.25%   3/19/2021
4/21/2021    97.90361   0.19%    3/22/2021
4/22/2021   98.053429   0.15%    3/23/2021
4/23/2021   98.220909   0.17%    3/24/2021
4/26/2021   97.771385   -0.46%   3/25/2021
4/27/2021     97.2425   -0.54%   3/26/2021
4/28/2021   97.568619   0.34%    3/29/2021
4/29/2021   97.683228   0.12%    3/30/2021
4/30/2021   97.965279   0.29%    3/31/2021
 5/3/2021   97.830879   -0.14%    4/1/2021
 5/4/2021   97.919304   0.09%     4/2/2021
 5/5/2021   98.051956   0.14%     4/5/2021
 5/6/2021    98.23764   0.19%     4/6/2021
 5/7/2021   98.679733   0.45%     4/7/2021
5/10/2021   98.458687   -0.22%    4/8/2021
5/11/2021   98.228798   -0.23%    4/9/2021
5/12/2021   97.335739   -0.91%   4/12/2021
5/13/2021   97.839745   0.52%    4/13/2021
5/14/2021   98.352592   0.52%    4/14/2021
5/17/2021   98.299522   -0.05%   4/15/2021
5/18/2021   98.290703   -0.01%   4/16/2021
5/19/2021   97.830879   -0.47%   4/19/2021
5/20/2021   98.511742   0.70%    4/20/2021
5/21/2021   98.317215   -0.20%   4/21/2021
5/24/2021    98.423317   0.11%    4/22/2021
5/25/2021     98.90081   0.49%    4/23/2021
5/26/2021    98.891945   -0.01%   4/26/2021
5/27/2021    98.706284   -0.19%   4/27/2021
5/28/2021    98.909637   0.21%    4/28/2021
 6/1/2021    99.040932   0.13%    4/29/2021
 6/2/2021    99.191734   0.15%    4/30/2021
 6/3/2021    98.703842   -0.49%    5/3/2021
 6/4/2021    99.360283   0.67%     5/4/2021
 6/7/2021    99.138504   -0.22%    5/5/2021
 6/8/2021    99.528816   0.39%     5/6/2021
 6/9/2021    99.883629   0.36%     5/7/2021
6/10/2021   100.034454   0.15%    5/10/2021
6/11/2021   100.149765   0.12%    5/11/2021
6/14/2021     99.54657   -0.60%   5/12/2021
6/15/2021    99.768318   0.22%    5/13/2021
6/16/2021    98.916756   -0.85%   5/14/2021
6/17/2021    99.307045   0.39%    5/17/2021
6/18/2021    99.590912   0.29%    5/18/2021
6/21/2021    99.528816   -0.06%   5/19/2021
6/22/2021    99.484467   -0.04%   5/20/2021
6/23/2021    99.599792   0.12%    5/21/2021
6/24/2021    99.635239   0.04%    5/24/2021
6/25/2021    99.466713   -0.17%   5/25/2021
6/28/2021    99.653008   0.19%    5/26/2021
6/29/2021    99.626389   -0.03%   5/27/2021
6/30/2021    99.759468   0.13%    5/28/2021
 7/1/2021     99.65712   -0.10%   5/31/2021
 7/2/2021     99.77282   0.12%     6/1/2021
 7/6/2021    99.888481   0.12%     6/2/2021
 7/7/2021   100.030861   0.14%     6/3/2021
 7/8/2021    99.826202   -0.20%    6/4/2021
 7/9/2021    99.799507   -0.03%    6/7/2021
7/12/2021    99.861786   0.06%     6/8/2021
7/13/2021    99.505844   -0.36%    6/9/2021
7/14/2021    99.932999   0.43%    6/10/2021
7/15/2021   100.244469   0.31%    6/11/2021
7/16/2021   100.110947   -0.13%   6/14/2021
7/19/2021   100.128723   0.02%    6/15/2021
7/20/2021   100.404617   0.28%    6/16/2021
7/21/2021   100.021973   -0.38%   6/17/2021
7/22/2021   100.244469   0.22%    6/18/2021
7/23/2021   100.253326   0.01%    6/21/2021
7/26/2021    99.977463   -0.28%   6/22/2021
7/27/2021    99.710518   -0.27%   6/23/2021
7/28/2021    99.959686   0.25%    6/24/2021
7/29/2021   100.048676   0.09%    6/25/2021
7/30/2021   100.315643   0.27%    6/28/2021
 8/2/2021   100.449493   0.13%    6/29/2021
 8/3/2021   100.494164   0.04%    6/30/2021
 8/4/2021   100.538788   0.04%     7/1/2021
 8/5/2021   100.476295   -0.06%    7/2/2021
 8/6/2021    99.940712   -0.53%    7/5/2021
 8/9/2021    99.610428   -0.33%    7/6/2021
8/10/2021    99.592575   -0.02%    7/7/2021
8/11/2021    99.655075   0.06%     7/8/2021
8/12/2021    99.788956   0.13%     7/9/2021
8/13/2021   100.262047   0.47%    7/12/2021
8/16/2021   100.279915   0.02%    7/13/2021
8/17/2021   100.190651   -0.09%   7/14/2021
8/18/2021   100.110313   -0.08%   7/15/2021
8/19/2021   100.208496   0.10%    7/16/2021
8/20/2021   100.065681   -0.14%   7/19/2021
8/23/2021   100.440567   0.37%    7/20/2021
8/24/2021   100.503059   0.06%    7/21/2021
8/25/2021   100.431671   -0.07%   7/22/2021
8/26/2021   100.271004   -0.16%   7/23/2021
8/27/2021   100.913696   0.64%    7/26/2021
8/30/2021   101.181503   0.27%    7/27/2021
8/31/2021   101.217186   0.04%    7/28/2021
 9/1/2021    101.39447   0.18%    7/29/2021
 9/2/2021   101.672073   0.27%    7/30/2021
 9/3/2021   101.340759   -0.33%    8/2/2021
 9/7/2021   101.063187   -0.27%    8/3/2021
 9/8/2021   101.242264   0.18%     8/4/2021
 9/9/2021   101.412376   0.17%     8/5/2021
9/10/2021    101.09005   -0.32%    8/6/2021
9/13/2021   101.224358   0.13%     8/9/2021
9/14/2021   101.421341   0.19%    8/10/2021
9/15/2021   101.403435   -0.02%   8/11/2021
9/16/2021   101.063187   -0.34%   8/12/2021
9/17/2021    100.73188   -0.33%   8/13/2021
 9/20/2021   100.266296   -0.46%    8/16/2021
 9/21/2021    100.45433   0.19%     8/17/2021
 9/22/2021   100.516991   0.06%     8/18/2021
 9/23/2021    99.746948   -0.77%    8/19/2021
 9/24/2021    99.335075   -0.41%    8/20/2021
 9/27/2021    99.039597   -0.30%    8/23/2021
 9/28/2021    98.475502   -0.57%    8/24/2021
 9/29/2021    98.565048   0.09%     8/25/2021
 9/30/2021    98.547127   -0.02%    8/26/2021
 10/1/2021    98.524689   -0.02%    8/27/2021
 10/4/2021    98.048615   -0.48%    8/30/2021
 10/5/2021    98.111504   0.06%     8/31/2021
 10/6/2021    97.904907   -0.21%     9/1/2021
 10/7/2021    98.012703   0.11%      9/2/2021
 10/8/2021     97.77018   -0.25%     9/3/2021
10/11/2021    97.500732   -0.28%     9/6/2021
10/12/2021    97.815079   0.32%      9/7/2021
10/13/2021    98.434837   0.63%      9/8/2021
10/14/2021     98.85701   0.43%      9/9/2021
10/15/2021    98.740227   -0.12%    9/10/2021
10/18/2021    98.416878   -0.33%    9/13/2021
10/19/2021    98.345039   -0.07%    9/14/2021
10/20/2021    98.398918   0.05%     9/15/2021
10/21/2021    97.976776   -0.43%    9/16/2021
10/22/2021    98.363014   0.39%     9/17/2021
10/25/2021    98.434837   0.07%     9/20/2021
10/26/2021    98.641434   0.21%     9/21/2021
10/27/2021    99.225281   0.59%     9/22/2021
10/28/2021    99.036636   -0.19%    9/23/2021
10/29/2021    98.704323   -0.34%    9/24/2021
 11/1/2021    98.432167   -0.28%    9/27/2021
 11/2/2021     98.55835   0.13%     9/28/2021
 11/3/2021    98.405128   -0.16%    9/29/2021
 11/4/2021    99.117035   0.72%     9/30/2021
 11/5/2021     99.86499   0.75%     10/1/2021
 11/8/2021    99.774872   -0.09%    10/4/2021
 11/9/2021    99.955093   0.18%     10/5/2021
11/10/2021    98.495255   -1.46%    10/6/2021
11/11/2021    98.495255   0.00%     10/7/2021
11/12/2021    98.747574   0.26%     10/8/2021
11/15/2021    98.486229   -0.26%   10/11/2021
11/16/2021   98.260963   -0.23%   10/12/2021
11/17/2021   98.369095   0.11%    10/13/2021
11/18/2021   98.621429   0.26%    10/14/2021
11/19/2021   98.594383   -0.03%   10/15/2021
11/22/2021   97.576073   -1.03%   10/18/2021
11/23/2021   96.963303   -0.63%   10/19/2021
11/24/2021   97.116493   0.16%    10/20/2021
11/26/2021    96.03511   -1.11%   10/21/2021
11/29/2021   96.864197   0.86%    10/22/2021
11/30/2021   96.846176   -0.02%   10/25/2021
 12/1/2021   97.521561   0.70%    10/26/2021
 12/2/2021   98.100227   0.59%    10/27/2021
 12/3/2021   98.226799   0.13%    10/28/2021
 12/6/2021   98.317184   0.09%    10/29/2021
 12/7/2021   98.841599   0.53%     11/1/2021
 12/8/2021    98.69696   -0.15%    11/2/2021
 12/9/2021   98.633659   -0.06%    11/3/2021
12/10/2021   98.651749   0.02%     11/4/2021
12/13/2021   99.058624   0.41%     11/5/2021
12/14/2021   98.805443   -0.26%    11/8/2021
12/15/2021   98.488998   -0.32%    11/9/2021
12/16/2021   98.586983   0.10%    11/10/2021
12/17/2021   98.414597   -0.17%   11/11/2021
12/20/2021   97.888412   -0.53%   11/12/2021
12/21/2021   98.178734   0.30%    11/15/2021
12/22/2021    98.28759   0.11%    11/16/2021
12/23/2021   98.432762   0.15%    11/17/2021
12/27/2021   98.795647   0.37%    11/18/2021
12/28/2021   98.704933   -0.09%   11/19/2021
12/29/2021   98.605125   -0.10%   11/22/2021
12/30/2021   99.067795   0.47%    11/23/2021
12/31/2021   98.940788   -0.13%   11/24/2021
  1/3/2022   97.960991   -0.99%   11/25/2021
  1/4/2022   97.906555   -0.06%   11/26/2021
  1/5/2022    96.97216   -0.95%   11/29/2021
  1/6/2022   96.881416   -0.09%   11/30/2021
  1/7/2022   96.690895   -0.20%    12/1/2021
 1/10/2022   96.364296   -0.34%    12/2/2021
 1/11/2022   96.563881   0.21%     12/3/2021
 1/12/2022   96.364296   -0.21%    12/6/2021
 1/13/2022   96.037712   -0.34%    12/7/2021
1/14/2022      95.194   -0.88%    12/8/2021
1/18/2022   94.313988   -0.92%    12/9/2021
1/19/2022   94.949074   0.67%    12/10/2021
1/20/2022   95.284721   0.35%    12/13/2021
1/21/2022   95.792755   0.53%    12/14/2021
1/24/2022   95.148636   -0.67%   12/15/2021
1/25/2022   95.293808   0.15%    12/16/2021
1/26/2022   94.794815   -0.52%   12/17/2021
1/27/2022   95.330086   0.56%    12/20/2021
1/28/2022   95.629456   0.31%    12/21/2021
1/31/2022   95.602234   -0.03%   12/22/2021
 2/1/2022   95.850769   0.26%    12/23/2021
 2/2/2022   96.287811   0.46%    12/24/2021
 2/3/2022   95.459297   -0.86%   12/27/2021
 2/4/2022   95.004089   -0.48%   12/28/2021
 2/7/2022   94.894844   -0.11%   12/29/2021
 2/8/2022   94.649017   -0.26%   12/30/2021
 2/9/2022   94.985886   0.36%    12/31/2021
2/10/2022   93.738579   -1.31%     1/3/2022
2/11/2022   93.192337   -0.58%     1/4/2022
2/14/2022   93.547401   0.38%      1/5/2022
2/15/2022   93.902481   0.38%      1/6/2022
2/16/2022   94.175591   0.29%      1/7/2022
2/17/2022   93.738579   -0.46%    1/10/2022
2/18/2022   93.775002   0.04%     1/11/2022
2/22/2022   92.591423   -1.26%    1/12/2022
2/23/2022   91.034584   -1.68%    1/13/2022
2/24/2022   90.115036   -1.01%    1/14/2022
2/25/2022   91.198471   1.20%     1/17/2022
2/28/2022   90.315323   -0.97%    1/18/2022
 3/1/2022   88.922829   -1.54%    1/19/2022
 3/2/2022   88.730949   -0.22%    1/20/2022
 3/3/2022   88.347183   -0.43%    1/21/2022
 3/4/2022   86.446663   -2.15%    1/24/2022
 3/7/2022   85.770523   -0.78%    1/25/2022
 3/8/2022   86.519753   0.87%     1/26/2022
 3/9/2022    87.36039   0.97%     1/27/2022
3/10/2022   87.488297   0.15%     1/28/2022
3/11/2022   86.812149   -0.77%    1/31/2022
3/14/2022    86.62941   -0.21%     2/1/2022
3/15/2022   87.150215   0.60%      2/2/2022
3/16/2022   88.931976   2.04%     2/3/2022
3/17/2022   89.498466   0.64%     2/4/2022
3/18/2022    89.13298   -0.41%    2/7/2022
3/21/2022   87.570534   -1.75%    2/8/2022
3/22/2022   87.415207   -0.18%    2/9/2022
3/23/2022   87.488297   0.08%    2/10/2022
3/24/2022   87.835518   0.40%    2/11/2022
3/25/2022   87.634514   -0.23%   2/14/2022
3/28/2022    88.48423   0.97%    2/15/2022
3/29/2022   89.352272   0.98%    2/16/2022
3/30/2022   89.416252   0.07%    2/17/2022
3/31/2022   89.324875   -0.10%   2/18/2022
 4/1/2022   89.648674   0.36%    2/21/2022
 4/4/2022   89.997246   0.39%    2/22/2022
 4/5/2022    88.54789   -1.61%   2/23/2022
 4/6/2022    88.28186   -0.30%   2/24/2022
 4/7/2022    88.02504   -0.29%   2/25/2022
 4/8/2022    87.26368   -0.86%   2/28/2022
4/11/2022   86.227104   -1.19%    3/1/2022
4/12/2022   86.548172   0.37%     3/2/2022
4/13/2022   86.768326   0.25%     3/3/2022
4/14/2022   85.961105   -0.93%    3/4/2022
4/18/2022   85.915237   -0.05%    3/7/2022
4/19/2022   85.575836   -0.40%    3/8/2022
4/20/2022   86.162888   0.69%     3/9/2022
4/21/2022   85.383179   -0.90%   3/10/2022
4/22/2022   84.475052   -1.06%   3/11/2022
4/25/2022   85.465744   1.17%    3/14/2022
4/26/2022   84.878662   -0.69%   3/15/2022
4/27/2022   84.649338   -0.27%   3/16/2022
4/28/2022   84.805305   0.18%    3/17/2022
4/29/2022   83.365112   -1.70%   3/18/2022
 5/2/2022   82.908279   -0.55%   3/21/2022
 5/3/2022    83.25827   0.42%    3/22/2022
 5/4/2022   84.685829   1.71%    3/23/2022
 5/5/2022   83.414856   -1.50%   3/24/2022
 5/6/2022   82.291222   -1.35%   3/25/2022
 5/9/2022   81.563644   -0.88%   3/28/2022
5/10/2022    81.96888   0.50%    3/29/2022
5/11/2022   82.328064   0.44%    3/30/2022
5/12/2022   82.383324   0.07%    3/31/2022
5/13/2022   82.245178   -0.17%    4/1/2022
5/16/2022   81.803093   -0.54%    4/4/2022
5/17/2022   82.097816   0.36%     4/5/2022
5/18/2022   81.572838   -0.64%    4/6/2022
5/19/2022   82.014923   0.54%     4/7/2022
5/20/2022   82.549103   0.65%     4/8/2022
5/23/2022   82.604355   0.07%    4/11/2022
5/24/2022   83.322739   0.87%    4/12/2022
5/25/2022    84.05954   0.88%    4/13/2022
5/26/2022   84.335831   0.33%    4/14/2022
5/27/2022   84.473999   0.16%    4/15/2022
5/31/2022    84.04113   -0.51%   4/18/2022
 6/1/2022   83.888588   -0.18%   4/19/2022
 6/2/2022   84.702049   0.97%    4/20/2022
 6/3/2022    84.12896   -0.68%   4/21/2022
 6/6/2022   83.019676   -1.32%   4/22/2022
 6/7/2022    83.50959   0.59%    4/25/2022
 6/8/2022    82.68689   -0.99%   4/26/2022
 6/9/2022   82.002846   -0.83%   4/27/2022
6/10/2022   80.625488   -1.68%   4/28/2022
6/13/2022    78.49015   -2.65%   4/29/2022
6/14/2022   78.453156   -0.05%    5/2/2022
6/15/2022   80.801132   2.99%     5/3/2022
6/16/2022   79.007797   -2.22%    5/4/2022
6/17/2022   79.433022   0.54%     5/5/2022
6/21/2022   79.201935   -0.29%    5/6/2022
6/22/2022   79.322105   0.15%     5/9/2022
6/23/2022   79.848991   0.66%    5/10/2022
6/24/2022   79.950684   0.13%    5/11/2022
6/27/2022   78.859886   -1.36%   5/12/2022
6/28/2022   78.259026   -0.76%   5/13/2022
6/29/2022   78.545609   0.37%    5/16/2022
6/30/2022   78.869125   0.41%    5/17/2022
 7/1/2022   79.974785   1.40%    5/18/2022
 7/5/2022   79.343521   -0.79%   5/19/2022
 7/6/2022   78.702972   -0.81%   5/20/2022
 7/7/2022   78.935066   0.29%    5/23/2022
 7/8/2022   78.563736   -0.47%   5/24/2022
7/11/2022   77.904633   -0.84%   5/25/2022
7/12/2022   77.681831   -0.29%   5/26/2022
7/13/2022   77.366188   -0.41%   5/27/2022
7/14/2022   76.010841   -1.75%   5/30/2022
7/15/2022   76.772079   1.00%    5/31/2022
7/18/2022   76.809219   0.05%     6/1/2022
7/19/2022   77.932465   1.46%     6/2/2022
7/20/2022   78.545174   0.79%     6/3/2022
7/21/2022   78.981461   0.56%     6/6/2022
7/22/2022   79.844826   1.09%     6/7/2022
7/25/2022   79.900513   0.07%     6/8/2022
7/26/2022   79.157852   -0.93%    6/9/2022
7/27/2022     80.3554   1.51%    6/10/2022
7/28/2022   81.395103   1.29%    6/13/2022
7/29/2022   81.710739   0.39%    6/14/2022
 8/1/2022   82.079788   0.45%    6/15/2022
 8/2/2022   80.886864   -1.45%   6/16/2022
 8/3/2022   82.443268   1.92%    6/17/2022
 8/4/2022   82.620346   0.21%    6/20/2022
 8/5/2022   82.452591   -0.20%   6/21/2022
 8/8/2022     83.6735   1.48%    6/22/2022
 8/9/2022   82.275528   -1.67%   6/23/2022
8/10/2022   83.748047   1.79%    6/24/2022
8/11/2022   83.403236   -0.41%   6/27/2022
8/12/2022    84.03698   0.76%    6/28/2022
8/15/2022   83.878517   -0.19%   6/29/2022
8/16/2022   83.151573   -0.87%   6/30/2022
8/17/2022   82.238243   -1.10%    7/1/2022
8/18/2022   82.145042   -0.11%    7/4/2022
8/19/2022   80.896194   -1.52%    7/5/2022
8/22/2022   80.299728   -0.74%    7/6/2022
8/23/2022   81.147827   1.06%     7/7/2022
8/24/2022   81.073265   -0.09%    7/8/2022
8/25/2022   81.930687   1.06%    7/11/2022
8/26/2022   80.653862   -1.56%   7/12/2022
8/29/2022   80.169228   -0.60%   7/13/2022
8/30/2022   80.141289   -0.03%   7/14/2022
8/31/2022   79.498207   -0.80%   7/15/2022
 9/1/2022   79.303642   -0.24%   7/18/2022
 9/2/2022   79.584259   0.35%    7/19/2022
 9/6/2022   78.854652   -0.92%   7/20/2022
 9/7/2022   80.051949   1.52%    7/21/2022
 9/8/2022   80.080032   0.04%    7/22/2022
 9/9/2022   80.566437   0.61%    7/25/2022
 9/12/2022   80.538368   -0.03%   7/26/2022
 9/13/2022   79.303642   -1.53%   7/27/2022
 9/14/2022    79.24752   -0.07%   7/28/2022
 9/15/2022   79.191391   -0.07%   7/29/2022
 9/16/2022   78.761093   -0.54%    8/1/2022
 9/19/2022   79.041748   0.36%     8/2/2022
 9/20/2022   78.312119   -0.92%    8/3/2022
 9/21/2022   78.087639   -0.29%    8/4/2022
 9/22/2022   77.563789   -0.67%    8/5/2022
 9/23/2022    76.62838   -1.21%    8/8/2022
 9/26/2022   74.823051   -2.36%    8/9/2022
 9/27/2022   73.625725   -1.60%   8/10/2022
 9/28/2022   75.393646   2.40%    8/11/2022
 9/29/2022   74.439545   -1.27%   8/12/2022
 9/30/2022   74.271172   -0.23%   8/15/2022
 10/3/2022   75.399864   1.52%    8/16/2022
 10/4/2022   76.818939   1.88%    8/17/2022
 10/5/2022   75.728783   -1.42%   8/18/2022
 10/6/2022   75.437447   -0.38%   8/19/2022
 10/7/2022   74.422462   -1.35%   8/22/2022
10/10/2022   74.206314   -0.29%   8/23/2022
10/11/2022    74.14994   -0.08%   8/24/2022
10/12/2022   73.886803   -0.35%   8/25/2022
10/13/2022   73.661217   -0.31%   8/26/2022
10/14/2022    73.11615   -0.74%   8/29/2022
10/17/2022   73.520256   0.55%    8/30/2022
10/18/2022   74.300301   1.06%    8/31/2022
10/19/2022    73.19133   -1.49%    9/1/2022
10/20/2022   72.448883   -1.01%    9/2/2022
10/21/2022   73.247719   1.10%     9/5/2022
10/24/2022   73.200745   -0.06%    9/6/2022
10/25/2022   74.469444   1.73%     9/7/2022
10/26/2022   74.958153   0.66%     9/8/2022
10/27/2022   75.127335   0.23%     9/9/2022
10/28/2022   75.315277   0.25%    9/12/2022
10/31/2022    74.14994   -1.55%   9/13/2022
 11/1/2022   75.577812   1.93%    9/14/2022
 11/2/2022    75.00174   -0.76%   9/15/2022
 11/3/2022    74.73732   -0.35%   9/16/2022
 11/4/2022   75.936684   1.60%    9/19/2022
 11/7/2022    75.90834   -0.04%   9/20/2022
 11/8/2022   76.437172   0.70%     9/21/2022
 11/9/2022   75.407829   -1.35%    9/22/2022
11/10/2022   78.873657   4.60%     9/23/2022
11/11/2022   78.854774   -0.02%    9/26/2022
11/14/2022   78.184265   -0.85%    9/27/2022
11/15/2022   79.657486   1.88%     9/28/2022
11/16/2022   79.657486   0.00%     9/29/2022
11/17/2022   78.939758   -0.90%    9/30/2022
11/18/2022   78.939758   0.00%     10/3/2022
11/21/2022   78.949203   0.01%     10/4/2022
11/22/2022   79.770805   1.04%     10/5/2022
11/23/2022   80.290215   0.65%     10/6/2022
11/25/2022   80.658508   0.46%     10/7/2022
11/28/2022   80.337425   -0.40%   10/10/2022
11/29/2022   80.705727   0.46%    10/11/2022
11/30/2022   81.621765   1.14%    10/12/2022
 12/1/2022   83.242065   1.99%    10/13/2022
 12/2/2022   82.891266   -0.42%   10/14/2022
 12/5/2022   81.620804   -1.53%   10/17/2022
 12/6/2022   81.175224   -0.55%   10/18/2022
 12/7/2022    82.35083   1.45%    10/19/2022
 12/8/2022   82.199142   -0.18%   10/20/2022
 12/9/2022   81.630295   -0.69%   10/21/2022
12/12/2022   81.933685   0.37%    10/24/2022
12/13/2022   82.720612   0.96%    10/25/2022
12/14/2022   82.597351   -0.15%   10/26/2022
12/15/2022   82.159531   -0.53%   10/27/2022
12/16/2022   81.731216   -0.52%   10/28/2022
12/19/2022   81.283882   -0.55%   10/31/2022
12/20/2022   80.874596   -0.50%    11/1/2022
12/21/2022   81.931099   1.31%     11/2/2022
12/22/2022   81.512283   -0.51%    11/3/2022
12/23/2022   81.074463   -0.54%    11/4/2022
12/27/2022   80.589043   -0.60%    11/7/2022
12/28/2022   80.293991   -0.37%    11/8/2022
12/29/2022   80.912659   0.77%     11/9/2022
12/30/2022   80.512917   -0.49%   11/10/2022
  1/3/2023   80.865082   0.44%    11/11/2022
  1/4/2023    81.85495   1.22%    11/14/2022
  1/5/2023   81.112534   -0.91%   11/15/2022
  1/6/2023   82.549774   1.77%    11/16/2022
 1/9/2023   82.387955   -0.20%   11/17/2022
1/10/2023    81.87397   -0.62%   11/18/2022
1/11/2023   82.806763   1.14%    11/21/2022
1/12/2023   83.787102   1.18%    11/22/2022
1/13/2023   83.587227   -0.24%   11/23/2022
1/17/2023   83.672882   0.10%    11/24/2022
1/18/2023   84.662766   1.18%    11/25/2022
1/19/2023   84.424805   -0.28%   11/28/2022
1/20/2023   84.234459   -0.23%   11/29/2022
1/23/2023   84.186859   -0.06%   11/30/2022
1/24/2023    84.55806   0.44%     12/1/2022
1/25/2023   84.500954   -0.07%    12/2/2022
1/26/2023   84.500954   0.00%     12/5/2022
1/27/2023   84.339142   -0.19%    12/6/2022
1/30/2023   83.263618   -1.28%    12/7/2022
1/31/2023   83.672882   0.49%     12/8/2022
 2/1/2023   85.260422   1.90%     12/9/2022
 2/2/2023   85.537422   0.32%    12/12/2022
 2/3/2023   84.362541   -1.37%   12/13/2022
 2/6/2023   83.168556   -1.42%   12/14/2022
 2/7/2023   83.244965   0.09%    12/15/2022
 2/8/2023   83.197197   -0.06%   12/16/2022
 2/9/2023    82.65274   -0.65%   12/19/2022
2/10/2023   82.012764   -0.77%   12/20/2022
2/13/2023   82.241997   0.28%    12/21/2022
2/14/2023   82.289764   0.06%    12/22/2022
2/15/2023   82.050972   -0.29%   12/23/2022
2/16/2023    81.51606   -0.65%   12/26/2022
2/17/2023   81.544716   0.04%    12/27/2022
2/21/2023   80.312515   -1.51%   12/28/2022
2/22/2023   80.627739   0.39%    12/29/2022
2/23/2023   81.917244   1.60%    12/30/2022
2/24/2023   81.353676   -0.69%     1/2/2023
2/27/2023    81.76442   0.50%      1/3/2023
2/28/2023   81.420547   -0.42%     1/4/2023
 3/1/2023   80.882278   -0.66%     1/5/2023
 3/2/2023   80.584854   -0.37%     1/6/2023
 3/3/2023   81.822563   1.54%      1/9/2023
 3/6/2023   81.496346   -0.40%    1/10/2023
 3/7/2023   81.160522   -0.41%    1/11/2023
 3/8/2023   80.776749   -0.47%    1/12/2023
 3/9/2023   80.795944   0.02%    1/13/2023
3/10/2023   81.553909   0.94%    1/16/2023
3/13/2023   81.419594   -0.16%   1/17/2023
3/14/2023   81.198906   -0.27%   1/18/2023
3/15/2023   81.496346   0.37%    1/19/2023
3/16/2023    81.15094   -0.42%   1/20/2023
3/17/2023   80.786346   -0.45%   1/23/2023
3/20/2023   80.795944   0.01%    1/24/2023
3/21/2023   81.371613   0.71%    1/25/2023
3/22/2023   82.081619   0.87%    1/26/2023
3/23/2023   82.379044   0.36%    1/27/2023
3/24/2023   81.928085   -0.55%   1/30/2023
3/27/2023   81.582687   -0.42%   1/31/2023
3/28/2023   81.294861   -0.35%    2/1/2023
3/29/2023   81.688232   0.48%     2/2/2023
3/30/2023   82.254326   0.69%     2/3/2023
3/31/2023   82.782021   0.64%     2/6/2023
 4/3/2023   83.092278   0.37%     2/7/2023
 4/4/2023   83.207886   0.14%     2/8/2023
 4/5/2023   83.034462   -0.21%    2/9/2023
 4/6/2023   82.947739   -0.10%   2/10/2023
4/10/2023   82.514168   -0.52%   2/13/2023
4/11/2023   82.600891   0.11%    2/14/2023
4/12/2023   82.841766   0.29%    2/15/2023
4/13/2023   82.928467   0.10%    2/16/2023
4/14/2023   82.755051   -0.21%   2/17/2023
4/17/2023   82.225121   -0.64%   2/20/2023
4/18/2023   82.205841   -0.02%   2/21/2023
4/19/2023   81.810806   -0.48%   2/22/2023
4/20/2023   81.714455   -0.12%   2/23/2023
4/21/2023   81.724091   0.01%    2/24/2023
4/24/2023   81.945702   0.27%    2/27/2023
4/25/2023   82.446716   0.61%    2/28/2023
4/26/2023   82.225121   -0.27%    3/1/2023
4/27/2023   82.244385   0.02%     3/2/2023
4/28/2023   83.005554   0.93%     3/3/2023
 5/1/2023   82.183228   -0.99%    3/6/2023
 5/2/2023   82.531502   0.42%     3/7/2023
 5/3/2023   82.792709   0.32%     3/8/2023
 5/4/2023   82.376717   -0.50%    3/9/2023
 5/5/2023   82.608887   0.28%    3/10/2023
 5/8/2023   82.279976   -0.40%   3/13/2023
 5/9/2023    82.24128   -0.05%   3/14/2023
5/10/2023   82.695961   0.55%    3/15/2023
5/11/2023   82.957176   0.32%    3/16/2023
5/12/2023   82.434761   -0.63%   3/17/2023
5/15/2023   82.076805   -0.43%   3/20/2023
5/16/2023   81.757561   -0.39%   3/21/2023
5/17/2023    81.76722   0.01%    3/22/2023
5/18/2023   81.438301   -0.40%   3/23/2023
5/19/2023   81.428635   -0.01%   3/24/2023
5/22/2023   81.418968   -0.01%   3/27/2023
5/23/2023   81.515709   0.12%    3/28/2023
5/24/2023   81.380264   -0.17%   3/29/2023
5/25/2023   81.167427   -0.26%   3/30/2023
5/26/2023   81.506027   0.42%    3/31/2023
5/30/2023   82.125183   0.76%     4/3/2023
5/31/2023   82.018745   -0.13%    4/4/2023
 6/1/2023   82.565704   0.67%     4/5/2023
 6/2/2023   82.439423   -0.15%    4/6/2023
 6/5/2023   82.711433   0.33%     4/7/2023
 6/6/2023   82.857147   0.18%    4/10/2023
 6/7/2023   82.371422   -0.59%   4/11/2023
 6/8/2023    82.83773   0.57%    4/12/2023
 6/9/2023   82.740585   -0.12%   4/13/2023
6/12/2023   83.197166   0.55%    4/14/2023
6/13/2023   83.070877   -0.15%   4/17/2023
6/14/2023   83.245735   0.21%    4/18/2023
6/15/2023   83.673187   0.51%    4/19/2023
6/16/2023   83.342896   -0.39%   4/20/2023
6/20/2023   83.381752   0.05%    4/21/2023
6/21/2023   83.818916   0.52%    4/24/2023
6/22/2023   83.498329   -0.38%   4/25/2023
6/23/2023   83.595467   0.12%    4/26/2023
6/26/2023   83.857773   0.31%    4/27/2023
6/27/2023   83.857773   0.00%    4/28/2023
6/28/2023   83.916061   0.07%     5/1/2023
6/29/2023   83.469185   -0.53%    5/2/2023
6/30/2023   84.071495   0.72%     5/3/2023
 7/3/2023   84.233414   0.19%     5/4/2023
 7/5/2023   83.804245   -0.51%    5/5/2023
 7/6/2023   82.604538   -1.43%    5/8/2023
 7/7/2023   82.506989   -0.12%    5/9/2023
7/10/2023   82.858124   0.43%    5/10/2023
7/11/2023   83.384827   0.64%    5/11/2023
7/12/2023   84.379723   1.19%    5/12/2023
7/13/2023    85.29657   1.09%    5/15/2023
7/14/2023   84.799118   -0.58%   5/16/2023
7/17/2023   84.925934   0.15%    5/17/2023
7/18/2023   85.345345   0.49%    5/18/2023
7/19/2023   85.111259   -0.27%   5/19/2023
7/20/2023   84.594299   -0.61%   5/22/2023
7/21/2023   84.857643   0.31%    5/23/2023
7/24/2023   85.023468   0.20%    5/24/2023
7/25/2023   84.916168   -0.13%   5/25/2023
7/26/2023   85.189278   0.32%    5/26/2023
7/27/2023   84.379723   -0.95%   5/29/2023
7/28/2023   85.403854   1.21%    5/30/2023
7/31/2023   85.520905   0.14%    5/31/2023
 8/1/2023   84.666985   -1.00%    6/1/2023
 8/2/2023   84.059837   -0.72%    6/2/2023
 8/3/2023   83.344978   -0.85%    6/5/2023
 8/4/2023   84.451546   1.33%     6/6/2023
 8/7/2023   84.177361   -0.32%    6/7/2023
 8/8/2023   84.392799   0.26%     6/8/2023
 8/9/2023   84.569069   0.21%     6/9/2023
8/10/2023   84.245903   -0.38%   6/12/2023
8/11/2023   84.050049   -0.23%   6/13/2023
8/14/2023   83.374359   -0.80%   6/14/2023
8/15/2023   82.669296   -0.85%   6/15/2023
8/16/2023   82.512604   -0.19%   6/16/2023
8/17/2023   82.444069   -0.08%   6/19/2023
8/18/2023   82.424477   -0.02%   6/20/2023
8/21/2023   82.013191   -0.50%   6/21/2023
8/22/2023   82.238419   0.27%    6/22/2023
8/23/2023   83.560425   1.61%    6/23/2023
8/24/2023   82.992455   -0.68%   6/26/2023
8/25/2023   83.119759   0.15%    6/27/2023
8/28/2023   83.384163   0.32%    6/28/2023
8/29/2023   84.245903   1.03%    6/29/2023
8/30/2023   84.020676   -0.27%   6/30/2023
8/31/2023   83.942337   -0.09%    7/3/2023
 9/1/2023   83.734848   -0.25%    7/4/2023
  9/5/2023   82.918633   -0.97%    7/5/2023
  9/6/2023   82.790802   -0.15%    7/6/2023
  9/7/2023   83.233322   0.53%     7/7/2023
  9/8/2023   83.302147   0.08%    7/10/2023
 9/11/2023   83.174316   -0.15%   7/11/2023
 9/12/2023   83.233322   0.07%    7/12/2023
 9/13/2023   83.282486   0.06%    7/13/2023
 9/14/2023   83.311989   0.04%    7/14/2023
 9/15/2023   83.036652   -0.33%   7/17/2023
 9/18/2023   83.085808   0.06%    7/18/2023
 9/19/2023   82.987473   -0.12%   7/19/2023
 9/20/2023   82.918633   -0.08%   7/20/2023
 9/21/2023   82.082764   -1.01%   7/21/2023
 9/22/2023   82.417107   0.41%    7/24/2023
 9/25/2023   81.945084   -0.57%   7/25/2023
 9/26/2023   81.404228   -0.66%   7/26/2023
 9/27/2023   81.050209   -0.43%   7/27/2023
 9/28/2023   81.237053   0.23%    7/28/2023
 9/29/2023   81.148544   -0.11%   7/31/2023
 10/2/2023   80.262665   -1.09%    8/1/2023
 10/3/2023   79.363953   -1.12%    8/2/2023
 10/4/2023   79.739235   0.47%     8/3/2023
 10/5/2023    79.70961   -0.04%    8/4/2023
 10/6/2023   79.739235   0.04%     8/7/2023
 10/9/2023   80.134277   0.50%     8/8/2023
10/10/2023   80.262665   0.16%     8/9/2023
10/11/2023    80.91449   0.81%    8/10/2023
10/12/2023   80.065147   -1.05%   8/11/2023
10/13/2023   80.292305   0.28%    8/14/2023
10/16/2023   80.203407   -0.11%   8/15/2023
10/17/2023   79.818245   -0.48%   8/16/2023
10/18/2023   79.304695   -0.64%   8/17/2023
10/19/2023   78.722008   -0.73%   8/18/2023
10/20/2023   79.156555   0.55%    8/21/2023
10/23/2023   79.610855   0.57%    8/22/2023
10/24/2023    80.24292   0.79%    8/23/2023
10/25/2023    79.64048   -0.75%   8/24/2023
10/26/2023   79.956505   0.40%    8/25/2023
10/27/2023   79.996017   0.05%    8/28/2023
10/30/2023   80.203407   0.26%    8/29/2023
10/31/2023   80.183662   -0.02%   8/30/2023
 11/1/2023    81.23719   1.31%     8/31/2023
 11/2/2023   82.050652   1.00%      9/1/2023
 11/3/2023   82.854195   0.98%      9/4/2023
 11/6/2023   82.169708   -0.83%     9/5/2023
 11/7/2023   82.447472   0.34%      9/6/2023
 11/8/2023   82.606194   0.19%      9/7/2023
 11/9/2023   81.762962   -1.02%     9/8/2023
11/10/2023   82.120102   0.44%     9/11/2023
11/13/2023   81.683601   -0.53%    9/12/2023
11/14/2023   83.102203   1.74%     9/13/2023
11/15/2023   82.586357   -0.62%    9/14/2023
11/16/2023   83.270851   0.83%     9/15/2023
11/17/2023   83.538696   0.32%     9/18/2023
11/20/2023   84.064476   0.63%     9/19/2023
11/21/2023   84.064476   0.00%     9/20/2023
11/22/2023   84.481133   0.50%     9/21/2023
11/24/2023   84.312477   -0.20%    9/22/2023
11/27/2023   84.679527   0.44%     9/25/2023
11/28/2023   85.116028   0.52%     9/26/2023
11/29/2023   85.790611   0.79%     9/27/2023
11/30/2023   85.185471   -0.71%    9/28/2023
 12/1/2023   86.492058   1.53%     9/29/2023
 12/4/2023   85.894531   -0.69%    10/2/2023
 12/5/2023   86.392471   0.58%     10/3/2023
 12/6/2023   86.870499   0.55%     10/4/2023
 12/7/2023   86.780861   -0.10%    10/5/2023
 12/8/2023   86.482094   -0.34%    10/6/2023
12/11/2023   86.342674   -0.16%    10/9/2023
12/12/2023   86.521935   0.21%    10/10/2023
12/13/2023   87.956001   1.66%    10/11/2023
12/14/2023   88.870003   1.04%    10/12/2023
12/15/2023       88.75   -0.14%   10/13/2023
12/18/2023   88.769997   0.02%    10/16/2023
12/19/2023   88.989998   0.25%    10/17/2023
12/20/2023         89    0.01%    10/18/2023
12/21/2023   89.160004   0.18%    10/19/2023
12/22/2023   89.040001   -0.13%   10/20/2023
12/26/2023   89.360001   0.36%    10/23/2023
12/27/2023       89.68   0.36%    10/24/2023
12/28/2023       89.43   -0.28%   10/25/2023
12/29/2023   89.059998   -0.41%   10/26/2023
10/27/2023
10/30/2023
10/31/2023
 11/1/2023
 11/2/2023
 11/3/2023
 11/6/2023
 11/7/2023
 11/8/2023
 11/9/2023
11/10/2023
11/13/2023
11/14/2023
11/15/2023
11/16/2023
11/17/2023
11/20/2023
11/21/2023
11/22/2023
11/23/2023
11/24/2023
11/27/2023
11/28/2023
11/29/2023
11/30/2023
 12/1/2023
 12/4/2023
 12/5/2023
 12/6/2023
 12/7/2023
 12/8/2023
12/11/2023
12/12/2023
12/13/2023
12/14/2023
12/15/2023
12/18/2023
12/19/2023
12/20/2023
12/21/2023
12/22/2023
12/25/2023
12/26/2023
12/27/2023
12/28/2023
12/29/2023
                         Estimation note: Those of you who have followed my attempts to estimate the relati
                         equity market volatility know that I have struggled with getting a proxy for returns o
                         emerging market sovereign bonds, and have used the coefficient of varation in yield
                         make that estimate. I have finally replaced that estimate with a return on an emergi
                         market governemnt bond ETF from iShares. The standard deviations are now compu
                         consistently for emerigng equities and emerigng government bonds. (Using the old y
                         coefficient of variation approach would have yielded a ratio of 1.49 in this computati
S&P Emerging BMI Index
S&P
https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-emerging-bmi/#overview
Five years (June 30, 2018 - June 30, 2023)
Daily
S&P
Emerging
BMI (USD) Return
     252.74
     250.55     -0.87%
     249.51     -0.42%
     253.63      1.65%
     256.59      1.17%
     256.27     -0.12%
     260.38      1.60%
     261.42      0.40%
     261.73      0.12%
     259.89     -0.70%
     262.46      0.99%
     263.41      0.36%
      263.2     -0.08%
     265.39      0.83%
     265.61      0.08%
     263.61     -0.75%
     263.86      0.09%
     265.69      0.69%
     268.05      0.89%
     266.67     -0.51%
     266.91      0.09%
     268.29      0.52%
     272.09      1.42%
      272.5      0.15%
     271.94     -0.21%
     272.94      0.37%
     272.06     -0.32%
     270.48     -0.58%
269.61   -0.32%
269.19   -0.16%
270.82    0.61%
270.64   -0.07%
269.57   -0.40%
267.96   -0.60%
 269.2    0.46%
269.65    0.17%
272.34    1.00%
272.91    0.21%
275.04    0.78%
277.46    0.88%
276.59   -0.31%
275.53   -0.38%
273.74   -0.65%
274.06    0.12%
274.85    0.29%
275.89    0.38%
276.21    0.12%
272.92   -1.19%
270.15   -1.01%
273.23    1.14%
275.61    0.87%
275.86    0.09%
275.32   -0.20%
277.61    0.83%
 280.8    1.15%
281.22    0.15%
280.43   -0.28%
280.19   -0.09%
277.12   -1.10%
274.82   -0.83%
275.76    0.34%
274.21   -0.56%
274.86    0.24%
  278     1.14%
280.93    1.05%
281.16    0.08%
282.96    0.64%
283.08    0.04%
284.28    0.42%
285.17    0.31%
286.48    0.46%
286.99    0.18%
284.81   -0.76%
285.02    0.07%
284.02   -0.35%
285.97    0.69%
286.76    0.28%
286.14   -0.22%
286.22    0.03%
285.32   -0.31%
285.35    0.01%
284.65   -0.25%
282.86   -0.63%
283.43    0.20%
283.82    0.14%
 283.5   -0.11%
283.86    0.13%
283.27   -0.21%
284.84    0.55%
278.99   -2.05%
277.66   -0.48%
276.15   -0.54%
 271.4   -1.72%
272.59    0.44%
268.06   -1.66%
267.71   -0.13%
268.06    0.13%
267.48   -0.22%
263.87   -1.35%
 263.5   -0.14%
264.78    0.49%
264.58   -0.08%
260.69   -1.47%
261.87    0.45%
262.64    0.29%
 262.7    0.02%
262.56   -0.05%
264.84    0.87%
265.76    0.35%
267.73    0.74%
267.11   -0.23%
 266.9   -0.08%
266.24   -0.25%
267.62    0.52%
271.12    1.31%
273.54    0.89%
272.01   -0.56%
271.24   -0.28%
269.28   -0.72%
268.17   -0.41%
271.48    1.23%
274.57    1.14%
278.46    1.42%
278.42   -0.01%
278.24   -0.06%
276.15   -0.75%
277.05    0.33%
278.94    0.68%
278.97    0.01%
281.63    0.95%
281.95    0.11%
281.64   -0.11%
282.85    0.43%
281.57   -0.45%
 278.7   -1.02%
277.64   -0.38%
279.33    0.61%
280.61    0.46%
279.48   -0.40%
281.27    0.64%
281.73    0.16%
280.62   -0.39%
279.81   -0.29%
 280.6    0.28%
279.47   -0.40%
279.62    0.05%
279.79    0.06%
279.55   -0.09%
278.28   -0.45%
277.91   -0.13%
276.75   -0.42%
275.61   -0.41%
272.25   -1.22%
266.96   -1.94%
259.26   -2.88%
 259.7    0.17%
259.92    0.08%
263.26    1.29%
 262.2   -0.40%
260.67   -0.58%
259.14   -0.59%
257.42   -0.66%
256.93   -0.19%
258.93    0.78%
260.91    0.76%
260.98    0.03%
261.77    0.30%
259.97   -0.69%
259.38   -0.23%
 256.7   -1.03%
 257.5    0.31%
257.56    0.02%
259.07    0.59%
262.46    1.31%
262.46    0.00%
259.61   -1.09%
263.96    1.68%
266.69    1.03%
 267.9    0.45%
268.11    0.08%
267.36   -0.28%
269.79    0.91%
271.57    0.66%
272.89    0.49%
272.42   -0.17%
270.17   -0.83%
270.78    0.23%
269.13   -0.61%
270.74    0.60%
269.63   -0.41%
268.47   -0.43%
267.12   -0.50%
267.94    0.31%
266.29   -0.62%
265.49   -0.30%
 264.6   -0.34%
263.05   -0.59%
263.95    0.34%
264.87    0.35%
264.13   -0.28%
263.49   -0.24%
263.48    0.00%
264.78    0.49%
268.27    1.32%
269.52    0.47%
269.86    0.13%
270.82    0.36%
272.41    0.59%
271.68   -0.27%
272.54    0.32%
273.53    0.36%
272.89   -0.23%
274.54    0.60%
274.25   -0.11%
276.13    0.69%
276.03   -0.04%
 275.8   -0.08%
 275.7   -0.04%
277.63    0.70%
280.93    1.19%
282.23    0.46%
281.51   -0.26%
282.97    0.52%
280.78   -0.77%
277.89   -1.03%
278.21    0.12%
 275.4   -1.01%
274.89   -0.19%
276.23    0.49%
277.09    0.31%
278.66    0.57%
277.68   -0.35%
 276.3   -0.50%
277.19    0.32%
278.32    0.41%
277.04   -0.46%
278.33    0.47%
277.95   -0.14%
275.92   -0.73%
275.92    0.00%
275.33   -0.21%
275.61    0.10%
 277.2    0.58%
278.57    0.49%
278.99    0.15%
 278.4   -0.21%
 280.7    0.83%
283.26    0.91%
286.54    1.16%
287.16    0.22%
290.24    1.07%
292.02    0.61%
291.46   -0.19%
 291.4   -0.02%
292.49    0.37%
292.07   -0.14%
292.12    0.02%
292.59    0.16%
294.52    0.66%
294.86    0.12%
294.06   -0.27%
 294.1    0.01%
298.23    1.40%
297.17   -0.36%
294.22   -0.99%
294.75    0.18%
293.61   -0.39%
297.82    1.43%
298.82    0.34%
301.32    0.84%
301.23   -0.03%
300.07   -0.39%
 300.6    0.18%
302.11    0.50%
301.43   -0.23%
296.95   -1.49%
298.18    0.41%
295.55   -0.88%
294.84   -0.24%
290.14   -1.59%
291.15    0.35%
289.81   -0.46%
 283.4   -2.21%
281.29   -0.74%
 279.9   -0.49%
285.89    2.14%
287.12    0.43%
289.37    0.78%
286.84   -0.87%
285.51   -0.46%
288.64    1.10%
291.18    0.88%
290.33   -0.29%
290.05   -0.10%
290.75    0.24%
288.17   -0.89%
290.33    0.75%
288.73   -0.55%
286.59   -0.74%
280.14   -2.25%
279.68   -0.16%
 276.6   -1.10%
273.07   -1.28%
266.59   -2.37%
268.94    0.88%
272.01    1.14%
273.49    0.54%
273.31   -0.07%
266.81   -2.38%
249.58   -6.46%
253.81    1.69%
249.68   -1.63%
232.06   -7.06%
234.96    1.25%
218.98   -6.80%
217.76   -0.56%
 207.3   -4.80%
203.35   -1.91%
211.43    3.97%
199.71   -5.54%
 209.4    4.85%
217.72    3.97%
222.85    2.36%
219.58   -1.47%
216.78   -1.28%
220.78    1.85%
216.35   -2.01%
218.73    1.10%
216.77   -0.90%
221.78    2.31%
228.48    3.02%
227.95   -0.23%
231.52    1.57%
 231.6    0.03%
230.69   -0.39%
233.98    1.43%
231.54   -1.04%
230.99   -0.24%
234.23    1.40%
234.47    0.10%
228.79   -2.42%
231.59    1.22%
232.52    0.40%
229.45   -1.32%
 233.3    1.68%
235.31    0.86%
 239.9    1.95%
241.39    0.62%
 239.2   -0.91%
232.15   -2.95%
234.39    0.96%
234.83    0.19%
234.54   -0.12%
 238.3    1.60%
239.36    0.44%
237.97   -0.58%
237.79   -0.08%
 235.7   -0.88%
235.82    0.05%
238.72    1.23%
241.44    1.14%
243.25    0.75%
242.92   -0.14%
236.81   -2.52%
 238.6    0.76%
242.35    1.57%
 242.7    0.14%
242.42   -0.12%
 243.9    0.61%
249.33    2.23%
253.66    1.74%
258.21    1.79%
258.38    0.07%
261.85    1.34%
263.39    0.59%
263.62    0.09%
264.12    0.19%
259.01   -1.93%
258.13   -0.34%
 254.1   -1.56%
259.01    1.93%
260.51    0.58%
260.85    0.13%
 262.5    0.63%
262.77    0.10%
 266.4    1.38%
264.46   -0.73%
263.75   -0.27%
261.81   -0.74%
261.11   -0.27%
261.23    0.05%
262.85    0.62%
269.22    2.42%
 271.7    0.92%
278.94    2.66%
 277.2   -0.62%
281.73    1.63%
284.11    0.84%
281.41   -0.95%
281.77    0.13%
278.27   -1.24%
279.57    0.47%
274.64   -1.76%
276.79    0.78%
279.71    1.05%
 284.6    1.75%
282.72   -0.66%
 282.9    0.06%
278.11   -1.69%
280.46    0.84%
  282     0.55%
283.33    0.47%
281.89   -0.51%
281.56   -0.12%
281.21   -0.12%
  284     0.99%
287.34    1.18%
287.59    0.09%
283.29   -1.50%
 282.4   -0.31%
283.31    0.32%
283.63    0.11%
284.13    0.18%
283.91   -0.08%
285.83    0.68%
288.17    0.82%
286.83   -0.47%
282.97   -1.35%
285.62    0.94%
289.79    1.46%
290.89    0.38%
291.85    0.33%
291.77   -0.03%
 293.3    0.52%
288.68   -1.58%
293.31    1.60%
293.01   -0.10%
289.95   -1.04%
287.88   -0.71%
286.14   -0.60%
283.75   -0.84%
 283.7   -0.02%
283.08   -0.22%
284.65    0.55%
287.67    1.06%
289.66    0.69%
290.88    0.42%
288.68   -0.76%
288.88    0.07%
283.63   -1.82%
282.42   -0.43%
280.78   -0.58%
275.86   -1.75%
276.19    0.12%
278.96    1.00%
278.41   -0.20%
281.88    1.25%
283.05    0.42%
282.19   -0.30%
284.37    0.77%
287.22    1.00%
 288.2    0.34%
290.51    0.80%
292.33    0.63%
295.73    1.16%
295.32   -0.14%
 295.6    0.09%
291.56   -1.37%
292.97    0.48%
293.43    0.16%
295.18    0.60%
295.88    0.24%
295.66   -0.07%
295.77    0.04%
293.83   -0.66%
294.45    0.21%
290.74   -1.26%
 290.9    0.06%
287.35   -1.22%
289.59    0.78%
291.27    0.58%
295.15    1.33%
302.67    2.55%
305.09    0.80%
309.39    1.41%
306.37   -0.98%
305.26   -0.36%
306.38    0.37%
307.75    0.45%
310.62    0.93%
310.72    0.03%
312.36    0.53%
311.08   -0.41%
313.57    0.80%
315.65    0.66%
317.08    0.45%
 314.9   -0.69%
317.53    0.84%
318.28    0.24%
312.62   -1.78%
 317.3    1.50%
317.47    0.05%
319.78    0.73%
 321.8    0.63%
322.02    0.07%
323.22    0.37%
322.69   -0.16%
322.68    0.00%
323.02    0.11%
321.62   -0.43%
321.77    0.05%
325.44    1.14%
328.17    0.84%
 327.2   -0.30%
 323.8   -1.04%
322.21   -0.49%
324.62    0.75%
322.79   -0.56%
323.16    0.11%
322.53   -0.19%
325.84    1.03%
 330.6    1.46%
331.34    0.22%
331.57    0.07%
334.34    0.84%
 337.8    1.03%
336.87   -0.28%
337.98    0.33%
343.78    1.72%
342.48   -0.38%
344.33    0.54%
346.61    0.66%
348.89    0.66%
346.19   -0.77%
347.78    0.46%
352.56    1.37%
357.12    1.29%
357.52    0.11%
354.69   -0.79%
357.84    0.89%
353.68   -1.16%
349.28   -1.24%
344.95   -1.24%
340.73   -1.22%
347.93    2.11%
353.35    1.56%
355.98    0.74%
 355.5   -0.13%
357.29    0.50%
359.51    0.62%
362.25    0.76%
365.49    0.89%
367.04    0.42%
 367.4    0.10%
368.84    0.39%
369.97    0.31%
371.45    0.40%
 367.1   -1.17%
368.17    0.29%
360.27   -2.15%
360.55    0.08%
355.64   -1.36%
355.86    0.06%
345.68   -2.86%
352.43    1.95%
350.92   -0.43%
355.27    1.24%
347.71   -2.13%
345.69   -0.58%
337.39   -2.40%
340.26    0.85%
342.84    0.76%
 351.1    2.41%
348.12   -0.85%
346.23   -0.54%
348.11    0.54%
346.81   -0.37%
347.35    0.16%
345.31   -0.59%
345.15   -0.05%
341.91   -0.94%
335.12   -1.99%
332.33   -0.83%
  337     1.41%
337.71    0.21%
 340.1    0.71%
339.62   -0.14%
344.11    1.32%
 344.2    0.03%
343.95   -0.07%
345.97    0.59%
344.33   -0.47%
 345.8    0.43%
342.87   -0.85%
340.05   -0.82%
339.76   -0.09%
342.53    0.82%
343.64    0.32%
346.25    0.76%
 346.6    0.10%
346.06   -0.16%
344.58   -0.43%
345.69    0.32%
348.69    0.87%
350.67    0.57%
 351.2    0.15%
353.08    0.54%
353.02   -0.02%
  349    -1.14%
347.17   -0.52%
344.99   -0.63%
344.66   -0.10%
346.65    0.58%
348.66    0.58%
347.55   -0.32%
343.59   -1.14%
340.16   -1.00%
335.04   -1.51%
338.29    0.97%
339.63    0.40%
345.37    1.69%
343.94   -0.41%
344.45    0.15%
344.78    0.10%
344.65   -0.04%
348.92    1.24%
350.79    0.54%
352.03    0.35%
353.55    0.43%
357.07    1.00%
360.55    0.97%
360.82    0.07%
359.36   -0.40%
359.35    0.00%
  359    -0.10%
358.41   -0.16%
357.69   -0.20%
359.54    0.52%
 359.7    0.04%
360.42    0.20%
358.56   -0.52%
355.87   -0.75%
354.57   -0.37%
354.09   -0.14%
351.85   -0.63%
350.98   -0.25%
354.53    1.01%
356.13    0.45%
359.35    0.90%
359.43    0.02%
358.53   -0.25%
357.51   -0.28%
355.92   -0.44%
353.12   -0.79%
353.41    0.08%
350.16   -0.92%
349.27   -0.25%
343.35   -1.69%
345.29    0.57%
347.23    0.56%
349.69    0.71%
349.57   -0.03%
351.76    0.63%
349.79   -0.56%
344.53   -1.50%
342.95   -0.46%
343.74    0.23%
347.03    0.96%
342.79   -1.22%
334.85   -2.32%
327.16   -2.30%
331.47    1.32%
338.17    2.02%
334.62   -1.05%
338.84    1.26%
338.05   -0.23%
340.17    0.63%
339.06   -0.33%
 336.9   -0.64%
337.54    0.19%
339.36    0.54%
339.28   -0.02%
338.21   -0.32%
336.45   -0.52%
333.54   -0.86%
329.49   -1.21%
330.87    0.42%
323.88   -2.11%
321.23   -0.82%
326.25    1.56%
333.81    2.32%
335.47    0.50%
333.09   -0.71%
335.25    0.65%
338.88    1.08%
343.62    1.40%
345.15    0.45%
345.18    0.01%
346.12    0.27%
347.97    0.53%
348.89    0.26%
345.54   -0.96%
343.68   -0.54%
345.63    0.57%
344.47   -0.34%
342.42   -0.60%
340.71   -0.50%
337.88   -0.83%
337.68   -0.06%
331.06   -1.96%
 332.2    0.34%
333.07    0.26%
336.36    0.99%
334.03   -0.69%
 334.7    0.20%
332.91   -0.53%
330.45   -0.74%
331.89    0.44%
330.75   -0.34%
328.07   -0.81%
329.39    0.40%
327.22   -0.66%
333.88    2.04%
334.74    0.26%
335.98    0.37%
333.96   -0.60%
335.39    0.43%
336.43    0.31%
340.73    1.28%
340.99    0.08%
343.88    0.85%
344.52    0.19%
342.55   -0.57%
342.18   -0.11%
342.85    0.20%
342.14   -0.21%
339.39   -0.80%
337.29   -0.62%
 334.9   -0.71%
335.97    0.32%
334.32   -0.49%
335.12    0.24%
 336.3    0.35%
335.24   -0.32%
337.32    0.62%
338.32    0.30%
338.97    0.19%
341.22    0.66%
341.98    0.22%
342.06    0.02%
342.54    0.14%
341.62   -0.27%
337.38   -1.24%
337.02   -0.11%
333.63   -1.01%
 332.5   -0.34%
332.53    0.01%
333.41    0.26%
325.05   -2.51%
323.91   -0.35%
322.84   -0.33%
324.96    0.66%
326.52    0.48%
323.44   -0.94%
322.01   -0.44%
326.63    1.43%
328.96    0.71%
329.87    0.28%
328.36   -0.46%
326.16   -0.67%
324.17   -0.61%
321.59   -0.80%
323.85    0.70%
 321.5   -0.73%
314.64   -2.13%
 319.6    1.58%
320.72    0.35%
323.51    0.87%
323.61    0.03%
324.19    0.18%
324.95    0.23%
 322.9   -0.63%
325.86    0.92%
327.39    0.47%
328.07    0.21%
327.93   -0.04%
325.46   -0.75%
324.43   -0.32%
325.81    0.43%
328.12    0.71%
330.92    0.85%
 336.3    1.63%
334.62   -0.50%
333.92   -0.21%
334.06    0.04%
 330.6   -1.04%
330.67    0.02%
334.27    1.09%
330.67   -1.08%
325.07   -1.69%
322.73   -0.72%
322.88    0.05%
319.26   -1.12%
318.61   -0.20%
324.16    1.74%
325.96    0.56%
325.51   -0.14%
324.19   -0.41%
 325.6    0.43%
325.87    0.08%
327.07    0.37%
331.92    1.48%
333.71    0.54%
330.42   -0.99%
325.08   -1.62%
329.02    1.21%
332.03    0.91%
331.18   -0.26%
328.52   -0.80%
325.37   -0.96%
321.67   -1.14%
 321.9    0.07%
308.29   -4.23%
313.45    1.67%
312.85   -0.19%
314.65    0.58%
312.51   -0.68%
 312.6    0.03%
305.89   -2.15%
296.24   -3.15%
288.91   -2.47%
 292.6    1.28%
294.03    0.49%
290.22   -1.30%
282.39   -2.70%
275.45   -2.46%
290.45    5.45%
298.56    2.79%
300.37    0.61%
 298.5   -0.62%
302.64    1.39%
304.24    0.53%
303.88   -0.12%
301.17   -0.89%
301.21    0.01%
304.05    0.94%
307.36    1.09%
304.87   -0.81%
307.12    0.74%
311.65    1.47%
309.92   -0.56%
 307.1   -0.91%
302.59   -1.47%
303.61    0.34%
299.58   -1.33%
299.17   -0.14%
300.61    0.48%
299.93   -0.23%
299.17   -0.25%
297.59   -0.53%
294.92   -0.90%
294.34   -0.20%
291.91   -0.83%
288.94   -1.02%
281.29   -2.65%
281.32    0.01%
281.36    0.01%
283.63    0.81%
 287.7    1.43%
287.11   -0.21%
286.72   -0.14%
285.45   -0.44%
283.43   -0.71%
276.92   -2.30%
271.36   -2.01%
269.69   -0.62%
 270.1    0.15%
264.84   -1.95%
269.28    1.68%
 269.9    0.23%
 275.8    2.19%
275.46   -0.12%
272.17   -1.19%
276.56    1.61%
276.66    0.04%
272.01   -1.68%
272.47    0.17%
274.97    0.92%
 278.9    1.43%
283.68    1.71%
 286.8    1.10%
284.32   -0.86%
284.52    0.07%
283.41   -0.39%
286.03    0.92%
284.61   -0.50%
287.78    1.11%
284.72   -1.06%
281.85   -1.01%
272.14   -3.45%
273.59    0.53%
274.91    0.48%
270.71   -1.53%
269.87   -0.31%
268.97   -0.33%
273.79    1.79%
268.32   -2.00%
269.44    0.42%
273.15    1.38%
276.75    1.32%
276.66   -0.03%
273.39   -1.18%
270.16   -1.18%
268.42   -0.64%
268.43    0.00%
267.56   -0.32%
264.97   -0.97%
268.51    1.34%
269.23    0.27%
264.19   -1.87%
261.17   -1.14%
 261.8    0.24%
 259.8   -0.76%
 259.3   -0.19%
263.72    1.70%
 264.4    0.26%
265.78    0.52%
 266.7    0.35%
266.48   -0.08%
265.98   -0.19%
265.78   -0.08%
266.66    0.33%
268.45    0.67%
267.32   -0.42%
268.36    0.39%
265.89   -0.92%
265.88    0.00%
267.97    0.79%
269.67    0.63%
269.98    0.11%
269.94   -0.01%
269.96    0.01%
273.68    1.38%
274.43    0.27%
274.16   -0.10%
274.03   -0.05%
274.42    0.14%
273.38   -0.38%
271.13   -0.82%
269.26   -0.69%
269.58    0.12%
 268.7   -0.33%
273.05    1.62%
 273.3    0.09%
270.16   -1.15%
270.04   -0.04%
270.04    0.00%
266.43   -1.34%
265.78   -0.24%
265.18   -0.23%
264.02   -0.44%
 262.8   -0.46%
 263.1    0.11%
266.71    1.37%
269.52    1.05%
267.82   -0.63%
264.52   -1.23%
263.36   -0.44%
258.71   -1.77%
257.75   -0.37%
259.27    0.59%
255.58   -1.42%
253.71   -0.73%
249.03   -1.84%
244.28   -1.91%
245.01    0.30%
241.76   -1.33%
240.73   -0.43%
241.86    0.47%
242.13    0.11%
247.15    2.07%
 249.7    1.03%
249.86    0.06%
246.52   -1.34%
242.76   -1.53%
238.05   -1.94%
 238.2    0.06%
235.74   -1.03%
237.27    0.65%
238.83    0.66%
241.48    1.11%
237.94   -1.47%
238.47    0.22%
238.58    0.05%
232.55   -2.53%
232.64    0.04%
235.08    1.05%
236.08    0.43%
 232.7   -1.43%
233.14    0.19%
237.78    1.99%
239.09    0.55%
237.17   -0.80%
243.36    2.61%
 245.9    1.04%
 245.9    0.00%
244.96   -0.38%
243.72   -0.51%
252.99    3.80%
 254.5    0.60%
259.58    2.00%
257.61   -0.76%
255.93   -0.65%
255.38   -0.21%
252.71   -1.05%
252.28   -0.17%
253.28    0.40%
256.19    1.15%
254.73   -0.57%
253.35   -0.54%
258.19    1.91%
263.56    2.08%
264.58    0.39%
264.84    0.10%
266.39    0.59%
264.55   -0.69%
261.37   -1.20%
264.12    1.05%
  265     0.33%
261.68   -1.25%
262.49    0.31%
 264.1    0.61%
260.86   -1.23%
259.95   -0.35%
259.83   -0.05%
258.15   -0.65%
258.75    0.23%
260.16    0.54%
258.07   -0.80%
258.76    0.27%
259.57    0.31%
259.97    0.15%
260.64    0.26%
260.42   -0.08%
260.49    0.03%
262.48    0.76%
265.35    1.09%
267.16    0.68%
 268.1    0.35%
272.96    1.81%
273.58    0.23%
274.13    0.20%
274.59    0.17%
277.44    1.04%
277.59    0.05%
276.54   -0.38%
277.35    0.29%
277.03   -0.12%
279.04    0.73%
 279.8    0.27%
279.85    0.02%
279.63   -0.08%
281.96    0.83%
280.89   -0.38%
279.37   -0.54%
277.65   -0.62%
280.16    0.90%
280.39    0.08%
278.47   -0.68%
 273.5   -1.78%
273.51    0.00%
274.32    0.30%
275.18    0.31%
272.36   -1.02%
273.02    0.24%
  273    -0.01%
271.49   -0.55%
272.37    0.32%
269.87   -0.92%
271.38    0.56%
 268.9   -0.91%
 266.1   -1.04%
266.82    0.27%
263.04   -1.42%
262.44   -0.23%
261.96   -0.18%
266.91    1.89%
266.11   -0.30%
268.01    0.71%
269.11    0.41%
267.35   -0.65%
266.03   -0.49%
263.09   -1.11%
260.03   -1.16%
260.31    0.11%
257.08   -1.24%
256.34   -0.29%
255.29   -0.41%
 257.3    0.79%
255.27   -0.79%
257.87    1.02%
259.75    0.73%
 263.1    1.29%
262.02   -0.41%
260.29   -0.66%
261.61    0.51%
 264.2    0.99%
265.65    0.55%
 266.8    0.43%
267.08    0.10%
266.65   -0.16%
266.48   -0.06%
266.43   -0.02%
266.53    0.04%
 266.7    0.06%
268.79    0.78%
268.49   -0.11%
269.14    0.24%
269.76    0.23%
270.72    0.36%
270.08   -0.24%
267.46   -0.97%
267.21   -0.09%
264.67   -0.95%
264.33   -0.13%
 261.2   -1.18%
262.14    0.36%
263.25    0.42%
264.77    0.58%
264.69   -0.03%
 263.9   -0.30%
263.07   -0.31%
264.75    0.64%
265.84    0.41%
267.91    0.78%
265.78   -0.80%
265.53   -0.09%
265.05   -0.18%
264.03   -0.38%
265.19    0.44%
265.34    0.06%
264.23   -0.42%
264.45    0.08%
263.67   -0.29%
264.95    0.49%
263.52   -0.54%
261.59   -0.73%
259.92   -0.64%
261.86    0.75%
261.94    0.03%
261.22   -0.27%
258.61   -1.00%
259.74    0.44%
264.87    1.98%
265.62    0.28%
265.96    0.13%
 267.9    0.73%
267.49   -0.15%
 269.1    0.60%
269.38    0.10%
271.41    0.75%
272.49    0.40%
274.97    0.91%
276.52    0.56%
 275.3   -0.44%
272.67   -0.96%
271.08   -0.58%
  270    -0.40%
267.77   -0.83%
266.78   -0.37%
268.27    0.56%
267.87   -0.15%
267.24   -0.24%
268.13    0.33%
271.83    1.38%
272.62    0.29%
270.79   -0.67%
266.88   -1.44%
266.27   -0.23%
266.65    0.14%
269.35    1.01%
271.79    0.91%
275.27    1.28%
 276.8    0.56%
277.06    0.09%
275.45   -0.58%
274.85   -0.22%
274.93    0.03%
274.46   -0.17%
273.87   -0.21%
278.67    1.75%
278.96    0.10%
 279.7    0.27%
281.96    0.81%
283.04    0.38%
281.66   -0.49%
276.19   -1.94%
275.31   -0.32%
276.54    0.45%
276.24   -0.11%
 273.3   -1.06%
274.14    0.31%
274.06   -0.03%
271.55   -0.92%
268.61   -1.08%
267.47   -0.42%
266.51   -0.36%
266.16   -0.13%
 263.7   -0.92%
262.63   -0.41%
264.44    0.69%
265.56    0.42%
267.78    0.84%
265.19   -0.97%
266.92    0.65%
269.68    1.03%
269.99    0.11%
267.94   -0.76%
269.08    0.43%
271.71    0.98%
 269.5   -0.81%
268.59   -0.34%
266.77   -0.68%
267.02    0.09%
268.09    0.40%
267.32   -0.29%
267.22   -0.04%
268.83    0.60%
269.11    0.10%
267.07   -0.76%
266.76   -0.12%
265.62   -0.43%
262.12   -1.32%
264.29    0.83%
262.67   -0.61%
260.52   -0.82%
260.96    0.17%
260.06   -0.34%
 262.4    0.90%
  262    -0.15%
258.64   -1.28%
256.56   -0.80%
257.05    0.19%
258.93    0.73%
258.01   -0.36%
260.68    1.03%
263.04    0.91%
264.26    0.46%
 261.7   -0.97%
260.54   -0.44%
261.52    0.38%
258.59   -1.12%
256.02   -0.99%
254.71   -0.51%
252.58   -0.84%
 252.8    0.09%
 253.1    0.12%
251.36   -0.69%
253.85    0.99%
254.42    0.22%
252.89   -0.60%
252.89    0.00%
256.15    1.29%
260.38    1.65%
264.01    1.39%
262.93   -0.41%
262.82   -0.04%
262.14   -0.26%
260.39   -0.67%
261.82    0.55%
263.62    0.69%
268.76    1.95%
268.39   -0.14%
 267.7   -0.26%
269.95    0.84%
270.63    0.25%
269.36   -0.47%
270.63    0.47%
269.23   -0.52%
268.42   -0.30%
 270.3    0.70%
269.84   -0.17%
270.67    0.31%
270.45   -0.08%
  270    -0.17%
268.32   -0.62%
269.23    0.34%
268.43   -0.30%
268.78    0.13%
 268.4   -0.14%
268.92    0.19%
268.64   -0.10%
273.18    1.69%
275.06    0.69%
274.09   -0.35%
274.46    0.13%
272.72   -0.63%
273.62    0.33%
272.38   -0.45%
 272.5   0.04%
273.88   0.51%
276.49   0.95%
279.58   1.12%
280.09   0.18%
to estimate the relative
  a proxy for returns on
nt of varation in yields to
a return on an emerging
 tions are now computed
onds. (Using the old yield
1.49 in this computation.)
                          Data
Region                    Average of Adj. Default SpreAverage of Country Risk Prem Average of Equity Risk Prem
Africa                                        6.98%                         9.37%                      13.97%
Asia                                          4.22%                         5.66%                      10.26%
Australia & New Zealand                       1.63%                         2.19%                       6.79%
Caribbean                                     4.12%                         5.53%                      10.13%
Central and South America                     6.20%                         8.32%                      12.92%
Eastern Europe & Russia                       4.14%                         5.56%                      10.16%
Middle East                                   3.64%                         4.89%                       9.49%
North America                                 0.00%                         0.00%                       4.60%
Western Europe                                1.03%                         1.38%                       5.98%
Total Result                                  4.28%                         5.75%                      10.35%
Average of Corporate Tax Rate
                   26.82%
                   24.51%
                   29.25%
                   17.76%
                   28.37%
                   16.11%
                   13.46%
                   25.75%
                   19.52%
                   21.74%
Country              GDP (in billions)   Moody's rating Adj. Default SpreadEquity Risk Premiu
Angola                  106782.77            B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Benin                    17396.79            B1                4.90%                  11.18%
Botswana                 20355.54            A3                1.31%                   6.35%
Burkina Faso             18820.06           Caa1               8.17%                  15.57%
Cameroon                 43644.07           Caa1               8.17%                  15.57%
Cape Verde                1936.00            B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Congo (Democratic Rep 64718.64               B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Congo (Republic of)      14616.00           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Côte d'Ivoire            70019.00            Ba3               3.92%                   9.86%
Egypt                   476747.72           Caa1               8.17%                  15.57%
Ethiopia                126783.47           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Gabon                    21071.74           Caa1               8.17%                  15.57%
Ghana                    73766.05           Caa3              10.90%                  19.23%
Kenya                   113420.01            B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Mali                     18827.18           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Mauritius                12948.73           Baa3               2.39%                   7.81%
Morocco                 130912.56            Ba1               2.73%                   8.26%
Mozambique               18406.84           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Namibia                  12914.93            B1                4.90%                  11.18%
Niger                    15342.28           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Nigeria                 472624.60           Caa1               8.17%                  15.57%
Rwanda                   13311.49            B2                5.99%                  12.64%
Senegal                  27684.26            Ba3               3.92%                   9.86%
South Africa            405270.85            Ba2               3.28%                   9.00%
Swaziland                 4790.92            B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Tanzania                 75732.31            B2                5.99%                  12.64%
Togo                      8341.23            B3                7.08%                  14.11%
Tunisia                  46303.55           Caa2               9.81%                  17.77%
Uganda                   45567.30            B2                5.99%                  12.64%
Zambia                   29163.78           Caa3              10.90%                  19.23%
Africa                2508220.68                               6.83%            13.76%
Bangladesh              460201.27            B1                4.90%                  11.18%
Cambodia                 29504.83            B2                5.99%                  12.64%
China                 17963171.48            A1                0.77%                   5.63%
Fiji                      4979.98            B1                4.90%                  11.18%
Hong Kong               359838.58            Aa3               0.65%                   5.48%
India                  3416645.83           Baa3               2.39%                   7.81%
Indonesia              1319100.22           Baa2               2.07%                   7.38%
Japan                  4232173.92            A1                0.77%                   5.63%
Korea                  1673916.47            Aa2               0.54%                   5.32%
Laos                        15468.79     Caa3   10.90%        19.23%
Macao                       24042.29     Aa3     0.65%         5.48%
Malaysia                   407027.45      A3     1.31%         6.35%
Maldives                     6170.64     Caa1    8.17%        15.57%
Mongolia                    17146.47      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Pakistan                   374697.37     Caa3   10.90%        19.23%
Papua New Guinea            31603.62      B2     5.99%        12.64%
Philippines                404284.33     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Singapore                  466788.43     Aaa     0.00%         4.60%
Solomon Islands              1597.20     Caa1    8.17%        15.57%
Sri Lanka                   74403.58      Ca    13.07%        22.15%
Taiwan                     761690.00     Aa3     0.65%         5.48%
Thailand                   495423.34     Baa1    1.74%         6.94%
Vietnam                    408802.00     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
Asia                   32948678.067338           1.25%    6.28%
Australia                 1692956.65     Aaa     0.00%         4.60%
Cook Islands                 1414.00     B1      4.90%        11.18%
New Zealand                248101.71     Aaa     0.00%         4.60%
Australia & New Zeala 1942472.3523971            0.00%    4.60%
Aruba                        3544.71     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Bahamas                     11210.00      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Barbados                     5699.95      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Bermuda                      7546.00      A2     0.92%         5.84%
Cayman Islands               6844.83     Aa3     0.65%         5.48%
Cuba                       633442.30      Ca    13.07%        22.15%
Curacao                      3075.18     Baa3    2.39%         7.81%
Dominican Republic         113537.37     Ba3     3.92%         9.86%
Jamaica                     17097.76      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Montserrat                  16199.00     Baa3    2.39%         7.81%
St. Maarten                 11900.00     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
St. Vincent & the Gren       8100.00      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Trinidad and Tobago         30053.58     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
Turks and Caicos Islan       1138.81     Baa1    1.74%         6.94%
Caribbean              869389.47891538          10.54%   18.75%
Argentina                  631133.38      Ca    13.07%        22.15%
Belize                       2830.51     Caa2    9.81%        17.77%
Bolivia                     44008.28     Caa1    8.17%        15.57%
Brazil                    1920095.78     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
Chile                      301024.72      A2     0.92%         5.84%
Colombia                   343622.11     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Costa Rica                  69243.63      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Ecuador                  115049.48     Caa3   10.90%        19.23%
El Salvador               32488.72     Caa3   10.90%        19.23%
Guatemala                 95003.33     Ba1     2.73%         8.26%
Honduras                  31717.70      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Mexico                  1465854.09     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Nicaragua                 15671.58      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Panama                    76522.51     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Paraguay                  41722.30     Ba1     2.73%         8.26%
Peru                     242631.57     Baa1    1.74%         6.94%
Suriname                   3620.99     Caa3   10.90%        19.23%
Uruguay                   71177.15     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Venezuela                 98400.00      C     17.50%        28.09%
Central and South Ame5601817.8332649           4.29%   10.36%
Albania                   18916.38      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Armenia                   19513.47     Ba3     3.92%         9.86%
Azerbaijan                78721.06     Ba1     2.73%         8.26%
Belarus                   72793.46      C     17.50%        28.09%
Bosnia and Herzegovin     24473.91      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Bulgaria                  90346.17     Baa1    1.74%         6.94%
Croatia                   71600.05     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Czech Republic           290527.55     Aa3     0.65%         5.48%
Estonia                   38100.81      A1     0.77%         5.63%
Georgia                   24780.79     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
Hungary                  177337.44     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Kazakhstan               225496.33     Baa2    2.07%         7.38%
Kyrgyzstan                11543.97      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Latvia                    40932.03      A3     1.31%         6.35%
Lithuania                 70974.49      A2     0.92%         5.84%
Macedonia                 13563.13     Ba3     3.92%         9.86%
Moldova                   14508.33      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Montenegro                 6229.80      B1     4.90%        11.18%
Poland                   688125.01      A2     0.92%         5.84%
Romania                  300691.35     Baa3    2.39%         7.81%
Russia                  2240422.43     NA      4.90%        11.18%
Serbia                    63563.40     Ba2     3.28%         9.00%
Slovakia                 115461.71      A2     0.92%         5.84%
Slovenia                  60063.48      A3     1.31%         6.35%
Tajikistan                10492.12      B3     7.08%        14.11%
Ukraine                  160502.74      Ca    13.07%        22.15%
Uzbekistan                80391.85     Ba3     3.92%         9.86%
Eastern Europe & Russ 5010073.27               3.77%    9.66%
Abu Dhabi                   299500.00     Aa2     0.54%        5.32%
Bahrain                      44383.30      B2     5.99%       12.64%
Iraq                        264182.17     Caa1    8.17%       15.57%
Israel                      525002.45      A1     0.77%        5.63%
Jordan                       48653.38      B1     4.90%       11.18%
Kuwait                      175363.27      A1     0.77%        5.63%
Lebanon                      23131.94      C     17.50%       28.09%
Oman                        114667.36     Ba1     2.73%        8.26%
Qatar                       236258.30     Aa3     0.65%        5.48%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emira        11000.00      A3     1.31%        6.35%
Saudi Arabia               1108571.52      A1     0.77%        5.63%
Sharjah                      24800.00     Ba1     2.73%        8.26%
United Arab Emirates        507063.97     Aa2     0.54%        5.32%
Middle East                3382577.66             1.61%   6.76%
Canada                     2137939.22     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
United States             25439700.00     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
North America           27577639.220075           0.00%   4.60%
Andorra (Principality o       3330.00     Baa2    2.07%        7.38%
Austria                     470941.93     Aa1     0.44%        5.18%
Belgium                     583435.60     Aa3     0.65%        5.48%
Cyprus                       29250.52     Baa2    2.07%        7.38%
Denmark                     400167.20     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Finland                     282896.25     Aa1     0.44%        5.18%
France                     2779092.24     Aa2     0.54%        5.32%
Germany                    4082469.49     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Greece                      217581.32     Ba1     2.73%        8.26%
Guernsey (States of)          3446.00      A1     0.77%        5.63%
Iceland                      28064.53      A2     0.92%        5.84%
Ireland                     533140.01     Aa3     0.65%        5.48%
Isle of Man                   6684.23     Aa3     0.65%        5.48%
Italy                      2049737.17     Baa3    2.39%        7.81%
Jersey (States of)            4890.00     Aa3     0.65%        5.48%
Liechtenstein                 7710.38     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Luxembourg                   81641.81     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Malta                        18125.56      A2     0.92%        5.84%
Netherlands                1009398.72     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Norway                      579422.45     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Portugal                    255196.66      A3     1.31%        6.35%
Spain                      1417800.47     Baa1    1.74%        6.94%
Sweden                      591188.59     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Switzerland                 818426.55     Aaa     0.00%        4.60%
Turkey                           907118.44                    B3                  7.08%                      14.11%
United Kingdom                  3089072.72                    Aa3                 0.65%                       5.48%
Western Europe               20250228.834865                                      0.96%                  5.89%
Region                       Weighted Average: ERP Weighted Average: CRP
                                                                     Weighted Average: Default Spreads   Tax Rate
Africa                              13.76%                 9.16%                  6.83%                  27.30%
Asia                                 6.28%                 1.68%                  1.25%                  25.76%
Australia & New Zealand              4.60%                 0.00%                  0.00%                  29.74%
Caribbean                           18.75%                14.15%                 10.54%                  27.25%
Central and South America           10.36%                 5.76%                  4.29%                  31.60%
Eastern Europe & Russia              9.66%                 5.06%                  3.77%                  18.49%
Middle East                          6.76%                 2.16%                  1.61%                  18.76%
North America                        4.60%                 0.00%                  0.00%                  25.12%
Western Europe                       5.89%                 1.29%                  0.96%                  24.71%
Global                               6.41%                 1.81%                  1.35%                  25.23%
                  For updating industry average spreadsheets
                                        ERP               Default Spread          Tax rate
Africa & Mid East                      9.74%                  3.83%               22.40%
Australia, NZ & Canada                 4.60%                  0.00%               28.04%
Latin America & Caribbean             11.49%                  5.13%               31.01%
Japan                                  5.63%                  0.77%               30.62%
US                                     4.60%                  0.00%               25.00%
Europe                                 5.89%                  0.96%               24.71%
Emerging Markets                       7.88%                  2.44%               24.83%
Small Asia (No India, China &          7.53%                  2.18%               22.05%
India                                  7.81%                  2.39%               30.00%
China                                  5.63%                  0.77%               25.00%
Global                                 6.41%                  1.35%               25.23%
                        For other regional groupings
                                      ERP                Default Spread           Tax rate
EMEA                                 6.76%                   1.61%                 2.16%
Country Risk Premium Corporate Tax Rate   Region   GDP Weight
       9.51%              25.00%          Africa             4.26%
       6.58%              30.00%          Africa             0.69%
       1.75%              22.00%          Africa             0.81%
      10.97%              28.00%          Africa             0.75%
      10.97%              33.00%          Africa             1.74%
       9.51%               0.00%          Africa             0.08%
       9.51%              30.00%          Africa             2.58%
      13.17%              28.00%          Africa             0.58%
       5.26%              25.00%          Africa             2.79%
      10.97%              22.50%          Africa            19.01%
      13.17%              30.00%          Africa             5.05%
      10.97%              30.00%          Africa             0.84%
      14.63%              25.00%          Africa             2.94%
       9.51%              30.00%          Africa             4.52%
      13.17%              26.86%          Africa             0.75%
       3.21%              15.00%          Africa             0.52%
       3.66%              32.00%          Africa             5.22%
      13.17%              32.00%          Africa             0.73%
       6.58%              32.00%          Africa             0.51%
      13.17%              26.86%          Africa             0.61%
      10.97%              30.00%          Africa            18.84%
       8.04%              30.00%          Africa             0.53%
       5.26%              30.00%          Africa             1.10%
       4.40%              27.00%          Africa            16.16%
       9.51%              27.50%          Africa             0.19%
       8.04%              30.00%          Africa             3.02%
       9.51%              26.86%          Africa             0.33%
      13.17%              15.00%          Africa             1.85%
       8.04%              30.00%          Africa             1.82%
      14.63%              35.00%          Africa             1.16%
       9.16%              27.30%                           100.00%
       6.58%              30.00%          Asia               1.40%
       8.04%              20.00%          Asia               0.09%
       1.03%              25.00%          Asia              54.52%
       6.58%              20.00%          Asia               0.02%
       0.88%              16.50%          Asia               1.09%
       3.21%              30.00%          Asia              10.37%
       2.78%              22.00%          Asia               4.00%
       1.03%              30.62%          Asia              12.84%
       0.72%              25.00%          Asia               5.08%
14.63%   26.86%   Asia                          0.05%
 0.88%   26.86%   Asia                          0.07%
 1.75%   24.00%   Asia                          1.24%
10.97%   26.86%   Asia                          0.02%
 9.51%   25.00%   Asia                          0.05%
14.63%   29.00%   Asia                          1.14%
 8.04%   30.00%   Asia                          0.10%
 2.78%   25.00%   Asia                          1.23%
 0.00%   17.00%   Asia                          1.42%
10.97%   30.00%   Asia                          0.00%
17.55%   24.00%   Asia                          0.23%
 0.88%   20.00%   Asia                          2.31%
 2.34%   20.00%   Asia                          1.50%
 4.40%   20.00%   Asia                          1.24%
 1.68%   25.76%                               100.00%
 0.00%   30.00%   Australia & New Zealand      87.15%
 6.58%   29.74%   Australia & New Zealand       0.07%
 0.00%   28.00%   Australia & New Zealand      12.77%
 0.00%   29.74%                               100.00%
 2.78%   25.00%   Caribbean                     0.41%
 6.58%    0.00%   Caribbean                     1.29%
 9.51%    5.50%   Caribbean                     0.66%
 1.24%    0.00%   Caribbean                     0.87%
 0.88%    0.00%   Caribbean                     0.79%
17.55%   28.53%   Caribbean                    72.86%
 3.21%   22.00%   Caribbean                     0.35%
 5.26%   27.00%   Caribbean                    13.06%
 6.58%   25.00%   Caribbean                     1.97%
 3.21%   28.53%   Caribbean                     1.86%
 4.40%   28.53%   Caribbean                     1.37%
 9.51%   28.53%   Caribbean                     0.93%
 4.40%   30.00%   Caribbean                     3.46%
 2.34%    0.00%   Caribbean                     0.13%
14.15%   27.25%                               100.00%
17.55%   35.00%   Central and South America    11.27%
13.17%   28.53%   Central and South America     0.05%
10.97%   25.00%   Central and South America     0.79%
 4.40%   34.00%   Central and South America    34.28%
 1.24%   27.00%   Central and South America     5.37%
 2.78%   35.00%   Central and South America     6.13%
 6.58%   30.00%   Central and South America     1.24%
14.63%   25.00%   Central and South America     2.05%
14.63%   30.00%   Central and South America     0.58%
 3.66%   25.00%   Central and South America     1.70%
 6.58%   25.00%   Central and South America     0.57%
 2.78%   30.00%   Central and South America    26.17%
 9.51%   30.00%   Central and South America     0.28%
 2.78%   25.00%   Central and South America     1.37%
 3.66%   10.00%   Central and South America     0.74%
 2.34%   29.50%   Central and South America     4.33%
14.63%   36.00%   Central and South America     0.06%
 2.78%   25.00%   Central and South America     1.27%
23.49%   34.00%   Central and South America     1.76%
 5.76%   31.60%                               100.00%
 6.58%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.38%
 5.26%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.39%
 3.66%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.57%
23.49%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.45%
 9.51%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.49%
 2.34%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.80%
 2.78%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.43%
 0.88%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       5.80%
 1.03%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.76%
 4.40%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.49%
 2.78%    9.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       3.54%
 2.78%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       4.50%
 9.51%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.23%
 1.75%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.82%
 1.24%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.42%
 5.26%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.27%
 9.51%   12.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.29%
 6.58%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.12%
 1.24%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia      13.73%
 3.21%   16.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       6.00%
 6.58%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia      44.72%
 4.40%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.27%
 1.24%   21.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       2.30%
 1.75%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.20%
 9.51%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       0.21%
17.55%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       3.20%
 5.26%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia       1.60%
 5.06%   18.49%                               100.00%
 0.72%   15.00%   Middle East        8.85%
 8.04%    0.00%   Middle East        1.31%
10.97%   15.00%   Middle East        7.81%
 1.03%   23.00%   Middle East       15.52%
 6.58%   20.00%   Middle East        1.44%
 1.03%   15.00%   Middle East        5.18%
23.49%   17.00%   Middle East        0.68%
 3.66%   15.00%   Middle East        3.39%
 0.88%   10.00%   Middle East        6.98%
 1.75%    0.00%   Middle East        0.33%
 1.03%   20.00%   Middle East       32.77%
 3.66%    0.00%   Middle East        0.73%
 0.72%   25.00%   Middle East       14.99%
 2.16%   18.76%                    100.00%
 0.00%   26.50%   North America      7.75%
 0.00%   25.00%   North America     92.25%
 0.00%   25.12%
 2.78%   18.98%   Western Europe     0.02%
 0.58%   24.00%   Western Europe     2.33%
 0.88%   25.00%   Western Europe     2.88%
 2.78%   12.50%   Western Europe     0.14%
 0.00%   22.00%   Western Europe     1.98%
 0.58%   20.00%   Western Europe     1.40%
 0.72%   25.00%   Western Europe    13.72%
 0.00%   30.00%   Western Europe    20.16%
 3.66%   22.00%   Western Europe     1.07%
 1.03%    0.00%   Western Europe     0.02%
 1.24%   20.00%   Western Europe     0.14%
 0.88%   12.50%   Western Europe     2.63%
 0.88%    0.00%   Western Europe     0.03%
 3.21%   24.00%   Western Europe    10.12%
 0.88%    0.00%   Western Europe     0.02%
 0.00%   12.50%   Western Europe     0.04%
 0.00%   24.94%   Western Europe     0.40%
 1.24%   35.00%   Western Europe     0.09%
 0.00%   25.80%   Western Europe     4.98%
 0.00%   22.00%   Western Europe     2.86%
 1.75%   21.00%   Western Europe     1.26%
 2.34%   25.00%   Western Europe     7.00%
 0.00%   20.60%   Western Europe     2.92%
 0.00%   14.60%   Western Europe     4.04%
    9.51%          25.00%   Western Europe                            4.48%
    0.88%          25.00%   Western Europe                           15.25%
    1.29%          24.71%                                           100.00%
   Total GDP       Weight                Weight *ERP           Weight*CRP
2508220.67893252    2.51%                              0.34%             0.23%
32948678.067338    32.92%                              2.07%             0.55%
1942472.3523971     1.94%                              0.09%             0.00%
869389.478915383    0.87%                              0.16%             0.12%
5601817.83326486    5.60%                              0.58%             0.32%
5010073.2660032     5.01%                              0.48%             0.25%
3382577.65656817    3.38%                              0.23%             0.07%
27577639.2200749   27.55%                              1.27%             0.00%
20250228.8348654   20.23%                              1.19%             0.26%
100091097.38836
Weight*Default SpreadWeight*ERP         Weight*CRP      Weight * Tax Rate
               0.30%              0.60%           0.40%            1.06%
               0.03%              0.08%           0.05%            0.21%
               0.01%              0.05%           0.01%            0.18%
               0.06%              0.12%           0.08%            0.21%
               0.14%              0.27%           0.19%            0.57%
               0.01%              0.01%           0.01%            0.00%
               0.18%              0.36%           0.25%            0.77%
               0.06%              0.10%           0.08%            0.16%
               0.11%              0.28%           0.15%            0.70%
               1.55%              2.96%           2.08%            4.28%
               0.50%              0.90%           0.67%            1.52%
               0.07%              0.13%           0.09%            0.25%
               0.32%              0.57%           0.43%            0.74%
               0.32%              0.64%           0.43%            1.36%
               0.07%              0.13%           0.10%            0.20%
               0.01%              0.04%           0.02%            0.08%
               0.14%              0.43%           0.19%            1.67%
               0.07%              0.13%           0.10%            0.23%
               0.03%              0.06%           0.03%            0.16%
               0.06%              0.11%           0.08%            0.16%
               1.54%              2.93%           2.07%            5.65%
               0.03%              0.07%           0.04%            0.16%
               0.04%              0.11%           0.06%            0.33%
               0.53%              1.45%           0.71%            4.36%
               0.01%              0.03%           0.02%            0.05%
               0.18%              0.38%           0.24%            0.91%
               0.02%              0.05%           0.03%            0.09%
               0.18%              0.33%           0.24%            0.28%
               0.11%              0.23%           0.15%            0.55%
               0.13%              0.22%           0.17%            0.41%
              0.07%               0.16%           0.09%            0.42%
              0.01%               0.01%           0.01%            0.02%
              0.42%               3.07%           0.56%           13.63%
              0.00%               0.00%           0.00%            0.00%
              0.01%               0.06%           0.01%            0.18%
              0.25%               0.81%           0.33%            3.11%
              0.08%               0.30%           0.11%            0.88%
              0.10%               0.72%           0.13%            3.93%
              0.03%               0.27%           0.04%            1.27%
0.01%    0.01%    0.01%    0.01%
0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.02%
0.02%    0.08%    0.02%    0.30%
0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.01%
0.00%    0.01%    0.00%    0.01%
0.12%    0.22%    0.17%    0.33%
0.01%    0.01%    0.01%    0.03%
0.03%    0.09%    0.03%    0.31%
0.00%    0.07%    0.00%    0.24%
0.00%    0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
0.03%    0.05%    0.04%    0.05%
0.02%    0.13%    0.02%    0.46%
0.03%    0.10%    0.04%    0.30%
0.04%    0.11%    0.05%    0.25%
0.00%    4.01%    0.00%   26.15%
0.00%    0.01%    0.00%    0.02%
0.00%    0.59%    0.00%    3.58%
0.01%    0.03%    0.01%    0.10%
0.06%    0.14%    0.08%    0.00%
0.05%    0.09%    0.06%    0.04%
0.01%    0.05%    0.01%    0.00%
0.01%    0.04%    0.01%    0.00%
9.53%   16.14%   12.79%   20.79%
0.01%    0.03%    0.01%    0.08%
0.51%    1.29%    0.69%    3.53%
0.10%    0.22%    0.13%    0.49%
0.04%    0.15%    0.06%    0.53%
0.04%    0.12%    0.06%    0.39%
0.07%    0.13%    0.09%    0.27%
0.11%    0.31%    0.15%    1.04%
0.00%    0.01%    0.00%    0.00%
                 14.15%
1.47%    2.50%    1.98%    3.94%
0.00%    0.01%    0.01%    0.01%
0.06%    0.12%    0.09%    0.20%
1.12%    3.09%    1.51%   11.65%
0.05%    0.31%    0.07%    1.45%
0.13%    0.45%    0.17%    2.15%
0.06%    0.14%    0.08%    0.37%
0.22%   0.39%   0.30%   0.51%
0.06%   0.11%   0.08%   0.17%
0.05%   0.14%   0.06%   0.42%
0.03%   0.06%   0.04%   0.14%
0.54%   1.93%   0.73%   7.85%
0.02%   0.04%   0.03%   0.08%
0.03%   0.10%   0.04%   0.34%
0.02%   0.06%   0.03%   0.07%
0.08%   0.30%   0.10%   1.28%
0.01%   0.01%   0.01%   0.02%
0.03%   0.09%   0.04%   0.32%
0.31%   0.49%   0.41%   0.60%
0.02%   0.04%   0.02%   0.06%
0.02%   0.04%   0.02%   0.07%
0.04%   0.13%   0.06%   0.31%
0.25%   0.41%   0.34%   0.26%
0.03%   0.07%   0.05%   0.05%
0.03%   0.13%   0.04%   0.18%
0.03%   0.11%   0.04%   0.26%
0.04%   0.32%   0.05%   1.10%
0.01%   0.04%   0.01%   0.15%
0.02%   0.04%   0.02%   0.07%
0.07%   0.26%   0.10%   0.32%
0.09%   0.33%   0.13%   0.90%
0.02%   0.03%   0.02%   0.02%
0.01%   0.05%   0.01%   0.16%
0.01%   0.08%   0.02%   0.21%
0.01%   0.03%   0.01%   0.03%
0.02%   0.04%   0.03%   0.03%
0.01%   0.01%   0.01%   0.02%
0.13%   0.80%   0.17%   2.61%
0.14%   0.47%   0.19%   0.96%
2.19%   5.00%   2.94%   8.94%
0.04%   0.11%   0.06%   0.19%
0.02%   0.13%   0.03%   0.48%
0.02%   0.08%   0.02%   0.23%
0.01%   0.03%   0.02%   0.04%
0.42%   0.71%   0.56%   0.58%
0.06%   0.16%   0.08%   0.24%
0.05%   0.47%   0.06%    1.33%
0.08%   0.17%   0.11%    0.00%
0.64%   1.22%   0.86%    1.17%
0.12%   0.87%   0.16%    3.57%
0.07%   0.16%   0.09%    0.29%
0.04%   0.29%   0.05%    0.78%
0.12%   0.19%   0.16%    0.12%
0.09%   0.28%   0.12%    0.51%
0.05%   0.38%   0.06%    0.70%
0.00%   0.02%   0.01%    0.00%
0.25%   1.85%   0.34%    6.55%
0.02%   0.06%   0.03%    0.00%
0.08%   0.80%   0.11%    3.75%
0.00%   0.36%   0.00%    2.05%
0.00%   4.24%   0.00%   23.06%
0.00%   0.00%   0.00%    0.00%
0.01%   0.12%   0.01%    0.56%
0.02%   0.16%   0.03%    0.72%
0.00%   0.01%   0.00%    0.02%
0.00%   0.09%   0.00%    0.43%
0.01%   0.07%   0.01%    0.28%
0.07%   0.73%   0.10%    3.43%
0.00%   0.93%   0.00%    6.05%
0.03%   0.09%   0.04%    0.24%
0.00%   0.00%   0.00%    0.00%
0.00%   0.01%   0.00%    0.03%
0.02%   0.14%   0.02%    0.33%
0.00%   0.00%   0.00%    0.00%
0.24%   0.79%   0.33%    2.43%
0.00%   0.00%   0.00%    0.00%
0.00%   0.00%   0.00%    0.00%
0.00%   0.02%   0.00%    0.10%
0.00%   0.01%   0.00%    0.03%
0.00%   0.23%   0.00%    1.29%
0.00%   0.13%   0.00%    0.63%
0.02%   0.08%   0.02%    0.26%
0.12%   0.49%   0.16%    1.75%
0.00%   0.13%   0.00%    0.60%
0.00%   0.19%   0.00%    0.59%
                0.32%                  0.63%      0.43%   1.12%
                0.10%                  0.84%      0.13%   3.81%
Weight*Default Spread      Weight* Tax Rate
                   0.17%                  0.68%
                   0.41%                  8.48%
                   0.00%                  0.58%
                   0.09%                  0.24%
                   0.24%                  1.77%
                   0.19%                  0.93%
                   0.05%                  0.63%
                   0.00%                  6.92%
                   0.19%                  5.00%
Country            GDP (in millions) in 2022
                                          Moody's ratingSovereign CDSAdj. Default Spr
Abu Dhabi                 299500.00           Aa2           0.75%         0.54%
Albania                   18916.38            B1             NA           4.90%
Andorra (Principality      3330.00           Baa2            NA           2.07%
Angola                    106782.77           B3            7.82%         7.08%
Argentina                 631133.38           Ca             NA          13.07%
Armenia                   19513.47            Ba3            NA           3.92%
Aruba                      3544.71           Baa2            NA           2.07%
Australia                1692956.65           Aaa           0.26%         0.00%
Austria                   470941.93           Aa1           0.27%         0.44%
Azerbaijan                78721.06            Ba1            NA           2.73%
Bahamas                   11210.00            B1             NA           4.90%
Bahrain                   44383.30            B2            2.74%         5.99%
Bangladesh                460201.27           B1             NA           4.90%
Barbados                   5699.95            B3             NA           7.08%
Belarus                   72793.46             C             NA          17.50%
Belgium                   583435.60           Aa3           0.33%         0.65%
Belize                     2830.51           Caa2            NA           9.81%
Benin                     17396.79            B1             NA           4.90%
Bermuda                    7546.00            A2             NA           0.92%
Bolivia                   44008.28           Caa1            NA           8.17%
Bosnia and Herzegovi      24473.91            B3             NA           7.08%
Botswana                  20355.54            A3             NA           1.31%
Brazil                   1920095.78           Ba2           2.39%         3.28%
Bulgaria                  90346.17           Baa1           1.47%         1.74%
Burkina Faso              18820.06           Caa1            NA           8.17%
Cambodia                  29504.83            B2             NA           5.99%
Cameroon                  43644.07           Caa1           9.14%         8.17%
Canada                   2137939.22           Aaa           0.44%         0.00%
Cape Verde                 1936.00            B3             NA           7.08%
Cayman Islands             6844.83            Aa3            NA           0.65%
Chile                     301024.72           A2            1.15%         0.92%
China                   17963171.48           A1            0.99%         0.77%
Colombia                  343622.11          Baa2           2.74%         2.07%
Congo (Democratic Re      64718.64            B3             NA           7.08%
Congo (Republic of)       14616.00           Caa2            NA           9.81%
Cook Islands               1414.00            B1             NA           4.90%
Costa Rica                69243.63            B1            3.11%         4.90%
Côte d'Ivoire             70019.00            Ba3            NA           3.92%
Croatia                   71600.05           Baa2           1.34%         2.07%
Cuba                      633442.30           Ca             NA          13.07%
Curacao                  3075.18    Baa3     NA     2.39%
Cyprus                  29250.52    Baa2   1.11%    2.07%
Czech Republic          290527.55   Aa3    0.56%    0.65%
Denmark                 400167.20   Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
Dominican Republic      113537.37   Ba3      NA     3.92%
Ecuador                 115049.48   Caa3   52.74%   10.90%
Egypt                   476747.72   Caa1   10.13%   8.17%
El Salvador             32488.72    Caa3   8.40%    10.90%
Estonia                 38100.81     A1    0.60%    0.77%
Ethiopia                126783.47   Caa2   32.31%   9.81%
Fiji                     4979.98     B1      NA     4.90%
Finland                 282896.25   Aa1    0.34%    0.44%
France                 2779092.24   Aa2    0.43%    0.54%
Gabon                   21071.74    Caa1     NA     8.17%
Georgia                 24780.79    Ba2      NA     3.28%
Germany                4082469.49   Aaa    0.29%    0.00%
Ghana                   73766.05    Caa3     NA     10.90%
Greece                  217581.32   Ba1    1.28%    2.73%
Guatemala               95003.33    Ba1      NA     2.73%
Guernsey (States of)     3446.00     A1      NA     0.77%
Honduras                31717.70     B1      NA     4.90%
Hong Kong               359838.58   Aa3    0.60%    0.65%
Hungary                 177337.44   Baa2   1.95%    2.07%
Iceland                 28064.53     A2    0.88%    0.92%
India                  3416645.83   Baa3   0.99%    2.39%
Indonesia              1319100.22   Baa2   1.32%    2.07%
Iraq                    264182.17   Caa1   5.14%    8.17%
Ireland                 533140.01   Aa3    0.41%    0.65%
Isle of Man              6684.23    Aa3      NA     0.65%
Israel                  525002.45    A1    1.57%    0.77%
Italy                  2049737.17   Baa3   1.34%    2.39%
Jamaica                 17097.76     B1      NA     4.90%
Japan                  4232173.92    A1    0.43%    0.77%
Jersey (States of)       4890.00    Aa3      NA     0.65%
Jordan                  48653.38     B1      NA     4.90%
Kazakhstan              225496.33   Baa2   1.76%    2.07%
Kenya                   113420.01    B3    7.04%    7.08%
Korea                  1673916.47   Aa2    0.37%    0.54%
Kuwait                  175363.27    A1    0.83%    0.77%
Kyrgyzstan              11543.97     B3      NA     7.08%
Laos                    15468.79    Caa3     NA     10.90%
Latvia                  40932.03     A3    0.94%    1.31%
Lebanon                 23131.94     C       NA     17.50%
Liechtenstein            7710.38    Aaa      NA     0.00%
Lithuania               70974.49     A2    0.90%    0.92%
Luxembourg              81641.81    Aaa      NA     0.00%
Macao                   24042.29    Aa3      NA     0.65%
Macedonia               13563.13    Ba3      NA     3.92%
Malaysia                407027.45    A3    0.86%    1.31%
Maldives                 6170.64    Caa1     NA     8.17%
Mali                    18827.18    Caa2     NA     9.81%
Malta                   18125.56     A2      NA     0.92%
Mauritius               12948.73    Baa3     NA     2.39%
Mexico                 1465854.09   Baa2   1.68%    2.07%
Moldova                 14508.33     B3      NA     7.08%
Mongolia                17146.47     B3      NA     7.08%
Montenegro               6229.80     B1      NA     4.90%
Montserrat              16199.00    Baa3     NA     2.39%
Morocco                 130912.56   Ba1    1.90%    2.73%
Mozambique              18406.84    Caa2     NA     9.81%
Namibia                 12914.93     B1      NA     4.90%
Netherlands            1009398.72   Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
New Zealand             248101.71   Aaa    0.29%    0.00%
Nicaragua               15671.58     B3    4.89%    7.08%
Niger                   15342.28    Caa2     NA     9.81%
Nigeria                 472624.60   Caa1   6.44%    8.17%
Norway                  579422.45   Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
Oman                    114667.36   Ba1    1.92%    2.73%
Pakistan                374697.37   Caa3   41.04%   10.90%
Panama                  76522.51    Baa2   2.31%    2.07%
Papua New Guinea        31603.62     B2      NA     5.99%
Paraguay                41722.30    Ba1      NA     2.73%
Peru                    242631.57   Baa1   1.37%    1.74%
Philippines             404284.33   Baa2   1.18%    2.07%
Poland                  688125.01    A2    1.06%    0.92%
Portugal                255196.66    A3    0.75%    1.31%
Qatar                   236258.30   Aa3    0.83%    0.65%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emir    11000.00     A3      NA     1.31%
Romania                 300691.35   Baa3   2.31%    2.39%
Russia                 2240422.43   NA       NA     4.90%
Rwanda                  13311.49     B2    5.53%    5.99%
Saudi Arabia           1108571.52    A1    0.85%    0.77%
Senegal                   27684.26    Ba3    6.89%    3.92%
Serbia                    63563.40    Ba2    2.86%    3.28%
Sharjah                   24800.00    Ba1      NA     2.73%
Singapore                 466788.43   Aaa      NA     0.00%
Slovakia                  115461.71    A2    0.60%    0.92%
Slovenia                  60063.48     A3    0.76%    1.31%
Solomon Islands            1597.20    Caa1     NA     8.17%
South Africa              405270.85   Ba2    3.16%    3.28%
Spain                    1417800.47   Baa1   0.78%    1.74%
Sri Lanka                 74403.58     Ca    59.36%   13.07%
St. Maarten               11900.00    Ba2      NA     3.28%
St. Vincent & the Gre      8100.00     B3      NA     7.08%
Suriname                   3620.99    Caa3     NA     10.90%
Swaziland                  4790.92     B3      NA     7.08%
Sweden                    591188.59   Aaa    0.28%    0.00%
Switzerland               818426.55   Aaa    0.22%    0.00%
Taiwan                    761690.00   Aa3      NA     0.65%
Tajikistan                10492.12     B3      NA     7.08%
Tanzania                  75732.31     B2      NA     5.99%
Thailand                  495423.34   Baa1   0.65%    1.74%
Togo                       8341.23     B3      NA     7.08%
Trinidad and Tobago       30053.58    Ba2      NA     3.28%
Tunisia                   46303.55    Caa2   9.78%    9.81%
Turkey                    907118.44    B3    3.86%    7.08%
Turks and Caicos Isla      1138.81    Baa1     NA     1.74%
Uganda                    45567.30     B2      NA     5.99%
Ukraine                   160502.74    Ca      NA     13.07%
United Arab Emirates      507063.97   Aa2      NA     0.54%
United Kingdom           3089072.72   Aa3    0.51%    0.65%
United States           25439700.00   Aaa    0.58%    0.00%
Uruguay                   71177.15    Baa2   1.14%    2.07%
Uzbekistan                80391.85    Ba3      NA     3.92%
Venezuela                 98400.00     C     11.25%   17.50%
Vietnam                   408802.00   Ba2    1.84%    3.28%
Zambia                    29163.78    Caa3     NA     10.90%
Equity Risk Pre
              Country Risk Premium
                                Corporate Tax RateRegion
         5.32%       0.72%           15.00%       Middle East
        11.18%       6.58%           15.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
         7.38%       2.78%           18.98%       Western Europe
        14.11%       9.51%           25.00%       Africa
        22.15%      17.55%           35.00%       Central and South America
         9.86%       5.26%           18.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
         7.38%       2.78%           25.00%       Caribbean
         4.60%       0.00%           30.00%       Australia & New Zealand
         5.18%       0.58%           24.00%       Western Europe
         8.26%       3.66%           20.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
        11.18%       6.58%            0.00%       Caribbean
        12.64%       8.04%            0.00%       Middle East
        11.18%       6.58%           30.00%       Asia
        14.11%       9.51%            5.50%       Caribbean
        28.09%      23.49%           18.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
         5.48%       0.88%           25.00%       Western Europe
        17.77%      13.17%           28.53%       Central and South America
        11.18%       6.58%           30.00%       Africa
         5.84%       1.24%            0.00%       Caribbean
        15.57%      10.97%           25.00%       Central and South America
        14.11%       9.51%           10.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
         6.35%       1.75%           22.00%       Africa
         9.00%       4.40%           34.00%       Central and South America
         6.94%       2.34%           10.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
        15.57%      10.97%           28.00%       Africa
        12.64%       8.04%           20.00%       Asia
        15.57%      10.97%           33.00%       Africa
         4.60%       0.00%           26.50%       North America
        14.11%       9.51%            0.00%       Africa
         5.48%       0.88%            0.00%       Caribbean
         5.84%       1.24%           27.00%       Central and South America
         5.63%       1.03%           25.00%       Asia
         7.38%       2.78%           35.00%       Central and South America
        14.11%       9.51%           30.00%       Africa
        17.77%      13.17%           28.00%       Africa
        11.18%       6.58%           29.74%       Australia & New Zealand
        11.18%       6.58%           30.00%       Central and South America
         9.86%       5.26%           25.00%       Africa
         7.38%       2.78%           18.00%       Eastern Europe & Russia
        22.15%      17.55%           28.53%       Caribbean
 7.81%    3.21%   22.00%   Caribbean
 7.38%    2.78%   12.50%   Western Europe
 5.48%    0.88%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 4.60%    0.00%   22.00%   Western Europe
 9.86%    5.26%   27.00%   Caribbean
19.23%   14.63%   25.00%   Central and South America
15.57%   10.97%   22.50%   Africa
19.23%   14.63%   30.00%   Central and South America
 5.63%    1.03%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
17.77%   13.17%   30.00%   Africa
11.18%    6.58%   20.00%   Asia
 5.18%    0.58%   20.00%   Western Europe
 5.32%    0.72%   25.00%   Western Europe
15.57%   10.97%   30.00%   Africa
 9.00%    4.40%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 4.60%    0.00%   30.00%   Western Europe
19.23%   14.63%   25.00%   Africa
 8.26%    3.66%   22.00%   Western Europe
 8.26%    3.66%   25.00%   Central and South America
 5.63%    1.03%    0.00%   Western Europe
11.18%    6.58%   25.00%   Central and South America
 5.48%    0.88%   16.50%   Asia
 7.38%    2.78%    9.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 5.84%    1.24%   20.00%   Western Europe
 7.81%    3.21%   30.00%   Asia
 7.38%    2.78%   22.00%   Asia
15.57%   10.97%   15.00%   Middle East
 5.48%    0.88%   12.50%   Western Europe
 5.48%    0.88%    0.00%   Western Europe
 5.63%    1.03%   23.00%   Middle East
 7.81%    3.21%   24.00%   Western Europe
11.18%    6.58%   25.00%   Caribbean
 5.63%    1.03%   30.62%   Asia
 5.48%    0.88%    0.00%   Western Europe
11.18%    6.58%   20.00%   Middle East
 7.38%    2.78%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
14.11%    9.51%   30.00%   Africa
 5.32%    0.72%   25.00%   Asia
 5.63%    1.03%   15.00%   Middle East
14.11%    9.51%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
19.23%   14.63%   26.86%   Asia
 6.35%    1.75%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
28.09%   23.49%   17.00%   Middle East
 4.60%    0.00%   12.50%   Western Europe
 5.84%    1.24%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 4.60%    0.00%   24.94%   Western Europe
 5.48%    0.88%   26.86%   Asia
 9.86%    5.26%   10.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 6.35%    1.75%   24.00%   Asia
15.57%   10.97%   26.86%   Asia
17.77%   13.17%   26.86%   Africa
 5.84%    1.24%   35.00%   Western Europe
 7.81%    3.21%   15.00%   Africa
 7.38%    2.78%   30.00%   Central and South America
14.11%    9.51%   12.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
14.11%    9.51%   25.00%   Asia
11.18%    6.58%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 7.81%    3.21%   28.53%   Caribbean
 8.26%    3.66%   32.00%   Africa
17.77%   13.17%   32.00%   Africa
11.18%    6.58%   32.00%   Africa
 4.60%    0.00%   25.80%   Western Europe
 4.60%    0.00%   28.00%   Australia & New Zealand
14.11%    9.51%   30.00%   Central and South America
17.77%   13.17%   26.86%   Africa
15.57%   10.97%   30.00%   Africa
 4.60%    0.00%   22.00%   Western Europe
 8.26%    3.66%   15.00%   Middle East
19.23%   14.63%   29.00%   Asia
 7.38%    2.78%   25.00%   Central and South America
12.64%    8.04%   30.00%   Asia
 8.26%    3.66%   10.00%   Central and South America
 6.94%    2.34%   29.50%   Central and South America
 7.38%    2.78%   25.00%   Asia
 5.84%    1.24%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 6.35%    1.75%   21.00%   Western Europe
 5.48%    0.88%   10.00%   Middle East
 6.35%    1.75%    0.00%   Middle East
 7.81%    3.21%   16.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
11.18%    6.58%   20.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia     11.18%   6.58%
12.64%    8.04%   30.00%   Africa
 5.63%    1.03%   20.00%   Middle East
 9.86%    5.26%   30.00%   Africa
 9.00%    4.40%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 8.26%    3.66%    0.00%   Middle East
 4.60%    0.00%   17.00%   Asia
 5.84%    1.24%   21.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 6.35%    1.75%   19.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
15.57%   10.97%   30.00%   Asia
 9.00%    4.40%   27.00%   Africa
 6.94%    2.34%   25.00%   Western Europe
22.15%   17.55%   24.00%   Asia
 9.00%    4.40%   28.53%   Caribbean
14.11%    9.51%   28.53%   Caribbean
19.23%   14.63%   36.00%   Central and South America
14.11%    9.51%   27.50%   Africa
 4.60%    0.00%   20.60%   Western Europe
 4.60%    0.00%   14.60%   Western Europe
 5.48%    0.88%   20.00%   Asia
14.11%    9.51%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
12.64%    8.04%   30.00%   Africa
 6.94%    2.34%   20.00%   Asia
14.11%    9.51%   26.86%   Africa
 9.00%    4.40%   30.00%   Caribbean
17.77%   13.17%   15.00%   Africa
14.11%    9.51%   25.00%   Western Europe
 6.94%    2.34%    0.00%   Caribbean
12.64%    8.04%   30.00%   Africa
22.15%   17.55%   18.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
 5.32%    0.72%   25.00%   Middle East
 5.48%    0.88%   25.00%   Western Europe
 4.60%    0.00%   25.00%   North America
 7.38%    2.78%   25.00%   Central and South America
 9.86%    5.26%   15.00%   Eastern Europe & Russia
28.09%   23.49%   34.00%   Central and South America
 9.00%    4.40%   20.00%   Asia
19.23%   14.63%   35.00%   Africa
4.90%
Country                  S&P Rating   Moody's rating
Abu Dhabi                   AA            Aa2                                                                 GO
Albania                      B+           B1
Andorra (Principality of   BBB+          Baa2          S&P: These are the S&P sovereign local currency ratings
Angola                       B-           B3           Moody's: These are the Moody's local currency rating
Argentina                  CCC-           Ca           In red: These are countries where S&P has a rating a
Armenia                     BB-           Ba3          Moody's equivalent rating for these countries.
Aruba                       BBB          Baa2          S&P           Moody's
Australia                  AAA            Aaa          A             A2
Austria                     AA+           Aa1          A-            A3
Azerbaijan                  BB+           Ba1          A+            A1
Bahamas                      B+           B1           AA            Aa2
Bahrain                      B+           B2           AA-           Aa3
Bangladesh                  BB-           B1           AA+           Aa1
Barbados                     B-           B3           AAA           Aaa
Belarus                     NA             C           B             B2
Belgium                     AA            Aa3          B-            B3
Belize                       B-          Caa2          B+            B1
Benin                        B+           B1           BB            Ba2
Bermuda                      A+           A2           BB-           Ba3
Bolivia                    CCC+          Caa1          BB+           Ba1
Bosnia and Herzegovin        B+           B3           BBB           Baa2
Botswana                   BBB+           A3           BBB-          Baa3
Brazil                      BB-           Ba2          BBB+          Baa1
Bulgaria                    BBB          Baa1          C             C2
Burkina Faso               CCC+          Caa1          C-            C3
Cambodia                    NA            B2           C+            C1
Cameroon                   CCC+          Caa1          CC            Ca2
Canada                     AAA            Aaa          CC-           Ca3
Cape Verde                   B-           B3           CC+           Ca1
Cayman Islands              NA            Aa3          CCC           Caa2
Chile                        A            A2           CCC-          Caa3
China                        A+           A1           CCC+          Caa1
Colombia                    BB+          Baa2
Congo (Democratic Repu       B-           B3
Congo (Republic of)          B-          Caa2
Cook Islands                 B+           B1
Costa Rica                  BB-           B1
Côte d'Ivoire               BB-           Ba3
Croatia                    BBB+          Baa2
Cuba                        NA            Ca
Curacao                BBB-   Baa3
Cyprus                 BBB    Baa2
Czech Republic         AA-    Aa3
Denmark                AAA    Aaa
Dominican Republic      BB    Ba3
Ecuador                 B-    Caa3
Egypt                   B-    Caa1
El Salvador             B-    Caa3
Estonia                AA-     A1
Ethiopia               CCC    Caa2
Fiji                    B+     B1
Finland                AA+    Aa1
France                  AA    Aa2
Gabon                   NA    Caa1
Georgia                 BB    Ba2
Germany                AAA    Aaa
Ghana                   NR    Caa3
Greece                 BBB-   Ba1
Guatemala               BB    Ba1
Guernsey (States of)    A+     A1
Honduras                BB-    B1
Hong Kong              AA+    Aa3
Hungary                BBB-   Baa2
Iceland                 A+     A2
India                  BBB-   Baa3
Indonesia              BBB    Baa2
Iraq                    B-    Caa1
Ireland                 AA    Aa3
Isle of Man             NA    Aa3
Israel                 AA-     A1
Italy                  BBB    Baa3
Jamaica                 BB-    B1
Japan                   A+     A1
Jersey (States of)     AA-    Aa3
Jordan                  B+     B1
Kazakhstan             BBB-   Baa2
Kenya                    B     B3
Korea                   AA    Aa2
Kuwait                  A+     A1
Kyrgyzstan              NA     B3
Laos                    NA    Caa3
Latvia                    A+     A3
Lebanon                   NR      C
Liechtenstein            AAA    Aaa
Lithuania                 A+     A2
Luxembourg               AAA    Aaa
Macao                     NA    Aa3
Macedonia                 BB-   Ba3
Malaysia                   A-    A3
Maldives                  NA    Caa1
Mali                      NA    Caa2
Malta                      A-    A2
Mauritius                BBB-   Baa3
Mexico                   BBB+   Baa2
Moldova                   NA     B3
Mongolia                   B     B3
Montenegro                 B     B1
Montserrat               BBB-   Baa3
Morocco                   BB+   Ba1
Mozambique               CCC+   Caa2
Namibia                   NA     B1
Netherlands              AAA    Aaa
New Zealand              AA+    Aaa
Nicaragua                  B     B3
Niger                     NA    Caa2
Nigeria                    B-   Caa1
Norway                   AAA    Aaa
Oman                      BB+   Ba1
Pakistan                 CCC+   Caa3
Panama                   BBB    Baa2
Papua New Guinea           B-    B2
Paraguay                  BB    Ba1
Peru                     BBB    Baa1
Philippines              BBB+   Baa2
Poland                     A-    A2
Portugal                 BBB+    A3
Qatar                     AA    Aa3
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirat     A-    A3
Romania                  BBB-   Baa3
Russia                    NA     NA
Rwanda                     B+    B2
Saudi Arabia               A     A1
Senegal                     B+   Ba3
Serbia                     BB+   Ba2
Sharjah                   BBB-   Ba1
Singapore                 AAA    Aaa
Slovakia                   A+     A2
Slovenia                   AA-    A3
Solomon Islands            NA    Caa1
South Africa               BB-   Ba2
Spain                       A    Baa1
Sri Lanka                  NA     Ca
St. Maarten                NA    Ba2
St. Vincent & the Gren     NA     B3
Suriname                   NR    Caa3
Swaziland                  NA     B3
Sweden                    AAA    Aaa
Switzerland               AAA    Aaa
Taiwan                    AA+    Aa3
Tajikistan                  B-    B3
Tanzania                   NA     B2
Thailand                  BBB+   Baa1
Togo                        B     B3
Trinidad and Tobago       BBB-   Ba2
Tunisia                    NA    Caa2
Turkey                      B     B3
Turks and Caicos Island   BBB+   Baa1
Uganda                      B-    B2
Ukraine                   CCC     Ca
United Arab Emirates       NA    Aa2
United Kingdom             AA    Aa3
United States             AA+    Aaa
Uruguay                   BBB+   Baa2
Uzbekistan                 BB-   Ba3
Venezuela                  NA     C
Vietnam                    BB+   Ba2
Zambia                    CCC+   Caa3
                                            GOVERNMENT BOND RATINGS
                                                  In local currency
are the S&P sovereign local currency ratings
ese are the Moody's local currency rating
se are countries where S&P has a rating and Moody's does not. The following lookup table is used to estimate the
uivalent rating for these countries.
Country                     Region
Abu Dhabi                   Middle East
Albania                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Andorra                     Western Europe
Angola                      Africa
Argentina                   Central and South America
Armenia                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Aruba                       Caribbean
Australia                   Australia & New Zealand
Austria                     Western Europe
Azerbaijan                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Bahamas                     Caribbean
Bahrain                     Middle East
Bangladesh                  Asia
Barbados                    Caribbean
Belarus                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Belgium                     Western Europe
Belize                      Central and South America
Benin                       Africa
Bermuda                     Caribbean
Bolivia                     Central and South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina      Eastern Europe & Russia
Botswana                    Africa
Brazil                      Central and South America
Bulgaria                    Eastern Europe & Russia
Burkina Faso                Africa
Cambodia                    Asia
Cameroon                    Africa
Canada                      North America
Cape Verde                  Africa
Cayman Islands              Caribbean
Chile                       Central and South America
China                       Asia
Colombia                    Central and South America
Congo (Democratic Republic ofAfrica
Congo (Republic of)         Africa
Cook Islands                Australia & New Zealand
Costa Rica                  Central and South America
Côte d'Ivoire               Africa
Croatia                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Cuba                        Caribbean
Curacao                     Caribbean
Cyprus                      Western Europe
Czech Republic              Eastern Europe & Russia
Democratic Republic of CongoAfrica
Denmark                     Western Europe
Dominican Republic          Caribbean
Ecuador                     Central and South America
Egypt                       Africa
El Salvador                 Central and South America
Estonia                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Ethiopia                    Africa
Fiji                        Asia
Finland                     Western Europe
France                      Western Europe
Gabon                       Africa
Georgia                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Germany                     Western Europe
Ghana                       Africa
Greece                      Western Europe
Guatemala                   Central and South America
Guernsey (States of)        Western Europe
Honduras                    Central and South America
Hong Kong                   Asia
Hungary                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Iceland                     Western Europe
India                       Asia
Indonesia                   Asia
Iraq                        Middle East
Ireland                     Western Europe
Isle of Man                 Western Europe
Israel                      Middle East
Italy                       Western Europe
Jamaica                     Caribbean
Japan                       Asia
Jersey (States of)          Western Europe
Jordan                      Middle East
Kazakhstan                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Kenya                       Africa
Korea                       Asia
Kuwait                      Middle East
Kyrgyzstan                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Laos                    Asia
Latvia                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Lebanon                 Middle East
Liechtenstein           Western Europe
Lithuania               Eastern Europe & Russia
Luxembourg              Western Europe
Macao                   Asia
Macedonia               Eastern Europe & Russia
Malaysia                Asia
Maldives                Asia
Mali                    Africa
Malta                   Western Europe
Mauritius               Africa
Mexico                  Central and South America
Moldova                 Eastern Europe & Russia
Mongolia                Asia
Montenegro              Eastern Europe & Russia
Montserrat              Caribbean
Morocco                 Africa
Mozambique              Africa
Namibia                 Africa
Netherlands             Western Europe
New Zealand             Australia & New Zealand
Nicaragua               Central and South America
Niger                   Africa
Nigeria                 Africa
Norway                  Western Europe
Oman                    Middle East
Pakistan                Asia
Panama                  Central and South America
Papua New Guinea        Asia
Paraguay                Central and South America
Peru                    Central and South America
Philippines             Asia
Poland                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Portugal                Western Europe
Qatar                   Middle East
Ras Al Kaminah          Middle East
Republic of the Congo   Africa
Romania                 Eastern Europe & Russia
Russia                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Rwanda                         Africa
Saudi Arabia                   Middle East
Senegal                        Africa
Serbia                         Eastern Europe & Russia
Sharjah                        Middle East
Singapore                      Asia
Slovakia                       Eastern Europe & Russia
Slovenia                       Eastern Europe & Russia
Solomon Islands                Asia
South Africa                   Africa
Spain                          Western Europe
Sri Lanka                      Asia
St. Maarten                    Caribbean
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   Caribbean
Suriname                       Central and South America
Swaziland                      Africa
Sweden                         Western Europe
Switzerland                    Western Europe
Taiwan                         Asia
Tajikistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Tanzania                       Africa
Thailand                       Asia
Togo                           Africa
Trinidad and Tobago            Caribbean
Tunisia                        Africa
Turkey                         Western Europe
Turkmenistan                   Eastern Europe & Russia
Turks and Caicos               Caribbean
Uganda                         Africa
Ukraine                        Eastern Europe & Russia
United Arab Emirates           Middle East
United Kingdom                 Western Europe
United States                  North America
Uruguay                        Central and South America
Uzbekistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Venezuela                      Central and South America
Vietnam                        Asia
Zambia                         Africa
                                                             Moody's                     CDS %
         Default Spread   Updated Default   Country                     ###      ###               Country
Rating     (1/1/23)       Spread (1/1/24)
                                                              rating                     Change
 A1           86                77          Abu Dhabi         Aa2      0.78%    0.75%    -3.85%    Abu Dhabi
 A2          104                92          Algeria            NA      1.73%    1.70%    -1.73%    Algeria
 A3          147               131          Angola             B3      6.55%    7.82%    19.39%    Angola
 Aa1          49                44          Australia         Aaa      0.34%    0.26%    -23.53%   Argentina
 Aa2          60                54          Austria           Aa1      0.24%    0.27%    12.50%    Australia
 Aa3          73                65          Bahrain            B2      2.78%    2.74%    -1.44%    Austria
 Aaa           0                0           Belgium           Aa3      0.37%    0.33%    -10.81%   Bahrain
 B1          551               490          Brazil            Ba2      3.52%    2.39%    -32.10%   Belgium
 B2          673               599          Bulgaria          Baa2     1.50%    1.47%    -2.00%    Brazil
 B3          795               708          Cameroon           B2      6.68%    9.14%    36.83%    Bulgaria
 Ba1         306               273          Canada            Aaa      0.36%    0.44%    22.22%    Cameroon
 Ba2         368               328          Chile              A1      1.76%    1.15%    -34.66%   Canada
 Ba3         440               392          China              A1      1.11%    0.99%    -10.81%   Chile
Baa1         196               174          Colombia          Baa2     3.65%    2.74%    -24.93%   China
Baa2         233               207          Costa Rica         B1      4.35%    3.11%    -28.51%   Colombia
Baa3         269               239          Croatia           Ba2      1.34%    1.34%     0.00%    Costa Rica
 Ca          1468              1307         Cyprus            Ba2      1.33%    1.11%    -16.54%   Croatia
Caa1         917               817          Czech Republic     A1      0.62%    0.56%    -9.68%    Cyprus
Caa2         1102              981          Denmark           Aaa      0.23%    0.24%     4.35%    Czech Rep
Caa3         1224              1090         Dubai             Aa2      1.26%    1.10%    -12.70%   Denmark
 NR           NA               NA           Ecuador           Caa3     16.93%    NA        NA      Dubai
                                            Egypt              B2      8.01%    10.13%   26.47%    Ecuador
                                            El Salvador        B3      27.46%   8.40%    -69.41%   Egypt
                                            Estonia            A1      1.76%    0.60%    -65.91%   El Salvado
                                            Finland           Aa1      0.34%    0.34%     0.00%    Estonia
                                            France            Aa2      0.42%    0.43%     2.38%    Ethiopia
                                            Germany           Aaa      0.28%    0.29%     3.57%    Finland
Greece         B1    1.97%   1.28%   -35.03%   France
Guatemala     Ba1    2.28%   2.68%   17.54%    Gabon
Hong Kong     Aa2    0.71%   0.60%   -15.49%   Germany
Hungary       Baa3   2.43%   1.95%   -19.75%   Greece
Iceland        A3    0.73%   0.88%   20.55%    Guatemal
India         Baa2   1.67%   0.99%   -40.72%   Hong Kon
Indonesia     Baa2   1.75%   1.32%   -24.57%   Hungary
Iraq          Caa1   4.69%   5.14%   9.59%     Iceland
Ireland        A2    0.43%   0.41%   -4.65%    India
Israel         A1    0.67%   1.57%   134.33%   Indonesia
Italy         Baa3   1.84%   1.34%   -27.17%   Iraq
Japan          A1    0.31%   0.43%   38.71%    Ireland
Kazakhstan    Baa3   2.70%   1.76%   -34.81%   Israel
Kenya          B2    7.60%   7.04%   -7.37%    Italy
Korea         Aa2    0.68%   0.37%   -45.59%   Japan
Kuwait        Aa2    0.79%   0.83%   5.06%     Kazakhsta
Latvia         A3    1.37%   0.94%   -31.39%   Kenya
Lithuania      A3    1.45%   0.90%   -37.93%   Korea
Malaysia       A3    1.24%   0.86%   -30.65%   Kuwait
Mexico         A3    2.11%   1.68%   -20.38%   Latvia
Morocco       Ba1    2.53%   1.90%   -24.90%   Lebanon
Namibia        B1    3.84%   2.10%   -45.31%   Lithuania
Netherlands   Aaa    0.26%   0.24%   -7.69%    Malaysia
New Zealand   Aaa    0.39%   0.29%   -25.64%   Mexico
Nicaragua      B3    6.27%   4.89%   -22.01%   Mongolia
Nigeria        B2    8.52%   6.44%   -24.41%   Morocco
Norway        Aaa    0.28%   0.24%   -14.29%   Namibia
Oman          Ba1    2.37%   1.92%   -18.99%   Netherlan
Pakistan       B3     NA      NA       NA      New Zeala
Panama           Baa1   1.79%   2.31%    29.05%   Nicaragua
Peru              A3    1.94%   1.37%   -29.38%   Nigeria
Philippines      Baa2   1.64%   1.18%   -28.05%   Norway
Poland            A2    1.45%   1.06%   -26.90%   Oman
Portugal         Baa3   0.81%   0.75%    -7.41%   Pakistan
Qatar            Aa3    0.79%   0.83%    5.06%    Panama
Romania          Baa3   3.17%   2.31%   -27.13%   Peru
Russia           Baa3   6.21%    NA       NA      Philippine
Rwanda            B2    5.42%   5.53%    2.03%    Poland
Saudi Arabia      A1    0.96%   0.85%   -11.46%   Portugal
Senegal          Ba3    5.39%   6.89%    27.83%   Qatar
Serbia           Ba3    2.93%   2.86%    -2.39%   Romania
Slovakia          A2    0.75%   0.60%   -20.00%   Russia
Slovenia         Baa1   1.00%   0.76%   -24.00%   Rwanda
South Africa     Baa3   3.51%   3.16%    -9.97%   Saudi Arab
Spain            Baa1   0.82%   0.78%    -4.88%   Senegal
Sweden           Aaa    0.26%   0.28%    7.69%    Serbia
Switzerland      Aaa    0.17%   0.22%    29.41%   Slovakia
Thailand         Baa1   0.87%   0.65%   -25.29%   Slovenia
Tunisia           B2    8.69%   9.78%    12.54%   South Afri
Turkey            B1    5.30%   3.86%   -27.17%   Spain
United Kingdom   Aa2    0.36%   0.51%    41.67%   Sri Lanka
United States    Aaa    0.32%   0.58%    81.25%   Sweden
Uruguay          Baa2   1.43%   1.14%   -20.28%   Switzerlan
Vietnam          Ba3    2.07%   1.84%   -11.11%   Thailand
Average                                  -7.60%   Tunisia
Median                                  -10.96%   Turkey
                                                  Ukraine
                                                  United Ki
United Sta
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zambia
 ###
0.75%
1.70%
7.82%
 NA
0.26%
0.27%
2.74%
0.33%
2.39%
1.47%
9.14%
0.44%
1.15%
0.99%
2.74%
3.11%
1.34%
1.11%
0.56%
0.24%
1.10%
 NA
10.13%
8.40%
0.60%
32.31%
0.34%
0.43%
6.85%
0.29%
1.28%
2.68%
0.60%
1.95%
0.88%
0.99%
1.32%
5.14%
0.41%
1.57%
1.34%
0.43%
1.76%
7.04%
0.37%
0.83%
0.94%
 NA
0.90%
0.86%
1.68%
4.02%
1.90%
2.10%
0.24%
0.29%
4.89%
6.44%
0.24%
1.92%
 NA
2.31%
1.37%
1.18%
1.06%
0.75%
0.83%
2.31%
 NA
5.53%
0.85%
6.89%
2.86%
0.60%
0.76%
3.16%
0.78%
59.36%
0.28%
0.22%
0.65%
9.78%
3.86%
 NA
0.51%
  0.58%
  1.14%
 11.25%
     1.84%
NA
                                            CDS Spread
Country                    Moody's rating                CDS Spread adj for US
                                            (12/31/23)
Abu Dhabi                      Aa2            0.75%             0.17%
Albania                         B1              NA                NA
Andorra (Principality of       Baa2             NA                NA
Angola                          B3            7.82%             7.24%
Argentina                       Ca              NA                NA
Armenia                        Ba3              NA                NA
Aruba                          Baa2             NA                NA
Australia                      Aaa            0.26%             0.00%
Austria                        Aa1            0.27%             0.00%
Azerbaijan                     Ba1              NA                NA
Bahamas                         B1              NA                NA
Bahrain                         B2            2.74%             2.16%
Bangladesh                      B1              NA                NA
Barbados                        B3              NA                NA
Belarus                         C               NA                NA
Belgium                        Aa3            0.33%             0.00%
Belize                         Caa2             NA                NA
Benin                           B1              NA                NA
Bermuda                         A2              NA                NA
Bolivia                        Caa1             NA                NA
Bosnia and Herzegovin           B3              NA                NA
Botswana                        A3              NA                NA
Brazil                         Ba2            2.39%             1.81%
Bulgaria                       Baa1           1.47%             0.89%
Burkina Faso                   Caa1             NA                NA
Cambodia                        B2              NA                NA
Cameroon                       Caa1           9.14%             8.56%
Canada                         Aaa            0.44%             0.00%
Cape Verde                      B3              NA                NA
Cayman Islands                 Aa3              NA                NA
Chile                           A2            1.15%             0.57%
China                           A1            0.99%             0.41%
Colombia                       Baa2           2.74%             2.16%
Congo (Democratic Repu          B3              NA                NA
Congo (Republic of)            Caa2             NA                NA
Cook Islands                    B1              NA                NA
Costa Rica                      B1            3.11%             2.53%
Côte d'Ivoire                  Ba3              NA                NA
Croatia                Baa2   1.34%    0.76%
Cuba                    Ca      NA       NA
Curacao                Baa3     NA       NA
Cyprus                 Baa2   1.11%    0.53%
Czech Republic         Aa3    0.56%    0.00%
Denmark                Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
Dominican Republic     Ba3      NA       NA
Ecuador                Caa3   52.74%   52.16%
Egypt                  Caa1   10.13%   9.55%
El Salvador            Caa3   8.40%    7.82%
Estonia                 A1    0.60%    0.02%
Ethiopia               Caa2   32.31%   31.73%
Fiji                    B1      NA       NA
Finland                Aa1    0.34%    0.00%
France                 Aa2    0.43%    0.00%
Gabon                  Caa1     NA       NA
Georgia                Ba2      NA       NA
Germany                Aaa    0.29%    0.00%
Ghana                  Caa3     NA       NA
Greece                 Ba1    1.28%    0.70%
Guatemala              Ba1      NA       NA
Guernsey (States of)    A1      NA       NA
Honduras                B1      NA       NA
Hong Kong              Aa3    0.60%    0.02%
Hungary                Baa2   1.95%    1.37%
Iceland                 A2    0.88%    0.30%
India                  Baa3   0.99%    0.41%
Indonesia              Baa2   1.32%    0.74%
Iraq                   Caa1   5.14%    4.56%
Ireland                Aa3    0.41%    0.00%
Isle of Man            Aa3      NA       NA
Israel                  A1    1.57%    0.99%
Italy                  Baa3   1.34%    0.76%
Jamaica                 B1      NA       NA
Japan                   A1    0.43%    0.00%
Jersey (States of)     Aa3      NA       NA
Jordan                  B1      NA       NA
Kazakhstan             Baa2   1.76%    1.18%
Kenya                   B3    7.04%    6.46%
Korea                  Aa2    0.37%    0.00%
Kuwait                  A1    0.83%    0.25%
Kyrgyzstan                B3      NA       NA
Laos                     Caa3     NA       NA
Latvia                    A3    0.94%    0.36%
Lebanon                    C      NA       NA
Liechtenstein            Aaa      NA       NA
Lithuania                 A2    0.90%    0.32%
Luxembourg               Aaa      NA       NA
Macao                    Aa3      NA       NA
Macedonia                Ba3      NA       NA
Malaysia                  A3    0.86%    0.28%
Maldives                 Caa1     NA       NA
Mali                     Caa2     NA       NA
Malta                     A2      NA       NA
Mauritius                Baa3     NA       NA
Mexico                   Baa2   1.68%    1.10%
Moldova                   B3      NA       NA
Mongolia                  B3      NA       NA
Montenegro                B1      NA       NA
Montserrat               Baa3     NA       NA
Morocco                  Ba1    1.90%    1.32%
Mozambique               Caa2     NA       NA
Namibia                   B1      NA       NA
Netherlands              Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
New Zealand              Aaa    0.29%    0.00%
Nicaragua                 B3    4.89%    4.31%
Niger                    Caa2     NA       NA
Nigeria                  Caa1   6.44%    5.86%
Norway                   Aaa    0.24%    0.00%
Oman                     Ba1    1.92%    1.34%
Pakistan                 Caa3   41.04%   40.46%
Panama                   Baa2   2.31%    1.73%
Papua New Guinea          B2      NA       NA
Paraguay                 Ba1      NA       NA
Peru                     Baa1   1.37%    0.79%
Philippines              Baa2   1.18%    0.60%
Poland                    A2    1.06%    0.48%
Portugal                  A3    0.75%    0.17%
Qatar                    Aa3    0.83%    0.25%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirat    A3      NA       NA
Romania                  Baa3   2.31%    1.73%
Russia                    NA      NA       NA
Rwanda                     B2    5.53%    4.95%
Saudi Arabia               A1    0.85%    0.27%
Senegal                   Ba3    6.89%    6.31%
Serbia                    Ba2    2.86%    2.28%
Sharjah                   Ba1      NA       NA
Singapore                 Aaa      NA       NA
Slovakia                   A2    0.60%    0.02%
Slovenia                   A3    0.76%    0.18%
Solomon Islands           Caa1     NA       NA
South Africa              Ba2    3.16%    2.58%
Spain                     Baa1   0.78%    0.20%
Sri Lanka                  Ca    59.36%   58.78%
St. Maarten               Ba2      NA       NA
St. Vincent & the Gren     B3      NA       NA
Suriname                  Caa3     NA       NA
Swaziland                  B3      NA       NA
Sweden                    Aaa    0.28%    0.00%
Switzerland               Aaa    0.22%    0.00%
Taiwan                    Aa3      NA       NA
Tajikistan                 B3      NA       NA
Tanzania                   B2      NA       NA
Thailand                  Baa1   0.65%    0.07%
Togo                       B3      NA       NA
Trinidad and Tobago       Ba2      NA       NA
Tunisia                   Caa2   9.78%    9.20%
Turkey                     B3    3.86%    3.28%
Turks and Caicos Island   Baa1     NA       NA
Uganda                     B2      NA       NA
Ukraine                    Ca      NA       NA
United Arab Emirates      Aa2      NA       NA
United Kingdom            Aa3    0.51%    0.00%
United States             Aaa    0.58%    0.00%
Uruguay                   Baa2   1.14%    0.56%
Uzbekistan                Ba3      NA       NA
Venezuela                  C     11.25%   10.67%
Vietnam                   Ba2    1.84%    1.26%
Zambia                    Caa3     NA       NA
                        CDS
                       Spread
Country       ###     net of US
Abu Dhabi    0.75%     0.17%
Algeria      1.70%     1.12%
Angola       7.82%     7.24%
Argentina    46.19%    45.61%
Australia    0.26%     0.00%
Austria      0.27%     0.00%
Bahrain      2.74%     2.16%
Belgium      0.33%     0.00%
Brazil       2.39%     1.81%
Bulgaria     1.47%     0.89%
Cameroon     9.14%     8.56%
Canada       0.44%     0.00%
Chile        1.15%     0.57%
China        0.99%     0.41%
Colombia     2.74%     2.16%
Costa Rica   3.11%     2.53%
Croatia          1.34%    0.76%
Cyprus           1.11%    0.53%
Czech Republic   0.56%    0.00%
Denmark          0.24%    0.00%
Dubai            1.10%    0.52%
Ecuador          52.74%   52.16%
Egypt            10.13%   9.55%
El Salvador      8.40%    7.82%
Estonia          0.60%    0.02%
Ethiopia         32.31%   31.73%
Finland          0.34%    0.00%
France           0.43%    0.00%
Gabon            6.85%    6.27%
Germany          0.29%    0.00%
Greece           1.28%    0.70%
Guatamela        2.68%    2.10%
Hong Kong        0.60%    0.02%
Hungary          1.95%    1.37%
Iceland          0.88%    0.30%
India            0.99%    0.41%
Indonesia        1.32%    0.74%
Iraq             5.14%    4.56%
Ireland          0.41%    0.00%
Israel           1.57%    0.99%
Italy            1.34%    0.76%
Japan            0.43%    0.00%
Kazakhstan       1.76%    1.18%
Kenya            7.04%    6.46%
Korea            0.37%    0.00%
Kuwait           0.83%    0.25%
Latvia           0.94%    0.36%
Lebanon           NA        NA
Lithuania        0.90%    0.32%
Malaysia         0.86%    0.28%
Mexico           1.68%    1.10%
Mongolia         4.02%    3.44%
Morocco          1.90%    1.32%
Namibia          2.10%    1.52%
Netherlands      0.24%    0.00%
New Zealand      0.29%    0.00%
Nicaragua        4.89%    4.31%
Nigeria          6.44%    5.86%
Norway           0.24%    0.00%
Oman             1.92%    1.34%
Pakistan         41.04%     NA
Panama           2.31%    1.73%
Peru             1.37%    0.79%
Philippines      1.18%    0.60%
Poland           1.06%    0.48%
Portugal         0.75%    0.17%
Qatar            0.83%    0.25%
Romania          2.31%    1.73%
Russia            NA        NA
Rwanda           5.53%    4.95%
Saudi Arabia     0.85%    0.27%
Senegal          6.89%    6.31%
Serbia           2.86%    2.28%
Slovakia         0.60%    0.02%
Slovenia         0.76%    0.18%
South Africa     3.16%    2.58%
Spain            0.78%    0.20%
Sri Lanka        59.36%     NA
Sweden           0.28%    0.00%
Switzerland      0.22%    0.00%
Thailand         0.65%    0.07%
Tunisia          9.78%    9.20%
Turkey           3.86%    3.28%
Ukraine           NA        NA
United Kingdom   0.51%    0.00%
United States    0.58%    0.00%
Uruguay          1.14%    0.56%
Venezuela        11.25%   10.67%
Vietnam          1.84%    1.26%
Zambia            NA        NA
Date:                            Feb-22
             Std deviation in Equities
Country                                    sBond   sEquity/ sBond   s (CDS)    CDS
                     (weekly)
Algeria                 NA                 NA          NA           0.17%     1.10%
Angola                 NA                  NA          NA           0.68%     7.50%
Argentina            53.16%                NA          NA           3.70%     19.55%
Bahrain              12.76%                NA          NA           0.45%     3.18%
Banglades            13.55%                NA          NA             NA       NA
h
Bosnia               15.69%                NA          NA             NA       NA
Botswana              2.91%                NA          NA             NA       NA
Brazil               45.37%               26.62%       1.70         0.38%     2.15%
Bulgaria             19.80%               5.37%        3.69         0.43%     0.70%
Cameroon               NA                  NA          NA           0.34%     5.87%
Chile                35.37%               31.58%       1.12         0.31%     0.90%
China                25.06%                NA          NA           0.51%     0.56%
Colombia             37.17%               31.13%       1.19         0.41%     1.52%
Costa Rica           19.85%                NA          NA           0.39%     6.13%
Croatia              22.53%                NA          NA           0.35%     1.28%
Cyprus               19.12%               4.83%        3.96         0.49%     1.19%
Czech
                     25.16%               4.64%        5.42         0.43%     0.51%
Republic
Egypt                25.49%                NA          NA           0.37%     4.08%
El                     NA                  NA          NA           0.50%     7.78%
Salvador
Estonia              20.67%                NA          NA           0.52%     0.70%
Ghana                12.93%                NA          NA           0.54%     5.08%
Greece               43.44%               26.37%       1.65         0.33%     1.61%
Guatemel               NA                  NA          NA           0.27%     2.15%
a
Hungary              29.53%               31.76%       0.93         0.22%     0.94%
India                33.13%               10.74%       3.08         0.38%     1.24%
Indonesia            27.23%               13.94%       1.95         0.41%     1.28%
Iraq                   NA                  NA          NA           0.47%     6.98%
Israel               26.63%               47.43%       0.56         0.32%     0.77%
Italy                33.16%               15.55%       2.13         0.35%     1.43%
Jamaica               8.81%                NA          NA             NA       NA
Jordan                9.77%                NA          NA             NA       NA
Kazakhast              NA                  NA          NA           0.32%     0.99%
an
Kenya        19.39%    NA      NA     0.34%   4.06%
Kuwait       28.60%    NA      NA     0.25%   0.75%
Laos         9.15%     NA      NA      NA      NA
Latvia       25.92%    NA      NA     0.11%   0.93%
Lebanon      15.14%   12.99%   1.17    NA      NA
Lithuania    16.49%   16.98%   0.97   0.12%   0.90%
Macedoni     25.53%    NA      NA      NA      NA
a
Malaysia     19.59%   7.04%    2.78   0.45%   0.70%
Malta        14.30%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Mauritius    23.46%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Mexico       25.12%   17.21%   1.46   0.43%   1.45%
Mongolia     18.99%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Monteneg     16.30%    NA      NA      NA      NA
ro
Morocco      20.15%    NA      NA     0.36%   1.56%
Namibia      8.95%     NA      NA      NA      NA
Nigeria      18.29%   20.56%   0.89   0.40%   3.59%
Oman         11.35%    NA      NA     0.32%   3.90%
Pakistan     26.57%   14.04%   1.89   0.27%   4.51%
Palestine    8.35%     NA      NA      NA      NA
Panama       10.82%    NA      NA     0.32%   0.95%
Peru         21.56%   24.77%   0.87   0.32%   1.04%
Philippine   33.62%   29.83%   1.13   0.42%   0.67%
s
Qatar        18.63%    NA      NA     0.45%   0.74%
Romania      24.24%   23.64%   1.03   0.43%   1.22%
Russia       25.91%   17.26%   1.50   0.56%   1.47%
Rwanda        NA       NA      NA     0.47%   3.72%
Saudi        17.96%   27.96%   0.64   0.47%   1.12%
Arabia
Senegal       NA       NA      NA     0.54%   2.94%
Serbia       10.74%    NA      NA     0.16%   1.61%
Singapore    22.75%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Slovakia     21.07%    NA      NA     0.22%   0.79%
Slovenia     20.75%   5.00%    4.15   0.21%   1.06%
South        29.99%   17.86%   1.68   0.26%   2.93%
Africa
Sri Lanka    26.71%    NA      NA     0.48%   12.19%
Taiwan       21.51%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Tanzania     10.61%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Thailand    30.12%   31.01%   0.97   0.37%   0.62%
Tunisia     10.57%    NA      NA     0.48%   4.85%
Turkey      26.30%   16.22%   1.62   0.52%   3.31%
UAE         28.20%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Ukraine     5.97%    13.34%   0.45   0.36%   4.18%
Uruguay      NA       NA      NA     0.58%   1.27%
US          33.85%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Venezuela   64.98%    NA      NA      NA      NA
Vietnam     26.12%    NA      NA     0.32%   1.49%
Zambia       NA       NA      NA     0.54%    NA
Average                       1.81
Median                        1.48
Median                        1.49
CV(CDS) sEquity/ sCDS
 15.45%     NA
 9.07%        NA
 18.93%      2.81
 14.15%      0.90
   NA         NA
   NA         NA
   NA         NA
 17.67%      2.57
 61.43%      0.32
 5.79%        NA
 34.44%      1.03
 91.07%      0.28
 26.97%      1.38
 6.36%       3.12
 27.34%      0.82
 41.18%      0.46
 84.31%      0.30
 9.07%       2.81
 6.43%        NA
 74.29%      0.28
 10.63%      1.22
 20.50%      2.12
 12.56%       NA
 23.40%      1.26
 30.65%      1.08
 32.03%      0.85
 6.73%        NA
 41.56%      0.64
 24.48%      1.35
   NA         NA
   NA         NA
 32.32%       NA
8.37%    2.32
33.33%   0.86
 NA      NA
11.83%   2.19
 NA      NA
13.33%   1.24
 NA      NA
64.29%   0.30
 NA      NA
 NA      NA
29.66%   0.85
 NA      NA
 NA      NA
23.08%   0.87
 NA      NA
11.14%   1.64
8.21%    1.38
5.99%    4.44
 NA      NA
33.68%   0.32
30.77%   0.70
62.69%   0.54
60.81%   0.31
35.25%   0.69
38.10%   0.68
12.63%   NA
41.96%   0.43
18.37%   NA
9.94%    1.08
 NA      NA
27.85%   0.76
19.81%   1.05
8.87%    3.38
3.94%    6.78
 NA      NA
 NA      NA
59.68%   0.50
9.90%    1.07
15.71%   1.67
 NA      NA
8.61%    0.69
45.67%   NA
 NA      NA
 NA      NA
21.48%   1.22
 NA      NA
         1.35
         1.03
         1.03
                          GDP (in millions) in
Country                                                            Country Name
                          2022
Abu Dhabi                                 299500                   Afghanistan
Albania                                     18916 SourceWorld Bank Africa Eastern and Southern
Andorra (Principality of)                     3330 Year      2022 Africa Western and Central
Angola                                    106783                   Albania
Argentina                                 631133                   Algeria
Armenia                                     19513                  American Samoa
Aruba                                         3545                 Andorra
Australia                                1692957                   Angola
Austria                                   470942                   Antigua and Barbuda
Azerbaijan                                  78721                  Arab World
Bahamas                                     11210                  Argentina
Bahrain                                     44383                  Armenia
Bangladesh                                460201                   Aruba
Barbados                                      5700                 Australia
Belarus                                     72793                  Austria
Belgium                                   583436                   Azerbaijan
Belize                                        2831                 Bahamas, The
Benin                                       17397                  Bahrain
Bermuda                                       7546                 Bangladesh
Bolivia                                     44008                  Barbados
Bosnia and Herzegovina                      24474                  Belarus
Botswana                                    20356                  Belgium
Brazil                                   1920096                   Belize
Bulgaria                                    90346                  Benin
Burkina Faso                                18820                  Bermuda
Cambodia                                    29505                  Bhutan
Cameroon                                    43644                  Bolivia
Canada                                   2137939                   Bosnia and Herzegovina
Cape Verde                                    1936                 Botswana
Cayman Islands                                6845                 Brazil
Chile                                     301025                   British Virgin Islands
China                                   17963171                   Brunei Darussalam
Colombia                                  343622                   Bulgaria
Congo (Democratic Repub                     64719                  Burkina Faso
Congo (Republic of)                         14616                  Burundi
Cook Islands                                  1414                 Cabo Verde
Costa Rica                                  69244                  Cambodia
Côte d'Ivoire                               70019                  Cameroon
Croatia                                     71600                  Canada
Cuba                                      633442                   Caribbean small states
Curacao                   3075   Cayman Islands
Cyprus                   29251   Central African Republic
Czech Republic          290528   Central Europe and the Balti
Denmark                 400167   Chad
Dominican Republic      113537   Channel Islands
Ecuador                 115049   Chile
Egypt                   476748   China
El Salvador              32489   Colombia
Estonia                  38101   Comoros
Ethiopia                126783   Congo, Dem. Rep.
Fiji                      4980   Congo, Rep.
Finland                 282896   Costa Rica
France                 2779092   Cote d'Ivoire
Gabon                    21072   Croatia
Georgia                  24781   Cuba
Germany                4082469   Curacao
Ghana                    73766   Cyprus
Greece                  217581   Czechia
Guatemala                95003   Denmark
Guernsey (States of)      3446   Djibouti
Honduras                 31718   Dominica
Hong Kong               359839   Dominican Republic
Hungary                 177337   Early-demographic dividend
Iceland                  28065   East Asia & Pacific
India                  3416646   East Asia & Pacific (excludi
Indonesia              1319100   East Asia & Pacific (IDA &
Iraq                    264182   Ecuador
Ireland                 533140   Egypt, Arab Rep.
Isle of Man               6684   El Salvador
Israel                  525002   Equatorial Guinea
Italy                  2049737   Eritrea
Jamaica                  17098   Estonia
Japan                  4232174   Eswatini
Jersey (States of)        4890   Ethiopia
Jordan                   48653   Euro area
Kazakhstan              225496   Europe & Central Asia
Kenya                   113420   Europe & Central Asia (excl
Korea                  1673916   Europe & Central Asia (IDA
Kuwait                  175363   European Union
Kyrgyzstan               11544   Faroe Islands
Laos                     15469   Fiji
Latvia                      40932   Finland
Lebanon                     23132   Fragile and conflict affected
Liechtenstein                7710   France
Lithuania                   70974   French Polynesia
Luxembourg                  81642   Gabon
Macao                       24042   Gambia, The
Macedonia                   13563   Georgia
Malaysia                   407027   Germany
Maldives                     6171   Ghana
Mali                        18827   Gibraltar
Malta                       18126   Greece
Mauritius                   12949   Greenland
Mexico                    1465854   Grenada
Moldova                     14508   Guam
Mongolia                    17146   Guatemala
Montenegro                   6230   Guinea
Montserrat                  16199   Guinea-Bissau
Morocco                    130913   Guyana
Mozambique                  18407   Haiti
Namibia                     12915   Heavily indebted poor countr
Netherlands               1009399   High income
New Zealand                248102   Honduras
Nicaragua                   15672   Hong Kong SAR, China
Niger                       15342   Hungary
Nigeria                    472625   IBRD only
Norway                     579422   Iceland
Oman                       114667   IDA & IBRD total
Pakistan                   374697   IDA blend
Panama                      76523   IDA only
Papua New Guinea            31604   IDA total
Paraguay                    41722   India
Peru                       242632   Indonesia
Philippines                404284   Iran, Islamic Rep.
Poland                     688125   Iraq
Portugal                   255197   Ireland
Qatar                      236258   Isle of Man
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate     11000   Israel
Romania                    300691   Italy
Russia                    2240422   Jamaica
Rwanda                      13311   Japan
Saudi Arabia              1108572   Jordan
Senegal                       27684   Kazakhstan
Serbia                        63563   Kenya
Sharjah                       24800   Kiribati
Singapore                    466788   Korea, Dem. People's Rep.
Slovakia                     115462   Korea, Rep.
Slovenia                      60063   Kosovo
Solomon Islands                1597   Kuwait
South Africa                 405271   Kyrgyz Republic
Spain                       1417800   Lao PDR
Sri Lanka                     74404   Late-demographic dividend
St. Maarten                   11900   Latin America & Caribbean
St. Vincent & the Grenad       8100   Latin America & Caribbean (
Suriname                       3621   Latin America & the Caribb
Swaziland                      4791   Latvia
Sweden                       591189   Least developed countries: UN
Switzerland                  818427   Lebanon
Taiwan                       761690   Lesotho
Tajikistan                    10492   Liberia
Tanzania                      75732   Libya
Thailand                     495423   Liechtenstein
Togo                           8341   Lithuania
Trinidad and Tobago           30054   Low & middle income
Tunisia                       46304   Low income
Turkey                       907118   Lower middle income
Turks and Caicos Islands       1139   Luxembourg
Uganda                        45567   Macao SAR, China
Ukraine                      160503   Madagascar
United Arab Emirates         507064   Malawi
United Kingdom              3089073   Malaysia
United States of America   25439700   Maldives
Uruguay                       71177   Mali
Uzbekistan                    80392   Malta
Venezuela                     98400   Marshall Islands
Vietnam                      408802   Mauritania
Zambia                        29164   Mauritius
                                      Mexico
                                      Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Algeria                      194998   Middle East & North Africa
Brunei                        14010   Middle East & North Africa
Gambia                         2038   Middle East & North Africa
Guinea                        20999   Middle income
Guinea-Bissau       1634   Moldova
Guyana             14718   Monaco
Haiti              20254   Mongolia
Iran              413493   Montenegro
Korea, D.P.R.      28500   Morocco
Liberia             4001   Mozambique
Libya              45752   Myanmar
Madagascar         15297   Namibia
Malawi             13165   Nauru
Myanmar            62263   Nepal
Sierra Leone        4095   Netherlands
Somalia            10420   New Caledonia
Sudan              51662   New Zealand
Syria               8970   Nicaragua
Yemen, Republic    21610   Niger
Zimbabwe           27367   Nigeria
                           North America
                           North Macedonia
                           Northern Mariana Islands
                           Norway
                           Not classified
                           OECD members
                           Oman
                           Other small states
                           Pacific island small states
                           Pakistan
                           Palau
                           Panama
                           Papua New Guinea
                           Paraguay
                           Peru
                           Philippines
                           Poland
                           Portugal
                           Post-demographic dividend
                           Pre-demographic dividend
                           Puerto Rico
                           Qatar
                           Romania
                           Russian Federation
                           Rwanda
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Small states
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
South Asia
South Asia (IDA & IBRD)
South Sudan
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Martin (French part)
St. Vincent and the Grenadin
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa (excludi
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA &
Sudan
Suriname
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkiye
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
Tuvalu
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Upper middle income
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Viet Nam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
West Bank and Gaza
World
Yemen, Rep.
Zambia
Zimbabwe
     GDP in 2022
         $14,266
      $1,185,138
        $875,394
         $18,916
        $194,998
           $871
          $3,352
        $106,783
          $1,868
      $3,543,340
        $631,133
         $19,513
          $3,545
      $1,692,957
        $470,942
         $78,721
         $12,897
         $44,383
        $460,201
          $5,700
         $72,793
        $583,436
          $2,831
         $17,397
          $7,546
          $2,768
         $44,008
         $24,474
         $20,356
      $1,920,096
NA
         $16,682
         $90,346
         $18,820
          $3,339
          $2,227
         $29,505
         $43,644
      $2,137,939
         $94,867
          $6,845
          $2,383
      $1,944,160
        $12,704
         $11,736
       $301,025
     $17,963,171
       $343,622
          $1,243
         $64,719
         $15,817
         $69,244
         $70,019
         $71,600
       $633,442
          $3,075
         $29,251
       $290,528
       $400,167
          $3,515
           $607
       $113,537
     $14,148,420
     $30,688,236
     $21,193,772
     $21,167,325
       $115,049
       $476,748
         $32,489
         $12,030
NA
         $38,101
         $4,791
       $126,783
     $14,136,240
     $25,329,956
      $4,129,330
      $5,189,747
     $16,746,224
          $3,556
          $4,980
       $282,896
      $1,906,134
      $2,779,092
         $5,815
        $21,072
         $2,187
        $24,781
      $4,082,469
        $73,766
NA
       $217,581
         $3,236
         $1,215
         $6,123
        $95,003
        $20,999
         $1,634
        $14,718
        $20,254
       $980,688
     $61,667,467
        $31,718
       $359,839
       $177,337
     $37,752,366
        $28,065
     $40,573,962
      $1,175,092
      $1,647,744
      $2,822,822
      $3,416,646
      $1,319,100
       $413,493
       $264,182
       $533,140
         $6,684
       $525,002
      $2,049,737
        $17,098
      $4,232,174
        $48,653
  $225,496
  $113,420
      $223
        $0
 $1,673,916
    $9,409
  $175,363
   $11,544
   $15,469
$28,075,738
 $6,820,032
 $5,844,140
$6,001,570
   $40,932
 $1,427,109
   $23,132
    $2,237
    $4,001
   $45,752
    $7,710
   $70,974
$39,309,792
  $528,125
 $8,171,521
   $81,642
   $24,042
   $15,297
   $13,165
  $407,027
    $6,171
   $18,827
   $18,126
      $259
    $9,781
   $12,949
 $1,465,854
      $424
 $4,426,622
 $1,696,713
$1,677,610
$38,780,980
        $14,508
         $8,784
        $17,146
         $6,230
       $130,913
        $18,407
        $62,263
        $12,915
           $152
        $40,828
      $1,009,399
         $9,623
       $248,102
        $15,672
        $15,342
       $472,625
     $27,585,185
        $13,563
           $858
       $579,422
NA
     $59,787,850
       $114,667
       $530,807
        $10,324
       $374,697
           $233
        $76,523
        $31,604
        $41,722
       $242,632
       $404,284
       $688,125
       $255,197
     $56,661,681
      $1,617,246
       $113,435
       $236,258
       $300,691
     $2,240,422
        $13,311
      $833
    $1,855
      $543
 $1,108,572
   $27,684
   $63,563
    $1,588
    $4,095
 $466,788
    $1,537
  $115,462
   $60,063
  $636,018
     $1,597
   $10,420
  $405,271
$4,390,348
 $4,390,348
   $11,998
 $1,417,800
   $74,404
      $966
     $2,344
      $649
      $949
 $2,060,531
 $2,058,943
 $2,060,531
  $51,662
    $3,621
  $591,189
  $818,427
    $8,970
   $10,492
   $75,732
  $495,423
    $3,205
    $8,341
      $469
   $30,054
   $46,304
   $907,118
    $56,543
     $1,139
        $59
    $45,567
   $160,503
    $507,064
  $3,089,073
 $25,439,700
 $30,609,458
    $71,177
    $80,392
     $1,056
   $482,359
   $408,802
     $4,444
     $19,112
$101,325,687
    $21,606
    $29,164
    $27,367
Country                     S&P Rating
                                         Moody's Rating   Country                  Moody's
Abu Dhabi                      AA             Aa2         Abu Dhabi                 Aa2
Albania                         B+            B1          Albania                    B1
Andorra (Principality of)      BBB+           Baa2        Andorra                  Baa2
Angola                          B-            B3          Angola                     B3
Argentina                      CCC-           Ca          Argentina                  Ca
Armenia                        BB-            Ba3         Armenia                   Ba3
Aruba                          BBB            NA          Aruba                     NA
Australia                      AAA            Aaa         Australia                 Aaa
Austria                        AA+            Aa1         Austria                   Aa1
Azerbaijan                     BB+            Ba1         Azerbaijan                Ba1
Bahamas                         B+            B1          Bahamas                    B1
Bahrain                         B+            B2          Bahrain                    B2
Bangladesh                     BB-            B1          Bangladesh                 B1
Barbados                        B-            B3          Barbados                   B3
Belarus                        NA              C          Belarus                    C
Belgium                        AA             Aa3         Belgium                   Aa3
Belize                          B-            Caa2        Belize                   Caa2
Benin                           B+            B1          Benin                      B1
Bermuda                         A+            A2          Bermuda                    A2
Bolivia                        CCC+           Caa1        Bolivia                  Caa1
Bosnia and Herzegovina          B+            B3          Bosnia and Herzegovina     B3
Botswana                       BBB+           A3          Botswana                   A3
Brazil                         BB-            Ba2         Brazil                    Ba2
Bulgaria                       BBB            Baa1        Bulgaria                 Baa1
Burkina Faso                   CCC+           NA          Burkina Faso              NA
Cambodia                       NA             B2          Cambodia                   B2
Cameroon                       CCC+           Caa1        Cameroon                 Caa1
Canada                         AAA            Aaa         Canada                    Aaa
Cape Verde                      B-            NA          Cape Verde                NA
Cayman Islands                 NA             Aa3         Cayman Islands            Aa3
Chile                       A     A2     Chile                        A2
China                      A+     A1     China                        A1
Colombia                   BB+    Baa2   Colombia                     Baa2
Congo (Democratic Republ    B-    B3     Congo (Democratic Republi B3
Congo (Republic of)         B-    Caa2   Congo (Republic of)          Caa2
Cook Islands                B+    NA     Cook Islands                 NA
Costa Rica                 BB-    B1     Costa Rica                   B1
Côte d'Ivoire              BB-    Ba3    Cote d'Ivoire                Ba3
Croatia                    BBB+   Baa2   Croatia                      Baa2
Cuba                       NA     Ca     Cuba                         Ca
Curacao                    BBB-   NA     Curacao                      NA
Cyprus                     BBB    Baa2   Cyprus                       Baa2
Czech Republic             AA-    Aa3    Czech Republic               Aa3
Denmark                    AAA    Aaa    Denmark                      Aaa
Dominican Republic         BB     Ba3    Dominican Republic           Ba3
Ecuador                     B-    Caa3   Ecuador                      Caa3
Egypt                       B-    Caa1   Egypt                        Caa1
El Salvador                 B-    Caa3   El Salvador                  Caa3
Estonia                    AA-    A1     Estonia                      A1
Ethiopia                   CCC    Caa2   Ethiopia                     Caa2
Fiji                        B+    B1     Fiji                         B1
Finland                    AA+    Aa1    Finland                      Aa1
France                     AA     Aa2    France                       Aa2
Gabon                      NA     Caa1   Gabon                        Caa1
Georgia                    BB     Ba2    Georgia                      Ba2
Germany                    AAA    Aaa    Germany                      Aaa
Ghana                      NR     Caa3   Ghana                        Caa3
Greece                     BBB-   Ba1    Greece                       Ba1
Guatemala                  BB     Ba1    Guatemala                    Ba1
Guernsey (States of)       A+     NA     Guernsey (Channel Islands)   NA
Honduras                   BB-    B1     Honduras                     B1
Hong Kong                  AA+    Aa3    Hong Kong                    Aa3
Hungary                    BBB-   Baa2   Hungary                      Baa2
Iceland              A+     A2     Iceland                    A2
India                BBB-   Baa3   India                      Baa3
Indonesia            BBB    Baa2   Indonesia                  Baa2
Iraq                  B-    Caa1   Iraq                       Caa1
Ireland              AA     Aa3    Ireland                    Aa3
Isle of Man          NA     Aa3    Isle of Man                Aa3
Israel               AA-    A1     Israel                     A1
Italy                BBB    Baa3   Italy                      Baa3
Jamaica              BB-    B1     Jamaica                    B1
Japan                A+     A1     Japan                      A1
Jersey (States of)   AA-    NA     Jersey (Channel Islands)   NA
Jordan                B+    B1     Jordan                     B1
Kazakhstan           BBB-   Baa2   Kazakhstan                 Baa2
Kenya                 B     B3     Kenya                      B3
Korea                AA     Aa2    Korea                      Aa2
Kuwait               A+     A1     Kuwait                     A1
Kyrgyzstan           NA     B3     Kyrgyz Republic            B3
Laos                 NA     Caa3   Laos                       Caa3
Latvia               A+     A3     Latvia                     A3
Lebanon              NR      C     Lebanon                     C
Liechtenstein        AAA    NA     Liechtenstein              NA
Lithuania            A+     A2     Lithuania                  A2
Luxembourg           AAA    Aaa    Luxembourg                 Aaa
Macao                NA     Aa3    Macao                      Aa3
Macedonia            BB-    NA     Macedonia                  NA
Malaysia              A-    A3     Malaysia                   A3
Maldives             NA     Caa1   Maldives                   Caa1
Mali                 NA     Caa2   Mali                       Caa2
Malta                 A-    A2     Malta                      A2
Mauritius            BBB-   Baa3   Mauritius                  Baa3
Mexico               BBB+   Baa2   Mexico                     Baa2
Moldova              NA     B3     Moldova                    B3
Mongolia              B     B3     Mongolia                   B3
Montenegro                 B     B1     Montenegro                  B1
Montserrat                BBB-   NA     Montserrat                  NA
Morocco                   BB+    Ba1    Morocco                     Ba1
Mozambique                CCC+   Caa2   Mozambique                  Caa2
Namibia                   NA     B1     Namibia                     B1
Netherlands               AAA    Aaa    Netherlands                 Aaa
New Zealand               AA+    Aaa    New Zealand                 Aaa
Nicaragua                  B     B3     Nicaragua                   B3
Niger                     NA     Caa2   Niger                       Caa2
Nigeria                    B-    Caa1   Nigeria                     Caa1
Norway                    AAA    Aaa    Norway                      Aaa
Oman                      BB+    Ba1    Oman                        Ba1
Pakistan                  CCC+   Caa3   Pakistan                    Caa3
Panama                    BBB    NA     Panama                      NA
Papua New Guinea           B-    B2     Papua New Guinea            B2
Paraguay                  BB     Ba1    Paraguay                    Ba1
Peru                      BBB    Baa1   Peru                        Baa1
Philippines               BBB+   Baa2   Philippines                 Baa2
Poland                     A-    A2     Poland                      A2
Portugal                  BBB+   A3     Portugal                    A3
Qatar                     AA     Aa3    Qatar                       Aa3
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate    A-    A3     Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate o   NA
Romania                   BBB-   Baa3   Romania                     Baa3
Russia                    NA     NA     Russia                      NA
Rwanda                     B+    B2     Rwanda                      B2
Saudi Arabia               A     A1     Saudi Arabia                A1
Senegal                    B+    Ba3    Senegal                     Ba3
Serbia                    BB+    Ba2    Serbia                      Ba2
Sharjah                   BBB-   Ba1    Sharjah                     Ba1
Singapore                 AAA    Aaa    Singapore                   Aaa
Slovakia                  A+     A2     Slovakia                    A2
Slovenia                  AA-    A3     Slovenia                    A3
Solomon Islands           NA     Caa1   Solomon Islands             Caa1
South Africa               BB-    Ba2    South Africa                  Ba2
Spain                       A     Baa1   Spain                         Baa1
Sri Lanka                  NA     Ca     Sri Lanka                     Ca
St. Maarten                NA     Ba2    Sint Maarten                  NA
St. Vincent & the Grenad   NA     B3     St. Vincent & the Grenadine   B3
Suriname                   NR     Caa3   Suriname                      Caa3
Swaziland                  NA     B3     eSwatini                      B3
Sweden                     AAA    Aaa    Sweden                        Aaa
Switzerland                AAA    Aaa    Switzerland                   Aaa
Taiwan                     AA+    Aa3    Taiwan                        Aa3
Tajikistan                  B-    B3     Tajikistan                    B3
Tanzania                   NA     B2     Tanzania                      B2
Thailand                   BBB+   Baa1   Thailand                      Baa1
Togo                        B     B3     Togo                          B3
Trinidad and Tobago        BBB-   Ba2    Trinidad and Tobago           Ba2
Tunisia                    NA     Caa2   Tunisia                       Caa2
Turkey                      B     B3     Turkey                        B3
Turks and Caicos Islands   BBB+   Baa1   Turks and Caicos Islands      NA
Uganda                      B-    B2     Uganda                        B2
Ukraine                    CCC    Ca     Ukraine                       Ca
United Arab Emirates       NA     Aa2    United Arab Emirates          Aa2
United Kingdom             AA     Aa3    United Kingdom                Aa3
United States              AA+    Aaa    United States of America      Aaa
Uruguay                    BBB+   Baa2   Uruguay                       Baa2
Uzbekistan                 BB-    Ba3    Uzbekistan                    Ba3
Venezuela                  NA      C     Venezuela                      C
Vietnam                    BB+    Ba2    Vietnam                       Ba2
Zambia                     CCC+   Caa3   Zambia                        Caa3
S&P    Country                  FC          LC
 AA    Abu Dhabi                     Aa2         Aa2    Abu Dhab
 B+    Albania                       B1          B1     Albania
BBB+   Andorra                       Baa2        Baa2   Andorra
 B-    Angola                        B3          B3     Angola
CCC-   Argentina                     Ca          Ca     Argentina
BB-    Armenia                       Ba3         Ba3    Armenia
BBB    Australia                     Aaa         Aaa    Aruba
AAA    Austria                       Aa1         Aa1    Australia
AA+    Azerbaijan                    Ba1         Ba1    Austria
BB+    Bahamas                       B1          B1     Azerbaija
 B+    Bahamas-Offshore Bank          -           -     Bahamas
 B+    Bahrain                       B2          B2     Bahrain
BB-    Bahrain-Offshore Banks         -           -     Banglade
 B-    Bangladesh                    B1          B1     Barbados
NA     Barbados                      B3          B3     Belgium
 AA    Belarus                        C           C     Belize
 B-    Belgium                       Aa3         Aa3    Benin
 B+    Belize                        Caa2    Caa2       Bermuda
 A+    Benin                         B1          B1     Bolivia
CCC+   Bermuda                       A2          A2     Bosnia a
 B+    Bolivia                       Caa1    Caa1       Botswana
BBB+   Bosnia and Herzegovina        B3          B3     Brazil
BB-    Botswana                      A3          A3     Bulgaria
BBB    Brazil                        Ba2         Ba2    Burkina
CCC+   Bulgaria                      Baa1        Baa1   Cameroo
NA     Cambodia                      B2          B2     Canada
CCC+   Cameroon                      Caa1    Caa1       Cape Ver
AAA    Canada                        Aaa         Aaa    Chile
 B-    Cayman Islands                Aa3         Aa3    China
NA     Cayman Islands-Offshor         -           -     Colombia
 A     Chile                     A2     A2     Congo (D
 A+    China                     A1     A1     Congo-Bra
BB+    Colombia                  Baa2   Baa2   Cook Isla
 B-    Costa Rica                B1     B1     Costa Ri
 B-    Cote d'Ivoire             Ba3    Ba3    Cote d’Iv
 B+    Croatia                   Baa2   Baa2   Croatia
BB-    Cuba                      Ca     Ca     Curacao
BB-    Cyprus                    Baa2   Baa2   Cyprus
BBB+   Czech Republic            Aa3    Aa3    Czech Re
NA     Democratic Republic of    B3     B3     Denmark
BBB-   Denmark                   Aaa    Aaa    Dominica
BBB    Dominican Republic        Ba3    Ba3    Ecuador
AA-    Ecuador                   Caa3    -     Egypt
AAA    Egypt                     Caa1   Caa1   El Salvad
BB     El Salvador               Caa3    -     Estonia
 B-    Estonia                   A1     A1     Ethiopia
 B-    eSwatini                  B3     B3     Falkland
 B-    Ethiopia                  Caa3   Caa2   Fiji
AA-    Fiji                      B1     B1     Finland
CCC    Finland                   Aa1    Aa1    France
 B+    France                    Aa2    Aa2    Georgia
AA+    Gabon                     Caa1   Caa1   Germany
AA     Georgia                   Ba2    Ba2    Ghana
NA     Germany                   Aaa    Aaa    Greece
BB     Ghana                     Ca     Caa3   Guatemal
AAA    Greece                    Ba1    Ba1    Guernsey
NR     Guatemala                 Ba1    Ba1    Honduras
BBB-   Guernsey (Channel Islan    -      -     Hong Ko
BB     Honduras                  B1     B1     Hungary
 A+    Hong Kong SAR, China      Aa3    Aa3    Iceland
BB-    Hungary                   Baa2   Baa2   India
AA+    Iceland                   A2     A2     Indonesia
BBB-   India                     Baa3   Baa3   Iraq
 A+    Indonesia                 Baa2   Baa2   Ireland
BBB-   Iraq                      Caa1   Caa1   Israel
BBB    Ireland                   Aa3    Aa3    Italy
 B-    Isle of Man               Aa3    Aa3    Jamaica
AA     Israel                    A1     A1     Japan
NA     Italy                     Baa3   Baa3   Jersey
AA-    Jamaica                   B1     B1     Jordan
BBB    Japan                     A1     A1     Kazakhst
BB-    Jersey (Channel Islands    -      -     Kenya
 A+    Jordan                    B1     B1     Korea
AA-    Kazakhstan                Baa2   Baa2   Kuwait
 B+    Kenya                     B3     B3     Latvia
BBB-   Korea                     Aa2    Aa2    Lebanon
 B     Kuwait                    A1     A1     Liechtens
AA     Kyrgyz Republic           B3     B3     Lithuania
 A+    Laos                      Caa3   Caa3   Luxembo
NA     Latvia                    A3     A3     Madagasc
NA     Lebanon                    C      C     Malaysia
 A+    Liechtenstein              -      -     Malta
NR     Lithuania                 A2     A2     Mauritius
AAA    Luxembourg                Aaa    Aaa    Mexico
 A+    Macao SAR, China          Aa3    Aa3    Mongolia
AAA    Malaysia                  A3     A3     Monteneg
NA     Maldives                  Caa1   Caa1   Montserra
BB-    Mali                      Caa2   Caa2   Morocco
 A-    Malta                     A2     A2     Mozambi
NA     Mauritius                 Baa3   Baa3   Netherla
NA     Mexico                    Baa2   Baa2   New Zeal
 A-    Moldova                   B3     B3     Nicaragu
BBB-   Mongolia                  B3     B3     Nigeria
BBB+   Montenegro                B1      -     North Ma
NA     Morocco                   Ba1    Ba1    Norway
 B     Mozambique                Caa2   Caa2   Oman
 B     Namibia                 B1     B1     Pakistan
BBB-   Netherlands             Aaa    Aaa    Panama
BB+    New Zealand             Aaa    Aaa    Papua Ne
CCC+   Nicaragua               B3     B3     Paraguay
NA     Niger                   Caa2   Caa2   Peru
AAA    Nigeria                 Caa1   Caa1   Philippin
AA+    Norway                  Aaa    Aaa    Poland
 B     Oman                    Ba1    Ba1    Portugal
NA     Pakistan                Caa3   Caa3   Qatar
 B-    Panama                  Baa3    -     Ras Al K
AAA    Panama-Offshore Banks    -      -     Romania
BB+    Papua New Guinea        B2     B2     Rwanda
CCC+   Paraguay                Ba1    Ba1    Saudi Ara
BBB    Peru                    Baa1   Baa1   Senegal
 B-    Philippines             Baa2   Baa2   Serbia
 BB    Poland                  A2     A2     Sharjah
BBB    Portugal                A3     A3     Singapor
BBB+   Qatar                   Aa3    Aa3    Slovakia
 A-    Republic of the Congo   Caa2   Caa2   Slovenia
BBB+   Romania                 Baa3   Baa3   South Afr
 AA    Russia                  NA     NA     Spain
 A-    Rwanda                  B2     B2     Sri Lanka
BBB-   Saudi Arabia            A1     A1     St Helen
NA     Senegal                 Ba3    Ba3    Suriname
 B+    Serbia                  Ba2    Ba2    Sweden
 A     Sharjah                 Ba1    Ba1    Switzerla
 B+    Singapore               Aaa    Aaa    Taiwan
BB+    Slovakia                A2     A2     Tajikistan
BBB-   Slovenia                A3     A3     Thailand
AAA    Solomon Islands         Caa1   Caa1   Togo
 A+    South Africa            Ba2    Ba2    Trinidad
AA-    Spain                   Baa1   Baa1   Turkiye
NA     Sri Lanka               Ca      -     Turks an
BB-    Sint Maarten              NA     NA     Uganda
 A     St. Vincent & the Grena   B3     B3     Ukraine
NA     Suriname                  Caa3   Caa3   United K
NA     Sweden                    Aaa    Aaa    United St
NA     Switzerland               Aaa    Aaa    Uruguay
NR     Taiwan, China             Aa3    Aa3    Uzbekist
NA     Tajikistan                B3     B3     Vietnam
AAA    Tanzania                  B2     B2     Zambia
AAA    Thailand                  Baa1   Baa1
AA+    Togo                      B3     B3
 B-    Trinidad and Tobago       Ba2    Ba2
NA     Tunisia                   Caa2   Caa2
BBB+   Turkiye                   B3     B3
 B     Uganda                    B2     B2
BBB-   Ukraine                   Ca     Ca
NA     United Arab Emirates      Aa2    Aa2
 B     United Kingdom            Aa3    Aa3
BBB+   United States of Americ   Aaa    Aaa
 B-    Uzbekistan                Ba3    Ba3
CCC    Uruguay                   Baa2   Baa2
NA     Venezuela                  C     NA
 AA    Vietnam                   Ba2    Ba2
AA+    Zambia                    Ca     Caa3
BBB+
BB-
NA
BB+
CCC+
S&P    FOREIGN CURRENCY
                      LOCAL CURRENCY
                               RATINGS (LT/OUTLOOK/ST)
                                         RATINGS (LT/OUTLOOK/ST)
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
B+     B+/Positive/B B+/Positive/B
BBB+   BBB+/Positive/ BBB+/Positive/A-2
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
CCC-   CCC-/NegativeCCC-/Negative/C
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
BBB    BBB/Stable/A-2BBB/Stable/A-2
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AA+/Stable/A-1+
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BB+/Stable/B
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
BB-    BB-/Negative/BBB-/Negative/B
B-     B-/Positive/B B-/Positive/B
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
B+     B+/Positive/B B+/Positive/B
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
CCC+   CCC+/NegativeCCC+/Negative/C
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
BBB+   BBB+/Stable/A-BBB+/Stable/A-2
BB-    BB-/Positive/B BB-/Positive/B
BBB    BBB/Positive/ABBB/Positive/A-2
CCC+   CCC+/Stable/CCCC+/Stable/C
CCC+   CCC+/Stable/CCCC+/Stable/C
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
A      A/Negative/A-1A+/Negative/A-1
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BBB-/Stable/A-3
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
BBB+   BBB+/Positive/ BBB+/Positive/A-2
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
BBB    BBB/Positive/ABBB/Positive/A-2
AA-    AA-/Stable/A-1 AA/Stable/A-1+
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
BB     BB/Stable/B BB/Stable/B
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
AA-    AA-/Negative/AAA-/Negative/A-1+
CCC    CCC/Negative/CCC/Negative/C
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AA+/Stable/A-1+
AA     AA/Negative/A-AA/Negative/A-1+
BB     BB/Stable/B BB/Stable/B
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
NR     SD/--/SD       CCC+/Stable/C
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
BB     BB/Stable/B BB/Stable/B
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AA+/Stable/A-1+
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
BBB    BBB/Stable/A-2BBB/Stable/A-2
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
AA-    AA-/Negative/AAA-/Negative/A-1+
BBB    BBB/Stable/A-2BBB/Stable/A-2
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
AA-    AA-/Stable/A-1 AA-/Stable/A-1+
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
B      B/Negative/B B/Negative/B
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
A+     A+/Negative/A-A+/Negative/A-1
NR     SD/--/SD       CC/Negative/C
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
A+     A+/Negative/A-A+/Negative/A-1
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
A-     A-/Stable/A-2 A/Stable/A-1
A-     A-/Stable/A-2 A-/Stable/A-2
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
BBB+   BBB/Stable/A-2BBB+/Stable/A-2
B      B/Stable/B     B/Stable/B
B      B/Stable/B     B/Stable/B
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BB+/Stable/B
CCC+   CCC+/Stable/CCCC+/Stable/C
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
B      B/Stable/B     B/Stable/B
B-     B-/Stable/B    B-/Stable/B
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BB+/Stable/B
CCC+   CCC+/Stable/CCCC+/Stable/C
BBB    BBB/Negative/ABBB/Negative/A-2
B-     B-/Stable/B     B-/Stable/B
BB     BB/Stable/B BB/Stable/B
BBB    BBB/Negative/ABBB+/Negative/A-2
BBB+   BBB+/Stable/A-BBB+/Stable/A-2
A-     A-/Stable/A-2 A/Stable/A-1
BBB+   BBB+/Positive/ BBB+/Positive/A-2
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
A-     A-/Positive/A-2 A-/Positive/A-2
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
A      A/Stable/A-1 A/Stable/A-1
B+     B+/Stable/B B+/Stable/B
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BB+/Stable/B
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
A+     A+/Stable/A-1 A+/Stable/A-1
AA-    AA-/Stable/A-1 AA-/Stable/A-1+
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB/Stable/B
A      A/Stable/A-1 A/Stable/A-1
NR     SD/--/SD        CCC+/Stable/C
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
NR     SD/--/SD        SD/--/SD
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
AAA    AAA/Stable/A-1AAA/Stable/A-1+
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AA+/Stable/A-1+
B-     B-/Stable/B     B-/Stable/B
BBB+   BBB+/Stable/A-A-/Stable/A-2
B      B/Stable/B      B/Stable/B
BBB-   BBB-/Stable/A-BBB-/Stable/A-3
B      B/Positive/B B/Positive/B
BBB+   BBB+/Stable/A-BBB+/Stable/A-2
B-     B-/Stable/B   B-/Stable/B
CCC    CCC/Negative/CCC+/Stable/C
AA     AA/Stable/A-1+AA/Stable/A-1+
AA+    AA+/Stable/A-1AA+/Stable/A-1+
BBB+   BBB+/Stable/A-BBB+/Stable/A-2
BB-    BB-/Stable/B BB-/Stable/B
BB+    BB+/Stable/B BB+/Stable/B
CCC+   SD/--/SD      CCC+/Stable/C
OUTLOOK/ST)
Country                     Tax Rate   Looked up for 2022   Country                    2023
Abu Dhabi                       15.00%        0.15          Afghanistan                20.00%
Albania                         15.00%        0.15          Albania                    15.00%
Andorra (Principality of)       18.98%      0.1898          Algeria                    26.00%
Angola                          25.00%        0.25          Andorra                    10.00%
Argentina                       35.00%        0.35          Angola                     25.00%
Armenia                         18.00%        0.18          Anguilla                   0.00%
Aruba                           25.00%        0.25          Antigua and Barbuda        25.00%
Australia                       30.00%         0.3          Argentina                  35.00%
Austria                         24.00%        0.24          Armenia                    18.00%
Azerbaijan                      20.00%         0.2          Aruba                      25.00%
Bahamas                          0.00%           0          Australia                  30.00%
Bahrain                          0.00%           0          Austria                    24.00%
Bangladesh                      30.00%         0.3          Azerbaijan                 20.00%
Barbados                         5.50%       0.055          Bahamas                    0.00%
Belarus                         18.00%        0.18          Bahrain                    0.00%
Belgium                         25.00%        0.25          Bangladesh                 30.00%
Belize                          28.53%      0.2853          Barbados                   5.50%
Benin                           30.00%         0.3          Belarus                    18.00%
Bermuda                          0.00%           0          Belgium                    25.00%
Bolivia                         25.00%        0.25          Benin                      30.00%
Bosnia and Herzegovina          10.00%         0.1          Bermuda                    0.00%
Botswana                        22.00%        0.22          Bolivia                    25.00%
Brazil                          34.00%        0.34          Bonaire, Saint Eustatius   25.00%
Bulgaria                        10.00%         0.1          Bosnia and Herzegovina     10.00%
Burkina Faso                    28.00%        0.28          Botswana                   22.00%
Cambodia                        20.00%         0.2          Brazil                     34.00%
Cameroon                        33.00%        0.33          Brunei Darussalam          18.50%
Canada                          26.50%       0.265          Bulgaria                   10.00%
Cape Verde                       0.00%           0          Burkina Faso               28.00%
Cayman Islands                   0.00%           0          Burundi                    30.00%
Chile                           27.00%        0.27          Cambodia                   20.00%
China                           25.00%        0.25          Cameroon                   33.00%
Colombia                        35.00%        0.35          Canada                     26.50%
Congo (Democratic Republic of 30.00%          0.30          Cayman Islands             0.00%
Congo (Republic of)             28.00%        0.28          Chile                      27.00%
Cook Islands                    29.74%      0.2974          China                      25.00%
Costa Rica                      30.00%         0.3          Colombia                   35.00%
Côte d'Ivoire                   25.00%        0.25          Congo                      28.00%
Croatia                         18.00%        0.18          Congo (Democratic Republ   30.00%
Cuba                            28.53%      0.2853          Costa Rica                 30.00%
Curacao                22.00%     0.22   Croatia              18.00%
Cyprus                 12.50%    0.125   Curacao              22.00%
Czech Republic         19.00%     0.19   Cyprus               12.50%
Denmark                22.00%     0.22   Czech Republic       19.00%
Dominican Republic     27.00%     0.27   Denmark              22.00%
Ecuador                25.00%     0.25   Djibouti             25.00%
Egypt                  22.50%    0.225   Dominica             25.00%
El Salvador            30.00%      0.3   Dominican Republic   27.00%
Estonia                20.00%      0.2   Ecuador              25.00%
Ethiopia               30.00%      0.3   Egypt                22.50%
Fiji                   20.00%      0.2   El Salvador          30.00%
Finland                20.00%      0.2   Estonia              20.00%
France                 25.00%     0.25   Ethiopia             30.00%
Gabon                  30.00%      0.3   Fiji                 20.00%
Georgia                15.00%     0.15   Finland              20.00%
Germany                30.00%      0.3   France               25.00%
Ghana                  25.00%     0.25   Gabon                30.00%
Greece                 22.00%     0.22   Gambia               27.00%
Guatemala              25.00%     0.25   Georgia              15.00%
Guernsey (States of)   0.00%        0    Germany              30.00%
Honduras               25.00%     0.25   Ghana                25.00%
Hong Kong              16.50%    0.165   Gibraltar            10.00%
Hungary                9.00%      0.09   Greece               22.00%
Iceland                20.00%      0.2   Grenada              28.00%
India                  30.00%      0.3   Guatemala            25.00%
Indonesia              22.00%     0.22   Guernsey             0.00%
Iraq                   15.00%     0.15   Honduras             25.00%
Ireland                12.50%    0.125   Hong Kong SAR        16.50%
Isle of Man            0.00%        0    Hungary              9.00%
Israel                 23.00%     0.23   Iceland              20.00%
Italy                  24.00%     0.24   India                30.00%
Jamaica                25.00%     0.25   Indonesia            22.00%
Japan                  30.62%   0.3062   Iraq                 15.00%
Jersey (States of)     0.00%        0    Ireland              12.50%
Jordan                 20.00%      0.2   Isle of Man          0.00%
Kazakhstan             20.00%      0.2   Israel               23.00%
Kenya                  30.00%      0.3   Italy                24.00%
Korea                  25.00%     0.25   Ivory Coast          25.00%
Kuwait                 15.00%     0.15   Jamaica              25.00%
Kyrgyzstan             10.00%      0.1   Japan                30.62%
Laos                   26.86%   0.2686   Jersey               0.00%
Latvia                        20.00%      0.2   Jordan                  20.00%
Lebanon                       17.00%     0.17   Kazakhstan              20.00%
Liechtenstein                 12.50%    0.125   Kenya                   30.00%
Lithuania                     15.00%     0.15   Korea, Republic of      24.00%
Luxembourg                    24.94%   0.2494   Kuwait                  15.00%
Macao                         26.86%   0.2686   Kyrgyzstan              10.00%
Macedonia                     10.00%      0.1   Latvia                  20.00%
Malaysia                      24.00%     0.24   Lebanon                 17.00%
Maldives                      26.86%   0.2686   Libya                   24.00%
Mali                          26.86%   0.2686   Liechtenstein           12.50%
Malta                         35.00%     0.35   Lithuania               15.00%
Mauritius                     15.00%     0.15   Luxembourg              24.94%
Mexico                        30.00%      0.3   Macau                   12.00%
Moldova                       12.00%     0.12   Macedonia               10.00%
Mongolia                      25.00%     0.25   Madagascar              20.00%
Montenegro                    15.00%     0.15   Malawi                  30.00%
Montserrat                    28.53%   0.2853   Malaysia                24.00%
Morocco                       32.00%     0.32   Malta                   35.00%
Mozambique                    32.00%     0.32   Mauritania              25.00%
Namibia                       32.00%     0.32   Mauritius               15.00%
Netherlands                   25.80%    0.258   Mexico                  30.00%
New Zealand                   28.00%     0.28   Moldova                 12.00%
Nicaragua                     30.00%      0.3   Monaco                  33.00%
Niger                         26.86%   0.2686   Mongolia                25.00%
Nigeria                       30.00%      0.3   Montenegro              15.00%
Norway                        22.00%     0.22   Morocco                 32.00%
Oman                          15.00%     0.15   Mozambique              32.00%
Pakistan                      29.00%     0.29   Myanmar                 22.00%
Panama                        25.00%     0.25   Namibia                 32.00%
Papua New Guinea              30.00%      0.3   Netherlands             25.80%
Paraguay                      10.00%      0.1   New Zealand             28.00%
Peru                          29.50%    0.295   Nicaragua               30.00%
Philippines                   25.00%     0.25   Nigeria                 30.00%
Poland                        19.00%     0.19   Norway                  22.00%
Portugal                      21.00%     0.21   Oman                    15.00%
Qatar                         10.00%      0.1   Pakistan                29.00%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)   0.00%        0    Palestinian Territory   15.00%
Romania                       16.00%     0.16   Panama                  25.00%
Russia                        20.00%      0.2   Papua New Guinea        30.00%
Rwanda                        30.00%      0.3   Paraguay                10.00%
Saudi Arabia                  20.00%      0.2   Peru                    29.50%
Senegal                        30.00%      0.3   Philippines                 25.00%
Serbia                         15.00%     0.15   Poland                      19.00%
Sharjah                        0.00%        0    Portugal                    21.00%
Singapore                      17.00%     0.17   Qatar                       10.00%
Slovakia                       21.00%     0.21   Romania                     16.00%
Slovenia                       19.00%     0.19   Russia                      20.00%
Solomon Islands                30.00%      0.3   Rwanda                      30.00%
South Africa                   27.00%     0.27   Saint Kitts and Nevis       33.00%
Spain                          25.00%     0.25   Saint Lucia                 30.00%
Sri Lanka                      24.00%     0.24   Saint Vincent and the Gre   30.00%
St. Maarten                    28.53%   0.2853   Samoa                       27.00%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   28.53%   0.2853   Saudi Arabia                20.00%
Suriname                       36.00%     0.36   Senegal                     30.00%
Swaziland                      27.50%    0.275   Serbia                      15.00%
Sweden                         20.60%    0.206   Sierra Leone                25.00%
Switzerland                    14.60%    0.146   Singapore                   17.00%
Taiwan                         20.00%      0.2   Sint Maarten (Dutch part)   35.00%
Tajikistan                     18.00%     0.18   Slovakia                    21.00%
Tanzania                       30.00%      0.3   Slovenia                    19.00%
Thailand                       20.00%      0.2   Solomon Islands             30.00%
Togo                           26.86%   0.2686   South Africa                27.00%
Trinidad and Tobago            30.00%      0.3   Spain                       25.00%
Tunisia                        15.00%     0.15   Sri Lanka                   24.00%
Turkey                         25.00%     0.25   St Maarten                  35.00%
Turks and Caicos Islands       0.00%        0    Sudan                       35.00%
Uganda                         30.00%      0.3   Suriname                    36.00%
Ukraine                        18.00%     0.18   Swaziland                   27.50%
United Arab Emirates           25.00%     0.25   Sweden                      20.60%
United Kingdom                 25.00%     0.25   Switzerland                 14.60%
United States                  25.00%     0.25   Syria                       28.00%
Uruguay                        25.00%     0.25   Taiwan                      20.00%
Uzbekistan                     15.00%     0.15   Tajikistan                  18.00%
Venezuela                      34.00%     0.34   Tanzania                    30.00%
Vietnam                        20.00%      0.2   Thailand                    20.00%
Zambia                         35.00%     0.35   Trinidad and Tobago         30.00%
                                                 Tunisia                     15.00%
                                                 Turkey                      25.00%
                                                 Turkmenistan                20.00%
                                                 Turks and Caicos Islands     0.00%
                                                 Uganda                      30.00%
                                                 Ukraine                     18.00%
                                                 United Arab Emirates        25.00%
United Kingdom   25.00%
United States    25.00%
Uruguay          25.00%
Uzbekistan       15.00%
Vanuatu           0.00%
Venezuela        34.00%
Vietnam          20.00%
Yemen            20.00%
Zambia           35.00%
Zimbabwe         24.72%
Region                  Average Tax Rate
Europe average              19.52%
Africa average              26.86%
Latin America average       28.53%
North America average       25.75%
Oceania average             29.74%
OECD average                22.81%
Country                   PRS Score   Total Equity Risk P Rating-based Defaul   Final ERP
Abu Dhabi                    #N/A                   5.32%        0.54%            5.32%
Albania                      64.75                 11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Andorra (Principality of)    #N/A                   7.38%        2.07%            7.38%
Angola                       62.25                 14.11%        7.08%           14.11%
Argentina                    56.25                 22.15%       13.07%           22.15%
Armenia                      61.00                  9.86%        3.92%            9.86%
Aruba                        #N/A                   7.38%        2.07%            7.38%
Australia                    79.50                  4.60%        0.00%            4.60%
Austria                      76.50                  5.18%        0.44%            5.18%
Azerbaijan                   73.75                  8.26%        2.73%            8.26%
Bahamas                      74.50                 11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Bahrain                      69.25                 12.64%        5.99%           12.64%
Bangladesh                   63.50                 11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Barbados                     #N/A                  14.11%        7.08%           14.11%
Belarus                      61.75                 28.09%       17.50%           28.09%
Belgium                      74.50                  5.48%        0.65%            5.48%
Belize                       #N/A                  17.77%        9.81%           17.77%
Benin                        #N/A                  11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Bermuda                      #N/A                   5.84%        0.92%            5.84%
Bolivia                      64.50                 15.57%        8.17%           15.57%
Bosnia and Herzegovina       #N/A                  14.11%        7.08%           14.11%
Botswana                     79.50                  6.35%        1.31%            6.35%
Brazil                       71.00                  9.00%        3.28%            9.00%
Bulgaria                     71.50                  6.94%        1.74%            6.94%
Burkina Faso                 59.00                 15.57%        8.17%           15.57%
Cambodia                     #N/A                  12.64%        5.99%           12.64%
Cameroon                     61.50                 15.57%        8.17%           15.57%
Canada                       80.75                  4.60%        0.00%            4.60%
Cape Verde                   #N/A                  14.11%        7.08%           14.11%
Cayman Islands               #N/A                   5.48%        0.65%            5.48%
Chile                        72.00                  5.84%        0.92%            5.84%
China                        #N/A                   5.63%        0.77%            5.63%
Colombia                     63.25                  7.38%        2.07%            7.38%
Congo (Democratic Republ 57.00                     14.11%        7.08%           14.11%
Congo (Republic of)          68.50                 17.77%        9.81%           17.77%
Cook Islands                 #N/A                  11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Costa Rica                   73.00                 11.18%        4.90%           11.18%
Côte d'Ivoire                #N/A                   9.86%        3.92%            9.86%
Croatia                      73.75                  7.38%        2.07%            7.38%
Cuba                         61.75                 22.15%       13.07%           22.15%
Curacao                #N/A     7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Cyprus                 70.00    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Czech Republic         76.00    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Denmark                84.75    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Dominican Republic     72.00    9.86%    3.92%   9.86%
Ecuador                66.00   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Egypt                  56.00   15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
El Salvador            66.50   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Estonia                69.25    5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Ethiopia               58.00   17.77%    9.81%   17.77%
Fiji                   #N/A    11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Finland                78.75    5.18%    0.44%   5.18%
France                 72.50    5.32%    0.54%   5.32%
Gabon                  70.00   15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
Georgia                #N/A     9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
Germany                79.25    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Ghana                  61.75   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Greece                 69.50    8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Guatemala              70.25    8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Guernsey (States of)   #N/A     5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Honduras               67.00   11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Hong Kong              78.00    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Hungary                70.75    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Iceland                80.75    5.84%    0.92%   5.84%
India                  70.25    7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Indonesia              69.25    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Iraq                   68.75   15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
Ireland                83.75    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Isle of Man            #N/A     5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Israel                 74.25    5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Italy                  74.50    7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Jamaica                72.50   11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Japan                  80.50    5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Jersey (States of)     #N/A     5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Jordan                 65.25   11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Kazakhstan             75.50    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Kenya                  57.00   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Korea                  #N/A     5.32%    0.54%   5.32%
Kuwait                 80.00    5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Kyrgyzstan             #N/A    14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Laos                   #N/A    19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Latvia                    72.75    6.35%    1.31%   6.35%
Lebanon                   35.00   28.09%   17.50%   28.09%
Liechtenstein             #N/A     4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Lithuania                 69.75    5.84%    0.92%   5.84%
Luxembourg                85.75    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Macao                     #N/A     5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Macedonia                 #N/A     9.86%    3.92%   9.86%
Malaysia                  75.00    6.35%    1.31%   6.35%
Maldives                  #N/A    15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
Mali                      57.75   17.77%    9.81%   17.77%
Malta                     73.75    5.84%    0.92%   5.84%
Mauritius                 #N/A     7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Mexico                    68.50    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Moldova                   61.25   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Mongolia                  66.50   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Montenegro                #N/A    11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Montserrat                #N/A     7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Morocco                   66.25    8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Mozambique                60.00   17.77%    9.81%   17.77%
Namibia                   69.00   11.18%    4.90%   11.18%
Netherlands               80.50    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
New Zealand               77.75    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Nicaragua                 63.75   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Niger                     46.75   17.77%    9.81%   17.77%
Nigeria                   55.50   15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
Norway                    86.75    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Oman                      76.50    8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Pakistan                  49.25   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Panama                    73.75    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Papua New Guinea          69.25   12.64%    5.99%   12.64%
Paraguay                  65.25    8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Peru                      68.50    6.94%    1.74%   6.94%
Philippines               71.75    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Poland                    71.25    5.84%    0.92%   5.84%
Portugal                  77.00    6.35%    1.31%   6.35%
Qatar                     80.75    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate   #N/A     6.35%    1.31%   6.35%
Romania                   67.25    7.81%    2.39%   7.81%
Rwanda                    #N/A    12.64%    5.99%   12.64%
Saudi Arabia              82.50    5.63%    0.77%   5.63%
Senegal                   58.50    9.86%    3.92%   9.86%
Serbia                     #N/A     9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
Sharjah                    #N/A     8.26%    2.73%   8.26%
Singapore                  84.25    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Slovakia                   67.50    5.84%    0.92%   5.84%
Slovenia                   74.00    6.35%    1.31%   6.35%
Solomon Islands            #N/A    15.57%    8.17%   15.57%
South Africa               67.25    9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
Spain                      72.00    6.94%    1.74%   6.94%
Sri Lanka                  54.50   22.15%   13.07%   22.15%
St. Maarten                #N/A     9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
St. Vincent & the Grenad   #N/A    14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Suriname                   58.75   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Swaziland                  #N/A    14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Sweden                     80.00    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Switzerland                86.00    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Taiwan                     84.50    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
Tajikistan                 #N/A    14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Tanzania                   66.00   12.64%    5.99%   12.64%
Thailand                   70.50    6.94%    1.74%   6.94%
Togo                       63.50   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Trinidad and Tobago        #N/A     9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
Tunisia                    59.75   17.77%    9.81%   17.77%
Turkey                     55.25   14.11%    7.08%   14.11%
Turks and Caicos Islands   #N/A     6.94%    1.74%   6.94%
Uganda                     60.00   12.64%    5.99%   12.64%
Ukraine                    61.25   22.15%   13.07%   22.15%
United Arab Emirates       80.50    5.32%    0.54%   5.32%
United Kingdom             74.00    5.48%    0.65%   5.48%
United States              70.25    4.60%    0.00%   4.60%
Uruguay                    73.75    7.38%    2.07%   7.38%
Uzbekistan                 74.75    9.86%    3.92%   9.86%
Venezuela                  55.00   28.09%   17.50%   28.09%
Vietnam                    71.50    9.00%    3.28%   9.00%
Zambia                     62.00   19.23%   10.90%   19.23%
Algeria                    67.75            4.90%    11.18%
Brunei                     81.50            0.65%    5.48%
Gambia                     66.75            4.90%    11.18%
Guinea                     60.00            9.81%    17.77%
Guinea-Bissau     65.25    5.99%   12.64%
Guyana            75.25    1.74%   6.94%
Haiti             56.50   10.90%   19.23%
Iran              63.00    7.08%   14.11%
Korea, D.P.R.     49.25   17.50%   28.09%
Liberia           55.00   13.07%   22.15%
Libya             73.75    2.07%   7.38%
Madagascar        62.75    7.08%   14.11%
Malawi            52.75   13.07%   22.15%
Myanmar           57.00   10.90%   19.23%
Russia            66.75    4.90%   11.18%
Sierra Leone      56.25   10.90%   19.23%
Somalia           51.75   13.07%   22.15%
Sudan             44.75   17.50%   28.09%
Syria             45.00   17.50%   28.09%
Yemen, Republic   55.75   10.90%   19.23%
Zimbabwe          57.50    9.81%   17.77%
Tax Rate    CRP                 PRS Score
 15.00%    0.72%    More than       Less than              ERP            Default Spread
 15.00%    6.58%                0                 50.000         28.09%       17.50%
 18.98%    2.78%         50.001                   55.000         22.15%       13.07%
 25.00%    9.51%         55.001                   57.000         19.23%       10.90%
 35.00%    17.55%        57.001                   60.000         17.77%         9.81%
 18.00%    5.26%         60.001                   62.000         15.57%         8.17%
 25.00%    2.78%         62.001                   64.000         14.11%         7.08%
 30.00%    0.00%         64.001                   66.000         12.64%         5.99%
 24.00%    0.58%         66.001                   68.000         11.18%         4.90%
 20.00%    3.66%         68.001                   69.000         9.86%          3.92%
 0.00%     6.58%         69.001                   72.000         9.00%          3.28%
 0.00%     8.04%         72.001                   74.000         7.38%          2.07%
 30.00%    6.58%         74.001                   76.000         6.94%          1.74%
 5.50%     9.51%         76.001                   80.000         5.84%          0.92%
 18.00%    23.49%        80.001                   82.500         5.48%          0.65%
 25.00%    0.88%         82.501                   85.000         5.18%          0.44%
 28.53%    13.17%        85.001                   90.000         4.60%          0.00%
 30.00%    6.58%
 0.00%     1.24%      Rating        Updated Default Spread (12/31/23)
 25.00%    10.97%      Aaa                        0.00%
 10.00%    9.51%       Aa1                        0.44%
 22.00%    1.75%       Aa2                        0.54%
 34.00%    4.40%       Aa3                        0.65%
 10.00%    2.34%        A1                        0.77%
 28.00%    10.97%       A2                        0.92%
 20.00%    8.04%        A3                        1.31%
 33.00%    10.97%      Baa1                       1.74%
 26.50%    0.00%       Baa2                       2.07%
 0.00%     9.51%       Baa3                       2.39%
 0.00%     0.88%       Ba1                        2.73%
 27.00%    1.24%       Ba2                        3.28%
 25.00%    1.03%       Ba3                        3.92%
 35.00%    2.78%        B1                        4.90%
 30.00%    9.51%        B2                        5.99%
 28.00%    13.17%       B3                        7.08%
 29.74%    6.58%       Caa1                       8.17%
 30.00%    6.58%       Caa2                       9.81%
 25.00%    5.26%       Caa3                      10.90%
 18.00%    2.78%        Ca                       13.07%
 28.53%    17.55%       C                        17.50%
22.00%   3.21%
12.50%   2.78%
19.00%   0.88%
22.00%   0.00%
27.00%   5.26%
25.00%   14.63%
22.50%   10.97%
30.00%   14.63%
20.00%   1.03%
30.00%   13.17%
20.00%   6.58%
20.00%   0.58%
25.00%   0.72%
30.00%   10.97%
15.00%   4.40%
30.00%   0.00%
25.00%   14.63%
22.00%   3.66%
25.00%   3.66%
0.00%    1.03%
25.00%   6.58%
16.50%   0.88%
9.00%    2.78%
20.00%   1.24%
30.00%   3.21%
22.00%   2.78%
15.00%   10.97%
12.50%   0.88%
0.00%    0.88%
23.00%   1.03%
24.00%   3.21%
25.00%   6.58%
30.62%   1.03%
0.00%    0.88%
20.00%   6.58%
20.00%   2.78%
30.00%   9.51%
25.00%   0.72%
15.00%   1.03%
10.00%   9.51%
26.86%   14.63%
20.00%   1.75%
17.00%   23.49%
12.50%   0.00%
15.00%   1.24%
24.94%   0.00%
26.86%   0.88%
10.00%   5.26%
24.00%   1.75%
26.86%   10.97%
26.86%   13.17%
35.00%   1.24%
15.00%   3.21%
30.00%   2.78%
12.00%   9.51%
25.00%   9.51%
15.00%   6.58%
28.53%   3.21%
32.00%   3.66%
32.00%   13.17%
32.00%   6.58%
25.80%   0.00%
28.00%   0.00%
30.00%   9.51%
26.86%   13.17%
30.00%   10.97%
22.00%   0.00%
15.00%   3.66%
29.00%   14.63%
25.00%   2.78%
30.00%   8.04%
10.00%   3.66%
29.50%   2.34%
25.00%   2.78%
19.00%   1.24%
21.00%   1.75%
10.00%   0.88%
0.00%    1.75%
16.00%   3.21%
30.00%   8.04%
20.00%   1.03%
30.00%   5.26%
15.00%   4.40%
0.00%    3.66%
17.00%   0.00%
21.00%   1.24%
19.00%   1.75%
30.00%   10.97%
27.00%   4.40%
25.00%   2.34%
24.00%   17.55%
28.53%   4.40%
28.53%   9.51%
36.00%   14.63%
27.50%   9.51%
20.60%   0.00%
14.60%   0.00%
20.00%   0.88%
18.00%   9.51%
30.00%   8.04%
20.00%   2.34%
26.86%   9.51%
30.00%   4.40%
15.00%   13.17%
25.00%   9.51%
0.00%    2.34%
30.00%   8.04%
18.00%   17.55%
25.00%   0.72%
25.00%   0.88%
25.00%   0.00%
25.00%   2.78%
15.00%   5.26%
34.00%   23.49%
20.00%   4.40%
35.00%   14.63%
                  Row Labels          Average of Corporate Tax Rate
                  Africa                  26.86%
26.00%   6.58%    Asia                    24.56%
18.50%   0.88%    Australia & New Zeala   29.25%
31.00%   6.58%    Caribbean               18.64%
29.15%   13.17%   Central and South Ame   28.53%
29.15%   8.04%    Eastern Europe & Russ   16.11%
18.64%   2.34%    Middle East             13.46%
18.64%   14.63%   North America           25.75%
20.23%   9.51%    Western Europe          19.52%
23.10%   23.49%
29.15%   17.55%
20.00%   2.78%
20.00%   9.51%
30.00%   17.55%
25.00%   14.63%
25.00%   6.58%
30.00%   14.63%
29.15%   17.55%
35.00%   23.49%
28.00%   23.49%
20.00%   14.63%
25.00%   13.17%
                       Albania        64.8
Default Spread         Algeria        67.8
            Below Ca   Angola         62.3
            Ca         Argentina      56.3
            Caa3       Armenia        61.0
            Caa2       Australia      79.5
            Caa1       Austria        76.5
            B3         Azerbaijan     73.8
            B2         Bahamas        74.5
            B1         Bahrain        69.3
            Ba3        Bangladesh     63.5
            Ba2        Belarus        61.8
            Baa2       Belgium        74.5
            Baa1       Bolivia        64.5
            A2         Botswana       79.5
            Aa3        Brazil         71.0
            Aa1        Brunei         81.5
            Aaa        Bulgaria       71.5
                       Burkina Fas    59.0
                       Cameroon       61.5
                       Canada         80.8
                       Chile          72.0
                       China, Peopl   69.8
                       Colombia       63.3
                       Congo (Dem 57.0
                       Congo (Rep 68.5
                       Costa Rica     73.0
                       Cote d'Ivoir   63.5
                       Croatia        73.8
                       Cuba           61.8
                       Cyprus         70.0
                       Czech Repub 76.0
                       Denmark        84.8
                       Dominican R 72.0
                       Ecuador        66.0
                       Egypt          56.0
                       El Salvador    66.5
                       Estonia        69.3
                       Ethiopia       58.0
                       Finland        78.8
                       France         72.5
Gabon         70.0
Gambia        66.8
Germany       79.3
Ghana         61.8
Greece        69.5
Guatemala     70.3
Guinea        60.0
Guinea-Biss   65.3
Guyana        75.3
Haiti         56.5
Honduras      67.0
Hong Kong     78.0
Hungary       70.8
Iceland       80.8
India         70.3
Indonesia     69.3
Iran          63.0
Iraq          68.8
Ireland       83.8
Israel        74.3
Italy         74.5
Jamaica       72.5
Japan         80.5
Jordan        65.3
Kazakhstan    75.5
Kenya         57.0
Korea, D.P.   49.3
Korea, Repu   80.3
Kuwait        80.0
Latvia        72.8
Lebanon       35.0
Liberia       55.0
Libya         73.8
Lithuania     69.8
Luxembourg    85.8
Madagascar    62.8
Malawi        52.8
Malaysia      75.0
Mali          57.8
Malta         73.8
Mexico        68.5
Moldova       61.3
Mongolia      66.5
Morocco       66.3
Mozambiqu     60.0
Myanmar       57.0
Namibia       69.0
Netherlands   80.5
New Zealan    77.8
Nicaragua     63.8
Niger         46.8
Nigeria       55.5
Norway        86.8
Oman          76.5
Pakistan      49.3
Panama        73.8
Papua New     69.3
Paraguay      65.3
Peru          68.5
Philippines   71.8
Poland        71.3
Portugal      77.0
Qatar         80.8
Romania       67.3
Russia        66.8
Saudi Arabi   82.5
Senegal       58.5
Serbia        66.5
Sierra Leon   56.3
Singapore     84.3
Slovakia      67.5
Slovenia      74.0
Somalia       51.8
South Afric   67.3
Spain         72.0
Sri Lanka     54.5
Sudan         44.8
Suriname      58.8
Sweden        80.0
Switzerland   86.0
Syria         45.0
Taiwan        84.5
                     Tanzania       66.0
                     Thailand       70.5
                     Togo           63.5
                     Trinidad &     77.0
                     Tunisia        59.8
                     Turkey         55.3
                     Uganda         60.0
                     Ukraine        61.3
                     United Arab    80.5
                     United Kin     74.0
                     United State   70.3
                     Uruguay        73.8
                     Uzbekistan     74.8
                     Venezuela      55.0
                     Vietnam        71.5
                     Yemen, Repu 55.8
                     Zambia         62.0
                     Zimbabwe       57.5
Corporate Tax Rate
Updating Sequence
1. Relative Risk Worksheet
2. Sovereign Ratings
3. CDS Worksheet
4. Default Spreads
5. PRS Worksheet
6. Country GDP
7. Country tax rates
8. Regional Weighted averages