Country Risk Premiums
To estimate the equity risk premium for a country, I start with a mature market premium and add an additional cou
Use the look up table in the next worksheet, to look up the statistics for an individual country or region.
Step 1: Estimating mature market risk premium
To estimate the mature market risk premium, I compute the implied equity risk premium for the S&P 500. To see th
Link to site:              http://www.damodaran.com
Historical monthly ERP:    https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pc/implprem/ERPbymonth.xls
Step 2: Estimate the default spread for the country in question. I offer two choices, one based upon the local curre
Moody's ratings:             http://www.moodys.com (You will have to register, but it is free. Look under sovereig
Ratings to spreads:          Based upon my estimates of typical spreads for each ratings class. I compute these by
CDS spreads:                 Bloomberg
If you cannot find a country on this list, it is because that country does not have a sovereign
Step 3: Convert the default spread into a country risk premium
With sovereign ratings default spreads, you have two choices:
Choice 1: Use the default spread as the measure of the additional country risk premium. To make this choice, go int
Choice 2: Scale the default spread up to reflect the higher risk of equity in the market, relative to the default spread
With CDS spreads, I compute the base number in two steps
Substep 1: Since the base equity premium is computed for the US, and the US has a CDS spread, I subtracted out th
For simplicity (and since it does not make a big difference), I assume that any country that has a CDS spread lower t
Substep 2: I apply the scaling factor that you chose for the default spreads to this number to get a country risk prem
prefer not to scale the default spread.
Step 4: Compute a total equity risk premium
Add the mature market premium from step 1 to the country risk premium from step 3 to get a total equity risk prem
Step 5: Compute regional averages and regional weighted averages
For the regional averages, I use a simple average of the total and country risk premiums by region
For the weighted averages, I use the World Bank GDP estimates from the most recent year.
If you are interested in a fuller explanation of these concepts, try these references:
My paper on equity risk premiums:                                     https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_
My paper on country risk premiums:                                    https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_
Watch my lectures on country risk premiums:                           https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIRPvY2S
                                                                      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3IGn6tH
 mium and add an additional country risk premium, based upon the risk of the country in question.
 al country or region.
emium for the S&P 500. To see the latest estimate for this number, go to my website and you can download the excel spreadsh
m/ERPbymonth.xls
, one based upon the local currency sovereign rating for the country from Moody's and the other is the CDS spread for the co
ut it is free. Look under sovereign ratings)
atings class. I compute these by averaging CDS spreads and sovereign US$ bond spreads by ratings class, at the start of every ye
 oes not have a sovereign rating or a sovereign CDS spread. Try the PRS worksheet in this spreadsheet
mium. To make this choice, go into the ERP worksheet and set cell E5 to 1.00.
 et, relative to the default spread. I used the ratio of the S&P Emerging Market Equity Index std deviation to the iShares Emergin
a CDS spread, I subtracted out the US CDS spread from the CDS for other markets.
 ry that has a CDS spread lower than the US will have a zero country risk premium and end up with a total equity risk premium
 umber to get a country risk premium. The default scaling is set at the my most recent year's estimate, but you can change it to
 p 3 to get a total equity risk premium.
 iums by region
                                       https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD
 srn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4398884
 srn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4161010
 outube.com/watch?v=aIRPvY2SQ94
 outube.com/watch?v=D3IGn6tH03c
u can download the excel spreadsheet containing the implied premium
 other is the CDS spread for the country (if one exists)
atings class, at the start of every year.
orksheet in this spreadsheet for an alternate estimate.
td deviation to the iShares Emerging Market Bond Index standard deviation
p with a total equity risk premium equal to the US.
estimate, but you can change it to 1, if you would
Mature Marlet Premium
Sovereign Ratings
Default Spreads
Relative Equity Market Volatility
Bottom Line
                                        Update Notes
The implied equity risk premium for the S&P 500, which is my base premium dropped to 5% in this
update. You can review the calcualtion in this spreadsheet.
(https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pc/implprem/ERPJuly23.xlsx)
The ratings (Moody's and S&P) have been updated to reflect the most recent ratings.
(See Ratings Worksheet)
The default spreads have dropped as some of the market fears from the start of 2023
have subsdied. The change in default spredas is computed by looking at percentage
changes in sovereign CDS spreads over the period>. (See Default Spreads for
Ratings worksheet)
The biggest change in this update is in this measure. For the last few years, I have
used the coefficient of variation in emerging market bond yields and the standard
deviation of returns in emerging market equities. In this iteration, I have replaced the
former with an emerging market sovereign bond ETF returns, thus creating more
consistency in the calcuatlions. Whiel this change does not create a substantive shift
in the numbers in this iteration, I think it is a more solid basis for computing this value
in future ones.
The combination of a lower base mature market premium and lower sovereign default
spreads has led to lower equity risk premiums across the board, a climb down from
historically high numbers at the start of the year.
To look up the equity risk premium for a country, use this worksheet
Country                                    Angola                                 If you cannot find a country on this li
                                                                                  or a sovereign CDS spread. Try the P
Moody's sovereign rating                              B3             Local currency
S&P sovereign rating                                  B-             Local currency
CDS spread                                          10.47%
Excess CDS spread (over US CDS)                     10.04%
Country Default Spread (based on rating)            6.95%
Country Risk Premium (Rating)                       9.86%
Equity Risk Premium (Rating)                        14.86%
Country Risk Premium (CDS)                          14.24%
Equity Risk Premium (CDS)                           19.24%
To look up the equity risk premium for a region, use this worksheet
Region                                     Western Europe
Country Risk Premium (simple average))                       1.56%
Total Equity Risk Premium (simple average                    6.56%
Country Risk Premium (GDP weighted)                          1.37%
Total Equity Risk Premium (GDP weighted                      6.37%
To construct your own regional ERP, use the data on GDP and ERP for countries in the Regional Weighted Averages
For countries not on the list above, try this frontier market list
Country                                    Zimbabwe
PRS Score                                           61.25
ERP based on PRS Score                              16.38%
you cannot find a country on this list, it is because that country does not have a sovereign rating
r a sovereign CDS spread. Try the PRS worksheet in this spreadsheet for an alternate estimate.
the Regional Weighted Averages Worksheet
Country and Equity Risk Premiums
Date of update:                                            1-Jul-23
Enter the current risk premium for a mature equity market
Do you want to adjust the country default spread for the additional volatility of the equity market to get to a country premium?
If yes, enter the multiplier to use on the default spread (See worksheet for volatility numbers for selected emerging markets)
Country                                      Africa                                   Moody's rating           Rating-based Default Spread
Abu Dhabi                                    Middle East                                  Aa2                             0.53%
Albania                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                      B1                              4.82%
Andorra (Principality of)                    Western Europe                              Baa2                             2.04%
Angola                                       Africa                                       B3                              6.95%
Argentina                                    Central and South America                    Ca                             12.84%
Armenia                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                      Ba3                             3.85%
Aruba                                        Caribbean                                   Baa2                             2.04%
Australia                                    Australia & New Zealand                      Aaa                             0.00%
Austria                                      Western Europe                               Aa1                             0.43%
Azerbaijan                                   Eastern Europe & Russia                      Ba1                             2.68%
Bahamas                                      Caribbean                                    B1                              4.82%
Bahrain                                      Middle East                                  B2                              5.88%
Bangladesh                                   Asia                                         B1                              4.82%
Barbados                                     Caribbean                                   Caa1                             8.02%
Belarus                                      Eastern Europe & Russia                       C                             17.50%
Belgium                                      Western Europe                               Aa3                             0.64%
Belize                                       Central and South America                   Caa2                             9.63%
Benin                                        Africa                                       B1                              4.82%
Bermuda                                      Caribbean                                    A2                              0.91%
Bolivia                                      Central and South America                   Caa1                             8.02%
Bosnia and Herzegovina                       Eastern Europe & Russia                      B3                              6.95%
Botswana                                     Africa                                       A3                              1.28%
Brazil                                       Central and South America                    Ba2                             3.22%
Bulgaria                                     Eastern Europe & Russia                     Baa1                             1.71%
Burkina Faso                     Africa                      Caa1    8.02%
Cambodia                         Asia                         B2     5.88%
Cameroon                         Africa                       B2     5.88%
Canada                           North America               Aaa     0.00%
Cape Verde                       Africa                       B3     6.95%
Cayman Islands                   Caribbean                   Aa3     0.64%
Chile                            Central and South America    A2     0.91%
China                            Asia                         A1     0.75%
Colombia                         Central and South America   Baa2    2.04%
Congo (Democratic Republic of)   Africa                       B3     6.95%
Congo (Republic of)              Africa                      Caa2    9.63%
Cook Islands                     Australia & New Zealand      B2     5.88%
Costa Rica                       Central and South America    B2     5.88%
Côte d'Ivoire                    Africa                      Ba3     3.85%
Croatia                          Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.04%
Cuba                             Caribbean                    Ca    12.84%
Curacao                          Caribbean                   Baa2    2.04%
Cyprus                           Western Europe              Ba1     2.68%
Czech Republic                   Eastern Europe & Russia     Aa3     0.64%
Denmark                          Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Dominican Republic               Caribbean                   Ba3     3.85%
Ecuador                          Central and South America   Caa3   10.70%
Egypt                            Africa                       B3     6.95%
El Salvador                      Central and South America   Caa3   10.70%
Estonia                          Eastern Europe & Russia      A1     0.75%
Ethiopia                         Africa                      Caa2    9.63%
Fiji                             Asia                         B1     4.82%
Finland                          Western Europe              Aa1     0.43%
France                           Western Europe              Aa2     0.53%
Gabon                            Africa                      Caa1    8.02%
Georgia                          Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba2     3.22%
Germany                Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Ghana                  Africa                       Ca    12.84%
Greece                 Western Europe              Ba3     3.85%
Guatemala              Central and South America   Ba1     2.68%
Guernsey (States of)   Western Europe              Aa2     0.53%
Honduras               Central and South America    B1     4.82%
Hong Kong              Asia                        Aa3     0.64%
Hungary                Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.04%
Iceland                Western Europe               A2     0.91%
India                  Asia                        Baa3    2.35%
Indonesia              Asia                        Baa2    2.04%
Iraq                   Middle East                 Caa1    8.02%
Ireland                Western Europe              Aa3     0.64%
Isle of Man            Western Europe              Aa3     0.64%
Israel                 Middle East                  A1     0.75%
Italy                  Western Europe              Baa3    2.35%
Jamaica                Caribbean                    B2     5.88%
Japan                  Asia                         A1     0.75%
Jersey (States of)     Western Europe              Aa3     0.64%
Jordan                 Middle East                  B1     4.82%
Kazakhstan             Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa2    2.04%
Kenya                  Africa                       B3     6.95%
Korea                  Asia                        Aa2     0.53%
Kuwait                 Middle East                  A1     0.75%
Kyrgyzstan             Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     6.95%
Laos                   Asia                        Caa3   10.70%
Latvia                 Eastern Europe & Russia      A3     1.28%
Lebanon                Middle East                  C     17.50%
Liechtenstein          Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Lithuania              Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.91%
Luxembourg             Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Macao              Asia                        Aa3     0.64%
Macedonia          Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba3     3.85%
Malaysia           Asia                         A3     1.28%
Maldives           Asia                        Caa1    8.02%
Mali               Africa                      Caa2    9.63%
Malta              Western Europe               A2     0.91%
Mauritius          Africa                      Baa3    2.35%
Mexico             Central and South America   Baa2    2.04%
Moldova            Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     6.95%
Mongolia           Asia                         B3     6.95%
Montenegro         Eastern Europe & Russia      B1     4.82%
Montserrat         Caribbean                   Baa3    2.35%
Morocco            Africa                      Ba1     2.68%
Mozambique         Africa                      Caa2    9.63%
Namibia            Africa                       B1     4.82%
Netherlands        Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
New Zealand        Australia & New Zealand     Aaa     0.00%
Nicaragua          Central and South America    B3     6.95%
Niger              Africa                       B3     6.95%
Nigeria            Africa                      Caa1    8.02%
Norway             Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Oman               Middle East                 Ba2     3.22%
Pakistan           Asia                        Caa3   10.70%
Panama             Central and South America   Baa2    2.04%
Papua New Guinea   Asia                         B2     5.88%
Paraguay           Central and South America   Ba1     2.68%
Peru               Central and South America   Baa1    1.71%
Philippines        Asia                        Baa2    2.04%
Poland             Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.91%
Portugal           Western Europe              Baa2    2.04%
Qatar              Middle East                 Aa3     0.64%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)    Middle East                  A3     1.28%
Romania                        Eastern Europe & Russia     Baa3    2.35%
Russia                         Eastern Europe & Russia      Ca    12.84%
Rwanda                         Africa                       B2     5.88%
Saudi Arabia                   Middle East                  A1     0.75%
Senegal                        Africa                      Ba3     3.85%
Serbia                         Eastern Europe & Russia     Ba2     3.22%
Sharjah                        Middle East                 Ba1     2.68%
Singapore                      Asia                        Aaa     0.00%
Slovakia                       Eastern Europe & Russia      A2     0.91%
Slovenia                       Eastern Europe & Russia      A3     1.28%
Solomon Islands                Asia                        Caa1    8.02%
South Africa                   Africa                      Ba2     3.22%
Spain                          Western Europe              Baa1    1.71%
Sri Lanka                      Asia                         Ca    12.84%
St. Maarten                    Caribbean                   Ba2     3.22%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   Caribbean                    B3     6.95%
Suriname                       Central and South America   Caa3   10.70%
Swaziland                      Africa                       B3     6.95%
Sweden                         Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Switzerland                    Western Europe              Aaa     0.00%
Taiwan                         Asia                        Aa3     0.64%
Tajikistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia      B3     6.95%
Tanzania                       Africa                       B2     5.88%
Thailand                       Asia                        Baa1    1.71%
Togo                           Africa                       B3     6.95%
Trinidad and Tobago            Caribbean                   Ba2     3.22%
Tunisia                        Africa                      Caa2    9.63%
Turkey                         Western Europe               B3     6.95%
Turks and Caicos Islands       Caribbean                   Baa1    1.71%
Uganda                         Africa                       B2     5.88%
Ukraine                Eastern Europe & Russia                   Ca                 12.84%
United Arab Emirates   Middle East                              Aa2                  0.53%
United Kingdom         Western Europe                           Aa3                  0.64%
United States          North America                            Aaa                  0.00%
Uruguay                Central and South America                Baa2                 2.04%
Uzbekistan             Eastern Europe & Russia                  Ba3                  3.85%
Venezuela              Central and South America                 C                  17.50%
Vietnam                Asia                                     Ba2                  3.22%
Zambia                 Africa                                    Ca                 12.84%
                                          Frontier Markets (no sovereign ratings)
Country                PRS Composite Risk Score                 ERP                  CRP
Algeria                            68.75                      10.46%                5.46%
Brunei                             81.75                      5.91%                 0.91%
Gambia                               66                       13.35%                8.35%
Guinea                              57.5                      18.66%                13.66%
Guinea-Bissau                       64.5                      13.35%                8.35%
Guyana                               75                       7.43%                 2.43%
Haiti                               54.5                      23.21%                18.21%
Iran                               62.75                      14.86%                9.86%
Korea, D.P.R.                        51                       23.21%                18.21%
Liberia                            56.25                      20.18%                15.18%
Libya                              73.75                      7.89%                 2.89%
Madagascar                         62.75                      14.86%                9.86%
Malawi                             52.75                      23.21%                18.21%
Myanmar                              56                       20.18%                15.18%
Sierra Leone                         53                       23.21%                18.21%
Somalia                             51.5                      23.21%                18.21%
Sudan                                43                       29.82%                24.82%
Syria                              48.75                      29.82%                24.82%
Yemen, Republic                    55.75                      20.18%                15.18%
Zimbabwe                           61.25                      16.38%                11.38%
Rating   Default spread in basis points
 A1                    75
 A2                    91
 A3                   128
 Aa1                   43
 Aa2                   53
 Aa3                   64
 Aaa                   0
 B1                   482
 B2                   588
 B3                   695
 Ba1                  268
 Ba2                  322
 Ba3                  385
Baa1                  171
Baa2                  204
Baa3                  235
  C                  1750
 Ca                  1284
Caa1                  802
Caa2                  963
Caa3                 1070
 NR                   NA
         5.00%
          Yes
          1.42
Total Equity Risk Premium Country Risk Premium Sovereign CDS, net of US Total Equity Risk Premium2
          5.75%                   0.75%                 0.27%                      5.38%
         11.83%                   6.83%                  NA                         NA
          7.89%                   2.89%                  NA                         NA
         14.86%                   9.86%                10.04%                     19.24%
         23.21%                  18.21%                  NA                         NA
         10.46%                   5.46%                  NA                         NA
          7.89%                   2.89%                  NA                         NA
          5.00%                   0.00%                 0.00%                      5.00%
          5.61%                   0.61%                 0.00%                      5.00%
          8.80%                   3.80%                  NA                         NA
         11.83%                   6.83%                  NA                         NA
         13.35%                   8.35%                 2.73%                      8.87%
         11.83%                   6.83%                  NA                         NA
         16.38%                  11.38%                  NA                         NA
         29.82%                  24.82%                  NA                         NA
          5.91%                   0.91%                 0.00%                      5.00%
         18.66%                  13.66%                  NA                         NA
         11.83%                   6.83%                  NA                         NA
          6.28%                   1.28%                  NA                         NA
         16.38%                  11.38%                  NA                         NA
         14.86%                   9.86%                  NA                         NA
          6.82%                   1.82%                  NA                         NA
          9.57%                   4.57%                 2.45%                      8.47%
          7.43%                   2.43%                 0.97%                      6.38%
16.38%   11.38%     NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%     NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%   6.02%    13.54%
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%    5.00%
14.86%    9.86%     NA       NA
 5.91%    0.91%     NA       NA
 6.28%    1.28%   1.04%    6.48%
 6.07%    1.07%   0.57%    5.81%
 7.89%    2.89%   3.11%    9.41%
14.86%    9.86%     NA       NA
18.66%   13.66%     NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%     NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%   2.90%    9.11%
10.46%    5.46%     NA       NA
 7.89%    2.89%   0.69%    5.98%
23.21%   18.21%     NA       NA
 7.89%    2.89%     NA       NA
 8.80%    3.80%   0.71%    6.01%
 5.91%    0.91%   0.02%    5.03%
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%    5.00%
10.46%    5.46%     NA       NA
20.18%   15.18%     NA       NA
14.86%    9.86%   12.76%   23.10%
20.18%   15.18%   14.45%   25.49%
 6.07%    1.07%   0.48%    5.68%
18.66%   13.66%   27.93%   44.61%
11.83%    6.83%     NA       NA
 5.61%    0.61%   0.00%    5.00%
 5.75%    0.75%   0.00%    5.00%
16.38%   11.38%     NA       NA
 9.57%    4.57%     NA       NA
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
23.21%   18.21%    NA       NA
10.46%    5.46%   0.88%   6.25%
 8.80%    3.80%    NA       NA
 5.75%    0.75%    NA       NA
11.83%    6.83%    NA       NA
 5.91%    0.91%   0.11%   5.16%
 7.89%    2.89%   1.59%   7.26%
 6.28%    1.28%   0.38%   5.54%
 8.33%    3.33%   0.99%   6.40%
 7.89%    2.89%   1.10%   6.56%
16.38%   11.38%   4.37%   11.20%
 5.91%    0.91%   0.00%   5.00%
 5.91%    0.91%    NA       NA
 6.07%    1.07%   0.37%   5.52%
 8.33%    3.33%   1.02%   6.45%
13.35%    8.35%    NA       NA
 6.07%    1.07%   0.00%   5.00%
 5.91%    0.91%    NA       NA
11.83%    6.83%    NA       NA
 7.89%    2.89%   1.25%   6.77%
14.86%    9.86%   7.42%   15.52%
 5.75%    0.75%   0.00%   5.00%
 6.07%    1.07%   0.27%   5.38%
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
20.18%   15.18%    NA       NA
 6.82%    1.82%   0.52%   5.74%
29.82%   24.82%    NA       NA
 5.00%    0.00%    NA       NA
 6.28%    1.28%   0.52%   5.74%
 5.00%    0.00%    NA       NA
 5.91%    0.91%    NA       NA
10.46%    5.46%    NA       NA
 6.82%    1.82%   0.57%   5.81%
16.38%   11.38%    NA       NA
18.66%   13.66%    NA       NA
 6.28%    1.28%    NA       NA
 8.33%    3.33%    NA       NA
 7.89%    2.89%   1.45%   7.06%
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
11.83%    6.83%    NA       NA
 8.33%    3.33%    NA       NA
 8.80%    3.80%   1.52%   7.16%
18.66%   13.66%    NA       NA
11.83%    6.83%    NA       NA
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
14.86%    9.86%   4.77%   11.77%
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
16.38%   11.38%   7.07%   15.03%
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
 9.57%    4.57%   1.57%   7.23%
20.18%   15.18%    NA       NA
 7.89%    2.89%   1.29%   6.83%
13.35%    8.35%    NA       NA
 8.80%    3.80%    NA       NA
 7.43%    2.43%   1.03%   6.46%
 7.89%    2.89%   1.01%   6.43%
 6.28%    1.28%   0.59%   5.84%
 7.89%    2.89%   0.28%   5.40%
 5.91%    0.91%   0.28%   5.40%
 6.82%    1.82%    NA       NA
 8.33%    3.33%   1.90%   7.69%
23.21%   18.21%    NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%   4.76%   11.75%
 6.07%    1.07%   0.46%   5.65%
10.46%    5.46%   4.96%   12.03%
 9.57%    4.57%   2.34%   8.32%
 8.80%    3.80%    NA       NA
 5.00%    0.00%    NA       NA
 6.28%    1.28%   0.11%   5.16%
 6.82%    1.82%   0.28%   5.40%
16.38%   11.38%    NA       NA
 9.57%    4.57%   3.28%   9.65%
 7.43%    2.43%   0.36%   5.51%
23.21%   18.21%    NA       NA
 9.57%    4.57%    NA       NA
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
20.18%   15.18%    NA       NA
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
 5.00%    0.00%   0.00%   5.00%
 5.91%    0.91%    NA       NA
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%    NA       NA
 7.43%    2.43%   0.36%   5.51%
14.86%    9.86%    NA       NA
 9.57%    4.57%    NA       NA
18.66%   13.66%   7.43%   15.54%
14.86%    9.86%   4.62%   11.55%
 7.43%    2.43%    NA       NA
13.35%    8.35%    NA       NA
   23.21%        18.21%     NA       NA
    5.75%         0.75%     NA       NA
    5.91%         0.91%   0.00%    5.00%
    5.00%         0.00%   0.00%    5.00%
    7.89%         2.89%   0.52%    5.74%
   10.46%         5.46%     NA       NA
   29.82%        24.82%   11.14%   20.80%
    9.57%         4.57%   1.30%    6.84%
   23.21%        18.21%     NA       NA
Default Spread
   3.85%
   0.64%
   5.88%
   9.63%
   5.88%
   1.71%
   12.84%
   6.95%
   12.84%
   10.70%
   2.04%
   6.95%
   12.84%
   10.70%
   12.84%
   12.84%
   17.50%
   17.50%
   10.70%
   8.02%
Country Risk Premium3   Has to be sorted in ascending order
        0.38%              Rating
                             Default spread in basis points
         NA                  A1            75
         NA                  A2            91
       14.24%                A3           128
         NA                 Aa1            43
         NA                 Aa2            53
         NA                 Aa3            64
        0.00%               Aaa            0
        0.00%                B1           482
         NA                  B2           588
         NA                  B3           695
        3.87%               Ba1           268
         NA                 Ba2           322
         NA                 Ba3           385
         NA                 Baa1          171
        0.00%               Baa2          204
         NA                 Baa3          235
         NA                   C           1750
         NA                  Ca           1284
         NA                 Caa1          802
         NA                 Caa2          963
         NA                 Caa3          1070
        3.47%                NR            NA
        1.38%
  NA
  NA
8.54%
0.00%
  NA
  NA
1.48%
0.81%
4.41%
  NA
  NA
  NA
4.11%
  NA
0.98%
  NA
  NA
1.01%
0.03%
0.00%
  NA
  NA
18.10%
20.49%
0.68%
39.61%
  NA
0.00%
0.00%
  NA
  NA
0.00%
  NA
1.25%
  NA
  NA
  NA
0.16%
2.26%
0.54%
1.40%
1.56%
6.20%
0.00%
  NA
0.52%
1.45%
  NA
0.00%
  NA
  NA
1.77%
10.52%
0.00%
0.38%
  NA
  NA
0.74%
  NA
  NA
0.74%
  NA
  NA
  NA
0.81%
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
2.06%
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
2.16%
  NA
  NA
0.00%
0.00%
6.77%
  NA
10.03%
0.00%
2.23%
  NA
1.83%
  NA
  NA
1.46%
1.43%
0.84%
0.40%
0.40%
  NA
2.69%
  NA
6.75%
0.65%
7.03%
3.32%
  NA
  NA
0.16%
0.40%
  NA
4.65%
0.51%
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
0.00%
0.00%
  NA
  NA
  NA
0.51%
  NA
  NA
10.54%
6.55%
  NA
  NA
  NA
  NA
0.00%
0.00%
0.74%
  NA
15.80%
1.84%
  NA
                Year                 Std Dev (BMI)
                                                 Std Dev (JPM Sov Bond)
                                                                      REL VOL
           7/1/18- 6/30/19              13.49%           5.72%          2.36
           7/1/19-6/30/20               21.76%          19.25%          1.13
           7/1/20-6/30/21               14.38%           7.41%          1.94
           7/1/21-6/30/22               17.88%          10.72%          1.67
           7/1/22-6/30/23               13.57%          14.07%          0.96
Average Relative Volatility             16.22%          11.43%          1.42
Index:                               iShares JP Morgan USD Emerging Markets Bond ETF
Source:                              Yahoo!
                                     https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EMB/
Period                               Five years      (June 30, 2018 - June 30, 2023)
Interval                             Daily
Date                                 Closing Price        Return
                        29-Jun-18          84.33
                          2-Jul-18         84.32                -0.01%
                          3-Jul-18         84.59                 0.32%
                          5-Jul-18         85.13                 0.64%
                          6-Jul-18         85.86                 0.86%
                          9-Jul-18          86.1                 0.28%
                         10-Jul-18         86.25                 0.17%
                         11-Jul-18          85.9                -0.41%
                         12-Jul-18         86.06                 0.19%
                         13-Jul-18         86.51                 0.52%
                         16-Jul-18         86.28                -0.27%
                         17-Jul-18         86.28                 0.00%
                         18-Jul-18          86.2                -0.09%
                         19-Jul-18         86.18                -0.02%
                         20-Jul-18          86.1                -0.09%
                         23-Jul-18         85.99                -0.13%
                         24-Jul-18         85.91                -0.09%
                         25-Jul-18         86.68                 0.90%
                         26-Jul-18         86.75                 0.08%
                         27-Jul-18          86.9                 0.17%
                         30-Jul-18         86.66                -0.28%
                         31-Jul-18          86.5                -0.18%
                        1-Aug-18           86.13                -0.43%
                        2-Aug-18           86.06                -0.08%
                        3-Aug-18           86.25                 0.22%
                        6-Aug-18           86.11                -0.16%
                        7-Aug-18           85.98                -0.15%
 8-Aug-18   85.98   0.00%
 9-Aug-18   85.68   -0.35%
10-Aug-18   84.71   -1.13%
13-Aug-18   84.33   -0.45%
14-Aug-18   84.88   0.65%
15-Aug-18   84.71   -0.20%
16-Aug-18   84.88   0.20%
17-Aug-18   85.22   0.40%
20-Aug-18   85.11   -0.13%
21-Aug-18   85.35   0.28%
22-Aug-18   85.73   0.45%
23-Aug-18    85.3   -0.50%
24-Aug-18   85.53   0.27%
27-Aug-18   85.64   0.13%
28-Aug-18   85.48   -0.19%
29-Aug-18   85.22   -0.30%
30-Aug-18   84.75   -0.55%
31-Aug-18   84.49   -0.31%
 4-Sep-18   84.23   -0.31%
 5-Sep-18   84.29   0.07%
 6-Sep-18   84.66   0.44%
 7-Sep-18   84.44   -0.26%
10-Sep-18   84.28   -0.19%
11-Sep-18   84.12   -0.19%
12-Sep-18   84.39   0.32%
13-Sep-18   85.22   0.98%
14-Sep-18   85.31   0.11%
17-Sep-18   85.05   -0.30%
18-Sep-18   84.78   -0.32%
19-Sep-18   85.09   0.37%
20-Sep-18   85.57   0.56%
21-Sep-18   85.75   0.21%
24-Sep-18   85.66   -0.10%
25-Sep-18   85.73   0.08%
26-Sep-18   86.12   0.45%
27-Sep-18   86.42   0.35%
28-Sep-18   86.21   -0.24%
 1-Oct-18   86.21   0.00%
 2-Oct-18    86.3   0.10%
 3-Oct-18   85.85   -0.52%
 4-Oct-18   85.24   -0.71%
 5-Oct-18   84.99   -0.29%
 8-Oct-18   84.96   -0.04%
 9-Oct-18      85   0.05%
10-Oct-18   84.64   -0.42%
11-Oct-18   84.77   0.15%
12-Oct-18   84.96   0.22%
15-Oct-18   84.98   0.02%
16-Oct-18    85.3   0.38%
17-Oct-18    85.1   -0.23%
18-Oct-18   84.78   -0.38%
19-Oct-18   84.68   -0.12%
22-Oct-18   84.59   -0.11%
23-Oct-18   84.62   0.04%
24-Oct-18   84.29   -0.39%
25-Oct-18   84.55   0.31%
26-Oct-18   84.67   0.14%
29-Oct-18   84.31   -0.43%
30-Oct-18   84.39   0.09%
31-Oct-18   84.04   -0.41%
 1-Nov-18   84.44   0.48%
 2-Nov-18   84.35   -0.11%
 5-Nov-18   84.55   0.24%
 6-Nov-18   84.44   -0.13%
 7-Nov-18   84.65   0.25%
 8-Nov-18   84.33   -0.38%
 9-Nov-18   84.37   0.05%
12-Nov-18   84.07   -0.36%
13-Nov-18   83.96   -0.13%
14-Nov-18   84.12   0.19%
15-Nov-18   83.77   -0.42%
16-Nov-18    83.9   0.16%
19-Nov-18   83.61   -0.35%
20-Nov-18   82.93   -0.81%
21-Nov-18   83.31   0.46%
23-Nov-18   83.02   -0.35%
26-Nov-18   83.14   0.14%
27-Nov-18   82.56   -0.70%
28-Nov-18    83.59   1.25%
29-Nov-18    83.44   -0.18%
30-Nov-18    83.63   0.23%
 3-Dec-18    84.22   0.71%
 4-Dec-18    83.97   -0.30%
 6-Dec-18    84.22   0.30%
 7-Dec-18    84.31   0.11%
10-Dec-18    84.31   0.00%
11-Dec-18    84.36   0.06%
12-Dec-18    84.52   0.19%
13-Dec-18    84.76   0.28%
14-Dec-18    84.77   0.01%
17-Dec-18    84.89   0.14%
18-Dec-18    84.98   0.11%
19-Dec-18    84.86   -0.14%
20-Dec-18    84.71   -0.18%
21-Dec-18    84.44   -0.32%
24-Dec-18     84.4   -0.05%
26-Dec-18    84.52   0.14%
27-Dec-18    84.87   0.41%
28-Dec-18    84.93   0.07%
31-Dec-18    85.22   0.34%
  2-Jan-19   85.22   0.00%
  3-Jan-19   85.59   0.43%
  4-Jan-19   86.23   0.75%
  7-Jan-19    86.6   0.43%
  8-Jan-19   86.54   -0.07%
  9-Jan-19   86.69   0.17%
 10-Jan-19   86.54   -0.17%
 11-Jan-19   86.55   0.01%
 14-Jan-19   86.45   -0.12%
 15-Jan-19   86.74   0.34%
 16-Jan-19   86.82   0.09%
 17-Jan-19   87.11   0.33%
 18-Jan-19   87.53   0.48%
 22-Jan-19   87.55   0.02%
 23-Jan-19   87.99   0.50%
 24-Jan-19   88.42   0.49%
 25-Jan-19   88.33   -0.10%
 28-Jan-19   87.93   -0.45%
 29-Jan-19   88.01   0.09%
 30-Jan-19   88.63   0.70%
 31-Jan-19    89.3   0.76%
  1-Feb-19   89.43   0.15%
  4-Feb-19   89.12   -0.35%
  5-Feb-19   89.71   0.66%
  6-Feb-19   89.25   -0.51%
  7-Feb-19   89.09   -0.18%
  8-Feb-19   88.69   -0.45%
11-Feb-19    88.49   -0.23%
12-Feb-19    88.82   0.37%
13-Feb-19    88.82   0.00%
14-Feb-19    89.06   0.27%
15-Feb-19    89.13   0.08%
19-Feb-19    89.07   -0.07%
20-Feb-19    89.08   0.01%
21-Feb-19    89.02   -0.07%
22-Feb-19    89.57   0.62%
25-Feb-19    89.43   -0.16%
26-Feb-19    89.69   0.29%
27-Feb-19    89.71   0.02%
28-Feb-19    89.66   -0.06%
 1-Mar-19    89.34   -0.36%
 4-Mar-19    89.29   -0.06%
 5-Mar-19    89.33   0.04%
 6-Mar-19    89.25   -0.09%
 7-Mar-19    89.05   -0.22%
 8-Mar-19     89.3   0.28%
11-Mar-19    89.63   0.37%
12-Mar-19    89.91   0.31%
13-Mar-19    89.93   0.02%
14-Mar-19     89.8   -0.14%
15-Mar-19    90.16   0.40%
18-Mar-19    90.25   0.10%
19-Mar-19    90.31   0.07%
20-Mar-19    91.11   0.89%
21-Mar-19    91.09   -0.02%
22-Mar-19    90.49   -0.66%
25-Mar-19    90.99   0.55%
26-Mar-19    91.07   0.09%
27-Mar-19    90.73   -0.37%
28-Mar-19    90.92   0.21%
29-Mar-19    91.01   0.10%
  1-Apr-19   91.17   0.18%
  2-Apr-19   91.23   0.07%
  3-Apr-19   91.02   -0.23%
  4-Apr-19   90.99   -0.03%
  5-Apr-19   91.35   0.40%
  8-Apr-19   90.99   -0.39%
  9-Apr-19   91.04   0.05%
 10-Apr-19   91.23   0.21%
 11-Apr-19   90.89   -0.37%
 12-Apr-19   90.89   0.00%
 15-Apr-19   90.94   0.06%
 16-Apr-19   90.77   -0.19%
 17-Apr-19   90.85   0.09%
 18-Apr-19   90.93   0.09%
 22-Apr-19   90.86   -0.08%
 23-Apr-19   91.13   0.30%
 24-Apr-19   90.88   -0.27%
 25-Apr-19      91   0.13%
 26-Apr-19   90.94   -0.07%
 29-Apr-19   91.04   0.11%
 30-Apr-19   91.17   0.14%
 1-May-19    91.14   -0.03%
 2-May-19       91   -0.15%
 3-May-19    91.52   0.57%
 6-May-19     91.5   -0.02%
 7-May-19    91.02   -0.52%
 8-May-19    91.12   0.11%
 9-May-19    90.84   -0.31%
10-May-19    91.15   0.34%
13-May-19    90.42   -0.80%
14-May-19     90.7   0.31%
15-May-19    91.03   0.36%
16-May-19    91.05   0.02%
17-May-19    90.84   -0.23%
20-May-19     91.25   0.45%
21-May-19     91.36   0.12%
22-May-19     91.31   -0.05%
23-May-19     91.18   -0.14%
24-May-19     91.28   0.11%
28-May-19     91.39   0.12%
29-May-19     91.34   -0.05%
30-May-19     91.62   0.31%
31-May-19     91.62   0.00%
  3-Jun-19    91.58   -0.04%
  4-Jun-19    92.14   0.61%
  5-Jun-19    92.43   0.31%
  6-Jun-19    92.78   0.38%
  7-Jun-19    93.34   0.60%
 10-Jun-19    93.22   -0.13%
 11-Jun-19     93.1   -0.13%
 12-Jun-19    93.02   -0.09%
 13-Jun-19    93.23   0.23%
 14-Jun-19    93.16   -0.08%
 17-Jun-19     93.2   0.04%
 18-Jun-19    94.15   1.02%
 19-Jun-19    94.97   0.87%
 20-Jun-19    95.39   0.44%
 21-Jun-19    94.46   -0.97%
 24-Jun-19    94.65   0.20%
 25-Jun-19    94.16   -0.52%
 26-Jun-19    94.32   0.17%
 27-Jun-19    94.71   0.41%
 28-Jun-19    94.85   0.15%
   1-Jul-19   95.33   0.51%
   2-Jul-19    95.5   0.18%
   3-Jul-19   95.76   0.27%
   5-Jul-19   95.27   -0.51%
   8-Jul-19   95.13   -0.15%
   9-Jul-19   94.91   -0.23%
  10-Jul-19   95.06   0.16%
  11-Jul-19   94.78   -0.29%
  12-Jul-19   94.97   0.20%
  15-Jul-19   95.17   0.21%
 16-Jul-19   95.12   -0.05%
 17-Jul-19   95.22   0.11%
 18-Jul-19    95.4   0.19%
 19-Jul-19   95.26   -0.15%
 22-Jul-19   95.59   0.35%
 23-Jul-19   95.89   0.31%
 24-Jul-19   96.11   0.23%
 25-Jul-19   95.96   -0.16%
 26-Jul-19   95.91   -0.05%
 29-Jul-19   95.91   0.00%
 30-Jul-19   95.75   -0.17%
 31-Jul-19   95.54   -0.22%
 1-Aug-19    95.96   0.44%
 2-Aug-19     95.9   -0.06%
 5-Aug-19    94.95   -0.99%
 6-Aug-19    95.62   0.71%
 7-Aug-19     96.1   0.50%
 8-Aug-19    96.58   0.50%
 9-Aug-19    96.53   -0.05%
12-Aug-19    95.52   -1.05%
13-Aug-19    95.38   -0.15%
14-Aug-19    95.26   -0.13%
15-Aug-19    95.64   0.40%
16-Aug-19    96.18   0.56%
19-Aug-19     95.8   -0.40%
20-Aug-19    95.82   0.02%
21-Aug-19     96.1   0.29%
22-Aug-19    96.15   0.05%
23-Aug-19    96.19   0.04%
26-Aug-19    96.11   -0.08%
27-Aug-19    96.38   0.28%
28-Aug-19    96.49   0.11%
29-Aug-19    96.71   0.23%
30-Aug-19    97.03   0.33%
 3-Sep-19    97.25   0.23%
 4-Sep-19    97.86   0.63%
 5-Sep-19    97.33   -0.54%
 6-Sep-19    97.68   0.36%
 9-Sep-19    96.88   -0.82%
10-Sep-19   96.16   -0.74%
11-Sep-19   96.26   0.10%
12-Sep-19   96.45   0.20%
13-Sep-19   95.34   -1.15%
16-Sep-19   95.74   0.42%
17-Sep-19   96.05   0.32%
18-Sep-19   96.06   0.01%
19-Sep-19   96.48   0.44%
20-Sep-19   96.91   0.45%
23-Sep-19   96.69   -0.23%
24-Sep-19   96.07   -0.64%
25-Sep-19   95.79   -0.29%
26-Sep-19   95.99   0.21%
27-Sep-19   95.86   -0.14%
30-Sep-19   95.96   0.10%
 1-Oct-19    95.5   -0.48%
 2-Oct-19   95.49   -0.01%
 3-Oct-19   95.95   0.48%
 4-Oct-19   96.79   0.88%
 7-Oct-19   96.24   -0.57%
 8-Oct-19   96.15   -0.09%
 9-Oct-19   96.16   0.01%
10-Oct-19      96   -0.17%
11-Oct-19   95.93   -0.07%
14-Oct-19   95.97   0.04%
15-Oct-19   96.18   0.22%
16-Oct-19   96.02   -0.17%
17-Oct-19   96.16   0.15%
18-Oct-19   96.24   0.08%
21-Oct-19    95.9   -0.35%
22-Oct-19   96.24   0.35%
23-Oct-19   96.41   0.18%
24-Oct-19   96.41   0.00%
25-Oct-19   96.39   -0.02%
28-Oct-19   96.23   -0.17%
29-Oct-19   95.98   -0.26%
30-Oct-19   96.08   0.10%
31-Oct-19   96.52   0.46%
 1-Nov-19   96.86   0.35%
 4-Nov-19   96.66   -0.21%
 5-Nov-19   95.96   -0.72%
 6-Nov-19      96   0.04%
 7-Nov-19   95.67   -0.34%
 8-Nov-19    95.8   0.14%
11-Nov-19   95.73   -0.07%
12-Nov-19   95.53   -0.21%
13-Nov-19   95.39   -0.15%
14-Nov-19   95.89   0.52%
15-Nov-19   95.97   0.08%
18-Nov-19   95.51   -0.48%
19-Nov-19    95.3   -0.22%
20-Nov-19   95.46   0.17%
21-Nov-19   95.47   0.01%
22-Nov-19   95.73   0.27%
25-Nov-19   95.72   -0.01%
26-Nov-19   95.97   0.26%
27-Nov-19   95.84   -0.14%
29-Nov-19    95.6   -0.25%
 2-Dec-19   95.21   -0.41%
 3-Dec-19    95.4   0.20%
 4-Dec-19   95.62   0.23%
 5-Dec-19   95.91   0.30%
 6-Dec-19    96.1   0.20%
 9-Dec-19   96.36   0.27%
10-Dec-19   96.36   0.00%
11-Dec-19      97   0.66%
12-Dec-19   97.01   0.01%
13-Dec-19   97.37   0.37%
16-Dec-19   97.43   0.06%
17-Dec-19   97.79   0.37%
18-Dec-19   97.98   0.19%
19-Dec-19   97.64   -0.35%
20-Dec-19   97.88   0.25%
23-Dec-19   97.99   0.11%
24-Dec-19   98.17   0.18%
26-Dec-19    98.3   0.13%
27-Dec-19   98.57   0.27%
30-Dec-19   98.41   -0.16%
31-Dec-19     98.41   0.00%
  2-Jan-20    98.54   0.13%
  3-Jan-20    98.29   -0.25%
  6-Jan-20    98.09   -0.20%
  7-Jan-20    98.24   0.15%
  8-Jan-20     98.5   0.26%
  9-Jan-20    98.43   -0.07%
 10-Jan-20    98.45   0.02%
 13-Jan-20    98.54   0.09%
 14-Jan-20    98.52   -0.02%
 15-Jan-20    98.89   0.38%
 16-Jan-20    99.09   0.20%
 17-Jan-20    98.97   -0.12%
 21-Jan-20    98.89   -0.08%
 22-Jan-20    98.96   0.07%
 23-Jan-20    98.73   -0.23%
 24-Jan-20     98.6   -0.13%
 27-Jan-20    98.48   -0.12%
 28-Jan-20    98.95   0.48%
 29-Jan-20     99.4   0.45%
 30-Jan-20    99.33   -0.07%
 31-Jan-20    99.63   0.30%
  3-Feb-20    99.61   -0.02%
  4-Feb-20    99.49   -0.12%
  5-Feb-20    99.52   0.03%
  6-Feb-20    99.77   0.25%
  7-Feb-20    99.77   0.00%
10-Feb-20     99.78   0.01%
11-Feb-20     99.74   -0.04%
12-Feb-20     99.89   0.15%
13-Feb-20     99.91   0.02%
14-Feb-20    100.31   0.40%
18-Feb-20    100.39   0.08%
19-Feb-20    100.59   0.20%
20-Feb-20    100.65   0.06%
21-Feb-20    100.88   0.23%
24-Feb-20    100.44   -0.44%
25-Feb-20     99.82   -0.62%
26-Feb-20     99.77   -0.05%
27-Feb-20    98.52   -1.25%
28-Feb-20    98.39   -0.13%
 2-Mar-20    99.18   0.80%
 3-Mar-20   100.33   1.16%
 4-Mar-20   101.07   0.74%
 5-Mar-20   100.18   -0.88%
 6-Mar-20    99.77   -0.41%
 9-Mar-20    91.69   -8.10%
10-Mar-20    92.75   1.16%
11-Mar-20    88.55   -4.53%
12-Mar-20    84.19   -4.92%
13-Mar-20    86.58   2.84%
16-Mar-20    82.58   -4.62%
17-Mar-20    81.78   -0.97%
18-Mar-20    74.24   -9.22%
19-Mar-20    76.13   2.55%
20-Mar-20    78.82   3.53%
23-Mar-20    79.04   0.28%
24-Mar-20    81.51   3.13%
25-Mar-20    84.78   4.01%
26-Mar-20    86.18   1.65%
27-Mar-20    84.41   -2.05%
30-Mar-20     84.3   -0.13%
31-Mar-20    83.66   -0.76%
 1-Apr-20    81.55   -2.52%
 2-Apr-20    83.22   2.05%
 3-Apr-20    83.07   -0.18%
 6-Apr-20    84.75   2.02%
 7-Apr-20    85.24   0.58%
 8-Apr-20     85.6   0.42%
 9-Apr-20    88.07   2.89%
13-Apr-20     87.9   -0.19%
14-Apr-20    88.48   0.66%
15-Apr-20    86.72   -1.99%
16-Apr-20    86.16   -0.65%
17-Apr-20    86.77   0.71%
20-Apr-20    86.22   -0.63%
21-Apr-20    85.01   -1.40%
22-Apr-20    85.08   0.08%
 23-Apr-20   85.49   0.48%
 24-Apr-20   85.11   -0.44%
 27-Apr-20   84.97   -0.16%
 28-Apr-20    85.8   0.98%
 29-Apr-20   87.17   1.60%
 30-Apr-20   87.33   0.18%
 1-May-20    86.95   -0.44%
 4-May-20    86.95   0.00%
 5-May-20    87.91   1.10%
 6-May-20    87.51   -0.46%
 7-May-20    88.21   0.80%
 8-May-20    88.66   0.51%
11-May-20    89.15   0.55%
12-May-20    88.99   -0.18%
13-May-20    88.46   -0.60%
14-May-20    88.86   0.45%
15-May-20    89.11   0.28%
18-May-20    90.66   1.74%
19-May-20    90.73   0.08%
20-May-20    92.48   1.93%
21-May-20    92.45   -0.03%
22-May-20    92.03   -0.45%
26-May-20     92.6   0.62%
27-May-20    92.76   0.17%
28-May-20    92.49   -0.29%
29-May-20    92.81   0.35%
  1-Jun-20   93.26   0.48%
  2-Jun-20   94.16   0.97%
  3-Jun-20   94.58   0.45%
  4-Jun-20   94.13   -0.48%
  5-Jun-20    94.9   0.82%
  8-Jun-20   95.58   0.72%
  9-Jun-20   95.33   -0.26%
 10-Jun-20   95.33   0.00%
 11-Jun-20   93.15   -2.29%
 12-Jun-20   94.23   1.16%
 15-Jun-20   94.73   0.53%
 16-Jun-20   95.18   0.48%
 17-Jun-20   95.05   -0.14%
 18-Jun-20     94.94   -0.12%
 19-Jun-20     95.15   0.22%
 22-Jun-20     95.32   0.18%
 23-Jun-20     95.51   0.20%
 24-Jun-20     95.21   -0.31%
 25-Jun-20     95.27   0.06%
 26-Jun-20     95.08   -0.20%
 29-Jun-20      95.2   0.13%
 30-Jun-20     95.57   0.39%
   1-Jul-20    95.79   0.23%
   2-Jul-20     96.3   0.53%
   6-Jul-20     96.9   0.62%
   7-Jul-20    96.35   -0.57%
   8-Jul-20    96.76   0.43%
   9-Jul-20    96.34   -0.43%
  10-Jul-20    96.33   -0.01%
  13-Jul-20    96.14   -0.20%
  14-Jul-20    96.37   0.24%
  15-Jul-20    96.76   0.40%
  16-Jul-20    96.94   0.19%
  17-Jul-20    97.16   0.23%
  20-Jul-20    97.81   0.67%
  21-Jul-20    98.33   0.53%
  22-Jul-20    98.62   0.29%
  23-Jul-20    98.57   -0.05%
  24-Jul-20    98.64   0.07%
  27-Jul-20    98.81   0.17%
  28-Jul-20    98.48   -0.33%
  29-Jul-20    99.05   0.58%
  30-Jul-20    99.03   -0.02%
  31-Jul-20    99.26   0.23%
 3-Aug-20      99.62   0.36%
 4-Aug-20     100.13   0.51%
 5-Aug-20     100.45   0.32%
 6-Aug-20     100.71   0.26%
 7-Aug-20      100.5   -0.21%
10-Aug-20     100.65   0.15%
11-Aug-20     100.54   -0.11%
12-Aug-20     100.43   -0.11%
13-Aug-20    100.2   -0.23%
14-Aug-20    99.75   -0.45%
17-Aug-20    99.86   0.11%
18-Aug-20    99.73   -0.13%
19-Aug-20     99.5   -0.23%
20-Aug-20    99.73   0.23%
21-Aug-20   100.05   0.32%
24-Aug-20   100.25   0.20%
25-Aug-20    99.76   -0.49%
26-Aug-20    99.53   -0.23%
27-Aug-20    99.06   -0.47%
28-Aug-20    99.99   0.94%
31-Aug-20    99.98   -0.01%
 1-Sep-20   100.65   0.67%
 2-Sep-20   101.06   0.41%
 3-Sep-20   100.55   -0.50%
 4-Sep-20   100.12   -0.43%
 8-Sep-20    99.72   -0.40%
 9-Sep-20   100.23   0.51%
10-Sep-20    99.94   -0.29%
11-Sep-20    99.98   0.04%
14-Sep-20   100.08   0.10%
15-Sep-20   100.24   0.16%
16-Sep-20   100.01   -0.23%
17-Sep-20    99.59   -0.42%
18-Sep-20    99.13   -0.46%
21-Sep-20    98.16   -0.98%
22-Sep-20    97.96   -0.20%
23-Sep-20    96.69   -1.30%
24-Sep-20    96.95   0.27%
25-Sep-20    97.42   0.48%
28-Sep-20    97.64   0.23%
29-Sep-20    97.42   -0.23%
30-Sep-20     97.9   0.49%
 1-Oct-20    98.08   0.18%
 2-Oct-20    97.73   -0.36%
 5-Oct-20    98.11   0.39%
 6-Oct-20    98.18   0.07%
 7-Oct-20     98.4   0.22%
 8-Oct-20    99.35   0.97%
 9-Oct-20    99.59   0.24%
12-Oct-20    99.85   0.26%
13-Oct-20     99.6   -0.25%
14-Oct-20    99.57   -0.03%
15-Oct-20    99.17   -0.40%
16-Oct-20    99.32   0.15%
19-Oct-20    98.74   -0.58%
20-Oct-20     98.8   0.06%
21-Oct-20    98.29   -0.52%
22-Oct-20    97.83   -0.47%
23-Oct-20    98.29   0.47%
26-Oct-20    97.94   -0.36%
27-Oct-20    98.52   0.59%
28-Oct-20    97.68   -0.85%
29-Oct-20    97.71   0.03%
30-Oct-20    97.45   -0.27%
 2-Nov-20    97.61   0.16%
 3-Nov-20     98.4   0.81%
 4-Nov-20    100.3   1.93%
 5-Nov-20   100.68   0.38%
 6-Nov-20   100.24   -0.44%
 9-Nov-20   100.72   0.48%
10-Nov-20   100.61   -0.11%
11-Nov-20   100.99   0.38%
12-Nov-20    100.8   -0.19%
13-Nov-20   101.19   0.39%
16-Nov-20   101.41   0.22%
17-Nov-20   101.23   -0.18%
18-Nov-20   101.14   -0.09%
19-Nov-20   101.37   0.23%
20-Nov-20   101.45   0.08%
23-Nov-20   101.37   -0.08%
24-Nov-20   101.51   0.14%
25-Nov-20   101.43   -0.08%
27-Nov-20   101.76   0.33%
30-Nov-20   101.56   -0.20%
 1-Dec-20   101.82   0.26%
 2-Dec-20   101.87   0.05%
 3-Dec-20     102.3   0.42%
 4-Dec-20    102.39   0.09%
 7-Dec-20    102.37   -0.02%
 8-Dec-20     102.2   -0.17%
 9-Dec-20    101.95   -0.24%
10-Dec-20    102.46   0.50%
11-Dec-20    102.51   0.05%
14-Dec-20    102.51   0.00%
15-Dec-20    102.86   0.34%
16-Dec-20    102.93   0.07%
17-Dec-20    103.27   0.33%
18-Dec-20    103.13   -0.14%
21-Dec-20    102.84   -0.28%
22-Dec-20    102.96   0.12%
23-Dec-20    103.11   0.15%
24-Dec-20    103.37   0.25%
28-Dec-20     103.4   0.03%
29-Dec-20    103.55   0.15%
30-Dec-20    103.69   0.14%
31-Dec-20    103.75   0.06%
  4-Jan-21   103.18   -0.55%
  5-Jan-21   103.25   0.07%
  6-Jan-21   102.51   -0.72%
  7-Jan-21   102.47   -0.04%
  8-Jan-21   102.52   0.05%
 11-Jan-21   101.72   -0.78%
 12-Jan-21   101.24   -0.47%
 13-Jan-21   101.71   0.46%
 14-Jan-21   101.41   -0.29%
 15-Jan-21   101.53   0.12%
 19-Jan-21   101.67   0.14%
 20-Jan-21   101.79   0.12%
 21-Jan-21   101.86   0.07%
 22-Jan-21   101.91   0.05%
 25-Jan-21   102.31   0.39%
 26-Jan-21   102.18   -0.13%
 27-Jan-21    101.7   -0.47%
 28-Jan-21   101.92   0.22%
 29-Jan-21   101.91   -0.01%
 1-Feb-21   102.41   0.49%
 2-Feb-21   102.41   0.00%
 3-Feb-21   102.15   -0.25%
 4-Feb-21   102.45   0.29%
 5-Feb-21   102.56   0.11%
 8-Feb-21   102.56   0.00%
 9-Feb-21    102.2   -0.35%
10-Feb-21    102.4   0.20%
11-Feb-21   102.47   0.07%
12-Feb-21    101.9   -0.56%
16-Feb-21   100.65   -1.23%
17-Feb-21   101.21   0.56%
18-Feb-21    101.1   -0.11%
19-Feb-21   100.56   -0.53%
22-Feb-21    99.88   -0.68%
23-Feb-21      100   0.12%
24-Feb-21   100.15   0.15%
25-Feb-21    98.36   -1.79%
26-Feb-21     98.8   0.45%
 1-Mar-21    99.35   0.56%
 2-Mar-21    99.29   -0.06%
 3-Mar-21    98.69   -0.60%
 4-Mar-21    97.85   -0.85%
 5-Mar-21    97.83   -0.02%
 8-Mar-21    96.14   -1.73%
 9-Mar-21    97.27   1.18%
10-Mar-21    98.22   0.98%
11-Mar-21    98.95   0.74%
12-Mar-21     97.7   -1.26%
15-Mar-21    98.34   0.66%
16-Mar-21    98.69   0.36%
17-Mar-21    99.51   0.83%
18-Mar-21    98.16   -1.36%
19-Mar-21    98.45   0.30%
22-Mar-21    98.67   0.22%
23-Mar-21    98.32   -0.35%
24-Mar-21    98.53   0.21%
25-Mar-21    98.39   -0.14%
26-Mar-21    98.42   0.03%
29-Mar-21     97.91   -0.52%
30-Mar-21     97.96   0.05%
31-Mar-21     98.08   0.12%
  1-Apr-21    98.86   0.80%
  5-Apr-21    98.74   -0.12%
  6-Apr-21    99.07   0.33%
  7-Apr-21    98.73   -0.34%
  8-Apr-21     99.3   0.58%
  9-Apr-21    99.03   -0.27%
 12-Apr-21    99.19   0.16%
 13-Apr-21    99.72   0.53%
 14-Apr-21    99.63   -0.09%
 15-Apr-21   100.84   1.21%
 16-Apr-21   100.51   -0.33%
 19-Apr-21   100.44   -0.07%
 20-Apr-21   100.19   -0.25%
 21-Apr-21   100.38   0.19%
 22-Apr-21   100.53   0.15%
 23-Apr-21    100.7   0.17%
 26-Apr-21   100.24   -0.46%
 27-Apr-21     99.7   -0.54%
 28-Apr-21   100.03   0.33%
 29-Apr-21   100.15   0.12%
 30-Apr-21   100.44   0.29%
 3-May-21     100.3   -0.14%
 4-May-21    100.39   0.09%
 5-May-21    100.53   0.14%
 6-May-21    100.72   0.19%
 7-May-21    101.17   0.45%
10-May-21    100.94   -0.23%
11-May-21    100.71   -0.23%
12-May-21     99.79   -0.91%
13-May-21    100.31   0.52%
14-May-21    100.84   0.53%
17-May-21    100.78   -0.06%
18-May-21    100.77   -0.01%
19-May-21     100.3   -0.47%
20-May-21       101   0.70%
21-May-21     100.8   -0.20%
24-May-21     100.91   0.11%
25-May-21      101.4   0.49%
26-May-21     101.39   -0.01%
27-May-21      101.2   -0.19%
28-May-21     101.41   0.21%
  1-Jun-21    101.54   0.13%
  2-Jun-21     101.7   0.16%
  3-Jun-21     101.2   -0.49%
  4-Jun-21    101.87   0.66%
  7-Jun-21    101.64   -0.23%
  8-Jun-21    102.04   0.39%
  9-Jun-21    102.41   0.36%
 10-Jun-21    102.56   0.15%
 11-Jun-21    102.68   0.12%
 14-Jun-21    102.06   -0.60%
 15-Jun-21    102.29   0.23%
 16-Jun-21    101.41   -0.86%
 17-Jun-21    101.81   0.39%
 18-Jun-21    102.11   0.29%
 21-Jun-21    102.04   -0.07%
 22-Jun-21       102   -0.04%
 23-Jun-21    102.11   0.11%
 24-Jun-21    102.15   0.04%
 25-Jun-21    101.98   -0.17%
 28-Jun-21    102.17   0.19%
 29-Jun-21    102.14   -0.03%
 30-Jun-21    102.28   0.14%
   1-Jul-21   102.17   -0.11%
   2-Jul-21   102.29   0.12%
   6-Jul-21   102.41   0.12%
   7-Jul-21   102.56   0.15%
   8-Jul-21   102.35   -0.20%
   9-Jul-21   102.32   -0.03%
  12-Jul-21   102.38   0.06%
  13-Jul-21   102.02   -0.35%
  14-Jul-21   102.46   0.43%
  15-Jul-21   102.78   0.31%
  16-Jul-21   102.64   -0.14%
  19-Jul-21   102.66   0.02%
 20-Jul-21   102.94   0.27%
 21-Jul-21   102.55   -0.38%
 22-Jul-21   102.78   0.22%
 23-Jul-21   102.78   0.00%
 26-Jul-21    102.5   -0.27%
 27-Jul-21   102.23   -0.26%
 28-Jul-21   102.48   0.24%
 29-Jul-21   102.57   0.09%
 30-Jul-21   102.85   0.27%
 2-Aug-21    102.99   0.14%
 3-Aug-21    103.03   0.04%
 4-Aug-21    103.08   0.05%
 5-Aug-21    103.01   -0.07%
 6-Aug-21    102.46   -0.53%
 9-Aug-21    102.13   -0.32%
10-Aug-21    102.11   -0.02%
11-Aug-21    102.17   0.06%
12-Aug-21    102.31   0.14%
13-Aug-21    102.79   0.47%
16-Aug-21    102.81   0.02%
17-Aug-21    102.72   -0.09%
18-Aug-21    102.64   -0.08%
19-Aug-21    102.74   0.10%
20-Aug-21    102.59   -0.15%
23-Aug-21    102.98   0.38%
24-Aug-21    103.04   0.06%
25-Aug-21    102.97   -0.07%
26-Aug-21     102.8   -0.17%
27-Aug-21    103.46   0.64%
30-Aug-21    103.74   0.27%
31-Aug-21    103.77   0.03%
 1-Sep-21    103.95   0.17%
 2-Sep-21    104.24   0.28%
 3-Sep-21     103.9   -0.33%
 7-Sep-21    103.61   -0.28%
 8-Sep-21     103.8   0.18%
 9-Sep-21    103.97   0.16%
10-Sep-21    103.64   -0.32%
13-Sep-21    103.78   0.14%
14-Sep-21   103.98   0.19%
15-Sep-21   103.96   -0.02%
16-Sep-21   103.61   -0.34%
17-Sep-21   103.28   -0.32%
20-Sep-21    102.8   -0.46%
21-Sep-21   102.99   0.18%
22-Sep-21   103.05   0.06%
23-Sep-21   102.27   -0.76%
24-Sep-21   101.84   -0.42%
27-Sep-21   101.54   -0.29%
28-Sep-21   100.96   -0.57%
29-Sep-21   101.05   0.09%
30-Sep-21   101.04   -0.01%
 1-Oct-21   101.01   -0.03%
 4-Oct-21   100.52   -0.49%
 5-Oct-21   100.59   0.07%
 6-Oct-21   100.38   -0.21%
 7-Oct-21   100.49   0.11%
 8-Oct-21   100.24   -0.25%
11-Oct-21    99.96   -0.28%
12-Oct-21   100.28   0.32%
13-Oct-21   100.92   0.64%
14-Oct-21   101.35   0.43%
15-Oct-21   101.23   -0.12%
18-Oct-21    100.9   -0.33%
19-Oct-21   100.83   -0.07%
20-Oct-21   100.88   0.05%
21-Oct-21   100.45   -0.43%
22-Oct-21   100.85   0.40%
25-Oct-21   100.92   0.07%
26-Oct-21   101.13   0.21%
27-Oct-21   101.73   0.59%
28-Oct-21   101.54   -0.19%
29-Oct-21    101.2   -0.33%
 1-Nov-21   100.92   -0.28%
 2-Nov-21   101.05   0.13%
 3-Nov-21   100.89   -0.16%
 4-Nov-21   101.62   0.72%
 5-Nov-21   102.39   0.76%
 8-Nov-21    102.29   -0.10%
 9-Nov-21    102.48   0.19%
10-Nov-21    100.98   -1.46%
11-Nov-21    100.98   0.00%
12-Nov-21    101.24   0.26%
15-Nov-21    100.97   -0.27%
16-Nov-21    100.74   -0.23%
17-Nov-21    100.85   0.11%
18-Nov-21    101.11   0.26%
19-Nov-21    101.08   -0.03%
22-Nov-21    100.04   -1.03%
23-Nov-21     99.41   -0.63%
24-Nov-21     99.57   0.16%
26-Nov-21     98.46   -1.11%
29-Nov-21     99.31   0.86%
30-Nov-21     99.29   -0.02%
 1-Dec-21     99.98   0.69%
 2-Dec-21    100.58   0.60%
 3-Dec-21    100.71   0.13%
 6-Dec-21     100.8   0.09%
 7-Dec-21    101.34   0.54%
 8-Dec-21    101.19   -0.15%
 9-Dec-21    101.12   -0.07%
10-Dec-21    101.14   0.02%
13-Dec-21    101.56   0.42%
14-Dec-21     101.3   -0.26%
15-Dec-21    100.98   -0.32%
16-Dec-21    101.08   0.10%
17-Dec-21     100.9   -0.18%
20-Dec-21    100.36   -0.54%
21-Dec-21    100.66   0.30%
22-Dec-21    100.77   0.11%
23-Dec-21    100.92   0.15%
27-Dec-21    101.29   0.37%
28-Dec-21     101.2   -0.09%
29-Dec-21    101.09   -0.11%
30-Dec-21    101.57   0.47%
31-Dec-21    101.44   -0.13%
  3-Jan-22   100.43   -1.00%
  4-Jan-22   100.38   -0.05%
  5-Jan-22    99.42   -0.96%
  6-Jan-22    99.33   -0.09%
  7-Jan-22    99.13   -0.20%
10-Jan-22      98.8   -0.33%
11-Jan-22        99   0.20%
12-Jan-22      98.8   -0.20%
13-Jan-22     98.46   -0.34%
14-Jan-22      97.6   -0.87%
18-Jan-22      96.7   -0.92%
19-Jan-22     97.35   0.67%
20-Jan-22     97.69   0.35%
21-Jan-22     98.21   0.53%
24-Jan-22     97.55   -0.67%
25-Jan-22      97.7   0.15%
26-Jan-22     97.19   -0.52%
27-Jan-22     97.74   0.57%
28-Jan-22     98.04   0.31%
31-Jan-22     98.02   -0.02%
 1-Feb-22     98.27   0.26%
 2-Feb-22     98.72   0.46%
 3-Feb-22     97.87   -0.86%
 4-Feb-22      97.4   -0.48%
 7-Feb-22     97.29   -0.11%
 8-Feb-22     97.04   -0.26%
 9-Feb-22     97.38   0.35%
10-Feb-22     96.11   -1.30%
11-Feb-22     95.55   -0.58%
14-Feb-22     95.91   0.38%
15-Feb-22     96.27   0.38%
16-Feb-22     96.55   0.29%
17-Feb-22     96.11   -0.46%
18-Feb-22     96.14   0.03%
22-Feb-22     94.93   -1.26%
23-Feb-22     93.33   -1.69%
24-Feb-22     92.39   -1.01%
25-Feb-22      93.5   1.20%
28-Feb-22      92.6   -0.96%
 1-Mar-22     91.17   -1.54%
 2-Mar-22   90.97   -0.22%
 3-Mar-22   90.58   -0.43%
 4-Mar-22   88.63   -2.15%
 7-Mar-22   87.94   -0.78%
 8-Mar-22    88.7   0.86%
 9-Mar-22   89.57   0.98%
10-Mar-22    89.7   0.15%
11-Mar-22      89   -0.78%
14-Mar-22   88.82   -0.20%
15-Mar-22   89.35   0.60%
16-Mar-22   91.18   2.05%
17-Mar-22   91.76   0.64%
18-Mar-22   91.38   -0.41%
21-Mar-22   89.78   -1.75%
22-Mar-22   89.62   -0.18%
23-Mar-22    89.7   0.09%
24-Mar-22   90.05   0.39%
25-Mar-22   89.85   -0.22%
28-Mar-22   90.72   0.97%
29-Mar-22   91.61   0.98%
30-Mar-22   91.67   0.07%
31-Mar-22   91.58   -0.10%
 1-Apr-22   91.91   0.36%
 4-Apr-22   92.27   0.39%
 5-Apr-22   90.78   -1.61%
 6-Apr-22   90.51   -0.30%
 7-Apr-22   90.25   -0.29%
 8-Apr-22   89.47   -0.86%
11-Apr-22    88.4   -1.20%
12-Apr-22   88.73   0.37%
13-Apr-22   88.96   0.26%
14-Apr-22   88.13   -0.93%
18-Apr-22   88.08   -0.06%
19-Apr-22   87.74   -0.39%
20-Apr-22   88.34   0.68%
21-Apr-22   87.54   -0.91%
22-Apr-22   86.61   -1.06%
25-Apr-22   87.62   1.17%
26-Apr-22   87.02   -0.68%
 27-Apr-22   86.79   -0.26%
 28-Apr-22   86.95   0.18%
 29-Apr-22   85.47   -1.70%
 2-May-22       85   -0.55%
 3-May-22    85.36   0.42%
 4-May-22    86.82   1.71%
 5-May-22    85.52   -1.50%
 6-May-22    84.37   -1.34%
 9-May-22    83.62   -0.89%
10-May-22    84.04   0.50%
11-May-22    84.41   0.44%
12-May-22    84.46   0.06%
13-May-22    84.32   -0.17%
16-May-22    83.87   -0.53%
17-May-22    84.17   0.36%
18-May-22    83.63   -0.64%
19-May-22    84.09   0.55%
20-May-22    84.63   0.64%
23-May-22    84.69   0.07%
24-May-22    85.43   0.87%
25-May-22    86.18   0.88%
26-May-22    86.47   0.34%
27-May-22    86.61   0.16%
31-May-22    86.16   -0.52%
  1-Jun-22   86.01   -0.17%
  2-Jun-22   86.84   0.97%
  3-Jun-22   86.25   -0.68%
  6-Jun-22   85.12   -1.31%
  7-Jun-22   85.62   0.59%
  8-Jun-22   84.77   -0.99%
  9-Jun-22   84.07   -0.83%
 10-Jun-22   82.66   -1.68%
 13-Jun-22   80.47   -2.65%
 14-Jun-22   80.43   -0.05%
 15-Jun-22   82.84   3.00%
 16-Jun-22      81   -2.22%
 17-Jun-22   81.44   0.54%
 21-Jun-22    81.2   -0.29%
 22-Jun-22   81.32   0.15%
 23-Jun-22    81.86   0.66%
 24-Jun-22    81.97   0.13%
 27-Jun-22    80.85   -1.37%
 28-Jun-22    80.23   -0.77%
 29-Jun-22    80.53   0.37%
 30-Jun-22    80.86   0.41%
   1-Jul-22   81.99   1.40%
   5-Jul-22   81.35   -0.78%
   6-Jul-22   80.69   -0.81%
   7-Jul-22   80.93   0.30%
   8-Jul-22   80.55   -0.47%
  11-Jul-22   79.87   -0.84%
  12-Jul-22   79.64   -0.29%
  13-Jul-22   79.32   -0.40%
  14-Jul-22   77.93   -1.75%
  15-Jul-22   78.71   1.00%
  18-Jul-22   78.75   0.05%
  19-Jul-22    79.9   1.46%
  20-Jul-22   80.53   0.79%
  21-Jul-22   80.98   0.56%
  22-Jul-22   81.86   1.09%
  25-Jul-22   81.92   0.07%
  26-Jul-22   81.16   -0.93%
  27-Jul-22   82.38   1.50%
  28-Jul-22   83.45   1.30%
  29-Jul-22   83.77   0.38%
 1-Aug-22     84.15   0.45%
 2-Aug-22     82.93   -1.45%
 3-Aug-22     84.52   1.92%
 4-Aug-22     84.71   0.22%
 5-Aug-22     84.53   -0.21%
 8-Aug-22     85.79   1.49%
 9-Aug-22     84.35   -1.68%
10-Aug-22     85.86   1.79%
11-Aug-22     85.51   -0.41%
12-Aug-22     86.16   0.76%
15-Aug-22        86   -0.19%
16-Aug-22     85.25   -0.87%
17-Aug-22     84.31   -1.10%
18-Aug-22   84.22   -0.11%
19-Aug-22   82.94   -1.52%
22-Aug-22   82.33   -0.74%
23-Aug-22    83.2   1.06%
24-Aug-22   83.12   -0.10%
25-Aug-22      84   1.06%
26-Aug-22   82.69   -1.56%
29-Aug-22   82.19   -0.60%
30-Aug-22   82.16   -0.04%
31-Aug-22   81.51   -0.79%
 1-Sep-22   81.31   -0.25%
 2-Sep-22   81.59   0.34%
 6-Sep-22   80.85   -0.91%
 7-Sep-22   82.07   1.51%
 8-Sep-22    82.1   0.04%
 9-Sep-22    82.6   0.61%
12-Sep-22   82.57   -0.04%
13-Sep-22   81.31   -1.53%
14-Sep-22   81.25   -0.07%
15-Sep-22   81.19   -0.07%
16-Sep-22   80.75   -0.54%
19-Sep-22   81.04   0.36%
20-Sep-22   80.29   -0.93%
21-Sep-22   80.06   -0.29%
22-Sep-22   79.52   -0.67%
23-Sep-22   78.56   -1.21%
26-Sep-22   76.71   -2.35%
27-Sep-22   75.48   -1.60%
28-Sep-22    77.3   2.41%
29-Sep-22   76.32   -1.27%
30-Sep-22   76.15   -0.22%
 3-Oct-22    77.3   1.51%
 4-Oct-22   78.76   1.89%
 5-Oct-22   77.64   -1.42%
 6-Oct-22   77.34   -0.39%
 7-Oct-22    76.3   -1.34%
10-Oct-22   76.08   -0.29%
11-Oct-22   76.02   -0.08%
12-Oct-22   75.75   -0.36%
13-Oct-22   75.52   -0.30%
14-Oct-22   74.96   -0.74%
17-Oct-22   75.38   0.56%
18-Oct-22   76.18   1.06%
19-Oct-22   75.04   -1.50%
20-Oct-22   74.28   -1.01%
21-Oct-22    75.1   1.10%
24-Oct-22   75.05   -0.07%
25-Oct-22   76.35   1.73%
26-Oct-22   76.85   0.65%
27-Oct-22   77.02   0.22%
28-Oct-22   77.22   0.26%
31-Oct-22   76.02   -1.55%
 1-Nov-22   77.49   1.93%
 2-Nov-22    76.9   -0.76%
 3-Nov-22   76.62   -0.36%
 4-Nov-22   77.85   1.61%
 7-Nov-22   77.82   -0.04%
 8-Nov-22   78.37   0.71%
 9-Nov-22   77.31   -1.35%
10-Nov-22   80.86   4.59%
11-Nov-22   80.85   -0.01%
14-Nov-22   80.16   -0.85%
15-Nov-22   81.67   1.88%
16-Nov-22   81.67   0.00%
17-Nov-22   80.93   -0.91%
18-Nov-22   80.93   0.00%
21-Nov-22   80.94   0.01%
22-Nov-22   81.78   1.04%
23-Nov-22   82.32   0.66%
25-Nov-22   82.69   0.45%
28-Nov-22   82.37   -0.39%
29-Nov-22   82.74   0.45%
30-Nov-22   83.68   1.14%
 1-Dec-22   85.34   1.98%
 2-Dec-22   84.98   -0.42%
 5-Dec-22   83.68   -1.53%
 6-Dec-22   83.22   -0.55%
 7-Dec-22   84.43   1.45%
 8-Dec-22    84.27   -0.19%
 9-Dec-22    83.69   -0.69%
12-Dec-22       84   0.37%
13-Dec-22    84.81   0.96%
14-Dec-22    84.68   -0.15%
15-Dec-22    84.23   -0.53%
16-Dec-22    83.79   -0.52%
19-Dec-22    83.34   -0.54%
20-Dec-22    82.92   -0.50%
21-Dec-22       84   1.30%
22-Dec-22    83.57   -0.51%
23-Dec-22    83.12   -0.54%
27-Dec-22    82.62   -0.60%
28-Dec-22    82.32   -0.36%
29-Dec-22    82.96   0.78%
30-Dec-22    82.55   -0.49%
  3-Jan-23   82.91   0.44%
  4-Jan-23   83.92   1.22%
  5-Jan-23   83.16   -0.91%
  6-Jan-23   84.63   1.77%
  9-Jan-23   84.47   -0.19%
 10-Jan-23   83.94   -0.63%
 11-Jan-23    84.9   1.14%
 12-Jan-23    85.9   1.18%
 13-Jan-23    85.7   -0.23%
 17-Jan-23   85.79   0.11%
 18-Jan-23    86.8   1.18%
 19-Jan-23   86.56   -0.28%
 20-Jan-23   86.36   -0.23%
 23-Jan-23   86.31   -0.06%
 24-Jan-23   86.69   0.44%
 25-Jan-23   86.63   -0.07%
 26-Jan-23   86.63   0.00%
 27-Jan-23   86.47   -0.18%
 30-Jan-23   85.37   -1.27%
 31-Jan-23   85.79   0.49%
  1-Feb-23   87.41   1.89%
  2-Feb-23    87.7   0.33%
  3-Feb-23   86.49   -1.38%
 6-Feb-23   85.27   -1.41%
 7-Feb-23   85.35   0.09%
 8-Feb-23    85.3   -0.06%
 9-Feb-23   84.74   -0.66%
10-Feb-23   84.08   -0.78%
13-Feb-23   84.32   0.29%
14-Feb-23   84.37   0.06%
15-Feb-23   84.12   -0.30%
16-Feb-23   83.57   -0.65%
17-Feb-23    83.6   0.04%
21-Feb-23   82.34   -1.51%
22-Feb-23   82.66   0.39%
23-Feb-23   83.99   1.61%
24-Feb-23   83.41   -0.69%
27-Feb-23   83.83   0.50%
28-Feb-23   83.48   -0.42%
 1-Mar-23   82.92   -0.67%
 2-Mar-23   82.62   -0.36%
 3-Mar-23   83.89   1.54%
 6-Mar-23   83.55   -0.41%
 7-Mar-23   83.21   -0.41%
 8-Mar-23   82.82   -0.47%
 9-Mar-23   82.84   0.02%
10-Mar-23   83.61   0.93%
13-Mar-23   83.48   -0.16%
14-Mar-23   83.25   -0.28%
15-Mar-23   83.55   0.36%
16-Mar-23    83.2   -0.42%
17-Mar-23   82.83   -0.44%
20-Mar-23   82.84   0.01%
21-Mar-23   83.43   0.71%
22-Mar-23   84.15   0.86%
23-Mar-23   84.46   0.37%
24-Mar-23      84   -0.54%
27-Mar-23   83.64   -0.43%
28-Mar-23   83.35   -0.35%
29-Mar-23   83.75   0.48%
30-Mar-23   84.33   0.69%
31-Mar-23   84.87   0.64%
  3-Apr-23   85.19   0.38%
  4-Apr-23   85.31   0.14%
  5-Apr-23   85.13   -0.21%
  6-Apr-23   85.04   -0.11%
 10-Apr-23    84.6   -0.52%
 11-Apr-23   84.69   0.11%
 12-Apr-23   84.93   0.28%
 13-Apr-23   85.02   0.11%
 14-Apr-23   84.84   -0.21%
 17-Apr-23    84.3   -0.64%
 18-Apr-23   84.28   -0.02%
 19-Apr-23   83.88   -0.47%
 20-Apr-23   83.78   -0.12%
 21-Apr-23   83.79   0.01%
 24-Apr-23   84.01   0.26%
 25-Apr-23   84.53   0.62%
 26-Apr-23    84.3   -0.27%
 27-Apr-23   84.32   0.02%
 28-Apr-23    85.1   0.93%
 1-May-23    84.26   -0.99%
 2-May-23    84.62   0.43%
 3-May-23    84.88   0.31%
 4-May-23    84.46   -0.49%
 5-May-23    84.69   0.27%
 8-May-23    84.36   -0.39%
 9-May-23    84.32   -0.05%
10-May-23    84.78   0.55%
11-May-23    85.05   0.32%
12-May-23    84.52   -0.62%
15-May-23    84.15   -0.44%
16-May-23    83.82   -0.39%
17-May-23    83.83   0.01%
18-May-23    83.49   -0.41%
19-May-23    83.48   -0.01%
22-May-23    83.47   -0.01%
23-May-23    83.57   0.12%
24-May-23    83.43   -0.17%
25-May-23    83.22   -0.25%
26-May-23    83.56   0.41%
30-May-23     84.2   0.77%
31-May-23    84.09   -0.13%
  1-Jun-23   84.65   0.67%
  2-Jun-23   84.52   -0.15%
  5-Jun-23    84.8   0.33%
  6-Jun-23   84.95   0.18%
  7-Jun-23   84.45   -0.59%
  8-Jun-23   84.93   0.57%
  9-Jun-23   84.83   -0.12%
 12-Jun-23    85.3   0.55%
 13-Jun-23   85.17   -0.15%
 14-Jun-23   85.35   0.21%
 15-Jun-23   85.79   0.52%
 16-Jun-23   85.45   -0.40%
 20-Jun-23   85.49   0.05%
 21-Jun-23   85.94   0.53%
 22-Jun-23   85.61   -0.38%
 23-Jun-23   85.71   0.12%
 26-Jun-23   85.97   0.30%
 27-Jun-23   85.97   0.00%
 28-Jun-23   86.03   0.07%
 29-Jun-23   85.58   -0.52%
 30-Jun-23   86.19   0.71%
                                                       Estimation note: Those of you who have followed my att
5.719%                                                 getting a proxy for returns on emerging market sovereign
                                                       finally replaced that estimate with a return on an emergin
                                                       computed consistently for emerigng equities and emerign
                                                       yielded a ratio of 1.49 in this computation.)
         Index:        S&P Emerging BMI Index
         Source:       S&P
                       https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-emerging-bmi/#overview
         Period        Five years       (June 30, 2018 - June 30, 2023)
         Interval      Daily
                       S&P
                       Emerging
         Effective dat BMI (USD)        Return
           6/29/2018           278.66
            7/2/2018           276.97         -0.61%
            7/3/2018           276.34         -0.23%
            7/4/2018           275.95         -0.14%
            7/5/2018           275.42         -0.19%
            7/6/2018           276.74          0.48%
            7/9/2018           280.78          1.46%
           7/10/2018           280.99          0.07%
           7/11/2018           278.19         -1.00%
           7/12/2018           280.21          0.73%
           7/13/2018           280.97          0.27%
           7/16/2018           279.62         -0.48%
           7/17/2018           279.92          0.11%
           7/18/2018           279.49         -0.15%
           7/19/2018           277.18         -0.83%
           7/20/2018            279.6          0.87%
           7/23/2018           279.78          0.06%
           7/24/2018           283.12          1.19%
           7/25/2018           285.36          0.79%
           7/26/2018           284.99         -0.13%
           7/27/2018            285.8          0.28%
           7/30/2018           285.23         -0.20%
           7/31/2018           284.45         -0.27%
            8/1/2018           284.25         -0.07%
            8/2/2018            279.7         -1.60%
            8/3/2018           281.25          0.55%
            8/6/2018           280.52         -0.26%
 8/7/2018   282.64    0.76%
 8/8/2018   282.29   -0.12%
 8/9/2018   281.86   -0.15%
8/10/2018   278.02   -1.36%
8/13/2018    272.9   -1.84%
8/14/2018   272.54   -0.13%
8/15/2018   267.17   -1.97%
8/16/2018   267.08   -0.03%
8/17/2018   267.17    0.03%
8/20/2018   270.04    1.07%
8/21/2018   272.32    0.84%
8/22/2018   273.72    0.51%
8/23/2018   272.95   -0.28%
8/24/2018   273.19    0.09%
8/27/2018   278.09    1.79%
8/28/2018   278.17    0.03%
8/29/2018    277.8   -0.13%
8/30/2018    274.1   -1.33%
8/31/2018    273.7   -0.15%
 9/3/2018   271.41   -0.84%
 9/4/2018   269.06   -0.87%
 9/5/2018   264.64   -1.64%
 9/6/2018   263.86   -0.29%
 9/7/2018    265.2    0.51%
9/10/2018   261.57   -1.37%
9/11/2018   259.38   -0.84%
9/12/2018   259.97    0.23%
9/13/2018   263.45    1.34%
9/14/2018   265.69    0.85%
9/17/2018   263.02   -1.00%
9/18/2018   263.51    0.19%
9/19/2018   266.34    1.07%
9/20/2018    267.5    0.44%
9/21/2018   271.01    1.31%
9/24/2018   268.17   -1.05%
9/25/2018   268.01   -0.06%
9/26/2018   269.22    0.45%
9/27/2018   270.15    0.35%
9/28/2018   269.33   -0.30%
 10/1/2018   269.01   -0.12%
 10/2/2018   266.46   -0.95%
 10/3/2018   266.85    0.15%
 10/4/2018   260.81   -2.26%
 10/5/2018    257.9   -1.12%
 10/8/2018   256.75   -0.45%
 10/9/2018   256.09   -0.26%
10/10/2018   254.23   -0.73%
10/11/2018    247.4   -2.69%
10/12/2018   253.49    2.46%
10/15/2018    251.9   -0.63%
10/16/2018   255.35    1.37%
10/17/2018   254.48   -0.34%
10/18/2018   251.58   -1.14%
10/19/2018   251.23   -0.14%
10/22/2018     254     1.10%
10/23/2018   249.04   -1.95%
10/24/2018   247.05   -0.80%
10/25/2018   246.57   -0.19%
10/26/2018   244.58   -0.81%
10/29/2018   243.42   -0.47%
10/30/2018   243.45    0.01%
10/31/2018   248.62    2.12%
 11/1/2018   253.36    1.91%
 11/2/2018   258.59    2.06%
 11/5/2018   257.86   -0.28%
 11/6/2018   257.55   -0.12%
 11/7/2018   259.49    0.75%
 11/8/2018   257.87   -0.62%
 11/9/2018   253.73   -1.61%
11/12/2018     251    -1.08%
11/13/2018   251.24    0.10%
11/14/2018   252.22    0.39%
11/15/2018   255.27    1.21%
11/16/2018   256.94    0.65%
11/19/2018   257.48    0.21%
11/20/2018   253.56   -1.52%
11/21/2018   254.73    0.46%
11/22/2018   254.85    0.05%
11/23/2018   253.18   -0.66%
11/26/2018   254.75    0.62%
11/27/2018   255.45    0.27%
11/28/2018   258.45    1.17%
11/29/2018   260.19    0.67%
11/30/2018   259.87   -0.12%
 12/3/2018   264.88    1.93%
 12/4/2018   264.15   -0.28%
 12/5/2018   261.27   -1.09%
 12/6/2018   255.46   -2.22%
 12/7/2018   256.07    0.24%
12/10/2018   251.09   -1.94%
12/11/2018   251.83    0.29%
12/12/2018   255.38    1.41%
12/13/2018   256.96    0.62%
12/14/2018   254.06   -1.13%
12/17/2018   252.85   -0.48%
12/18/2018   251.73   -0.44%
12/19/2018   252.69    0.38%
12/20/2018   251.11   -0.63%
12/21/2018   249.83   -0.51%
12/24/2018   248.75   -0.43%
12/25/2018   247.97   -0.31%
12/26/2018   248.35    0.15%
12/27/2018   248.88    0.21%
12/28/2018   251.56    1.08%
12/31/2018    252.6    0.41%
  1/1/2019   252.74    0.06%
  1/2/2019   250.55   -0.87%
  1/3/2019   249.51   -0.42%
  1/4/2019   253.63    1.65%
  1/7/2019   256.59    1.17%
  1/8/2019   256.27   -0.12%
  1/9/2019   260.38    1.60%
 1/10/2019   261.42    0.40%
 1/11/2019   261.73    0.12%
 1/14/2019   259.89   -0.70%
 1/15/2019   262.46    0.99%
 1/16/2019   263.41    0.36%
1/17/2019    263.2   -0.08%
1/18/2019   265.39    0.83%
1/21/2019   265.61    0.08%
1/22/2019   263.61   -0.75%
1/23/2019   263.86    0.09%
1/24/2019   265.69    0.69%
1/25/2019   268.05    0.89%
1/28/2019   266.67   -0.51%
1/29/2019   266.91    0.09%
1/30/2019   268.29    0.52%
1/31/2019   272.09    1.42%
 2/1/2019    272.5    0.15%
 2/4/2019   271.94   -0.21%
 2/5/2019   272.94    0.37%
 2/6/2019   272.06   -0.32%
 2/7/2019   270.48   -0.58%
 2/8/2019   269.61   -0.32%
2/11/2019   269.19   -0.16%
2/12/2019   270.82    0.61%
2/13/2019   270.64   -0.07%
2/14/2019   269.57   -0.40%
2/15/2019   267.96   -0.60%
2/18/2019    269.2    0.46%
2/19/2019   269.65    0.17%
2/20/2019   272.34    1.00%
2/21/2019   272.91    0.21%
2/22/2019   275.04    0.78%
2/25/2019   277.46    0.88%
2/26/2019   276.59   -0.31%
2/27/2019   275.53   -0.38%
2/28/2019   273.74   -0.65%
 3/1/2019   274.06    0.12%
 3/4/2019   274.85    0.29%
 3/5/2019   275.89    0.38%
 3/6/2019   276.21    0.12%
 3/7/2019   272.92   -1.19%
 3/8/2019   270.15   -1.01%
3/11/2019   273.23    1.14%
3/12/2019   275.61    0.87%
3/13/2019   275.86    0.09%
3/14/2019   275.32   -0.20%
3/15/2019   277.61    0.83%
3/18/2019    280.8    1.15%
3/19/2019   281.22    0.15%
3/20/2019   280.43   -0.28%
3/21/2019   280.19   -0.09%
3/22/2019   277.12   -1.10%
3/25/2019   274.82   -0.83%
3/26/2019   275.76    0.34%
3/27/2019   274.21   -0.56%
3/28/2019   274.86    0.24%
3/29/2019     278     1.14%
 4/1/2019   280.93    1.05%
 4/2/2019   281.16    0.08%
 4/3/2019   282.96    0.64%
 4/4/2019   283.08    0.04%
 4/5/2019   284.28    0.42%
 4/8/2019   285.17    0.31%
 4/9/2019   286.48    0.46%
4/10/2019   286.99    0.18%
4/11/2019   284.81   -0.76%
4/12/2019   285.02    0.07%
4/15/2019   284.02   -0.35%
4/16/2019   285.97    0.69%
4/17/2019   286.76    0.28%
4/18/2019   286.14   -0.22%
4/19/2019   286.22    0.03%
4/22/2019   285.32   -0.31%
4/23/2019   285.35    0.01%
4/24/2019   284.65   -0.25%
4/25/2019   282.86   -0.63%
4/26/2019   283.43    0.20%
4/29/2019   283.82    0.14%
4/30/2019    283.5   -0.11%
 5/1/2019   283.86    0.13%
 5/2/2019   283.27   -0.21%
 5/3/2019   284.84    0.55%
 5/6/2019   278.99   -2.05%
 5/7/2019   277.66   -0.48%
 5/8/2019   276.15   -0.54%
 5/9/2019    271.4   -1.72%
5/10/2019   272.59    0.44%
5/13/2019   268.06   -1.66%
5/14/2019   267.71   -0.13%
5/15/2019   268.06    0.13%
5/16/2019   267.48   -0.22%
5/17/2019   263.87   -1.35%
5/20/2019    263.5   -0.14%
5/21/2019   264.78    0.49%
5/22/2019   264.58   -0.08%
5/23/2019   260.69   -1.47%
5/24/2019   261.87    0.45%
5/27/2019   262.64    0.29%
5/28/2019    262.7    0.02%
5/29/2019   262.56   -0.05%
5/30/2019   264.84    0.87%
5/31/2019   265.76    0.35%
 6/3/2019   267.73    0.74%
 6/4/2019   267.11   -0.23%
 6/5/2019    266.9   -0.08%
 6/6/2019   266.24   -0.25%
 6/7/2019   267.62    0.52%
6/10/2019   271.12    1.31%
6/11/2019   273.54    0.89%
6/12/2019   272.01   -0.56%
6/13/2019   271.24   -0.28%
6/14/2019   269.28   -0.72%
6/17/2019   268.17   -0.41%
6/18/2019   271.48    1.23%
6/19/2019   274.57    1.14%
6/20/2019   278.46    1.42%
6/21/2019   278.42   -0.01%
6/24/2019   278.24   -0.06%
6/25/2019   276.15   -0.75%
6/26/2019   277.05    0.33%
6/27/2019   278.94    0.68%
6/28/2019   278.97    0.01%
 7/1/2019   281.63    0.95%
 7/2/2019   281.95    0.11%
 7/3/2019   281.64   -0.11%
 7/4/2019   282.85    0.43%
 7/5/2019   281.57   -0.45%
 7/8/2019    278.7   -1.02%
 7/9/2019   277.64   -0.38%
7/10/2019   279.33    0.61%
7/11/2019   280.61    0.46%
7/12/2019   279.48   -0.40%
7/15/2019   281.27    0.64%
7/16/2019   281.73    0.16%
7/17/2019   280.62   -0.39%
7/18/2019   279.81   -0.29%
7/19/2019    280.6    0.28%
7/22/2019   279.47   -0.40%
7/23/2019   279.62    0.05%
7/24/2019   279.79    0.06%
7/25/2019   279.55   -0.09%
7/26/2019   278.28   -0.45%
7/29/2019   277.91   -0.13%
7/30/2019   276.75   -0.42%
7/31/2019   275.61   -0.41%
 8/1/2019   272.25   -1.22%
 8/2/2019   266.96   -1.94%
 8/5/2019   259.26   -2.88%
 8/6/2019    259.7    0.17%
 8/7/2019   259.92    0.08%
 8/8/2019   263.26    1.29%
 8/9/2019    262.2   -0.40%
8/12/2019   260.67   -0.58%
8/13/2019   259.14   -0.59%
8/14/2019   257.42   -0.66%
8/15/2019   256.93   -0.19%
8/16/2019   258.93    0.78%
8/19/2019   260.91    0.76%
8/20/2019   260.98    0.03%
8/21/2019   261.77    0.30%
8/22/2019   259.97   -0.69%
 8/23/2019   259.38   -0.23%
 8/26/2019    256.7   -1.03%
 8/27/2019    257.5    0.31%
 8/28/2019   257.56    0.02%
 8/29/2019   259.07    0.59%
 8/30/2019   262.46    1.31%
  9/2/2019   262.46    0.00%
  9/3/2019   259.61   -1.09%
  9/4/2019   263.96    1.68%
  9/5/2019   266.69    1.03%
  9/6/2019    267.9    0.45%
  9/9/2019   268.11    0.08%
 9/10/2019   267.36   -0.28%
 9/11/2019   269.79    0.91%
 9/12/2019   271.57    0.66%
 9/13/2019   272.89    0.49%
 9/16/2019   272.42   -0.17%
 9/17/2019   270.17   -0.83%
 9/18/2019   270.78    0.23%
 9/19/2019   269.13   -0.61%
 9/20/2019   270.74    0.60%
 9/23/2019   269.63   -0.41%
 9/24/2019   268.47   -0.43%
 9/25/2019   267.12   -0.50%
 9/26/2019   267.94    0.31%
 9/27/2019   266.29   -0.62%
 9/30/2019   265.49   -0.30%
 10/1/2019    264.6   -0.34%
 10/2/2019   263.05   -0.59%
 10/3/2019   263.95    0.34%
 10/4/2019   264.87    0.35%
 10/7/2019   264.13   -0.28%
 10/8/2019   263.49   -0.24%
 10/9/2019   263.48    0.00%
10/10/2019   264.78    0.49%
10/11/2019   268.27    1.32%
10/14/2019   269.52    0.47%
10/15/2019   269.86    0.13%
10/16/2019   270.82    0.36%
10/17/2019   272.41    0.59%
10/18/2019   271.68   -0.27%
10/21/2019   272.54    0.32%
10/22/2019   273.53    0.36%
10/23/2019   272.89   -0.23%
10/24/2019   274.54    0.60%
10/25/2019   274.25   -0.11%
10/28/2019   276.13    0.69%
10/29/2019   276.03   -0.04%
10/30/2019    275.8   -0.08%
10/31/2019    275.7   -0.04%
 11/1/2019   277.63    0.70%
 11/4/2019   280.93    1.19%
 11/5/2019   282.23    0.46%
 11/6/2019   281.51   -0.26%
 11/7/2019   282.97    0.52%
 11/8/2019   280.78   -0.77%
11/11/2019   277.89   -1.03%
11/12/2019   278.21    0.12%
11/13/2019    275.4   -1.01%
11/14/2019   274.89   -0.19%
11/15/2019   276.23    0.49%
11/18/2019   277.09    0.31%
11/19/2019   278.66    0.57%
11/20/2019   277.68   -0.35%
11/21/2019    276.3   -0.50%
11/22/2019   277.19    0.32%
11/25/2019   278.32    0.41%
11/26/2019   277.04   -0.46%
11/27/2019   278.33    0.47%
11/28/2019   277.95   -0.14%
11/29/2019   275.92   -0.73%
 12/2/2019   275.92    0.00%
 12/3/2019   275.33   -0.21%
 12/4/2019   275.61    0.10%
 12/5/2019    277.2    0.58%
 12/6/2019   278.57    0.49%
 12/9/2019   278.99    0.15%
12/10/2019    278.4   -0.21%
12/11/2019    280.7    0.83%
12/12/2019   283.26    0.91%
12/13/2019   286.54    1.16%
12/16/2019   287.16    0.22%
12/17/2019   290.24    1.07%
12/18/2019   292.02    0.61%
12/19/2019   291.46   -0.19%
12/20/2019    291.4   -0.02%
12/23/2019   292.49    0.37%
12/24/2019   292.07   -0.14%
12/25/2019   292.12    0.02%
12/26/2019   292.59    0.16%
12/27/2019   294.52    0.66%
12/30/2019   294.86    0.12%
12/31/2019   294.06   -0.27%
  1/1/2020    294.1    0.01%
  1/2/2020   298.23    1.40%
  1/3/2020   297.17   -0.36%
  1/6/2020   294.22   -0.99%
  1/7/2020   294.75    0.18%
  1/8/2020   293.61   -0.39%
  1/9/2020   297.82    1.43%
 1/10/2020   298.82    0.34%
 1/13/2020   301.32    0.84%
 1/14/2020   301.23   -0.03%
 1/15/2020   300.07   -0.39%
 1/16/2020    300.6    0.18%
 1/17/2020   302.11    0.50%
 1/20/2020   301.43   -0.23%
 1/21/2020   296.95   -1.49%
 1/22/2020   298.18    0.41%
 1/23/2020   295.55   -0.88%
 1/24/2020   294.84   -0.24%
 1/27/2020   290.14   -1.59%
 1/28/2020   291.15    0.35%
 1/29/2020   289.81   -0.46%
 1/30/2020    283.4   -2.21%
 1/31/2020   281.29   -0.74%
  2/3/2020    279.9   -0.49%
 2/4/2020   285.89    2.14%
 2/5/2020   287.12    0.43%
 2/6/2020   289.37    0.78%
 2/7/2020   286.84   -0.87%
2/10/2020   285.51   -0.46%
2/11/2020   288.64    1.10%
2/12/2020   291.18    0.88%
2/13/2020   290.33   -0.29%
2/14/2020   290.05   -0.10%
2/17/2020   290.75    0.24%
2/18/2020   288.17   -0.89%
2/19/2020   290.33    0.75%
2/20/2020   288.73   -0.55%
2/21/2020   286.59   -0.74%
2/24/2020   280.14   -2.25%
2/25/2020   279.68   -0.16%
2/26/2020    276.6   -1.10%
2/27/2020   273.07   -1.28%
2/28/2020   266.59   -2.37%
 3/2/2020   268.94    0.88%
 3/3/2020   272.01    1.14%
 3/4/2020   273.49    0.54%
 3/5/2020   273.31   -0.07%
 3/6/2020   266.81   -2.38%
 3/9/2020   249.58   -6.46%
3/10/2020   253.81    1.69%
3/11/2020   249.68   -1.63%
3/12/2020   232.06   -7.06%
3/13/2020   234.96    1.25%
3/16/2020   218.98   -6.80%
3/17/2020   217.76   -0.56%
3/18/2020    207.3   -4.80%
3/19/2020   203.35   -1.91%
3/20/2020   211.43    3.97%
3/23/2020   199.71   -5.54%
3/24/2020    209.4    4.85%
3/25/2020   217.72    3.97%
3/26/2020   222.85    2.36%
3/27/2020   219.58   -1.47%
3/30/2020   216.78   -1.28%
3/31/2020   220.78    1.85%
 4/1/2020   216.35   -2.01%
 4/2/2020   218.73    1.10%
 4/3/2020   216.77   -0.90%
 4/6/2020   221.78    2.31%
 4/7/2020   228.48    3.02%
 4/8/2020   227.95   -0.23%
 4/9/2020   231.52    1.57%
4/10/2020    231.6    0.03%
4/13/2020   230.69   -0.39%
4/14/2020   233.98    1.43%
4/15/2020   231.54   -1.04%
4/16/2020   230.99   -0.24%
4/17/2020   234.23    1.40%
4/20/2020   234.47    0.10%
4/21/2020   228.79   -2.42%
4/22/2020   231.59    1.22%
4/23/2020   232.52    0.40%
4/24/2020   229.45   -1.32%
4/27/2020    233.3    1.68%
4/28/2020   235.31    0.86%
4/29/2020    239.9    1.95%
4/30/2020   241.39    0.62%
 5/1/2020    239.2   -0.91%
 5/4/2020   232.15   -2.95%
 5/5/2020   234.39    0.96%
 5/6/2020   234.83    0.19%
 5/7/2020   234.54   -0.12%
 5/8/2020    238.3    1.60%
5/11/2020   239.36    0.44%
5/12/2020   237.97   -0.58%
5/13/2020   237.79   -0.08%
5/14/2020    235.7   -0.88%
5/15/2020   235.82    0.05%
5/18/2020   238.72    1.23%
5/19/2020   241.44    1.14%
5/20/2020   243.25    0.75%
5/21/2020   242.92   -0.14%
5/22/2020   236.81   -2.52%
5/25/2020    238.6    0.76%
5/26/2020   242.35    1.57%
5/27/2020    242.7    0.14%
5/28/2020   242.42   -0.12%
5/29/2020    243.9    0.61%
 6/1/2020   249.33    2.23%
 6/2/2020   253.66    1.74%
 6/3/2020   258.21    1.79%
 6/4/2020   258.38    0.07%
 6/5/2020   261.85    1.34%
 6/8/2020   263.39    0.59%
 6/9/2020   263.62    0.09%
6/10/2020   264.12    0.19%
6/11/2020   259.01   -1.93%
6/12/2020   258.13   -0.34%
6/15/2020    254.1   -1.56%
6/16/2020   259.01    1.93%
6/17/2020   260.51    0.58%
6/18/2020   260.85    0.13%
6/19/2020    262.5    0.63%
6/22/2020   262.77    0.10%
6/23/2020    266.4    1.38%
6/24/2020   264.46   -0.73%
6/25/2020   263.75   -0.27%
6/26/2020   261.81   -0.74%
6/29/2020   261.11   -0.27%
6/30/2020   261.23    0.05%
 7/1/2020   262.85    0.62%
 7/2/2020   269.22    2.42%
 7/3/2020    271.7    0.92%
 7/6/2020   278.94    2.66%
 7/7/2020    277.2   -0.62%
 7/8/2020   281.73    1.63%
 7/9/2020   284.11    0.84%
7/10/2020   281.41   -0.95%
7/13/2020   281.77    0.13%
7/14/2020   278.27   -1.24%
7/15/2020   279.57    0.47%
7/16/2020   274.64   -1.76%
7/17/2020   276.79    0.78%
7/20/2020   279.71    1.05%
7/21/2020    284.6    1.75%
7/22/2020   282.72   -0.66%
7/23/2020    282.9    0.06%
7/24/2020   278.11   -1.69%
7/27/2020   280.46    0.84%
7/28/2020     282     0.55%
7/29/2020   283.33    0.47%
7/30/2020   281.89   -0.51%
7/31/2020   281.56   -0.12%
 8/3/2020   281.21   -0.12%
 8/4/2020     284     0.99%
 8/5/2020   287.34    1.18%
 8/6/2020   287.59    0.09%
 8/7/2020   283.29   -1.50%
8/10/2020    282.4   -0.31%
8/11/2020   283.31    0.32%
8/12/2020   283.63    0.11%
8/13/2020   284.13    0.18%
8/14/2020   283.91   -0.08%
8/17/2020   285.83    0.68%
8/18/2020   288.17    0.82%
8/19/2020   286.83   -0.47%
8/20/2020   282.97   -1.35%
8/21/2020   285.62    0.94%
8/24/2020   289.79    1.46%
8/25/2020   290.89    0.38%
8/26/2020   291.85    0.33%
8/27/2020   291.77   -0.03%
8/28/2020    293.3    0.52%
8/31/2020   288.68   -1.58%
 9/1/2020   293.31    1.60%
 9/2/2020   293.01   -0.10%
 9/3/2020   289.95   -1.04%
 9/4/2020   287.88   -0.71%
 9/7/2020   286.14   -0.60%
 9/8/2020   283.75   -0.84%
  9/9/2020    283.7   -0.02%
 9/10/2020   283.08   -0.22%
 9/11/2020   284.65    0.55%
 9/14/2020   287.67    1.06%
 9/15/2020   289.66    0.69%
 9/16/2020   290.88    0.42%
 9/17/2020   288.68   -0.76%
 9/18/2020   288.88    0.07%
 9/21/2020   283.63   -1.82%
 9/22/2020   282.42   -0.43%
 9/23/2020   280.78   -0.58%
 9/24/2020   275.86   -1.75%
 9/25/2020   276.19    0.12%
 9/28/2020   278.96    1.00%
 9/29/2020   278.41   -0.20%
 9/30/2020   281.88    1.25%
 10/1/2020   283.05    0.42%
 10/2/2020   282.19   -0.30%
 10/5/2020   284.37    0.77%
 10/6/2020   287.22    1.00%
 10/7/2020    288.2    0.34%
 10/8/2020   290.51    0.80%
 10/9/2020   292.33    0.63%
10/12/2020   295.73    1.16%
10/13/2020   295.32   -0.14%
10/14/2020    295.6    0.09%
10/15/2020   291.56   -1.37%
10/16/2020   292.97    0.48%
10/19/2020   293.43    0.16%
10/20/2020   295.18    0.60%
10/21/2020   295.88    0.24%
10/22/2020   295.66   -0.07%
10/23/2020   295.77    0.04%
10/26/2020   293.83   -0.66%
10/27/2020   294.45    0.21%
10/28/2020   290.74   -1.26%
10/29/2020    290.9    0.06%
10/30/2020   287.35   -1.22%
 11/2/2020   289.59    0.78%
 11/3/2020   291.27    0.58%
 11/4/2020   295.15    1.33%
 11/5/2020   302.67    2.55%
 11/6/2020   305.09    0.80%
 11/9/2020   309.39    1.41%
11/10/2020   306.37   -0.98%
11/11/2020   305.26   -0.36%
11/12/2020   306.38    0.37%
11/13/2020   307.75    0.45%
11/16/2020   310.62    0.93%
11/17/2020   310.72    0.03%
11/18/2020   312.36    0.53%
11/19/2020   311.08   -0.41%
11/20/2020   313.57    0.80%
11/23/2020   315.65    0.66%
11/24/2020   317.08    0.45%
11/25/2020    314.9   -0.69%
11/26/2020   317.53    0.84%
11/27/2020   318.28    0.24%
11/30/2020   312.62   -1.78%
 12/1/2020    317.3    1.50%
 12/2/2020   317.47    0.05%
 12/3/2020   319.78    0.73%
 12/4/2020    321.8    0.63%
 12/7/2020   322.02    0.07%
 12/8/2020   323.22    0.37%
 12/9/2020   322.69   -0.16%
12/10/2020   322.68    0.00%
12/11/2020   323.02    0.11%
12/14/2020   321.62   -0.43%
12/15/2020   321.77    0.05%
12/16/2020   325.44    1.14%
12/17/2020   328.17    0.84%
12/18/2020    327.2   -0.30%
12/21/2020    323.8   -1.04%
12/22/2020   322.21   -0.49%
12/23/2020   324.62    0.75%
12/24/2020   322.79   -0.56%
12/25/2020   323.16    0.11%
12/28/2020   322.53   -0.19%
12/29/2020   325.84    1.03%
12/30/2020    330.6    1.46%
12/31/2020   331.34    0.22%
  1/1/2021   331.57    0.07%
  1/4/2021   334.34    0.84%
  1/5/2021    337.8    1.03%
  1/6/2021   336.87   -0.28%
  1/7/2021   337.98    0.33%
  1/8/2021   343.78    1.72%
 1/11/2021   342.48   -0.38%
 1/12/2021   344.33    0.54%
 1/13/2021   346.61    0.66%
 1/14/2021   348.89    0.66%
 1/15/2021   346.19   -0.77%
 1/18/2021   347.78    0.46%
 1/19/2021   352.56    1.37%
 1/20/2021   357.12    1.29%
 1/21/2021   357.52    0.11%
 1/22/2021   354.69   -0.79%
 1/25/2021   357.84    0.89%
 1/26/2021   353.68   -1.16%
 1/27/2021   349.28   -1.24%
 1/28/2021   344.95   -1.24%
 1/29/2021   340.73   -1.22%
  2/1/2021   347.93    2.11%
  2/2/2021   353.35    1.56%
  2/3/2021   355.98    0.74%
  2/4/2021    355.5   -0.13%
  2/5/2021   357.29    0.50%
  2/8/2021   359.51    0.62%
  2/9/2021   362.25    0.76%
 2/10/2021   365.49    0.89%
 2/11/2021   367.04    0.42%
 2/12/2021    367.4    0.10%
 2/15/2021   368.84    0.39%
 2/16/2021   369.97    0.31%
 2/17/2021   371.45    0.40%
 2/18/2021    367.1   -1.17%
2/19/2021   368.17    0.29%
2/22/2021   360.27   -2.15%
2/23/2021   360.55    0.08%
2/24/2021   355.64   -1.36%
2/25/2021   355.86    0.06%
2/26/2021   345.68   -2.86%
 3/1/2021   352.43    1.95%
 3/2/2021   350.92   -0.43%
 3/3/2021   355.27    1.24%
 3/4/2021   347.71   -2.13%
 3/5/2021   345.69   -0.58%
 3/8/2021   337.39   -2.40%
 3/9/2021   340.26    0.85%
3/10/2021   342.84    0.76%
3/11/2021    351.1    2.41%
3/12/2021   348.12   -0.85%
3/15/2021   346.23   -0.54%
3/16/2021   348.11    0.54%
3/17/2021   346.81   -0.37%
3/18/2021   347.35    0.16%
3/19/2021   345.31   -0.59%
3/22/2021   345.15   -0.05%
3/23/2021   341.91   -0.94%
3/24/2021   335.12   -1.99%
3/25/2021   332.33   -0.83%
3/26/2021     337     1.41%
3/29/2021   337.71    0.21%
3/30/2021    340.1    0.71%
3/31/2021   339.62   -0.14%
 4/1/2021   344.11    1.32%
 4/2/2021    344.2    0.03%
 4/5/2021   343.95   -0.07%
 4/6/2021   345.97    0.59%
 4/7/2021   344.33   -0.47%
 4/8/2021    345.8    0.43%
 4/9/2021   342.87   -0.85%
4/12/2021   340.05   -0.82%
4/13/2021   339.76   -0.09%
4/14/2021   342.53    0.82%
4/15/2021   343.64    0.32%
4/16/2021   346.25    0.76%
4/19/2021    346.6    0.10%
4/20/2021   346.06   -0.16%
4/21/2021   344.58   -0.43%
4/22/2021   345.69    0.32%
4/23/2021   348.69    0.87%
4/26/2021   350.67    0.57%
4/27/2021    351.2    0.15%
4/28/2021   353.08    0.54%
4/29/2021   353.02   -0.02%
4/30/2021     349    -1.14%
 5/3/2021   347.17   -0.52%
 5/4/2021   344.99   -0.63%
 5/5/2021   344.66   -0.10%
 5/6/2021   346.65    0.58%
 5/7/2021   348.66    0.58%
5/10/2021   347.55   -0.32%
5/11/2021   343.59   -1.14%
5/12/2021   340.16   -1.00%
5/13/2021   335.04   -1.51%
5/14/2021   338.29    0.97%
5/17/2021   339.63    0.40%
5/18/2021   345.37    1.69%
5/19/2021   343.94   -0.41%
5/20/2021   344.45    0.15%
5/21/2021   344.78    0.10%
5/24/2021   344.65   -0.04%
5/25/2021   348.92    1.24%
5/26/2021   350.79    0.54%
5/27/2021   352.03    0.35%
5/28/2021   353.55    0.43%
5/31/2021   357.07    1.00%
 6/1/2021   360.55    0.97%
 6/2/2021   360.82    0.07%
 6/3/2021   359.36   -0.40%
 6/4/2021   359.35    0.00%
 6/7/2021     359    -0.10%
 6/8/2021   358.41   -0.16%
 6/9/2021   357.69   -0.20%
6/10/2021   359.54    0.52%
6/11/2021    359.7    0.04%
6/14/2021   360.42    0.20%
6/15/2021   358.56   -0.52%
6/16/2021   355.87   -0.75%
6/17/2021   354.57   -0.37%
6/18/2021   354.09   -0.14%
6/21/2021   351.85   -0.63%
6/22/2021   350.98   -0.25%
6/23/2021   354.53    1.01%
6/24/2021   356.13    0.45%
6/25/2021   359.35    0.90%
6/28/2021   359.43    0.02%
6/29/2021   358.53   -0.25%
6/30/2021   357.51   -0.28%
 7/1/2021   355.92   -0.44%
 7/2/2021   353.12   -0.79%
 7/5/2021   353.41    0.08%
 7/6/2021   350.16   -0.92%
 7/7/2021   349.27   -0.25%
 7/8/2021   343.35   -1.69%
 7/9/2021   345.29    0.57%
7/12/2021   347.23    0.56%
7/13/2021   349.69    0.71%
7/14/2021   349.57   -0.03%
7/15/2021   351.76    0.63%
7/16/2021   349.79   -0.56%
7/19/2021   344.53   -1.50%
7/20/2021   342.95   -0.46%
7/21/2021   343.74    0.23%
7/22/2021   347.03    0.96%
7/23/2021   342.79   -1.22%
7/26/2021   334.85   -2.32%
7/27/2021   327.16   -2.30%
7/28/2021   331.47    1.32%
7/29/2021   338.17    2.02%
7/30/2021   334.62   -1.05%
 8/2/2021   338.84    1.26%
 8/3/2021   338.05   -0.23%
 8/4/2021   340.17    0.63%
 8/5/2021   339.06   -0.33%
 8/6/2021    336.9   -0.64%
 8/9/2021   337.54    0.19%
8/10/2021   339.36    0.54%
8/11/2021   339.28   -0.02%
8/12/2021   338.21   -0.32%
8/13/2021   336.45   -0.52%
8/16/2021   333.54   -0.86%
8/17/2021   329.49   -1.21%
8/18/2021   330.87    0.42%
8/19/2021   323.88   -2.11%
8/20/2021   321.23   -0.82%
8/23/2021   326.25    1.56%
8/24/2021   333.81    2.32%
8/25/2021   335.47    0.50%
8/26/2021   333.09   -0.71%
8/27/2021   335.25    0.65%
8/30/2021   338.88    1.08%
8/31/2021   343.62    1.40%
 9/1/2021   345.15    0.45%
 9/2/2021   345.18    0.01%
 9/3/2021   346.12    0.27%
 9/6/2021   347.97    0.53%
 9/7/2021   348.89    0.26%
 9/8/2021   345.54   -0.96%
 9/9/2021   343.68   -0.54%
9/10/2021   345.63    0.57%
9/13/2021   344.47   -0.34%
9/14/2021   342.42   -0.60%
9/15/2021   340.71   -0.50%
9/16/2021   337.88   -0.83%
9/17/2021   337.68   -0.06%
9/20/2021   331.06   -1.96%
9/21/2021    332.2    0.34%
9/22/2021   333.07    0.26%
9/23/2021   336.36    0.99%
9/24/2021   334.03   -0.69%
 9/27/2021    334.7    0.20%
 9/28/2021   332.91   -0.53%
 9/29/2021   330.45   -0.74%
 9/30/2021   331.89    0.44%
 10/1/2021   330.75   -0.34%
 10/4/2021   328.07   -0.81%
 10/5/2021   329.39    0.40%
 10/6/2021   327.22   -0.66%
 10/7/2021   333.88    2.04%
 10/8/2021   334.74    0.26%
10/11/2021   335.98    0.37%
10/12/2021   333.96   -0.60%
10/13/2021   335.39    0.43%
10/14/2021   336.43    0.31%
10/15/2021   340.73    1.28%
10/18/2021   340.99    0.08%
10/19/2021   343.88    0.85%
10/20/2021   344.52    0.19%
10/21/2021   342.55   -0.57%
10/22/2021   342.18   -0.11%
10/25/2021   342.85    0.20%
10/26/2021   342.14   -0.21%
10/27/2021   339.39   -0.80%
10/28/2021   337.29   -0.62%
10/29/2021    334.9   -0.71%
 11/1/2021   335.97    0.32%
 11/2/2021   334.32   -0.49%
 11/3/2021   335.12    0.24%
 11/4/2021    336.3    0.35%
 11/5/2021   335.24   -0.32%
 11/8/2021   337.32    0.62%
 11/9/2021   338.32    0.30%
11/10/2021   338.97    0.19%
11/11/2021   341.22    0.66%
11/12/2021   341.98    0.22%
11/15/2021   342.06    0.02%
11/16/2021   342.54    0.14%
11/17/2021   341.62   -0.27%
11/18/2021   337.38   -1.24%
11/19/2021   337.02   -0.11%
11/22/2021   333.63   -1.01%
11/23/2021    332.5   -0.34%
11/24/2021   332.53    0.01%
11/25/2021   333.41    0.26%
11/26/2021   325.05   -2.51%
11/29/2021   323.91   -0.35%
11/30/2021   322.84   -0.33%
 12/1/2021   324.96    0.66%
 12/2/2021   326.52    0.48%
 12/3/2021   323.44   -0.94%
 12/6/2021   322.01   -0.44%
 12/7/2021   326.63    1.43%
 12/8/2021   328.96    0.71%
 12/9/2021   329.87    0.28%
12/10/2021   328.36   -0.46%
12/13/2021   326.16   -0.67%
12/14/2021   324.17   -0.61%
12/15/2021   321.59   -0.80%
12/16/2021   323.85    0.70%
12/17/2021    321.5   -0.73%
12/20/2021   314.64   -2.13%
12/21/2021    319.6    1.58%
12/22/2021   320.72    0.35%
12/23/2021   323.51    0.87%
12/24/2021   323.61    0.03%
12/27/2021   324.19    0.18%
12/28/2021   324.95    0.23%
12/29/2021    322.9   -0.63%
12/30/2021   325.86    0.92%
12/31/2021   327.39    0.47%
  1/3/2022   328.07    0.21%
  1/4/2022   327.93   -0.04%
  1/5/2022   325.46   -0.75%
  1/6/2022   324.43   -0.32%
  1/7/2022   325.81    0.43%
 1/10/2022   328.12    0.71%
 1/11/2022   330.92    0.85%
 1/12/2022    336.3    1.63%
1/13/2022   334.62   -0.50%
1/14/2022   333.92   -0.21%
1/17/2022   334.06    0.04%
1/18/2022    330.6   -1.04%
1/19/2022   330.67    0.02%
1/20/2022   334.27    1.09%
1/21/2022   330.67   -1.08%
1/24/2022   325.07   -1.69%
1/25/2022   322.73   -0.72%
1/26/2022   322.88    0.05%
1/27/2022   319.26   -1.12%
1/28/2022   318.61   -0.20%
1/31/2022   324.16    1.74%
 2/1/2022   325.96    0.56%
 2/2/2022   325.51   -0.14%
 2/3/2022   324.19   -0.41%
 2/4/2022    325.6    0.43%
 2/7/2022   325.87    0.08%
 2/8/2022   327.07    0.37%
 2/9/2022   331.92    1.48%
2/10/2022   333.71    0.54%
2/11/2022   330.42   -0.99%
2/14/2022   325.08   -1.62%
2/15/2022   329.02    1.21%
2/16/2022   332.03    0.91%
2/17/2022   331.18   -0.26%
2/18/2022   328.52   -0.80%
2/21/2022   325.37   -0.96%
2/22/2022   321.67   -1.14%
2/23/2022    321.9    0.07%
2/24/2022   308.29   -4.23%
2/25/2022   313.45    1.67%
2/28/2022   312.85   -0.19%
 3/1/2022   314.65    0.58%
 3/2/2022   312.51   -0.68%
 3/3/2022    312.6    0.03%
 3/4/2022   305.89   -2.15%
 3/7/2022   296.24   -3.15%
 3/8/2022   288.91   -2.47%
 3/9/2022    292.6    1.28%
3/10/2022   294.03    0.49%
3/11/2022   290.22   -1.30%
3/14/2022   282.39   -2.70%
3/15/2022   275.45   -2.46%
3/16/2022   290.45    5.45%
3/17/2022   298.56    2.79%
3/18/2022   300.37    0.61%
3/21/2022    298.5   -0.62%
3/22/2022   302.64    1.39%
3/23/2022   304.24    0.53%
3/24/2022   303.88   -0.12%
3/25/2022   301.17   -0.89%
3/28/2022   301.21    0.01%
3/29/2022   304.05    0.94%
3/30/2022   307.36    1.09%
3/31/2022   304.87   -0.81%
 4/1/2022   307.12    0.74%
 4/4/2022   311.65    1.47%
 4/5/2022   309.92   -0.56%
 4/6/2022    307.1   -0.91%
 4/7/2022   302.59   -1.47%
 4/8/2022   303.61    0.34%
4/11/2022   299.58   -1.33%
4/12/2022   299.17   -0.14%
4/13/2022   300.61    0.48%
4/14/2022   299.93   -0.23%
4/15/2022   299.17   -0.25%
4/18/2022   297.59   -0.53%
4/19/2022   294.92   -0.90%
4/20/2022   294.34   -0.20%
4/21/2022   291.91   -0.83%
4/22/2022   288.94   -1.02%
4/25/2022   281.29   -2.65%
4/26/2022   281.32    0.01%
4/27/2022   281.36    0.01%
4/28/2022   283.63    0.81%
4/29/2022    287.7    1.43%
 5/2/2022   287.11   -0.21%
 5/3/2022   286.72   -0.14%
 5/4/2022   285.45   -0.44%
 5/5/2022   283.43   -0.71%
 5/6/2022   276.92   -2.30%
 5/9/2022   271.36   -2.01%
5/10/2022   269.69   -0.62%
5/11/2022    270.1    0.15%
5/12/2022   264.84   -1.95%
5/13/2022   269.28    1.68%
5/16/2022    269.9    0.23%
5/17/2022    275.8    2.19%
5/18/2022   275.46   -0.12%
5/19/2022   272.17   -1.19%
5/20/2022   276.56    1.61%
5/23/2022   276.66    0.04%
5/24/2022   272.01   -1.68%
5/25/2022   272.47    0.17%
5/26/2022   274.97    0.92%
5/27/2022    278.9    1.43%
5/30/2022   283.68    1.71%
5/31/2022    286.8    1.10%
 6/1/2022   284.32   -0.86%
 6/2/2022   284.52    0.07%
 6/3/2022   283.41   -0.39%
 6/6/2022   286.03    0.92%
 6/7/2022   284.61   -0.50%
 6/8/2022   287.78    1.11%
 6/9/2022   284.72   -1.06%
6/10/2022   281.85   -1.01%
6/13/2022   272.14   -3.45%
6/14/2022   273.59    0.53%
6/15/2022   274.91    0.48%
6/16/2022   270.71   -1.53%
6/17/2022   269.87   -0.31%
6/20/2022   268.97   -0.33%
6/21/2022   273.79    1.79%
6/22/2022   268.32   -2.00%
6/23/2022   269.44    0.42%
6/24/2022   273.15    1.38%
6/27/2022   276.75    1.32%
6/28/2022   276.66   -0.03%
6/29/2022   273.39   -1.18%
6/30/2022   270.16   -1.18%
 7/1/2022   268.42   -0.64%
 7/4/2022   268.43    0.00%
 7/5/2022   267.56   -0.32%
 7/6/2022   264.97   -0.97%
 7/7/2022   268.51    1.34%
 7/8/2022   269.23    0.27%
7/11/2022   264.19   -1.87%
7/12/2022   261.17   -1.14%
7/13/2022    261.8    0.24%
7/14/2022    259.8   -0.76%
7/15/2022    259.3   -0.19%
7/18/2022   263.72    1.70%
7/19/2022    264.4    0.26%
7/20/2022   265.78    0.52%
7/21/2022    266.7    0.35%
7/22/2022   266.48   -0.08%
7/25/2022   265.98   -0.19%
7/26/2022   265.78   -0.08%
7/27/2022   266.66    0.33%
7/28/2022   268.45    0.67%
7/29/2022   267.32   -0.42%
 8/1/2022   268.36    0.39%
 8/2/2022   265.89   -0.92%
 8/3/2022   265.88    0.00%
 8/4/2022   267.97    0.79%
 8/5/2022   269.67    0.63%
 8/8/2022   269.98    0.11%
 8/9/2022   269.94   -0.01%
8/10/2022   269.96    0.01%
8/11/2022   273.68    1.38%
8/12/2022   274.43    0.27%
8/15/2022   274.16   -0.10%
8/16/2022   274.03   -0.05%
8/17/2022   274.42    0.14%
8/18/2022   273.38   -0.38%
 8/19/2022   271.13   -0.82%
 8/22/2022   269.26   -0.69%
 8/23/2022   269.58    0.12%
 8/24/2022    268.7   -0.33%
 8/25/2022   273.05    1.62%
 8/26/2022    273.3    0.09%
 8/29/2022   270.16   -1.15%
 8/30/2022   270.04   -0.04%
 8/31/2022   270.04    0.00%
  9/1/2022   266.43   -1.34%
  9/2/2022   265.78   -0.24%
  9/5/2022   265.18   -0.23%
  9/6/2022   264.02   -0.44%
  9/7/2022    262.8   -0.46%
  9/8/2022    263.1    0.11%
  9/9/2022   266.71    1.37%
 9/12/2022   269.52    1.05%
 9/13/2022   267.82   -0.63%
 9/14/2022   264.52   -1.23%
 9/15/2022   263.36   -0.44%
 9/16/2022   258.71   -1.77%
 9/19/2022   257.75   -0.37%
 9/20/2022   259.27    0.59%
 9/21/2022   255.58   -1.42%
 9/22/2022   253.71   -0.73%
 9/23/2022   249.03   -1.84%
 9/26/2022   244.28   -1.91%
 9/27/2022   245.01    0.30%
 9/28/2022   241.76   -1.33%
 9/29/2022   240.73   -0.43%
 9/30/2022   241.86    0.47%
 10/3/2022   242.13    0.11%
 10/4/2022   247.15    2.07%
 10/5/2022    249.7    1.03%
 10/6/2022   249.86    0.06%
 10/7/2022   246.52   -1.34%
10/10/2022   242.76   -1.53%
10/11/2022   238.05   -1.94%
10/12/2022    238.2    0.06%
10/13/2022   235.74   -1.03%
10/14/2022   237.27    0.65%
10/17/2022   238.83    0.66%
10/18/2022   241.48    1.11%
10/19/2022   237.94   -1.47%
10/20/2022   238.47    0.22%
10/21/2022   238.58    0.05%
10/24/2022   232.55   -2.53%
10/25/2022   232.64    0.04%
10/26/2022   235.08    1.05%
10/27/2022   236.08    0.43%
10/28/2022    232.7   -1.43%
10/31/2022   233.14    0.19%
 11/1/2022   237.78    1.99%
 11/2/2022   239.09    0.55%
 11/3/2022   237.17   -0.80%
 11/4/2022   243.36    2.61%
 11/7/2022    245.9    1.04%
 11/8/2022    245.9    0.00%
 11/9/2022   244.96   -0.38%
11/10/2022   243.72   -0.51%
11/11/2022   252.99    3.80%
11/14/2022    254.5    0.60%
11/15/2022   259.58    2.00%
11/16/2022   257.61   -0.76%
11/17/2022   255.93   -0.65%
11/18/2022   255.38   -0.21%
11/21/2022   252.71   -1.05%
11/22/2022   252.28   -0.17%
11/23/2022   253.28    0.40%
11/24/2022   256.19    1.15%
11/25/2022   254.73   -0.57%
11/28/2022   253.35   -0.54%
11/29/2022   258.19    1.91%
11/30/2022   263.56    2.08%
 12/1/2022   264.58    0.39%
 12/2/2022   264.84    0.10%
 12/5/2022   266.39    0.59%
 12/6/2022   264.55   -0.69%
 12/7/2022   261.37   -1.20%
 12/8/2022   264.12    1.05%
 12/9/2022     265     0.33%
12/12/2022   261.68   -1.25%
12/13/2022   262.49    0.31%
12/14/2022    264.1    0.61%
12/15/2022   260.86   -1.23%
12/16/2022   259.95   -0.35%
12/19/2022   259.83   -0.05%
12/20/2022   258.15   -0.65%
12/21/2022   258.75    0.23%
12/22/2022   260.16    0.54%
12/23/2022   258.07   -0.80%
12/26/2022   258.76    0.27%
12/27/2022   259.57    0.31%
12/28/2022   259.97    0.15%
12/29/2022   260.64    0.26%
12/30/2022   260.42   -0.08%
  1/2/2023   260.49    0.03%
  1/3/2023   262.48    0.76%
  1/4/2023   265.35    1.09%
  1/5/2023   267.16    0.68%
  1/6/2023    268.1    0.35%
  1/9/2023   272.96    1.81%
 1/10/2023   273.58    0.23%
 1/11/2023   274.13    0.20%
 1/12/2023   274.59    0.17%
 1/13/2023   277.44    1.04%
 1/16/2023   277.59    0.05%
 1/17/2023   276.54   -0.38%
 1/18/2023   277.35    0.29%
 1/19/2023   277.03   -0.12%
 1/20/2023   279.04    0.73%
 1/23/2023    279.8    0.27%
 1/24/2023   279.85    0.02%
 1/25/2023   279.63   -0.08%
 1/26/2023   281.96    0.83%
 1/27/2023   280.89   -0.38%
 1/30/2023   279.37   -0.54%
1/31/2023   277.65   -0.62%
 2/1/2023   280.16    0.90%
 2/2/2023   280.39    0.08%
 2/3/2023   278.47   -0.68%
 2/6/2023    273.5   -1.78%
 2/7/2023   273.51    0.00%
 2/8/2023   274.32    0.30%
 2/9/2023   275.18    0.31%
2/10/2023   272.36   -1.02%
2/13/2023   273.02    0.24%
2/14/2023     273    -0.01%
2/15/2023   271.49   -0.55%
2/16/2023   272.37    0.32%
2/17/2023   269.87   -0.92%
2/20/2023   271.38    0.56%
2/21/2023    268.9   -0.91%
2/22/2023    266.1   -1.04%
2/23/2023   266.82    0.27%
2/24/2023   263.04   -1.42%
2/27/2023   262.44   -0.23%
2/28/2023   261.96   -0.18%
 3/1/2023   266.91    1.89%
 3/2/2023   266.11   -0.30%
 3/3/2023   268.01    0.71%
 3/6/2023   269.11    0.41%
 3/7/2023   267.35   -0.65%
 3/8/2023   266.03   -0.49%
 3/9/2023   263.09   -1.11%
3/10/2023   260.03   -1.16%
3/13/2023   260.31    0.11%
3/14/2023   257.08   -1.24%
3/15/2023   256.34   -0.29%
3/16/2023   255.29   -0.41%
3/17/2023    257.3    0.79%
3/20/2023   255.27   -0.79%
3/21/2023   257.87    1.02%
3/22/2023   259.75    0.73%
3/23/2023    263.1    1.29%
3/24/2023   262.02   -0.41%
3/27/2023   260.29   -0.66%
3/28/2023   261.61    0.51%
3/29/2023    264.2    0.99%
3/30/2023   265.65    0.55%
3/31/2023    266.8    0.43%
 4/3/2023   267.08    0.10%
 4/4/2023   266.65   -0.16%
 4/5/2023   266.48   -0.06%
 4/6/2023   266.43   -0.02%
 4/7/2023   266.53    0.04%
4/10/2023    266.7    0.06%
4/11/2023   268.79    0.78%
4/12/2023   268.49   -0.11%
4/13/2023   269.14    0.24%
4/14/2023   269.76    0.23%
4/17/2023   270.72    0.36%
4/18/2023   270.08   -0.24%
4/19/2023   267.46   -0.97%
4/20/2023   267.21   -0.09%
4/21/2023   264.67   -0.95%
4/24/2023   264.33   -0.13%
4/25/2023    261.2   -1.18%
4/26/2023   262.14    0.36%
4/27/2023   263.25    0.42%
4/28/2023   264.77    0.58%
 5/1/2023   264.69   -0.03%
 5/2/2023    263.9   -0.30%
 5/3/2023   263.07   -0.31%
 5/4/2023   264.75    0.64%
 5/5/2023   265.84    0.41%
 5/8/2023   267.91    0.78%
 5/9/2023   265.78   -0.80%
5/10/2023   265.53   -0.09%
5/11/2023   265.05   -0.18%
5/12/2023   264.03   -0.38%
5/15/2023   265.19    0.44%
5/16/2023   265.34    0.06%
5/17/2023   264.23   -0.42%
5/18/2023   264.45    0.08%
5/19/2023   263.67   -0.29%
5/22/2023   264.95    0.49%
5/23/2023   263.52   -0.54%
5/24/2023   261.59   -0.73%
5/25/2023   259.92   -0.64%
5/26/2023   261.86    0.75%
5/29/2023   261.94    0.03%
5/30/2023   261.22   -0.27%
5/31/2023   258.61   -1.00%
 6/1/2023   259.74    0.44%
 6/2/2023   264.87    1.98%
 6/5/2023   265.62    0.28%
 6/6/2023   265.96    0.13%
 6/7/2023    267.9    0.73%
 6/8/2023   267.49   -0.15%
 6/9/2023    269.1    0.60%
6/12/2023   269.38    0.10%
6/13/2023   271.41    0.75%
6/14/2023   272.49    0.40%
6/15/2023   274.97    0.91%
6/16/2023   276.52    0.56%
6/19/2023    275.3   -0.44%
6/20/2023   272.67   -0.96%
6/21/2023   271.08   -0.58%
6/22/2023      270   -0.40%
6/23/2023   267.77   -0.83%
6/26/2023   266.78   -0.37%
6/27/2023   268.27    0.56%
6/28/2023   267.87   -0.15%
6/29/2023   267.24   -0.24%
6/30/2023   268.13    0.33%
u who have followed my attempts to estimate the relative equity market volatility know that I have struggled with
emerging market sovereign bonds, and have used the coefficient of varation in yields to make that estimate. I have
with a return on an emerging market governemnt bond ETF from iShares. The standard deviations are now
 rigng equities and emerigng government bonds. (Using the old yield coefficient of variation approach would have
omputation.)
ging-bmi/#overview
                          Data
Region                    Average of Adj. Default SpreaAverage of Country Risk Premi
Africa                                           6.80%                         9.64%
Asia                                             4.14%                         5.87%
Australia & New Zealand                          1.96%                         2.78%
Caribbean                                        4.18%                         5.92%
Central and South America                        6.16%                         8.74%
Eastern Europe & Russia                          4.37%                         6.20%
Middle East                                      3.64%                         5.17%
North America                                    0.00%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                   1.10%                         1.56%
Total Result                                    4.30%                         6.09%
Average of Equity Risk Premi Average of Corporate Tax Rate
                      14.64%                      26.38%
                      10.87%                      23.77%
                       7.78%                      28.81%
                      10.92%                      17.37%
                      13.74%                      28.30%
                      11.20%                      16.11%
                      10.17%                      11.54%
                       5.00%                      25.00%
                       6.56%                      19.57%
                     11.09%                      21.33%
Country                      GDP (in billions)   Moody's rating   Adj. Default Spread
Angola                          106713.62            B3                   6.95%
Benin                           17401.75             B1                   4.82%
Botswana                        20352.32             A3                   1.28%
Burkina Faso                    18884.62            Caa1                  8.02%
Cameroon                        44341.65             B2                   5.88%
Cape Verde                       1936.00             B3                   6.95%
Congo (Democratic Republic      58065.95             B3                   6.95%
Congo (Republic of)             14616.00            Caa2                  9.63%
Côte d'Ivoire                   70018.72             Ba3                  3.85%
Egypt                           476747.72            B3                   6.95%
Ethiopia                        126783.47           Caa2                  9.63%
Gabon                           21071.74            Caa1                  8.02%
Ghana                           72838.80             Ca                   12.84%
Kenya                           113420.01            B3                   6.95%
Mali                            18827.18            Caa2                  9.63%
Mauritius                       12898.31            Baa3                  2.35%
Morocco                         134181.59            Ba1                  2.68%
Mozambique                      17851.49            Caa2                  9.63%
Namibia                         12607.44             B1                   4.82%
Niger                           13969.61             B3                   6.95%
Nigeria                         477386.12           Caa1                  8.02%
Rwanda                          13312.80             B2                   5.88%
Senegal                         27684.43             Ba3                  3.85%
South Africa                    405869.72            Ba2                  3.22%
Swaziland                        4854.17             B3                   6.95%
Tanzania                        75709.29             B2                   5.88%
Togo                             8126.44             B3                   6.95%
Tunisia                         46664.95            Caa2                  9.63%
Uganda                          45559.20             B2                   5.88%
Zambia                          29784.45             Ca                   12.84%
Africa                        2508479.53                                   6.53%
Bangladesh                      460201.00             B1                  4.82%
Cambodia                        29956.77              B2                  5.88%
China                         17963170.52             A1                  0.75%
Fiji                             4943.25              B1                  4.82%
Hong Kong                       359838.60            Aa3                  0.64%
India                          3385089.88            Baa3                 2.35%
Indonesia                      1319100.22            Baa2                 2.04%
Japan                          4231141.20             A1                  0.75%
Korea                          1665245.54            Aa2                  0.53%
Laos                            15724.38             Caa3                 10.70%
Macao                           21979.48             Aa3                  0.64%
Malaysia                         406305.92       A3    1.28%
Maldives                          6189.87       Caa1   8.02%
Mongolia                         16810.88        B3    6.95%
Pakistan                         376532.75      Caa3   10.70%
Papua New Guinea                 30633.44        B2    5.88%
Philippines                      404284.33      Baa2   2.04%
Singapore                        466788.54      Aaa    0.00%
Solomon Islands                   1595.71       Caa1   8.02%
Sri Lanka                        74403.58        Ca    12.84%
Taiwan                           761690.00      Aa3    0.64%
Thailand                         495340.59      Baa1   1.71%
Vietnam                          408802.38      Ba2    3.22%
Asia                         32905768.8373545           1.23%
Australia                       1675418.67      Aaa    0.00%
Cook Islands                      1414.00       B2     5.88%
New Zealand                      247234.05      Aaa    0.00%
Australia & New Zealand      1924066.71880636           0.00%
Aruba                             3126.02       Baa2   2.04%
Bahamas                          11210.00        B1    4.82%
Barbados                          5637.91       Caa1   8.02%
Bermuda                           7550.50        A2    0.91%
Cayman Islands                    6028.37       Aa3    0.64%
Cuba                             545217.90       Ca    12.84%
Curacao                           2699.61       Baa2   2.04%
Dominican Republic               113641.86      Ba3    3.85%
Jamaica                          17097.76        B2    5.88%
Montserrat                       16199.00       Baa3   2.35%
St. Maarten                      11900.00       Ba2    3.22%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines      8100.00        B3    6.95%
Trinidad and Tobago              27899.08       Ba2    3.22%
Turks and Caicos Islands          1138.81       Baa1   1.71%
Caribbean                    777446.829297369          10.14%
Argentina                        632770.28       Ca    12.84%
Belize                            2824.08       Caa2   9.63%
Bolivia                          43068.89       Caa1   8.02%
Brazil                          1920095.56      Ba2    3.22%
Chile                            301025.25       A2    0.91%
Colombia                         343939.45      Baa2   2.04%
Costa Rica                       68380.84        B2    5.88%
Ecuador                          115049.48      Caa3   10.70%
El Salvador                      32488.72       Caa3   10.70%
Guatemala                        95003.33       Ba1    2.68%
Honduras                         31717.70        B1    4.82%
Mexico                         1414187.19      Baa2   2.04%
Nicaragua                       15671.58        B3    6.95%
Panama                          76522.51       Baa2   2.04%
Paraguay                        41722.30       Ba1    2.68%
Peru                            242631.55      Baa1   1.71%
Suriname                         3620.66       Caa3   10.70%
Uruguay                         71177.15       Baa2   2.04%
Venezuela                       98400.00        C     17.50%
Central and South America   5550296.51136277           4.25%
Albania                         18882.10        B1    4.82%
Armenia                         19502.78       Ba3    3.85%
Azerbaijan                      78721.06       Ba1    2.68%
Belarus                         72793.46        C     17.50%
Bosnia and Herzegovina          24527.51        B3    6.95%
Bulgaria                        89040.40       Baa1   1.71%
Croatia                         70964.61       Baa2   2.04%
Czech Republic                  290923.53      Aa3    0.64%
Estonia                         38100.81        A1    0.75%
Georgia                         24605.38       Ba2    3.22%
Hungary                         178788.57      Baa2   2.04%
Kazakhstan                      220623.00      Baa2   2.04%
Kyrgyzstan                      10930.64        B3    6.95%
Latvia                          41153.91        A3    1.28%
Lithuania                       70334.30        A2    0.91%
Macedonia                       13563.13       Ba3    3.85%
Moldova                         14420.95        B3    6.95%
Montenegro                       6095.98        B1    4.82%
Poland                          688176.61       A2    0.91%
Romania                         301261.58      Baa3   2.35%
Russia                         2240422.44       Ca    12.84%
Serbia                          63501.75       Ba2    3.22%
Slovakia                        115468.80       A2    0.91%
Slovenia                        62117.77        A3    1.28%
Tajikistan                      10492.12        B3    6.95%
Ukraine                         160502.74       Ca    12.84%
Uzbekistan                      80391.85       Ba3    3.85%
Eastern Europe & Russia        5006307.78              7.30%
Abu Dhabi                       299500.00      Aa2    0.53%
Bahrain                         44390.82        B2    5.88%
Iraq                            264182.17      Caa1   8.02%
Israel                          522033.45       A1    0.75%
Jordan                          47451.50        B1    4.82%
Kuwait                          184558.27       A1    0.75%
Lebanon                          23131.94                  C                    17.50%
Oman                             114667.36                Ba2                   3.22%
Qatar                            237295.58                Aa3                   0.64%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)      11000.00                 A3                    1.28%
Saudi Arabia                    1108148.98                A1                    0.75%
Sharjah                          24800.00                 Ba1                   2.68%
United Arab Emirates             507534.92                Aa2                   0.53%
Middle East                    3388694.99                                        1.60%
Canada                          2139840.02                Aaa                   0.00%
United States                  25462700.00                Aaa                   0.00%
North America               27602540.0236738                                     0.00%
Andorra (Principality of)         3330.00                 Baa2                  2.04%
Austria                          471400.07                Aa1                   0.43%
Belgium                          578604.10                Aa3                   0.64%
Cyprus                           28439.05                 Ba1                   2.68%
Denmark                          395403.91                Aaa                   0.00%
Finland                          280825.96                Aa1                   0.43%
France                          2782905.33                Aa2                   0.53%
Germany                         4072191.74                Aaa                   0.00%
Greece                           219065.87                Ba3                   3.85%
Guernsey (States of)              3446.00                 Aa2                   0.53%
Iceland                          27841.65                  A2                   0.91%
Ireland                          529244.87                Aa3                   0.64%
Isle of Man                       6684.23                 Aa3                   0.64%
Italy                           2010431.60                Baa3                  2.35%
Jersey (States of)                4890.00                 Aa3                   0.64%
Liechtenstein                     7186.43                 Aaa                   0.00%
Luxembourg                       82274.81                 Aaa                   0.00%
Malta                            17765.27                  A2                   0.91%
Netherlands                      991114.64                Aaa                   0.00%
Norway                           579267.37                Aaa                   0.00%
Portugal                         251945.38                Baa2                  2.04%
Spain                           1397509.27                Baa1                  1.71%
Sweden                           585939.17                Aaa                   0.00%
Switzerland                      807706.04                Aaa                   0.00%
Turkey                           905987.82                 B3                   6.95%
United Kingdom                  3070667.73                Aa3                   0.64%
Western Europe              20112068.2904464                                     0.96%
Region                    Weighted Average: ERP   Weighted Average: CRP
                                                                    Weighted Average: Default Spreads
Africa                           14.26%                  9.26%                   6.53%
Asia                              6.74%                  1.74%                   1.23%
Australia & New Zealand           5.01%                  0.01%                   0.00%
Caribbean                             19.38%                    14.38%        10.14%
Central and South America             11.03%                     6.03%         4.25%
Eastern Europe & Russia               15.35%                    10.35%         7.30%
Middle East                            7.26%                     2.26%         1.60%
North America                          5.00%                     0.00%         0.00%
Western Europe                         6.37%                     1.37%         0.96%
Global                                 7.13%                     2.13%         1.50%
                    For updating industry average spreadsheets
                                          ERP                Default Spread   Tax rate
Africa & Mid East                       10.24%                   3.69%        20.18%
Australia, NZ & Canada                   5.00%                   0.00%        27.25%
Latin America & Caribbean               12.06%                   4.98%        30.94%
Japan                                    6.07%                   0.75%        23.20%
US                                       5.00%                   0.00%        25.00%
Europe                                   6.37%                   0.96%        24.76%
Emerging Markets                         8.93%                   2.77%        24.54%
Small Asia (No India, China & J          8.05%                   2.15%        23.33%
India                                    8.33%                   2.35%        30.00%
China                                    6.07%                   0.75%        25.00%
Global                                   7.13%                   1.50%        24.75%
Equity Risk Premium    Country Risk Premium   Corporate Tax Rate
                14.86%        9.86%                25.00%
                11.83%        6.83%                30.00%
                 6.82%        1.82%                22.00%
                16.38%       11.38%                28.00%
                13.35%        8.35%                33.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                0.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                30.00%
                18.66%       13.66%                28.00%
                10.46%        5.46%                25.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                22.50%
                18.66%       13.66%                30.00%
                16.38%       11.38%                30.00%
                23.21%       18.21%                25.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                30.00%
                18.66%       13.66%                22.81%
                 8.33%        3.33%                15.00%
                 8.80%        3.80%                31.00%
                18.66%       13.66%                32.00%
                11.83%        6.83%                32.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                22.81%
                16.38%       11.38%                30.00%
                13.35%        8.35%                30.00%
                10.46%        5.46%                30.00%
                 9.57%        4.57%                27.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                27.50%
                13.35%        8.35%                30.00%
                14.86%        9.86%                22.81%
                18.66%       13.66%                15.00%
                13.35%        8.35%                30.00%
                23.21%       18.21%                35.00%
        14.26%                9.26%                27.19%
                11.83%        6.83%                32.50%
                13.35%        8.35%                20.00%
                 6.07%        1.07%                25.00%
                11.83%        6.83%                20.00%
                 5.91%        0.91%                16.50%
                 8.33%        3.33%                30.00%
                 7.89%        2.89%                22.00%
                 6.07%        1.07%                23.20%
                 5.75%        0.75%                25.00%
                20.18%       15.18%                22.81%
                 5.91%        0.91%                22.81%
          6.82%   1.82%    24.00%
         16.38%   11.38%   22.81%
         14.86%   9.86%    25.00%
         20.18%   15.18%   29.00%
         13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
          5.00%   0.00%    17.00%
         16.38%   11.38%   30.00%
         23.21%   18.21%   24.00%
          5.91%   0.91%    20.00%
          7.43%   2.43%    20.00%
          9.57%   4.57%    20.00%
6.74%              1.74%   24.84%
          5.00%   0.00%    30.00%
         13.35%   8.35%    28.43%
          5.00%   0.00%    28.00%
5.01%              0.01%   29.74%
          7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
         11.83%   6.83%    0.00%
         16.38%   11.38%   5.50%
          6.28%   1.28%    0.00%
          5.91%   0.91%    0.00%
         23.21%   18.21%   27.18%
          7.89%   2.89%    22.00%
         10.46%   5.46%    27.00%
         13.35%   8.35%    25.00%
          8.33%   3.33%    27.18%
          9.57%   4.57%    27.18%
         14.86%   9.86%    27.18%
          9.57%   4.57%    30.00%
          7.43%   2.43%    0.00%
19.38%            14.38%   26.12%
         23.21%   18.21%   35.00%
         18.66%   13.66%   27.18%
         16.38%   11.38%   25.00%
          9.57%   4.57%    34.00%
          6.28%   1.28%    27.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    35.00%
         13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
         20.18%   15.18%   25.00%
         20.18%   15.18%   30.00%
          8.80%   3.80%    25.00%
         11.83%   6.83%    25.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    30.00%
         14.86%   9.86%    30.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
          8.80%   3.80%    10.00%
          7.43%   2.43%    29.50%
         20.18%   15.18%   36.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
         29.82%   24.82%   34.00%
11.03%             6.03%   31.61%
         11.83%   6.83%    15.00%
         10.46%   5.46%    18.00%
          8.80%   3.80%    20.00%
         29.82%   24.82%   18.00%
         14.86%   9.86%    10.00%
          7.43%   2.43%    10.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    18.00%
          5.91%   0.91%    19.00%
          6.07%   1.07%    20.00%
          9.57%   4.57%    15.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    9.00%
          7.89%   2.89%    20.00%
         14.86%   9.86%    10.00%
          6.82%   1.82%    20.00%
          6.28%   1.28%    15.00%
         10.46%   5.46%    10.00%
         14.86%   9.86%    12.00%
         11.83%   6.83%    15.00%
          6.28%   1.28%    19.00%
          8.33%   3.33%    16.00%
         23.21%   18.21%   20.00%
          9.57%   4.57%    15.00%
          6.28%   1.28%    21.00%
          6.82%   1.82%    19.00%
         14.86%   9.86%    18.00%
         23.21%   18.21%   18.00%
         10.46%   5.46%    15.00%
15.35%            10.35%   18.49%
          5.75%   0.75%    15.00%
         13.35%   8.35%    0.00%
         16.38%   11.38%   15.00%
          6.07%   1.07%    23.00%
         11.83%   6.83%    20.00%
          6.07%   1.07%    15.00%
           29.82%       24.82%         17.00%
            9.57%       4.57%          15.00%
            5.91%       0.91%          10.00%
            6.82%       1.82%          0.00%
            6.07%       1.07%          20.00%
            8.80%       3.80%          0.00%
            5.75%       0.75%          0.00%
7.26%                    2.26%         15.00%
           5.00%        0.00%          25.00%
           5.00%        0.00%          25.00%
5.00%                    0.00%         25.00%
            7.89%       2.89%          18.98%
            5.61%       0.61%          24.00%
            5.91%       0.91%          25.00%
            8.80%       3.80%          12.50%
            5.00%       0.00%          22.00%
            5.61%       0.61%          20.00%
            5.75%       0.75%          25.00%
            5.00%       0.00%          30.00%
           10.46%       5.46%          22.00%
            5.75%       0.75%          0.00%
            6.28%       1.28%          20.00%
            5.91%       0.91%          12.50%
            5.91%       0.91%          0.00%
            8.33%       3.33%          24.00%
            5.91%       0.91%          0.00%
            5.00%       0.00%          12.50%
            5.00%       0.00%          24.94%
            6.28%       1.28%          35.00%
            5.00%       0.00%          25.80%
            5.00%       0.00%          22.00%
            7.89%       2.89%          21.00%
            7.43%       2.43%          25.00%
            5.00%       0.00%          20.60%
            5.00%       0.00%          18.00%
           14.86%       9.86%          23.00%
            5.91%       0.91%          25.00%
6.37%                    1.37%         24.76%
Tax Rate                Total GDP      Weight
 27.19%             2508479.53369191    2.51%
 24.84%             32905768.8373545   32.98%
 29.74%             1924066.71880636    1.93%
26.12%   777446.829297369    0.78%
31.61%   5550296.51136277    5.56%
18.49%   5006307.78497444    5.02%
15.00%   3388694.99150124    3.40%
25.00%   27602540.0236738   27.66%
24.76%   20112068.2904464   20.16%
24.75%   99775669.5211088
Region   GDP Weight           Weight*Default Spread
Africa                  4.25%                      0.30%
Africa                  0.69%                      0.03%
Africa                  0.81%                      0.01%
Africa                  0.75%                      0.06%
Africa                  1.77%                      0.10%
Africa                  0.08%                      0.01%
Africa                  2.31%                      0.16%
Africa                  0.58%                      0.06%
Africa                  2.79%                      0.11%
Africa                 19.01%                      1.32%
Africa                  5.05%                      0.49%
Africa                  0.84%                      0.07%
Africa                  2.90%                      0.37%
Africa                  4.52%                      0.31%
Africa                  0.75%                      0.07%
Africa                  0.51%                      0.01%
Africa                  5.35%                      0.14%
Africa                  0.71%                      0.07%
Africa                  0.50%                      0.02%
Africa                  0.56%                      0.04%
Africa                 19.03%                      1.53%
Africa                  0.53%                      0.03%
Africa                  1.10%                      0.04%
Africa                 16.18%                      0.52%
Africa                  0.19%                      0.01%
Africa                  3.02%                      0.18%
Africa                  0.32%                      0.02%
Africa                  1.86%                      0.18%
Africa                  1.82%                      0.11%
Africa                  1.19%                      0.15%
                      100.00%
Asia                    1.40%                      0.07%
Asia                    0.09%                      0.01%
Asia                   54.59%                      0.41%
Asia                    0.02%                      0.00%
Asia                    1.09%                      0.01%
Asia                   10.29%                      0.24%
Asia                    4.01%                      0.08%
Asia                   12.86%                      0.10%
Asia                    5.06%                      0.03%
Asia                    0.05%                      0.01%
Asia                    0.07%                      0.00%
Asia                          1.23%   0.02%
Asia                          0.02%   0.00%
Asia                          0.05%   0.00%
Asia                          1.14%   0.12%
Asia                          0.09%   0.01%
Asia                          1.23%   0.03%
Asia                          1.42%   0.00%
Asia                          0.00%   0.00%
Asia                          0.23%   0.03%
Asia                          2.31%   0.01%
Asia                          1.51%   0.03%
Asia                          1.24%   0.04%
                            100.00%
Australia & New Zealand      87.08%   0.00%
Australia & New Zealand       0.07%   0.00%
Australia & New Zealand      12.85%   0.00%
                            100.00%
Caribbean                     0.40%   0.01%
Caribbean                     1.44%   0.07%
Caribbean                     0.73%   0.06%
Caribbean                     0.97%   0.01%
Caribbean                     0.78%   0.00%
Caribbean                    70.13%   9.00%
Caribbean                     0.35%   0.01%
Caribbean                    14.62%   0.56%
Caribbean                     2.20%   0.13%
Caribbean                     2.08%   0.05%
Caribbean                     1.53%   0.05%
Caribbean                     1.04%   0.07%
Caribbean                     3.59%   0.12%
Caribbean                     0.15%   0.00%
                            100.00%
Central and South America    11.40%   1.46%
Central and South America     0.05%   0.00%
Central and South America     0.78%   0.06%
Central and South America    34.59%   1.11%
Central and South America     5.42%   0.05%
Central and South America     6.20%   0.13%
Central and South America     1.23%   0.07%
Central and South America     2.07%   0.22%
Central and South America     0.59%   0.06%
Central and South America     1.71%   0.05%
Central and South America     0.57%   0.03%
Central and South America    25.48%   0.52%
Central and South America     0.28%   0.02%
Central and South America     1.38%   0.03%
Central and South America     0.75%   0.02%
Central and South America     4.37%   0.07%
Central and South America     0.07%   0.01%
Central and South America     1.28%   0.03%
Central and South America     1.77%   0.31%
                            100.00%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.38%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.39%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.57%   0.04%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.45%   0.25%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.49%   0.03%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.78%   0.03%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.42%   0.03%
Eastern Europe & Russia       5.81%   0.04%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.76%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.49%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       3.57%   0.07%
Eastern Europe & Russia       4.41%   0.09%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.22%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.82%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.40%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.27%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.29%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.12%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia      13.75%   0.12%
Eastern Europe & Russia       6.02%   0.14%
Eastern Europe & Russia      44.75%   5.74%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.27%   0.04%
Eastern Europe & Russia       2.31%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.24%   0.02%
Eastern Europe & Russia       0.21%   0.01%
Eastern Europe & Russia       3.21%   0.41%
Eastern Europe & Russia       1.61%   0.06%
                            100.00%
Middle East                   8.84%   0.05%
Middle East                   1.31%   0.08%
Middle East                   7.80%   0.63%
Middle East                  15.41%   0.12%
Middle East                   1.40%   0.07%
Middle East                   5.45%   0.04%
Middle East                                     0.68%                         0.12%
Middle East                                     3.38%                         0.11%
Middle East                                     7.00%                         0.04%
Middle East                                     0.32%                         0.00%
Middle East                                    32.70%                         0.25%
Middle East                                     0.73%                         0.02%
Middle East                                    14.98%                         0.08%
                                              100.00%
North America                                   7.75%                         0.00%
North America                                  92.25%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  0.02%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  2.34%                         0.01%
Western Europe                                  2.88%                         0.02%
Western Europe                                  0.14%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  1.97%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  1.40%                         0.01%
Western Europe                                 13.84%                         0.07%
Western Europe                                 20.25%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  1.09%                         0.04%
Western Europe                                  0.02%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  0.14%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  2.63%                         0.02%
Western Europe                                  0.03%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                 10.00%                         0.24%
Western Europe                                  0.02%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  0.04%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  0.41%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  0.09%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  4.93%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  2.88%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  1.25%                         0.03%
Western Europe                                  6.95%                         0.12%
Western Europe                                  2.91%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  4.02%                         0.00%
Western Europe                                  4.50%                         0.31%
Western Europe                                 15.27%                         0.10%
                                              100.00%
                 Weight *ERP           Weight*CRP           Weight*Default Spread
                               0.36%                0.23%                      0.16%
                               2.22%                0.57%                      0.41%
                               0.10%                0.00%                      0.00%
0.15%   0.11%   0.08%
0.61%   0.34%   0.24%
0.77%   0.52%   0.37%
0.25%   0.08%   0.05%
1.38%   0.00%   0.00%
1.28%   0.28%   0.19%
Weight*ERP           Weight*CRP         Weight * Tax Rate
             0.63%                0.42%                 1.06%
             0.08%                0.05%                 0.21%
             0.06%                0.01%                 0.18%
             0.12%                0.09%                 0.21%
             0.24%                0.15%                 0.58%
             0.01%                0.01%                 0.00%
             0.34%                0.23%                 0.69%
             0.11%                0.08%                 0.16%
             0.29%                0.15%                 0.70%
             2.82%                1.87%                 4.28%
             0.94%                0.69%                 1.52%
             0.14%                0.10%                 0.25%
             0.67%                0.53%                 0.73%
             0.67%                0.45%                 1.36%
             0.14%                0.10%                 0.17%
             0.04%                0.02%                 0.08%
             0.47%                0.20%                 1.66%
             0.13%                0.10%                 0.23%
             0.06%                0.03%                 0.16%
             0.08%                0.05%                 0.13%
             3.12%                2.17%                 5.71%
             0.07%                0.04%                 0.16%
             0.12%                0.06%                 0.33%
             1.55%                0.74%                 4.37%
             0.03%                0.02%                 0.05%
             0.40%                0.25%                 0.91%
             0.05%                0.03%                 0.07%
             0.35%                0.25%                 0.28%
             0.24%                0.15%                 0.54%
             0.28%                0.22%                 0.42%
             0.17%                0.10%                0.45%
             0.01%                0.01%                0.02%
             3.31%                0.58%               13.65%
             0.00%                0.00%                0.00%
             0.06%                0.01%                0.18%
             0.86%                0.34%                3.09%
             0.32%                0.12%                0.88%
             0.78%                0.14%                2.98%
             0.29%                0.04%                1.27%
             0.01%                0.01%                0.01%
             0.00%                0.00%                0.02%
 0.08%    0.02%    0.30%
 0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
 0.01%    0.01%    0.01%
 0.23%    0.17%    0.33%
 0.01%    0.01%    0.03%
 0.10%    0.04%    0.31%
 0.07%    0.00%    0.24%
 0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
 0.05%    0.04%    0.05%
 0.14%    0.02%    0.46%
 0.11%    0.04%    0.30%
 0.12%    0.06%    0.25%
 4.35%    0.00%   26.12%
 0.01%    0.01%    0.02%
 0.64%    0.00%    3.60%
 0.03%    0.01%    0.10%
 0.17%    0.10%    0.00%
 0.12%    0.08%    0.04%
 0.06%    0.01%    0.00%
 0.05%    0.01%    0.00%
16.27%   12.77%   19.06%
 0.03%    0.01%    0.08%
 1.53%    0.80%    3.95%
 0.29%    0.18%    0.55%
 0.17%    0.07%    0.57%
 0.15%    0.07%    0.42%
 0.15%    0.10%    0.28%
 0.34%    0.16%    1.08%
 0.01%    0.00%    0.00%
         14.38%
 2.65%    2.08%    3.99%
 0.01%    0.01%    0.01%
 0.13%    0.09%    0.19%
 3.31%    1.58%   11.76%
 0.34%    0.07%    1.46%
 0.49%    0.18%    2.17%
 0.16%    0.10%    0.37%
 0.42%    0.31%    0.52%
 0.12%    0.09%    0.18%
 0.15%    0.07%    0.43%
 0.07%    0.04%    0.14%
 2.01%   0.74%   7.64%
 0.04%   0.03%   0.08%
 0.11%   0.04%   0.34%
 0.07%   0.03%   0.08%
 0.32%   0.11%   1.29%
 0.01%   0.01%   0.02%
 0.10%   0.04%   0.32%
 0.53%   0.44%   0.60%
 0.04%   0.03%   0.06%
 0.04%   0.02%   0.07%
 0.14%   0.06%   0.31%
 0.43%   0.36%   0.26%
 0.07%   0.05%   0.05%
 0.13%   0.04%   0.18%
 0.11%   0.04%   0.26%
 0.34%   0.05%   1.10%
 0.05%   0.01%   0.15%
 0.05%   0.02%   0.07%
 0.28%   0.10%   0.32%
 0.35%   0.13%   0.88%
 0.03%   0.02%   0.02%
 0.06%   0.01%   0.16%
 0.09%   0.02%   0.21%
 0.03%   0.01%   0.03%
 0.04%   0.03%   0.03%
 0.01%   0.01%   0.02%
 0.86%   0.18%   2.61%
 0.50%   0.20%   0.96%
10.39%   8.15%   8.95%
 0.12%   0.06%   0.19%
 0.14%   0.03%   0.48%
 0.08%   0.02%   0.24%
 0.03%   0.02%   0.04%
 0.74%   0.58%   0.58%
 0.17%   0.09%   0.24%
 0.51%   0.07%   1.33%
 0.17%   0.11%   0.00%
 1.28%   0.89%   1.17%
 0.94%   0.16%   3.54%
 0.17%   0.10%   0.28%
 0.33%   0.06%   0.82%
               0.20%    0.17%    0.12%
               0.32%    0.15%    0.51%
               0.41%    0.06%    0.70%
               0.02%    0.01%    0.00%
               1.98%    0.35%    6.54%
               0.06%    0.03%    0.00%
               0.86%    0.11%    0.00%
               0.39%    0.00%    1.94%
               4.61%    0.00%   23.06%
               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
               0.13%    0.01%    0.56%
               0.17%    0.03%    0.72%
               0.01%    0.01%    0.02%
               0.10%    0.00%    0.43%
               0.08%    0.01%    0.28%
               0.80%    0.10%    3.46%
               1.01%    0.00%    6.07%
               0.11%    0.06%    0.24%
               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
               0.01%    0.00%    0.03%
               0.16%    0.02%    0.33%
               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
               0.83%    0.33%    2.40%
               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
               0.00%    0.00%    0.00%
               0.02%    0.00%    0.10%
               0.01%    0.00%    0.03%
               0.25%    0.00%    1.27%
               0.14%    0.00%    0.63%
               0.10%    0.04%    0.26%
               0.52%    0.17%    1.74%
               0.15%    0.00%    0.60%
               0.20%    0.00%    0.72%
               0.67%    0.44%    1.04%
               0.90%    0.14%    3.82%
Weight* Tax Rate
                0.68%
                8.19%
                0.57%
0.20%
1.76%
0.93%
0.51%
6.92%
4.99%
Country                   GDP (in millions) in 2022   Moody's rating   Sovereign CDS
Abu Dhabi                        299500.00                Aa2              0.70%
Albania                          18882.10                 B1                NA
Andorra (Principality of)         3330.00                Baa2               NA
Angola                           106713.62                B3              10.47%
Argentina                        632770.28                Ca                NA
Armenia                          19502.78                 Ba3               NA
Aruba                             3126.02                Baa2               NA
Australia                       1675418.67                Aaa              0.33%
Austria                          471400.07                Aa1              0.20%
Azerbaijan                       78721.06                 Ba1               NA
Bahamas                          11210.00                 B1                NA
Bahrain                          44390.82                 B2               3.16%
Bangladesh                       460201.00                B1                NA
Barbados                          5637.91                Caa1               NA
Belarus                          72793.46                  C                NA
Belgium                          578604.10                Aa3              0.31%
Belize                            2824.08                Caa2               NA
Benin                            17401.75                 B1                NA
Bermuda                           7550.50                 A2                NA
Bolivia                          43068.89                Caa1               NA
Bosnia and Herzegovina           24527.51                 B3                NA
Botswana                         20352.32                 A3                NA
Brazil                          1920095.56                Ba2              2.88%
Bulgaria                         89040.40                Baa1              1.40%
Burkina Faso                     18884.62                Caa1               NA
Cambodia                         29956.77                 B2                NA
Cameroon                         44341.65                 B2               6.45%
Canada                          2139840.02                Aaa              0.41%
Cape Verde                        1936.00                 B3                NA
Cayman Islands                    6028.37                 Aa3               NA
Chile                            301025.25                A2               1.47%
China                          17963170.52                A1               1.00%
Colombia                         343939.45               Baa2              3.54%
Congo (Democratic Republi        58065.95                 B3                NA
Congo (Republic of)              14616.00                Caa2               NA
Cook Islands                      1414.00                 B2                NA
Costa Rica                       68380.84                 B2               3.33%
Côte d'Ivoire                    70018.72                 Ba3               NA
Croatia                          70964.61                Baa2              1.12%
Cuba                             545217.90                Ca                NA
Curacao                           2699.61                Baa2               NA
Cyprus                           28439.05                 Ba1              1.14%
Czech Republic          290923.53   Aa3     0.45%
Denmark                 395403.91   Aaa     0.19%
Dominican Republic      113641.86   Ba3      NA
Ecuador                 115049.48   Caa3     NA
Egypt                   476747.72    B3    13.19%
El Salvador             32488.72    Caa3   14.88%
Estonia                 38100.81     A1     0.91%
Ethiopia                126783.47   Caa2   28.36%
Fiji                     4943.25     B1      NA
Finland                 280825.96   Aa1     0.26%
France                 2782905.33   Aa2     0.41%
Gabon                   21071.74    Caa1     NA
Georgia                 24605.38    Ba2      NA
Germany                4072191.74   Aaa     0.22%
Ghana                   72838.80     Ca      NA
Greece                  219065.87   Ba3     1.31%
Guatemala               95003.33    Ba1      NA
Guernsey (States of)     3446.00    Aa2      NA
Honduras                31717.70     B1      NA
Hong Kong               359838.60   Aa3     0.54%
Hungary                 178788.57   Baa2    2.02%
Iceland                 27841.65     A2     0.81%
India                  3385089.88   Baa3    1.42%
Indonesia              1319100.22   Baa2    1.53%
Iraq                    264182.17   Caa1    4.80%
Ireland                 529244.87   Aa3     0.36%
Isle of Man              6684.23    Aa3      NA
Israel                  522033.45    A1     0.80%
Italy                  2010431.60   Baa3    1.45%
Jamaica                 17097.76     B2      NA
Japan                  4231141.20    A1     0.26%
Jersey (States of)       4890.00    Aa3      NA
Jordan                  47451.50     B1      NA
Kazakhstan              220623.00   Baa2    1.68%
Kenya                   113420.01    B3     7.85%
Korea                  1665245.54   Aa2     0.41%
Kuwait                  184558.27    A1     0.70%
Kyrgyzstan              10930.64     B3      NA
Laos                    15724.38    Caa3     NA
Latvia                  41153.91     A3     0.95%
Lebanon                 23131.94     C       NA
Liechtenstein            7186.43    Aaa      NA
Lithuania               70334.30     A2     0.95%
Luxembourg                   82274.81    Aaa     NA
Macao                        21979.48    Aa3     NA
Macedonia                    13563.13    Ba3     NA
Malaysia                     406305.92    A3    1.00%
Maldives                      6189.87    Caa1    NA
Mali                         18827.18    Caa2    NA
Malta                        17765.27     A2     NA
Mauritius                    12898.31    Baa3    NA
Mexico                      1414187.19   Baa2   1.88%
Moldova                      14420.95     B3     NA
Mongolia                     16810.88     B3     NA
Montenegro                    6095.98     B1     NA
Montserrat                   16199.00    Baa3    NA
Morocco                      134181.59   Ba1    1.95%
Mozambique                   17851.49    Caa2    NA
Namibia                      12607.44     B1     NA
Netherlands                  991114.64   Aaa    0.21%
New Zealand                  247234.05   Aaa    0.35%
Nicaragua                    15671.58     B3    5.20%
Niger                        13969.61     B3     NA
Nigeria                      477386.12   Caa1   7.50%
Norway                       579267.37   Aaa    0.23%
Oman                         114667.36   Ba2    2.00%
Pakistan                     376532.75   Caa3    NA
Panama                       76522.51    Baa2   1.72%
Papua New Guinea             30633.44     B2     NA
Paraguay                     41722.30    Ba1     NA
Peru                         242631.55   Baa1   1.46%
Philippines                  404284.33   Baa2   1.44%
Poland                       688176.61    A2    1.02%
Portugal                     251945.38   Baa2   0.71%
Qatar                        237295.58   Aa3    0.71%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate o    11000.00     A3     NA
Romania                      301261.58   Baa3   2.33%
Russia                      2240422.44    Ca     NA
Rwanda                       13312.80     B2    5.19%
Saudi Arabia                1108148.98    A1    0.89%
Senegal                      27684.43    Ba3    5.39%
Serbia                       63501.75    Ba2    2.77%
Sharjah                      24800.00    Ba1     NA
Singapore                    466788.54   Aaa     NA
Slovakia                     115468.80    A2    0.54%
Slovenia                     62117.77     A3    0.71%
Solomon Islands                 1595.71    Caa1     NA
South Africa                   405869.72   Ba2     3.71%
Spain                         1397509.27   Baa1    0.79%
Sri Lanka                      74403.58     Ca      NA
St. Maarten                    11900.00    Ba2      NA
St. Vincent & the Grenadin      8100.00     B3      NA
Suriname                        3620.66    Caa3     NA
Swaziland                       4854.17     B3      NA
Sweden                         585939.17   Aaa     0.24%
Switzerland                    807706.04   Aaa     0.28%
Taiwan                         761690.00   Aa3      NA
Tajikistan                     10492.12     B3      NA
Tanzania                       75709.29     B2      NA
Thailand                       495340.59   Baa1    0.79%
Togo                            8126.44     B3      NA
Trinidad and Tobago            27899.08    Ba2      NA
Tunisia                        46664.95    Caa2    7.86%
Turkey                         905987.82    B3     5.05%
Turks and Caicos Islands        1138.81    Baa1     NA
Uganda                         45559.20     B2      NA
Ukraine                        160502.74    Ca      NA
United Arab Emirates           507534.92   Aa2      NA
United Kingdom                3070667.73   Aa3     0.40%
United States                25462700.00   Aaa     0.43%
Uruguay                        71177.15    Baa2    0.95%
Uzbekistan                     80391.85    Ba3      NA
Venezuela                      98400.00     C     11.57%
Vietnam                        408802.38   Ba2     1.73%
Zambia                         29784.45     Ca      NA
Adj. Default Spread Equity Risk PremiumCountry Risk Premium   Corporate Tax Rate
      0.53%                      5.75%        0.75%                15.00%
      4.82%                     11.83%        6.83%                15.00%
      2.04%                      7.89%        2.89%                18.98%
      6.95%                     14.86%        9.86%                25.00%
      12.84%                    23.21%       18.21%                35.00%
      3.85%                     10.46%        5.46%                18.00%
      2.04%                      7.89%        2.89%                25.00%
      0.00%                      5.00%        0.00%                30.00%
      0.43%                      5.61%        0.61%                24.00%
      2.68%                      8.80%        3.80%                20.00%
      4.82%                     11.83%        6.83%                0.00%
      5.88%                     13.35%        8.35%                0.00%
      4.82%                     11.83%        6.83%                32.50%
      8.02%                     16.38%       11.38%                5.50%
      17.50%                    29.82%       24.82%                18.00%
      0.64%                      5.91%        0.91%                25.00%
      9.63%                     18.66%       13.66%                27.18%
      4.82%                     11.83%        6.83%                30.00%
      0.91%                      6.28%        1.28%                0.00%
      8.02%                     16.38%       11.38%                25.00%
      6.95%                     14.86%        9.86%                10.00%
      1.28%                      6.82%        1.82%                22.00%
      3.22%                      9.57%        4.57%                34.00%
      1.71%                      7.43%        2.43%                10.00%
      8.02%                     16.38%       11.38%                28.00%
      5.88%                     13.35%        8.35%                20.00%
      5.88%                     13.35%        8.35%                33.00%
      0.00%                      5.00%        0.00%                25.00%
      6.95%                     14.86%        9.86%                0.00%
      0.64%                      5.91%        0.91%                0.00%
      0.91%                      6.28%        1.28%                27.00%
      0.75%                      6.07%        1.07%                25.00%
      2.04%                      7.89%        2.89%                35.00%
      6.95%                     14.86%        9.86%                30.00%
      9.63%                     18.66%       13.66%                28.00%
      5.88%                     13.35%        8.35%                28.43%
      5.88%                     13.35%        8.35%                30.00%
      3.85%                     10.46%        5.46%                25.00%
      2.04%                      7.89%        2.89%                18.00%
      12.84%                    23.21%       18.21%                27.18%
      2.04%                      7.89%        2.89%                22.00%
      2.68%                      8.80%        3.80%                12.50%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    19.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    22.00%
3.85%    10.46%   5.46%    27.00%
10.70%   20.18%   15.18%   25.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    22.50%
10.70%   20.18%   15.18%   30.00%
0.75%     6.07%   1.07%    20.00%
9.63%    18.66%   13.66%   30.00%
4.82%    11.83%   6.83%    20.00%
0.43%     5.61%   0.61%    20.00%
0.53%     5.75%   0.75%    25.00%
8.02%    16.38%   11.38%   30.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    15.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    30.00%
12.84%   23.21%   18.21%   25.00%
3.85%    10.46%   5.46%    22.00%
2.68%     8.80%   3.80%    25.00%
0.53%     5.75%   0.75%    0.00%
4.82%    11.83%   6.83%    25.00%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    16.50%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    9.00%
0.91%     6.28%   1.28%    20.00%
2.35%     8.33%   3.33%    30.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    22.00%
8.02%    16.38%   11.38%   15.00%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    12.50%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    0.00%
0.75%     6.07%   1.07%    23.00%
2.35%     8.33%   3.33%    24.00%
5.88%    13.35%   8.35%    25.00%
0.75%     6.07%   1.07%    23.20%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    0.00%
4.82%    11.83%   6.83%    20.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    20.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    30.00%
0.53%     5.75%   0.75%    25.00%
0.75%     6.07%   1.07%    15.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    10.00%
10.70%   20.18%   15.18%   22.81%
1.28%     6.82%   1.82%    20.00%
17.50%   29.82%   24.82%   17.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    12.50%
0.91%     6.28%   1.28%    15.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    24.94%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    22.81%
3.85%    10.46%   5.46%    10.00%
1.28%     6.82%   1.82%    24.00%
8.02%    16.38%   11.38%   22.81%
9.63%    18.66%   13.66%   22.81%
0.91%     6.28%   1.28%    35.00%
2.35%     8.33%   3.33%    15.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    30.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    12.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    25.00%
4.82%    11.83%   6.83%    15.00%
2.35%     8.33%   3.33%    27.18%
2.68%     8.80%   3.80%    31.00%
9.63%    18.66%   13.66%   32.00%
4.82%    11.83%   6.83%    32.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    25.80%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    28.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    30.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    22.81%
8.02%    16.38%   11.38%   30.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    22.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    15.00%
10.70%   20.18%   15.18%   29.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
5.88%    13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
2.68%     8.80%   3.80%    10.00%
1.71%     7.43%   2.43%    29.50%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
0.91%     6.28%   1.28%    19.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    21.00%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    10.00%
1.28%     6.82%   1.82%    0.00%
2.35%     8.33%   3.33%    16.00%
12.84%   23.21%   18.21%   20.00%
5.88%    13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
0.75%     6.07%   1.07%    20.00%
3.85%    10.46%   5.46%    30.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    15.00%
2.68%     8.80%   3.80%    0.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    17.00%
0.91%     6.28%   1.28%    21.00%
1.28%     6.82%   1.82%    19.00%
8.02%    16.38%   11.38%   30.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    27.00%
1.71%     7.43%   2.43%    25.00%
12.84%   23.21%   18.21%   24.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    27.18%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    27.18%
10.70%   20.18%   15.18%   36.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    27.50%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    20.60%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    18.00%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    20.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    18.00%
5.88%    13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
1.71%     7.43%   2.43%    20.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    22.81%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    30.00%
9.63%    18.66%   13.66%   15.00%
6.95%    14.86%   9.86%    23.00%
1.71%     7.43%   2.43%    0.00%
5.88%    13.35%   8.35%    30.00%
12.84%   23.21%   18.21%   18.00%
0.53%     5.75%   0.75%    0.00%
0.64%     5.91%   0.91%    25.00%
0.00%     5.00%   0.00%    25.00%
2.04%     7.89%   2.89%    25.00%
3.85%    10.46%   5.46%    15.00%
17.50%   29.82%   24.82%   34.00%
3.22%     9.57%   4.57%    20.00%
12.84%   23.21%   18.21%   35.00%
Region
Middle East
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Africa
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Caribbean
Australia & New Zealand
Western Europe
Eastern Europe & Russia
Caribbean
Middle East
Asia
Caribbean
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Central and South America
Africa
Caribbean
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Asia
Africa
North America
Africa
Caribbean
Central and South America
Asia
Central and South America
Africa
Africa
Australia & New Zealand
Central and South America
Africa
Eastern Europe & Russia
Caribbean
Caribbean
Western Europe
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Caribbean
Central and South America
Africa
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Asia
Western Europe
Western Europe
Africa
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Africa
Western Europe
Central and South America
Western Europe
Central and South America
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Asia
Asia
Middle East
Western Europe
Western Europe
Middle East
Western Europe
Caribbean
Asia
Western Europe
Middle East
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Asia
Middle East
Eastern Europe & Russia
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Middle East
Western Europe
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Asia
Asia
Africa
Western Europe
Africa
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Caribbean
Africa
Africa
Africa
Western Europe
Australia & New Zealand
Central and South America
Africa
Africa
Western Europe
Middle East
Asia
Central and South America
Asia
Central and South America
Central and South America
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Western Europe
Middle East
Middle East
Eastern Europe & Russia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Middle East
Africa
Eastern Europe & Russia
Middle East
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Asia
Africa
Western Europe
Asia
Caribbean
Caribbean
Central and South America
Africa
Western Europe
Western Europe
Asia
Eastern Europe & Russia
Africa
Asia
Africa
Caribbean
Africa
Western Europe
Caribbean
Africa
Eastern Europe & Russia
Middle East
Western Europe
North America
Central and South America
Eastern Europe & Russia
Central and South America
Asia
Africa
Country                        S&P Rating   Moody's rating
Abu Dhabi                         AA+           Aa2
Albania                            B+           B1
Andorra (Principality of)        BBB+          Baa2
Angola                             B-           B3
Argentina                        CCC-           Ca
Armenia                           B+            Ba3
Aruba                             BBB          Baa2
Australia                         AAA           Aaa
Austria                           AA+           Aa1
Azerbaijan                        BB+           Ba1
Bahamas                            B+           B1
Bahrain                           B+            B2
Bangladesh                        BB-           B1
Barbados                           B-          Caa1
Belarus                           NA             C
Belgium                           AA            Aa3
Belize                             B-          Caa2
Benin                              B+           B1
Bermuda                            A+           A2
Bolivia                            B-          Caa1
Bosnia and Herzegovina             B            B3
Botswana                         BBB+           A3
Brazil                            BB-           Ba2
Bulgaria                          BBB          Baa1
Burkina Faso                     CCC+          Caa1
Cambodia                          NA            B2
Cameroon                           B-           B2
Canada                            AAA           Aaa
Cape Verde                         B-           B3
Cayman Islands                    NA            Aa3
Chile                              A            A2
China                              A+           A1
Colombia                          BB+          Baa2
Congo (Democratic Republic o       B-           B3
Congo (Republic of)              CCC+          Caa2
Cook Islands                       B            B2
Costa Rica                         B+           B2
Côte d'Ivoire                     BB-           Ba3
Croatia                          BBB+          Baa2
Cuba                                0           Ca
Curacao                           BBB          Baa2
Cyprus                            BBB           Ba1
Czech Republic          AA-   Aa3
Denmark                AAA    Aaa
Dominican Republic      BB    Ba3
Ecuador                  B-   Caa3
Egypt                    B     B3
El Salvador            CCC+   Caa3
Estonia                AA-     A1
Ethiopia               CCC    Caa2
Fiji                    B+     B1
Finland                AA+    Aa1
France                  AA    Aa2
Gabon                   NA    Caa1
Georgia                 BB    Ba2
Germany                AAA    Aaa
Ghana                   NA     Ca
Greece                 BB+    Ba3
Guatemala               BB    Ba1
Guernsey (States of)    AA    Aa2
Honduras               BB-     B1
Hong Kong              AA+    Aa3
Hungary                BBB-   Baa2
Iceland                  A     A2
India                  BBB-   Baa3
Indonesia              BBB    Baa2
Iraq                     B-   Caa1
Ireland                 AA    Aa3
Isle of Man            N/A    Aa3
Israel                  AA-    A1
Italy                  BBB    Baa3
Jamaica                 B+     B2
Japan                   A+     A1
Jersey (States of)      AA-   Aa3
Jordan                  B+     B1
Kazakhstan             BBB-   Baa2
Kenya                    B     B3
Korea                   AA    Aa2
Kuwait                  A+     A1
Kyrgyzstan              NA     B3
Laos                    NA    Caa3
Latvia                  A+     A3
Lebanon                  D     C
Liechtenstein          AAA    Aaa
Lithuania               A+     A2
Luxembourg                    AAA    Aaa
Macao                          NA    Aa3
Macedonia                      BB-   Ba3
Malaysia                        A-    A3
Maldives                       NR    Caa1
Mali                           NR    Caa2
Malta                           A-    A2
Mauritius                      NR    Baa3
Mexico                        BBB    Baa2
Moldova                        NR     B3
Mongolia                        B     B3
Montenegro                      B     B1
Montserrat                    BBB-   Baa3
Morocco                        BB+   Ba1
Mozambique                    CCC+   Caa2
Namibia                        NR     B1
Netherlands                   AAA    Aaa
New Zealand                   AA+    Aaa
Nicaragua                       B     B3
Niger                          NR     B3
Nigeria                        B-    Caa1
Norway                        AAA    Aaa
Oman                           BB    Ba2
Pakistan                      CCC+   Caa3
Panama                        BBB    Baa2
Papua New Guinea                B-    B2
Paraguay                       BB    Ba1
Peru                          BBB    Baa1
Philippines                   BBB+   Baa2
Poland                          A-    A2
Portugal                      BBB+   Baa2
Qatar                          AA    Aa3
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)     A-    A3
Romania                       BBB-   Baa3
Russia                         NR     Ca
Rwanda                         B+     B2
Saudi Arabia                    A     A1
Senegal                        B+    Ba3
Serbia                         BB+   Ba2
Sharjah                        NA    Ba1
Singapore                     AAA    Aaa
Slovakia                       A+     A2
Slovenia                       AA-    A3
Solomon Islands                  0    Caa1
South Africa                    BB-   Ba2
Spain                            A    Baa1
Sri Lanka                       NA     Ca
St. Maarten                     NA    Ba2
St. Vincent & the Grenadines    NA     B3
Suriname                        Na    Caa3
Swaziland                       NA     B3
Sweden                         AAA    Aaa
Switzerland                    AAA    Aaa
Taiwan                         AA+    Aa3
Tajikistan                       B-    B3
Tanzania                        NA     B2
Thailand                       BBB+   Baa1
Togo                             B     B3
Trinidad and Tobago            BBB-   Ba2
Tunisia                         NA    Caa2
Turkey                           B     B3
Turks and Caicos Islands       BBB+   Baa1
Uganda                           B     B2
Ukraine                        CCC     Ca
United Arab Emirates            AA    Aa2
United Kingdom                  AA    Aa3
United States                  AA+    Aaa
Uruguay                        BBB+   Baa2
Uzbekistan                      BB-   Ba3
Venezuela                       NA     C
Vietnam                         BB+   Ba2
Zambia                          NA     Ca
                                                          GOVERNMENT BOND RATINGS
                                                                In local currency
S&P: These are the S&P sovereign local currency ratings
Moody's: These are the Moody's local currency rating
In red: These are countries where S&P has a rating and Moody's does not. The following lookup table is used to estimate the
Moody's equivalent rating for these countries.
S&P                Moody's
A                  A2
A-                 A3
A+                 A1
AA                 Aa2
AA-                Aa3
AA+                Aa1
AAA                Aaa
B                  B2
B-                 B3
B+                 B1
BB                 Ba2
BB-                Ba3
BB+                Ba1
BBB                Baa2
BBB-               Baa3
BBB+               Baa1
C                  C2
C-                 C3
C+                 C1
CC                 Ca2
CC-                Ca3
CC+                Ca1
CCC                Caa2
CCC-               Caa3
CCC+               Caa1
g lookup table is used to estimate the
Country                          Region
Abu Dhabi                        Middle East
Albania                          Eastern Europe & Russia
Andorra                          Western Europe
Angola                           Africa
Argentina                        Central and South America
Armenia                          Eastern Europe & Russia
Aruba                            Caribbean
Australia                        Australia & New Zealand
Austria                          Western Europe
Azerbaijan                       Eastern Europe & Russia
Bahamas                          Caribbean
Bahrain                          Middle East
Bangladesh                       Asia
Barbados                         Caribbean
Belarus                          Eastern Europe & Russia
Belgium                          Western Europe
Belize                           Central and South America
Benin                            Africa
Bermuda                          Caribbean
Bolivia                          Central and South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina           Eastern Europe & Russia
Botswana                         Africa
Brazil                           Central and South America
Bulgaria                         Eastern Europe & Russia
Burkina Faso                     Africa
Cambodia                         Asia
Cameroon                         Africa
Canada                           North America
Cape Verde                       Africa
Cayman Islands                   Caribbean
Chile                            Central and South America
China                            Asia
Colombia                         Central and South America
Congo (Democratic Republic of)   Africa
Congo (Republic of)              Africa
Cook Islands                     Australia & New Zealand
Costa Rica                       Central and South America
Côte d'Ivoire                    Africa
Croatia                          Eastern Europe & Russia
Cuba                             Caribbean
Curacao                          Caribbean
Cyprus                           Western Europe
Czech Republic                 Eastern Europe & Russia
Democratic Republic of Congo   Africa
Denmark                        Western Europe
Dominican Republic             Caribbean
Ecuador                        Central and South America
Egypt                          Africa
El Salvador                    Central and South America
Estonia                        Eastern Europe & Russia
Ethiopia                       Africa
Fiji                           Asia
Finland                        Western Europe
France                         Western Europe
Gabon                          Africa
Georgia                        Eastern Europe & Russia
Germany                        Western Europe
Ghana                          Africa
Greece                         Western Europe
Guatemala                      Central and South America
Guernsey (States of)           Western Europe
Honduras                       Central and South America
Hong Kong                      Asia
Hungary                        Eastern Europe & Russia
Iceland                        Western Europe
India                          Asia
Indonesia                      Asia
Iraq                           Middle East
Ireland                        Western Europe
Isle of Man                    Western Europe
Israel                         Middle East
Italy                          Western Europe
Jamaica                        Caribbean
Japan                          Asia
Jersey (States of)             Western Europe
Jordan                         Middle East
Kazakhstan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Kenya                          Africa
Korea                          Asia
Kuwait                         Middle East
Kyrgyzstan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Laos                           Asia
Latvia                         Eastern Europe & Russia
Lebanon                        Middle East
Liechtenstein                  Western Europe
Lithuania               Eastern Europe & Russia
Luxembourg              Western Europe
Macao                   Asia
Macedonia               Eastern Europe & Russia
Malaysia                Asia
Maldives                Asia
Mali                    Africa
Malta                   Western Europe
Mauritius               Africa
Mexico                  Central and South America
Moldova                 Eastern Europe & Russia
Mongolia                Asia
Montenegro              Eastern Europe & Russia
Montserrat              Caribbean
Morocco                 Africa
Mozambique              Africa
Namibia                 Africa
Netherlands             Western Europe
New Zealand             Australia & New Zealand
Nicaragua               Central and South America
Niger                   Africa
Nigeria                 Africa
Norway                  Western Europe
Oman                    Middle East
Pakistan                Asia
Panama                  Central and South America
Papua New Guinea        Asia
Paraguay                Central and South America
Peru                    Central and South America
Philippines             Asia
Poland                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Portugal                Western Europe
Qatar                   Middle East
Ras Al Kaminah          Middle East
Republic of the Congo   Africa
Romania                 Eastern Europe & Russia
Russia                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Rwanda                  Africa
Saudi Arabia            Middle East
Senegal                 Africa
Serbia                  Eastern Europe & Russia
Sharjah                 Middle East
Singapore               Asia
Slovakia                       Eastern Europe & Russia
Slovenia                       Eastern Europe & Russia
Solomon Islands                Asia
South Africa                   Africa
Spain                          Western Europe
Sri Lanka                      Asia
St. Maarten                    Caribbean
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   Caribbean
Suriname                       Central and South America
Swaziland                      Africa
Sweden                         Western Europe
Switzerland                    Western Europe
Taiwan                         Asia
Tajikistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Tanzania                       Africa
Thailand                       Asia
Togo                           Africa
Trinidad and Tobago            Caribbean
Tunisia                        Africa
Turkey                         Western Europe
Turkmenistan                   Eastern Europe & Russia
Turks and Caicos               Caribbean
Uganda                         Africa
Ukraine                        Eastern Europe & Russia
United Arab Emirates           Middle East
United Kingdom                 Western Europe
United States                  North America
Uruguay                        Central and South America
Uzbekistan                     Eastern Europe & Russia
Venezuela                      Central and South America
Vietnam                        Asia
Zambia                         Africa
                                                              Moody's
         Default Spread   Updated Default    Country                  12/31/2022 6/30/2023
Rating      (1/1/23)      Spread (6/30/23)                     rating
 A1           86                75           Abu Dhabi          Aa2      0.78%      0.70%
 A2          104                91           Algeria             NA      1.73%      1.59%
 A3          147                128          Angola              B3      6.55%     10.47%
 Aa1          49                43           Australia          Aaa      0.34%      0.33%
 Aa2          60                53           Austria            Aa1      0.24%      0.20%
 Aa3          73                64           Bahrain             B2      2.78%      3.16%
 Aaa           0                 0           Belgium            Aa3      0.37%      0.31%
 B1          551                482          Brazil             Ba2      3.52%      2.88%
 B2          673                588          Bulgaria           Baa2     1.50%      1.40%
 B3          795                695          Cameroon            B2      6.68%      6.45%
 Ba1         306                268          Canada             Aaa      0.36%      0.41%
 Ba2         368                322          Chile               A1      1.76%      1.47%
 Ba3         440                385          China               A1      1.11%      1.00%
Baa1         196                171          Colombia           Baa2     3.65%      3.54%
Baa2         233                204          Costa Rica          B1      4.35%      3.33%
Baa3         269                235          Croatia            Ba2      1.34%      1.12%
 Ca          1468              1284          Cyprus             Ba2      1.33%      1.14%
Caa1         917                802          Czech Republic      A1      0.62%      0.45%
Caa2         1102               963          Denmark            Aaa      0.23%      0.19%
Caa3         1224              1070          Dubai              Aa2      1.26%      1.26%
 NR           NA                NA           Ecuador            Caa3    16.93%        NA
                                             Egypt               B2      8.01%     13.19%
                                             El Salvador         B3     27.46%     14.88%
                                             Estonia             A1      1.76%      0.91%
                                             Finland            Aa1      0.34%      0.26%
                                             France             Aa2      0.42%      0.41%
                                             Germany            Aaa      0.28%      0.22%
                                             Greece              B1      1.97%      1.31%
                                             Guatemala          Ba1      2.28%        NA
Hong Kong     Aa2    0.71%   0.54%
Hungary       Baa3   2.43%   2.02%
Iceland        A3    0.73%   0.81%
India         Baa2   1.67%   1.42%
Indonesia     Baa2   1.75%   1.53%
Iraq          Caa1   4.69%   4.80%
Ireland        A2    0.43%   0.36%
Israel         A1    0.67%   0.80%
Italy         Baa3   1.84%   1.45%
Japan          A1    0.31%   0.26%
Kazakhstan    Baa3   2.70%   1.68%
Kenya          B2    7.60%   7.85%
Korea         Aa2    0.68%   0.41%
Kuwait        Aa2    0.79%   0.70%
Latvia         A3    1.37%   0.95%
Lithuania      A3    1.45%   0.95%
Malaysia       A3    1.24%   1.00%
Mexico         A3    2.11%   1.88%
Morocco       Ba1    2.53%   1.95%
Namibia        B1    3.84%   2.43%
Netherlands   Aaa    0.26%   0.21%
New Zealand   Aaa    0.39%   0.35%
Nicaragua      B3    6.27%   5.20%
Nigeria        B2    8.52%   7.50%
Norway        Aaa    0.28%   0.23%
Oman          Ba1    2.37%   2.00%
Pakistan       B3     NA      NA
Panama        Baa1   1.79%   1.72%
Peru           A3    1.94%   1.46%
Philippines   Baa2   1.64%   1.44%
Poland         A2    1.45%   1.02%
Portugal         Baa3   0.81%   0.71%
Qatar            Aa3    0.79%   0.71%
Romania          Baa3   3.17%   2.33%
Russia           Baa3   6.21%    NA
Rwanda            B2    5.42%   5.19%
Saudi Arabia      A1    0.96%   0.89%
Senegal          Ba3    5.39%   5.39%
Serbia           Ba3    2.93%   2.77%
Slovakia          A2    0.75%   0.54%
Slovenia         Baa1   1.00%   0.71%
South Africa     Baa3   3.51%   3.71%
Spain            Baa1   0.82%   0.79%
Sweden           Aaa    0.26%   0.24%
Switzerland      Aaa    0.17%   0.28%
Thailand         Baa1   0.87%   0.79%
Tunisia           B2    8.69%   7.86%
Turkey            B1    5.30%   5.05%
United Kingdom   Aa2    0.36%   0.40%
United States    Aaa    0.32%   0.43%
Uruguay          Baa2   1.43%   0.95%
Vietnam          Ba3    2.07%   1.73%
Average
Median
CDS %
          Country        6/30/2023
Change
-10.26%   Abu Dhabi        0.70%
-8.09%    Algeria          1.59%
59.85%    Angola          10.47%
-2.94%    Argentina         NA
-16.67%   Australia        0.33%
13.67%    Austria          0.20%
-16.22%   Bahrain          3.16%
-18.18%   Belgium          0.31%
-6.67%    Brazil           2.88%
-3.44%    Bulgaria         1.40%
13.89%    Cameroon         6.45%
-16.48%   Canada           0.41%
-9.91%    Chile            1.47%
-3.01%    China            1.00%
-23.45%   Colombia         3.54%
-16.42%   Costa Rica       3.33%
-14.29%   Croatia          1.12%
-27.42%   Cyprus           1.14%
-17.39%   Czech Republ     0.45%
0.00%     Denmark          0.19%
  NA      Dubai            1.26%
64.67%    Ecuador           NA
-45.81%   Egypt           13.19%
-48.30%   El Salvador     14.88%
-23.53%   Estonia          0.91%
-2.38%    Ethiopia        28.36%
-21.43%   Finland          0.26%
-33.50%   France           0.41%
  NA      Germany          0.22%
-23.94%   Greece        1.31%
-16.87%   Guatamela     2.42%
10.96%    Hong Kong     0.54%
-14.97%   Hungary       2.02%
-12.57%   Iceland       0.81%
2.35%     India         1.42%
-16.28%   Indonesia     1.53%
19.40%    Iraq          4.80%
-21.20%   Ireland       0.36%
-16.13%   Israel        0.80%
-37.78%   Italy         1.45%
3.29%     Japan         0.26%
-39.71%   Kazakhstan    1.68%
-11.39%   Kenya         7.85%
-30.66%   Korea         0.41%
-34.48%   Kuwait        0.70%
-19.35%   Latvia        0.95%
-10.90%   Lebanon        NA
-22.92%   Lithuania     0.95%
-36.72%   Malaysia      1.00%
-19.23%   Mexico        1.88%
-10.26%   Morocco       1.95%
-17.07%   Namibia       2.43%
-11.97%   Netherlands   0.21%
-17.86%   New Zealand   0.35%
-15.61%   Nicaragua     5.20%
  NA      Nigeria       7.50%
-3.91%    Norway        0.23%
-24.74%   Oman          2.00%
-12.20%   Pakistan       NA
-29.66%   Panama        1.72%
-12.35%   Peru            1.46%
-10.13%   Philippines     1.44%
-26.50%   Poland          1.02%
  NA      Portugal        0.71%
-4.24%    Qatar           0.71%
-7.29%    Romania         2.33%
0.00%     Russia           NA
-5.46%    Rwanda          5.19%
-28.00%   Saudi Arabia    0.89%
-29.00%   Senegal         5.39%
5.70%     Serbia          2.77%
-3.66%    Slovakia        0.54%
-7.69%    Slovenia        0.71%
64.71%    South Africa    3.71%
-9.20%    Spain           0.79%
-9.55%    Sri Lanka        NA
-4.72%    Sweden          0.24%
11.11%    Switzerland     0.28%
34.38%    Thailand        0.79%
-33.57%   Tunisia         7.86%
-16.43%   Turkey          5.05%
-10.62%   Ukraine          NA
-12.57%   United King     0.40%
          United States   0.43%
          Uruguay         0.95%
          Venezuela       11.57%
          Vietnam         1.73%
          Zambia           NA
                                                CDS Spread
Country                        Moody's rating
                                                 (6/30/23)
Abu Dhabi                          Aa2             0.70%
Albania                             B1               NA
Andorra (Principality of)          Baa2              NA
Angola                              B3            10.47%
Argentina                           Ca               NA
Armenia                            Ba3               NA
Aruba                              Baa2              NA
Australia                          Aaa             0.33%
Austria                            Aa1             0.20%
Azerbaijan                         Ba1               NA
Bahamas                             B1               NA
Bahrain                             B2             3.16%
Bangladesh                          B1               NA
Barbados                           Caa1              NA
Belarus                             C                NA
Belgium                            Aa3             0.31%
Belize                             Caa2              NA
Benin                               B1               NA
Bermuda                             A2               NA
Bolivia                            Caa1              NA
Bosnia and Herzegovina              B3               NA
Botswana                            A3              NA
Brazil                             Ba2            2.88%
Bulgaria                           Baa1           1.40%
Burkina Faso                       Caa1             NA
Cambodia                            B2              NA
Cameroon                            B2            6.45%
Canada                             Aaa            0.41%
Cape Verde                          B3              NA
Cayman Islands                     Aa3              NA
Chile                               A2            1.47%
China                               A1            1.00%
Colombia                           Baa2           3.54%
Congo (Democratic Republic o        B3              NA
Congo (Republic of)                Caa2             NA
Cook Islands                        B2              NA
Costa Rica                          B2            3.33%
Côte d'Ivoire                      Ba3              NA
Croatia                            Baa2           1.12%
Cuba                                Ca              NA
Curacao                Baa2      NA
Cyprus                 Ba1     1.14%
Czech Republic         Aa3     0.45%
Denmark                Aaa     0.19%
Dominican Republic     Ba3       NA
Ecuador                Caa3      NA
Egypt                   B3    13.19%
El Salvador            Caa3   14.88%
Estonia                 A1     0.91%
Ethiopia               Caa2   28.36%
Fiji                    B1       NA
Finland                Aa1     0.26%
France                 Aa2     0.41%
Gabon                  Caa1      NA
Georgia                Ba2       NA
Germany                Aaa     0.22%
Ghana                   Ca       NA
Greece                 Ba3     1.31%
Guatemala              Ba1       NA
Guernsey (States of)   Aa2       NA
Honduras                B1       NA
Hong Kong              Aa3     0.54%
Hungary                Baa2    2.02%
Iceland                 A2     0.81%
India                  Baa3    1.42%
Indonesia              Baa2    1.53%
Iraq                   Caa1    4.80%
Ireland                Aa3     0.36%
Isle of Man            Aa3       NA
Israel                  A1     0.80%
Italy                  Baa3    1.45%
Jamaica                 B2       NA
Japan                   A1     0.26%
Jersey (States of)     Aa3       NA
Jordan                  B1       NA
Kazakhstan             Baa2    1.68%
Kenya                   B3     7.85%
Korea                  Aa2     0.41%
Kuwait                  A1     0.70%
Kyrgyzstan              B3       NA
Laos                   Caa3      NA
Latvia                  A3     0.95%
Lebanon                 C        NA
Liechtenstein                 Aaa      NA
Lithuania                      A2    0.95%
Luxembourg                    Aaa      NA
Macao                         Aa3      NA
Macedonia                     Ba3      NA
Malaysia                       A3    1.00%
Maldives                      Caa1     NA
Mali                          Caa2     NA
Malta                          A2      NA
Mauritius                     Baa3     NA
Mexico                        Baa2   1.88%
Moldova                        B3      NA
Mongolia                       B3      NA
Montenegro                     B1      NA
Montserrat                    Baa3     NA
Morocco                       Ba1    1.95%
Mozambique                    Caa2     NA
Namibia                        B1      NA
Netherlands                   Aaa    0.21%
New Zealand                   Aaa    0.35%
Nicaragua                      B3    5.20%
Niger                          B3      NA
Nigeria                       Caa1   7.50%
Norway                        Aaa    0.23%
Oman                          Ba2    2.00%
Pakistan                      Caa3     NA
Panama                        Baa2   1.72%
Papua New Guinea               B2      NA
Paraguay                      Ba1      NA
Peru                          Baa1   1.46%
Philippines                   Baa2   1.44%
Poland                         A2    1.02%
Portugal                      Baa2   0.71%
Qatar                         Aa3    0.71%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)    A3      NA
Romania                       Baa3   2.33%
Russia                         Ca      NA
Rwanda                         B2    5.19%
Saudi Arabia                   A1    0.89%
Senegal                       Ba3    5.39%
Serbia                        Ba2    2.77%
Sharjah                       Ba1      NA
Singapore                     Aaa      NA
Slovakia                        A2     0.54%
Slovenia                        A3     0.71%
Solomon Islands                Caa1      NA
South Africa                   Ba2     3.71%
Spain                          Baa1    0.79%
Sri Lanka                       Ca       NA
St. Maarten                    Ba2       NA
St. Vincent & the Grenadines    B3       NA
Suriname                       Caa3      NA
Swaziland                       B3       NA
Sweden                         Aaa     0.24%
Switzerland                    Aaa     0.28%
Taiwan                         Aa3       NA
Tajikistan                      B3       NA
Tanzania                        B2       NA
Thailand                       Baa1    0.79%
Togo                            B3       NA
Trinidad and Tobago            Ba2       NA
Tunisia                        Caa2    7.86%
Turkey                          B3     5.05%
Turks and Caicos Islands       Baa1      NA
Uganda                          B2       NA
Ukraine                         Ca       NA
United Arab Emirates           Aa2       NA
United Kingdom                 Aa3     0.40%
United States                  Aaa     0.43%
Uruguay                        Baa2    0.95%
Uzbekistan                     Ba3       NA
Venezuela                       C     11.57%
Vietnam                        Ba2     1.73%
Zambia                          Ca       NA
CDS Spread adj for US
        0.27%
          NA
          NA
       10.04%
          NA
          NA
          NA
        0.00%
        0.00%
          NA
          NA
        2.73%
          NA
          NA
          NA
        0.00%
          NA
          NA
          NA
          NA
          NA
         NA             Country
       2.45%            Abu Dhabi
       0.97%            Algeria
         NA             Angola
         NA             Argentina
       6.02%            Australia
       0.00%            Austria
         NA             Bahrain
         NA             Belgium
       1.04%            Brazil
       0.57%            Bulgaria
       3.11%            Cameroon
         NA             Canada
         NA             Chile
         NA             China
       2.90%            Colombia
         NA             Costa Rica
       0.69%            Croatia
         NA             Cyprus
   NA    Czech Republic
 0.71%   Denmark
 0.02%   Dubai
 0.00%   Ecuador
   NA    Egypt
   NA    El Salvador
12.76%   Estonia
14.45%   Ethiopia
 0.48%   Finland
27.93%   France
   NA    Germany
 0.00%   Greece
 0.00%   Guatamela
   NA    Hong Kong
   NA    Hungary
 0.00%   Iceland
   NA    India
 0.88%   Indonesia
   NA    Iraq
   NA    Ireland
   NA    Israel
 0.11%   Italy
 1.59%   Japan
 0.38%   Kazakhstan
 0.99%   Kenya
 1.10%   Korea
 4.37%   Kuwait
 0.00%   Latvia
   NA    Lebanon
 0.37%   Lithuania
 1.02%   Malaysia
   NA    Mexico
 0.00%   Morocco
   NA    Namibia
   NA    Netherlands
 1.25%   New Zealand
 7.42%   Nicaragua
 0.00%   Nigeria
 0.27%   Norway
   NA    Oman
   NA    Pakistan
 0.52%   Panama
   NA    Peru
  NA    Philippines
0.52%   Poland
  NA    Portugal
  NA    Qatar
  NA    Romania
0.57%   Russia
  NA    Rwanda
  NA    Saudi Arabia
  NA    Senegal
  NA    Serbia
1.45%   Slovakia
  NA    Slovenia
  NA    South Africa
  NA    Spain
  NA    Sri Lanka
1.52%   Sweden
  NA    Switzerland
  NA    Thailand
0.00%   Tunisia
0.00%   Turkey
4.77%   Ukraine
  NA    United Kingdom
7.07%   United States
0.00%   Uruguay
1.57%   Venezuela
  NA    Vietnam
1.29%   Zambia
  NA
  NA
1.03%
1.01%
0.59%
0.28%
0.28%
  NA
1.90%
  NA
4.76%
0.46%
4.96%
2.34%
  NA
  NA
 0.11%
 0.28%
   NA
 3.28%
 0.36%
   NA
   NA
   NA
   NA
   NA
 0.00%
 0.00%
   NA
   NA
   NA
 0.36%
   NA
   NA
 7.43%
 4.62%
   NA
   NA
   NA
   NA
 0.00%
 0.00%
 0.52%
   NA
11.14%
 1.30%
   NA
            CDS Spread
6/30/2023    net of US
  0.70%       0.27%
  1.59%       1.16%
 10.47%       10.04%
   NA        #VALUE!
  0.33%       0.00%
  0.20%       0.00%
  3.16%       2.73%
  0.31%       0.00%
  2.88%       2.45%
  1.40%       0.97%
  6.45%       6.02%
  0.41%       0.00%
  1.47%       1.04%
  1.00%       0.57%
  3.54%       3.11%
  3.33%       2.90%
  1.12%       0.69%
  1.14%       0.71%
0.45%     0.02%
0.19%     0.00%
1.26%     0.83%
 NA      #VALUE!
13.19%    12.76%
14.88%    14.45%
0.91%     0.48%
28.36%    27.93%
0.26%     0.00%
0.41%     0.00%
0.22%     0.00%
1.31%     0.88%
2.42%     1.99%
0.54%     0.11%
2.02%     1.59%
0.81%     0.38%
1.42%     0.99%
1.53%     1.10%
4.80%     4.37%
0.36%     0.00%
0.80%     0.37%
1.45%     1.02%
0.26%     0.00%
1.68%     1.25%
7.85%     7.42%
0.41%     0.00%
0.70%     0.27%
0.95%     0.52%
 NA         NA
0.95%     0.52%
1.00%     0.57%
1.88%     1.45%
1.95%     1.52%
2.43%     2.00%
0.21%     0.00%
0.35%     0.00%
5.20%     4.77%
7.50%     7.07%
0.23%     0.00%
2.00%     1.57%
 NA         NA
1.72%     1.29%
1.46%     1.03%
1.44%    1.01%
1.02%    0.59%
0.71%    0.28%
0.71%    0.28%
2.33%    1.90%
 NA        NA
5.19%    4.76%
0.89%    0.46%
5.39%    4.96%
2.77%    2.34%
0.54%    0.11%
0.71%    0.28%
3.71%    3.28%
0.79%    0.36%
 NA        NA
0.24%    0.00%
0.28%    0.00%
0.79%    0.36%
7.86%    7.43%
5.05%    4.62%
 NA        NA
0.40%    0.00%
0.43%    0.00%
0.95%    0.52%
11.57%   11.14%
1.73%    1.30%
 NA        NA
Date:                                   Feb-22
Country       Std deviation in Equities (weekly)    sBond
Algeria                       NA                    NA
Angola                        NA                    NA
Argentina                  53.16%                   NA
Bahrain                    12.76%                   NA
Bangladesh                 13.55%                   NA
Bosnia                     15.69%                     NA
Botswana                    2.91%                     NA
Brazil                     45.37%                  26.62%
Bulgaria                   19.80%                   5.37%
Cameroon                      NA                      NA
Chile                      35.37%                  31.58%
China                      25.06%                     NA
Colombia                   37.17%                  31.13%
Costa Rica                 19.85%                     NA
Croatia                    22.53%                     NA
Cyprus                     19.12%                   4.83%
Czech
                           25.16%                  4.64%
Republic
Egypt                      25.49%                    NA
El Salvador                   NA                     NA
Estonia                    20.67%                    NA
Ghana                      12.93%                    NA
Greece                     43.44%                  26.37%
Guatemela                     NA                     NA
Hungary                    29.53%                  31.76%
India                      33.13%                  10.74%
Indonesia                  27.23%                  13.94%
Iraq                          NA                     NA
Israel                     26.63%                  47.43%
Italy                      33.16%                  15.55%
Jamaica                     8.81%                    NA
Jordan                      9.77%                    NA
Kazakhastan                  NA                     NA
Kenya                      19.39%                   NA
Kuwait                     28.60%                   NA
Laos                        9.15%                   NA
Latvia         25.92%      NA
Lebanon        15.14%   12.99%
Lithuania      16.49%   16.98%
Macedonia      25.53%      NA
Malaysia       19.59%    7.04%
Malta          14.30%      NA
Mauritius      23.46%      NA
Mexico         25.12%   17.21%
Mongolia       18.99%      NA
Montenegro     16.30%    NA
Morocco        20.15%     NA
Namibia         8.95%     NA
Nigeria        18.29%   20.56%
Oman           11.35%     NA
Pakistan       26.57%   14.04%
Palestine       8.35%     NA
Panama         10.82%     NA
Peru           21.56%   24.77%
Philippines    33.62%   29.83%
Qatar          18.63%     NA
Romania        24.24%   23.64%
Russia         25.91%   17.26%
Rwanda            NA      NA
Saudi Arabia   17.96%   27.96%
Senegal          NA       NA
Serbia         10.74%     NA
Singapore      22.75%     NA
Slovakia       21.07%     NA
Slovenia       20.75%   5.00%
South Africa   29.99%   17.86%
Sri Lanka      26.71%     NA
Taiwan         21.51%     NA
Tanzania       10.61%     NA
Thailand       30.12%   31.01%
Tunisia        10.57%     NA
Turkey         26.30%   16.22%
UAE            28.20%     NA
Ukraine         5.97%   13.34%
Uruguay       NA     NA
US          33.85%   NA
Venezuela   64.98%   NA
Vietnam     26.12%   NA
Zambia        NA     NA
Average
Median
Median
sEquity/ sBond   s (CDS)     CDS    CV(CDS)    sEquity/ sCDS
    NA           0.17%      1.10%     15.45%       NA
    NA           0.68%      7.50%      9.07%       NA
    NA           3.70%     19.55%     18.93%      2.81
    NA           0.45%      3.18%     14.15%      0.90
    NA             NA       NA         NA          NA
     NA            NA        NA          NA        NA
     NA            NA        NA          NA        NA
    1.70         0.38%     2.15%      17.67%      2.57
    3.69         0.43%     0.70%      61.43%      0.32
     NA          0.34%     5.87%       5.79%       NA
    1.12         0.31%     0.90%      34.44%      1.03
     NA          0.51%     0.56%      91.07%      0.28
    1.19         0.41%     1.52%      26.97%      1.38
     NA          0.39%     6.13%       6.36%      3.12
     NA          0.35%     1.28%      27.34%      0.82
    3.96         0.49%     1.19%      41.18%      0.46
    5.42         0.43%     0.51%      84.31%      0.30
     NA          0.37%     4.08%       9.07%      2.81
     NA          0.50%     7.78%       6.43%       NA
     NA          0.52%     0.70%      74.29%      0.28
     NA          0.54%     5.08%      10.63%      1.22
    1.65         0.33%     1.61%      20.50%      2.12
     NA          0.27%     2.15%      12.56%       NA
    0.93         0.22%     0.94%      23.40%      1.26
    3.08         0.38%     1.24%      30.65%      1.08
    1.95         0.41%     1.28%      32.03%      0.85
     NA          0.47%     6.98%       6.73%       NA
    0.56         0.32%     0.77%      41.56%      0.64
    2.13         0.35%     1.43%      24.48%      1.35
     NA            NA        NA          NA        NA
     NA            NA        NA          NA        NA
    NA           0.32%     0.99%      32.32%       NA
    NA           0.34%     4.06%       8.37%      2.32
    NA           0.25%     0.75%      33.33%      0.86
    NA             NA        NA          NA        NA
 NA    0.11%   0.93%    11.83%   2.19
1.17     NA      NA       NA      NA
0.97   0.12%   0.90%    13.33%   1.24
 NA      NA      NA       NA      NA
2.78   0.45%   0.70%    64.29%   0.30
 NA      NA      NA       NA      NA
 NA      NA      NA       NA      NA
1.46   0.43%   1.45%    29.66%   0.85
 NA      NA      NA       NA      NA
NA      NA      NA       NA      NA
 NA    0.36%   1.56%    23.08%   0.87
 NA      NA      NA        NA     NA
0.89   0.40%   3.59%    11.14%   1.64
 NA    0.32%   3.90%     8.21%   1.38
1.89   0.27%   4.51%     5.99%   4.44
 NA      NA      NA        NA     NA
 NA    0.32%   0.95%    33.68%   0.32
0.87   0.32%   1.04%    30.77%   0.70
1.13   0.42%   0.67%    62.69%   0.54
 NA    0.45%   0.74%    60.81%   0.31
1.03   0.43%   1.22%    35.25%   0.69
1.50   0.56%   1.47%    38.10%   0.68
 NA    0.47%   3.72%    12.63%    NA
0.64   0.47%   1.12%    41.96%   0.43
 NA    0.54%   2.94%    18.37%    NA
 NA    0.16%   1.61%     9.94%   1.08
 NA      NA      NA        NA     NA
 NA    0.22%   0.79%    27.85%   0.76
4.15   0.21%   1.06%    19.81%   1.05
1.68   0.26%   2.93%    8.87%    3.38
 NA    0.48%   12.19%    3.94%   6.78
 NA      NA       NA       NA     NA
 NA      NA       NA       NA     NA
0.97   0.37%    0.62%   59.68%   0.50
 NA    0.48%    4.85%    9.90%   1.07
1.62   0.52%    3.31%   15.71%   1.67
 NA      NA       NA       NA     NA
0.45   0.36%    4.18%    8.61%   0.69
 NA    0.58%   1.27%   45.67%    NA
 NA      NA      NA      NA      NA
 NA      NA      NA      NA      NA
 NA    0.32%   1.49%   21.48%   1.22
 NA    0.54%     NA      NA      NA
1.81                            1.35
1.48                            1.03
1.49                            1.03
Country                       GDP (in millions) in 2022
Abu Dhabi                                            299500
Albania                                               18882 Source:   World Bank
Andorra (Principality of)                               3330 Year           2022
Angola                                               106714
Argentina                                            632770
Armenia                                               19503
Aruba                                                   3126
Australia                                           1675419
Austria                                              471400
Azerbaijan                                            78721
Bahamas                                               11210
Bahrain                                               44391
Bangladesh                                           460201
Barbados                                                5638
Belarus                                               72793
Belgium                                              578604
Belize                                                  2824
Benin                                                 17402
Bermuda                                                 7551
Bolivia                                               43069
Bosnia and Herzegovina                                24528
Botswana                                              20352
Brazil                                              1920096
Bulgaria                                              89040
Burkina Faso                                          18885
Cambodia                                              29957
Cameroon                                              44342
Canada                                              2139840
Cape Verde                                              1936
Cayman Islands                                          6028
Chile                                                301025
China                                              17963171
Colombia                                             343939
Congo (Democratic Republic of                         58066
Congo (Republic of)                                   14616
Cook Islands                                            1414
Costa Rica                                            68381
Côte d'Ivoire                                         70019
Croatia                                               70965
Cuba                                                 545218
Curacao                                                 2700
Cyprus                                                28439
Czech Republic          290924
Denmark                 395404
Dominican Republic      113642
Ecuador                 115049
Egypt                   476748
El Salvador              32489
Estonia                  38101
Ethiopia                126783
Fiji                      4943
Finland                 280826
France                 2782905
Gabon                    21072
Georgia                  24605
Germany                4072192
Ghana                    72839
Greece                  219066
Guatemala                95003
Guernsey (States of)      3446
Honduras                 31718
Hong Kong               359839
Hungary                 178789
Iceland                  27842
India                  3385090
Indonesia              1319100
Iraq                    264182
Ireland                 529245
Isle of Man               6684
Israel                  522033
Italy                  2010432
Jamaica                  17098
Japan                  4231141
Jersey (States of)        4890
Jordan                   47451
Kazakhstan              220623
Kenya                   113420
Korea                  1665246
Kuwait                  184558
Kyrgyzstan               10931
Laos                     15724
Latvia                   41154
Lebanon                  23132
Liechtenstein             7186
Lithuania                70334
Luxembourg                      82275
Macao                           21979
Macedonia                       13563
Malaysia                       406306
Maldives                         6190
Mali                            18827
Malta                           17765
Mauritius                       12898
Mexico                        1414187
Moldova                         14421
Mongolia                        16811
Montenegro                       6096
Montserrat                      16199
Morocco                        134182
Mozambique                      17851
Namibia                         12607
Netherlands                    991115
New Zealand                    247234
Nicaragua                       15672
Niger                           13970
Nigeria                        477386
Norway                         579267
Oman                           114667
Pakistan                       376533
Panama                          76523
Papua New Guinea                30633
Paraguay                        41722
Peru                           242632
Philippines                    404284
Poland                         688177
Portugal                       251945
Qatar                          237296
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)     11000
Romania                        301262
Russia                        2240422
Rwanda                          13313
Saudi Arabia                  1108149
Senegal                         27684
Serbia                          63502
Sharjah                         24800
Singapore                      466789
Slovakia                       115469
Slovenia                        62118
Solomon Islands                    1596
South Africa                     405870
Spain                           1397509
Sri Lanka                         74404
St. Maarten                       11900
St. Vincent & the Grenadines       8100
Suriname                           3621
Swaziland                          4854
Sweden                           585939
Switzerland                      807706
Taiwan                           761690
Tajikistan                        10492
Tanzania                          75709
Thailand                         495341
Togo                               8126
Trinidad and Tobago               27899
Tunisia                           46665
Turkey                           905988
Turks and Caicos Islands           1139
Uganda                            45559
Ukraine                          160503
United Arab Emirates             507535
United Kingdom                  3070668
United States of America       25462700
Uruguay                           71177
Uzbekistan                        80392
Venezuela                         98400
Vietnam                          408802
Zambia                            29784
Algeria                          191913
Brunei                            14010
Gambia                             2038
Guinea                            21228
Guinea-Bissau                      1634
Guyana                            15358
Haiti                             20254
Iran                             388544
Korea, D.P.R.                     28500
Liberia                            4001
Libya                             45752
Madagascar                        14955
Malawi            13165
Myanmar           59364
Sierra Leone       3970
Somalia            8126
Sudan             51662
Syria             11159
Yemen, Republic   21610
Zimbabwe          20678
Country Name                          2022
Afghanistan                  14583.13523657
Africa Eastern and Southern 1169483.734191
Africa Western and Central   877863.2848741
Albania                      18882.09551788
Algeria                      191912.8894209
American Samoa                         709
Andorra                      3352.032737039
Angola                       106713.6187354
Antigua and Barbuda          1757.603703704
Arab World                   3557557.256271
Argentina                    632770.2844085
Armenia                      19502.78398788
Aruba                        3126.019385475
Australia                    1675418.665067
Austria                      471400.0660912
Azerbaijan                   78721.05882353
Bahamas, The                        12897.4
Bahrain                      44390.82047872
Bangladesh                   460201.0000951
Barbados                     5637.914514638
Belarus                      72793.45758844
Belgium                      578604.1031233
Belize                       2824.081836199
Benin                        17401.74630927
Bermuda                              7550.5
Bhutan                       2539.551327483
Bolivia                      43068.88567294
Bosnia and Herzegovina        24527.5072878
Botswana                     20352.32215715
Brazil                       1920095.560995
British Virgin Islands                   0
Brunei Darussalam            16681.53164573
Bulgaria                     89040.39840637
Burkina Faso                 18884.61961344
Burundi                      3073.414677844
Cabo Verde                   2314.816792063
Cambodia                     29956.76952943
Cameroon                     44341.64650922
Canada                       2139840.023674
Caribbean small states       92935.64597296
Cayman Islands               6028.373541474
Central African Republic     2382.618615356
Central Europe and the Baltic 1946330.897134
Chad                           12704.14984
Channel Islands                11735.66221978
Chile                          301025.2494379
China                          17963170.52108
Colombia                       343939.4452595
Comoros                        1242.519407278
Congo, Dem. Rep.               58065.95357332
Congo, Rep.                    14615.53221005
Costa Rica                     68380.83831628
Côte d'Ivoire                    70018.7150167
Croatia                        70964.60646464
Cuba                                  545217.9
Curacao                        2699.612458101
Cyprus                         28439.05274086
Czechia                        290923.5347005
Denmark                          395403.906582
Djibouti                       3515.109075461
Dominica                       612.0481481481
Dominican Republic               113641.857434
Early-demographic dividend 14029514.12909
East Asia & Pacific              30655246.0303
East Asia & Pacific (excludin 21189324.40915
East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBR 21162883.16
Ecuador                             115049.476
Egypt, Arab Rep.               476747.7203647
El Salvador                           32488.72
Equatorial Guinea              11813.90844781
Eritrea                                     0
Estonia                        38100.81295852
Eswatini                       4854.167638
Ethiopia                       126783.4725011
Euro area                      14040893.54659
Europe & Central Asia          25192037.59485
Europe & Central Asia (exclu     4124699.98083
Europe & Central Asia (IDA & 5185102.776
European Union                 16641391.92381
Faroe Islands                  3649.878680228
Fiji                           4943.248200044
Finland                        280825.9577685
Fragile and conflict affected s 1891789.706612
France                         2782905.325625
French Polynesia                 6080.35930529
Gabon                         21071.73922794
Gambia, The                    2273.06086314
Georgia                       24605.37542007
Germany                        4072191.73609
Ghana                         72838.79878771
Gibraltar                                  0
Greece                        219065.8724662
Greenland                     3235.816195066
Grenada                       1256.413185185
Guam                                    6123
Guatemala                     95003.33338119
Guinea                        21227.74938873
Guinea-Bissau                 1633.559092066
Guyana                        15357.53706834
Haiti                         20253.55188521
Heavily indebted poor countri 970109.9818039
High income                   61535768.88082
Honduras                      31717.70011525
Hong Kong SAR, China          359838.5988061
Hungary                       178788.5720676
IBRD only                      37635709.3958
Iceland                       27841.64804438
IDA & IBRD total              40448776.49063
IDA blend                     1173302.850133
IDA only                      1639926.057562
IDA total                     2813266.144562
India                         3385089.881935
Indonesia                     1319100.220389
Iran, Islamic Rep.            388544.4681397
Iraq                          264182.1737931
Ireland                       529244.8702228
Isle of Man                    6684.22926853
Israel                        522033.4462116
Italy                         2010431.598465
Jamaica                       17097.76074521
Japan                         4231141.201863
Jordan                        47451.49985915
Kazakhstan                    220623.0019667
Kenya                         113420.0081788
Kiribati                      223.3529431884
Korea, Dem. People's Rep.                  0
Korea, Rep.                   1665245.538595
Kosovo                        9429.156202
Kuwait                        184558.2742887
Kyrgyz Republic               10930.64491524
Lao PDR                       15724.38378324
Late-demographic dividend     28078790.05915
Latin America & Caribbean     6748778.263493
Latin America & Caribbean (e 5784017.996581
Latin America & the Caribbea 5945540.331
Latvia                        41153.91266286
Least developed countries: UN1416759.808404
Lebanon                       23131.94155678
Lesotho                       2553.459762799
Liberia                           4001.04715
Libya                         45752.33603598
Liechtenstein                 7186.428783119
Lithuania                     70334.29900838
Low & middle income           39131343.07756
Low income                    521634.3755086
Lower middle income           8109649.831659
Luxembourg                    82274.81225092
Macao SAR, China              21979.47556062
Madagascar                    14954.96760441
Malawi                        13164.66762694
Malaysia                      406305.9246561
Maldives                      6189.865408232
Mali                          18827.17653232
Malta                         17765.27001476
Marshall Islands                    279.6679
Mauritania                    10375.46068044
Mauritius                     12898.30708913
Mexico                        1414187.193992
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.         427.0941191113
Middle East & North Africa    4414423.065617
Middle East & North Africa (e 1676993.028171
Middle East & North Africa (I 1657891.406
Middle income                 38607082.91336
Moldova                        14420.9478836
Monaco                        8596.156573643
Mongolia                      16810.88336091
Montenegro                    6095.978867699
Morocco                       134181.5877698
Mozambique                    17851.49142768
Myanmar                       59364.36254055
Namibia                       12607.43697595
Nauru                         150.9222110443
Nepal                         40828.24730249
Netherlands                   991114.6355292
New Caledonia                 10071.34970716
New Zealand                   247234.0537393
Nicaragua                     15671.58387797
Niger                         13969.60558252
Nigeria                       477386.1206358
North America                 27610090.52367
North Macedonia               13563.13205725
Northern Mariana Islands                858
Norway                        579267.3658663
Not classified                            0
OECD members                  59596537.27513
Oman                          114667.3602081
Other small states            529870.6163899
Pacific island small states   10226.02491958
Pakistan                       376532.751807
Palau                                  217.8
Panama                        76522.51178062
Papua New Guinea              30633.44429463
Paraguay                      41722.29536207
Peru                          242631.5496133
Philippines                   404284.3273117
Poland                        688176.6059548
Portugal                      251945.3775294
Post-demographic dividend     56446942.04086
Pre-demographic dividend      1612324.668165
Puerto Rico                         113434.8
Qatar                         237295.5751711
Romania                       301261.5829241
Russian Federation            2240422.4384
Rwanda                        13312.79676523
Samoa                         832.4215654
San Marino                    1855.3828331
Sao Tome and Principe         546.6803416
Saudi Arabia                  1108148.978218
Senegal                       27684.43024449
Serbia                        63501.74865
Seychelles                    1588.406479
Sierra Leone                  3970.3438523
Singapore                     466788.53965
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)     1571.564246
Slovak Republic             115468.804
Slovenia                   62117.76801
Small states               633046.5756
Solomon Islands            1595.710784314
Somalia                       8126.1056
South Africa               405869.7185
South Asia                  4361631.458
South Asia (IDA & IBRD)    4361631.458
South Sudan                            0
Spain                      1397509.272054
Sri Lanka                  74403.57836344
St. Kitts and Nevis        961.5632592593
St. Lucia                  2065.027555556
St. Martin (French part)               0
St. Vincent and the Grenadin 948.5585031
Sub-Saharan Africa         2047347.019
Sub-Saharan Africa (excludin 2045758.613
Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IB 2047347.019
Sudan                      51662.241775
Suriname                   3620.655116
Sweden                     585939.1701
Switzerland                807706.0353518
Syrian Arab Republic       11159.27404
Tajikistan                 10492.12339
Tanzania                   75709.28906
Thailand                   495340.5928
Timor-Leste                3163.324631
Togo                       8126.439481
Tonga                      469.2281242
Trinidad and Tobago        27899.08234
Tunisia                    46664.94895
Turkiye                    905987.8241
Turkmenistan               45610.57143
Turks and Caicos Islands   1138.808881
Tuvalu                      60.3493911
Uganda                     45559.20205
Ukraine                    160502.7392
United Arab Emirates       507534.9217155
United Kingdom             3070667.732359
United States                 25462700
Upper middle income        30495971.76
Uruguay                     71177.1462
Uzbekistan                 80391.85388
Vanuatu                 983.5828646
Venezuela, RB                     0
Vietnam                 408802.3791
Virgin Islands (U.S.)         4204
West Bank and Gaza           19111.9
World                    101002997
Yemen, Rep.                       0
Zambia                  29784.45406
Zimbabwe                 20678.0556
Country                     S&P Rating
                                         Moody's Rating
Abu Dhabi                      AA+            Aa2
Albania                         B+            B1
Andorra (Principality of)     BBB+            Baa2
Angola                          B-            B3
Argentina                      CCC-            Ca
Armenia                        B+             Ba3
Aruba                          BBB            NA
Australia                      AAA            Aaa
Austria                        AA+            Aa1
Azerbaijan                     BB+            Ba1
Bahamas                         B+            B1
Bahrain                        B+             B2
Bangladesh                     BB-            B1
Barbados                        B-            Caa1
Belarus                        NA              C
Belgium                         AA            Aa3
Belize                          B-            Caa2
Benin                           B+            B1
Bermuda                         A+             A2
Bolivia                         B-            Caa1
Bosnia and Herzegovina          B             B3
Botswana                       BBB+            A3
Brazil                         BB-            Ba2
Bulgaria                       BBB            Baa1
Burkina Faso                   CCC+           NA
Cambodia                       NA             B2
Cameroon                        B-            B2
Canada                         AAA            Aaa
Cape Verde                      B-            NA
Cayman Islands                 NA             Aa3
Chile                           A              A2
China                           A+             A1
Colombia                         BB+    Baa2
Congo (Democratic Republic of)    B-    B3
Congo (Republic of)              CCC+   Caa2
Cook Islands                      B     NA
Costa Rica                        B+    B2
Côte d'Ivoire                    BB-    Ba3
Croatia                          BBB+   Baa2
Cuba                              0     Ca
Curacao                          BBB-   NA
Cyprus                           BBB    Ba1
Czech Republic                   AA-    Aa3
Denmark                          AAA    Aaa
Dominican Republic               BB     Ba3
Ecuador                           B-    Caa3
Egypt                             B     B3
El Salvador                      CCC+   Caa3
Estonia                          AA-    A1
Ethiopia                         CCC    Caa2
Fiji                              B+    B1
Finland                          AA+    Aa1
France                           AA     Aa2
Gabon                            NA     Caa1
Georgia                          BB     Ba2
Germany                          AAA    Aaa
Ghana                            NA     Ca
Greece                           BB+    Ba3
Guatemala                        BB     Ba1
Guernsey (States of)             AA     NA
Honduras                         BB-    B1
Hong Kong                        AA+    Aa3
Hungary                          BBB-   Baa2
Iceland                           A     A2
India                            BBB-   Baa3
Indonesia                        BBB    Baa2
Iraq                  B-    Caa1
Ireland              AA     Aa3
Isle of Man          N/A    Aa3
Israel               AA-    A1
Italy                BBB    Baa3
Jamaica               B+    B2
Japan                A+     A1
Jersey (States of)   AA-    NA
Jordan                B+    B1
Kazakhstan           BBB-   Baa2
Kenya                 B     B3
Korea                AA     Aa2
Kuwait               A+     A1
Kyrgyzstan           NA     B3
Laos                 NA     Caa3
Latvia               A+     A3
Lebanon               D      C
Liechtenstein        AAA    NA
Lithuania            A+     A2
Luxembourg           AAA    Aaa
Macao                NA     Aa3
Macedonia            BB-    NA
Malaysia              A-    A3
Maldives             NR     Caa1
Mali                 NR     Caa2
Malta                 A-    A2
Mauritius            NR     Baa3
Mexico               BBB    Baa2
Moldova              NR     B3
Mongolia              B     B3
Montenegro            B     B1
Montserrat           BBB-   NA
Morocco              BB+    Ba1
Mozambique           CCC+   Caa2
Namibia                        NR     B1
Netherlands                    AAA    Aaa
New Zealand                    AA+    Aaa
Nicaragua                       B     B3
Niger                          NR     B3
Nigeria                        B-     Caa1
Norway                         AAA    Aaa
Oman                           BB     Ba2
Pakistan                       CCC+   Caa3
Panama                         BBB    Baa2
Papua New Guinea                B-    B2
Paraguay                       BB     Ba1
Peru                           BBB    Baa1
Philippines                    BBB+   Baa2
Poland                          A-    A2
Portugal                       BBB+   Baa2
Qatar                          AA     Aa3
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)     A-    A3
Romania                        BBB-   Baa3
Russia                         NR     Ca
Rwanda                          B+    B2
Saudi Arabia                    A     A1
Senegal                         B+    Ba3
Serbia                         BB+    Ba2
Sharjah                        NA     Ba1
Singapore                      AAA    Aaa
Slovakia                       A+     A2
Slovenia                       AA-    A3
Solomon Islands                 0     Caa1
South Africa                   BB-    Ba2
Spain                           A     Baa1
Sri Lanka                      NA     Ca
St. Maarten                    NA     Ba2
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   NA     B3
Suriname                   Na     Caa3
Swaziland                  NA     B3
Sweden                     AAA    Aaa
Switzerland                AAA    Aaa
Taiwan                     AA+    Aa3
Tajikistan                  B-    B3
Tanzania                   NA     B2
Thailand                   BBB+   Baa1
Togo                        B     B3
Trinidad and Tobago        BBB-   Ba2
Tunisia                    NA     Caa2
Turkey                      B     B3
Turks and Caicos Islands   BBB+   Baa1
Uganda                      B     B2
Ukraine                    CCC    Ca
United Arab Emirates       AA     Aa2
United Kingdom             AA     Aa3
United States              AA+    Aaa
Uruguay                    BBB+   Baa2
Uzbekistan                 BB-    Ba3
Venezuela                  NA      C
Vietnam                    BB+    Ba2
Zambia                     NA     Ca
Country                  Moody's   S&P
Abu Dhabi                 Aa2      AA+
Albania                    B1       B+
Andorra                   Baa2     BBB+
Angola                     B3       B-
Argentina                  Ca      CCC-
Armenia                   Ba3       B+
Aruba                      NA      BBB
Australia                 Aaa      AAA
Austria                   Aa1      AA+
Azerbaijan                Ba1      BB+
Bahamas                    B1       B+
Bahrain                    B2       B+
Bangladesh                 B1      BB-
Barbados                  Caa1      B-
Belarus                    C        NA
Belgium                   Aa3       AA
Belize                    Caa2      B-
Benin                      B1       B+
Bermuda                    A2       A+
Bolivia                   Caa1      B-
Bosnia and Herzegovina     B3       B
Botswana                   A3      BBB+
Brazil                    Ba2      BB-
Bulgaria                  Baa1     BBB
Burkina Faso               NA      CCC+
Cambodia                   B2       NA
Cameroon                   B2       B-
Canada                    Aaa      AAA
Cape Verde                 NA       B-
Cayman Islands            Aa3       NA
Chile                      A2       A
China                      A1       A+
Colombia                         Baa2   BB+
Congo (Democratic Republic of)   B3      B-
Congo (Republic of)              Caa2   CCC+
Cook Islands                     NA      B
Costa Rica                       B2      B+
Cote d'Ivoire                    Ba3    BB-
Croatia                          Baa2   BBB+
Cuba                             Ca
Curacao                          NA     BBB-
Cyprus                           Ba1    BBB
Czech Republic                   Aa3    AA-
Denmark                          Aaa    AAA
Dominican Republic               Ba3     BB
Ecuador                          Caa3    B-
Egypt                            B3      B
El Salvador                      Caa3   CCC+
Estonia                          A1     AA-
Ethiopia                         Caa2   CCC
Fiji                             B1      B+
Finland                          Aa1    AA+
France                           Aa2    AA
Gabon                            Caa1   NA
Georgia                          Ba2     BB
Germany                          Aaa    AAA
Ghana                            Ca     NA
Greece                           Ba3    BB+
Guatemala                        Ba1     BB
Guernsey (Channel Islands)       NA      AA
Honduras                         B1     BB-
Hong Kong                        Aa3    AA+
Hungary                          Baa2   BBB-
Iceland                          A2      A
India                            Baa3   BBB-
Indonesia                        Baa2   BBB
Iraq                       Caa1    B-
Ireland                    Aa3     AA
Isle of Man                Aa3    N/A
Israel                     A1     AA-
Italy                      Baa3   BBB
Jamaica                    B2      B+
Japan                      A1      A+
Jersey (Channel Islands)   NA     AA-
Jordan                     B1      B+
Kazakhstan                 Baa2   BBB-
Kenya                      B3      B
Korea                      Aa2     AA
Kuwait                     A1      A+
Kyrgyz Republic            B3     NA
Laos                       Caa3   NA
Latvia                     A3     A+
Lebanon                     C      D
Liechtenstein              NA     AAA
Lithuania                  A2     A+
Luxembourg                 Aaa    AAA
Macao                      Aa3    NA
Macedonia                  NA     BB-
Malaysia                   A3      A-
Maldives                   Caa1   NR
Mali                       Caa2   NR
Malta                      A2      A-
Mauritius                  Baa3   NR
Mexico                     Baa2   BBB
Moldova                    B3     NR
Mongolia                   B3      B
Montenegro                 B1      B
Montserrat                 NA     BBB-
Morocco                    Ba1    BB+
Mozambique                 Caa2   CCC+
Namibia                        B1     NR
Netherlands                    Aaa    AAA
New Zealand                    Aaa    AA+
Nicaragua                      B3      B
Niger                          B3     NR
Nigeria                        Caa1    B-
Norway                         Aaa    AAA
Oman                           Ba2    BB
Pakistan                       Caa3   CCC+
Panama                         Baa2   BBB
Papua New Guinea               B2      B-
Paraguay                       Ba1     BB
Peru                           Baa1   BBB
Philippines                    Baa2   BBB+
Poland                         A2      A-
Portugal                       Baa2   BBB+
Qatar                          Aa3     AA
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)    NA      A
Romania                        Baa3   BBB-
Russia                         Ca     NR
Rwanda                         B2      B+
Saudi Arabia                   A1      A
Senegal                        Ba3     B+
Serbia                         Ba2    BB+
Sharjah                        Ba1    NA
Singapore                      Aaa    AAA
Slovakia                       A2      A+
Slovenia                       A3     AA-
Solomon Islands                Caa1
South Africa                   Ba2    BB-
Spain                          Baa1    A
Sri Lanka                      Ca     NA
Sint Maarten                   Ba2    NA
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   B3     NA
Suriname                   Caa3    Na
eSwatini                   B3     NA
Sweden                     Aaa    AAA
Switzerland                Aaa    AAA
Taiwan                     Aa3    AA+
Tajikistan                 B3      B-
Tanzania                   B2     NA
Thailand                   Baa1   BBB+
Togo                       B3      B
Trinidad and Tobago        Ba2    BBB-
Tunisia                    Caa2   NA
Turkey                     B3      B
Turks and Caicos Islands   NA     BBB+
Uganda                     B2      B
Ukraine                    Ca     CCC
United Arab Emirates       Aa2    AA
United Kingdom             Aa3    AA
United States of America   Aaa    AA+
Uruguay                    Baa2   BBB+
Uzbekistan                 Ba3    BB-
Venezuela                   C     NA
Vietnam                    Ba2    BB+
Zambia                     Ca     NA
Country                      FC          LC                       S&P
Abu Dhabi                         Aa2         Aa2    Albania      B+
Albania                           B1          B1     Andorra      BBB+
Andorra                           Baa2        Baa2   Angola       B-
Angola                            B3          B3     Argentina    CCC-
Argentina                         Ca          Ca     Armenia      B+
Armenia                           Ba3         Ba3    Aruba        BBB
Australia                         Aaa         Aaa    Australia    AAA
Austria                           Aa1         Aa1    Austria      AA+
Azerbaijan                        Ba1         Ba1    Azerbaijan   BB+
Bahamas                           B1          B1     Bahamas      B+
Bahamas-Offshore Banks             -           -     Bahrain      B+
Bahrain                           B2          B2     Bangladesh BB-
Bahrain-Offshore Banks [1]         -           -     Barbados     B-
Bangladesh                        B1          B1     Belarus      NA
Barbados                          Caa1        Caa1   Belgium      AA
Belarus                            C           C     Belize       B-
Belgium                           Aa3         Aa3    Benin        B+
Belize                            Caa2        Caa2   Bermuda      A+
Benin                             B1          B1     Bolivia      B-
Bermuda                           A2          A2                  B
                                                     Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bolivia                           Caa1        Caa1   Botswana     BBB+
Bosnia and Herzegovina            B3          B3     Brazil       BB-
Botswana                          A3          A3     Bulgaria     BBB
Brazil                            Ba2         Ba2    Burkina Faso CCC+
Bulgaria                          Baa1        Baa1   Cambodia     N/A
Cambodia                          B2          B2     Cameroon     B-
Cameroon                          B2          B2     Canada       AAA
Canada                            Aaa         Aaa    Cape Verde B-
Cayman Islands                    Aa3         Aa3    Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands-Offshore Bank       -           -     Chile       A
Chile                             A2          A2     China       A+
China                             A1          A1     Colombia    BB+
Colombia                        Baa2   Baa2          Congo        B-
Costa Rica                      B2     B2            Costa Rica   B+
Cote d'Ivoire                   Ba3    Ba3           Croatia      BBB+
Croatia                         Baa2   Baa2          Cuba
Cuba                            Ca     Ca            Cyprus       BBB
Cyprus                          Ba1    Ba1                        AA-
                                                     Czech Republic
Czech Republic                  Aa3    Aa3           Denmark      AAA
Democratic Republic of the Co   B3     B3                         BB
                                                     Dominican Republic
Denmark                         Aaa    Aaa           Ecuador      B-
Dominican Republic              Ba3    Ba3           Egypt        B
Ecuador                         Caa3    -            El Salvador CCC+
Egypt                           B3     B3            Estonia      AA-
El Salvador                     Caa3    -     #N/A   Ethiopia     CCC
Estonia                         A1     A1                         AA
                                                     European Union
eSwatini                        B3     B3            Fiji         B+
Ethiopia                        Caa2   Caa2          Finland      AA+
Fiji                            B1     B1            France       AA
Finland                         Aa1    Aa1           Gabon        N/A
France                          Aa2    Aa2           Georgia      BB
Gabon                           Caa1   Caa1          Germany      AAA
Georgia                         Ba2    Ba2           Ghana        NA
Germany                         Aaa    Aaa           Greece       BB+
Ghana                           Ca     Caa3          Grenada      SD
Greece                          Ba3    Ba3           Guatemala    BB
Guatemala                       Ba1    Ba1           Honduras     BB-
Guernsey (Channel Islands)       -      -            Hong Kong    AA+
Honduras                        B1     B1            Hungary      BBB-
Hong Kong SAR, China            Aa3    Aa3           Iceland      A
Hungary                         Baa2   Baa2          India        BBB-
Iceland                         A2     A2            Indonesia    BBB
India                           Baa3   Baa3          Iraq         B-
Indonesia                       Baa2   Baa2          Ireland      AA
Iraq                            Caa1   Caa1          Isle of Man  N/A
Ireland                         Aa3    Aa3           Israel       AA-
Isle of Man                Aa3    Aa3    Italy           BBB
Israel                     A1     A1     Ivory Coast     BB-
Italy                      Baa3   Baa3   Jamaica         B+
Jamaica                    B2     B2     Japan           A+
Japan                      A1     A1     Jordan          B+
Jersey (Channel Islands)    -      -     Kazakhstan      BBB-
Jordan                     B1     B1     Kenya           B
Kazakhstan                 Baa2   Baa2   Kuwait          A+
Kenya                      B3     B3     Kyrgyzstan      NR
Korea                      Aa2    Aa2    Laos
Kuwait                     A1     A1     Latvia          A+
Kyrgyz Republic            B3     B3     Lebanon         D
Laos                       Caa3   Caa3   Lesotho
Latvia                     A3     A3     Liechtenstein   AAA
Lebanon                     C      C     Lithuania       A+
Liechtenstein               -      -     Luxembourg      AAA
Lithuania                  A2     A2     Macau
Luxembourg                 Aaa    Aaa    Macedonia       BB-
Macao SAR, China           Aa3    Aa3    Madagascar      B-
Malaysia                   A3     A3     Malaysia        A-
Maldives                   Caa1   Caa1   Maldives
Mali                       Caa2   Caa2   Mali
Malta                      A2     A2     Malta           A-
Mauritius                  Baa3   Baa3   Mauritius
Mexico                     Baa2   Baa2   Mexico          BBB
Moldova                    B3     B3     Moldova
Mongolia                   B3     B3     Mongolia        B
Montenegro                 B1      -     Montenegro      B
Morocco                    Ba1    Ba1    Montserrat      BBB-
Mozambique                 Caa2   Caa2   Morocco         BB+
Namibia                    B1     B1     Mozambique      CCC+
Netherlands                Aaa    Aaa    Namibia
New Zealand                Aaa    Aaa    Netherlands     AAA
Nicaragua                  B3     B3     New Zealand     AA+
Niger                          B3     B3     Nicaragua      B
Nigeria                        Caa1   Caa1   Niger
Norway                         Aaa    Aaa    Nigeria        B-
Oman                           Ba2    Ba2    Norway         AAA
Pakistan                       Caa3   Caa3   Oman           BB
Panama                         Baa2    -     Pakistan       CCC+
Panama-Offshore Banks           -      -     Panama         BBB
Papua New Guinea               B2     B2                    B-
                                             Papua New Guinea
Paraguay                       Ba1    Ba1    Paraguay       BB
Peru                           Baa1   Baa1   Peru           BBB
Philippines                    Baa2   Baa2   Philippines    BBB+
Poland                         A2     A2     Poland         A-
Portugal                       Baa2   Baa2   Portugal       BBB+
Qatar                          Aa3    Aa3    Puerto Rico D
Republic of the Congo          Caa2   Caa2   Qatar          AA
Romania                        Baa3   Baa3   Republic of theCCC+
                                                             Congo
Russia                         WR     WR     Romania        BBB-
Rwanda                         B2     B2     Russia         NR
Saudi Arabia                   A1     A1     Rwanda         B+
Senegal                        Ba3    Ba3    San Marino
Serbia                         Ba2    Ba2    Saudi Arabia   A
Sharjah                        Ba1    Ba1    Senegal        B+
Singapore                      Aaa    Aaa    Serbia         BB+
Slovakia                       A2     A2     Seychelles
Slovenia                       A3     A3     Singapore      AAA
Solomon Islands                Caa1   Caa1   Slovakia       A+
South Africa                   Ba2    Ba2    Slovenia       AA-
Spain                          Baa1   Baa1   Solomon Islands
Sri Lanka                      Ca      -     South Africa   BB-
Sint Maarten                   WR     WR     South Korea    AA
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   B3     B3     Spain          A
Suriname                       Caa3   Caa3   Sri Lanka      NA
Sweden                         Aaa    Aaa    St Vincent and the Grenadines
Switzerland                    Aaa    Aaa    Suriname       NA
Taiwan, China              Aa3    Aa3    Swaziland
Tajikistan                 B3     B3     Sweden         AAA
Tanzania                   B2     B2     Switzerland    AAA
Thailand                   Baa1   Baa1   Taiwan         AA+
Togo                       B3     B3     Tajikistan     B-
Trinidad and Tobago        Ba2    Ba2    Tanzania
Tunisia                    Caa2   Caa2   Thailand      BBB+
Turkiye                    B3     B3     Togo          B
Uganda                     B2     B2                   BBB-
                                         Trinidad and Tobago
Ukraine                    Ca     Ca     Tunisia       N/A
United Arab Emirates       Aa2    Aa2    Turkey        B
United Kingdom             Aa3    Aa3    Turkmenistan
United States of America   Aaa    Aaa    Uganda        B
Uzbekistan                 Ba3    Ba3    Ukraine       CCC
Uruguay                    Baa2   Baa2                 AA
                                         United Arab Emirates
Venezuela                   C     WR     United KingdomAA
Vietnam                    Ba2    Ba2    United States AA+
Zambia                     Ca     Ca     Uruguay       BBB+
                                         Uzbekistan    BB-
                                         Venezuela     N/A
                                         Vietnam       BB+
                                         Zambia        NA
he Grenadines
Country                          Tax Rate      Looked up for 2022   Country
Abu Dhabi                             15.00%           0.15         Afghanistan
Albania                               15.00%           0.15         Albania
Andorra (Principality of)             18.98%         0.1898         Algeria
Angola                                25.00%           0.25         Andorra
Argentina                             35.00%           0.35         Angola
Armenia                               18.00%           0.18         Anguilla
Aruba                                 25.00%           0.25         Antigua and Barbuda
Australia                             30.00%            0.3         Argentina
Austria                               24.00%           0.24         Armenia
Azerbaijan                            20.00%            0.2         Aruba
Bahamas                                0.00%              0         Australia
Bahrain                                0.00%              0         Austria
Bangladesh                            32.50%          0.325         Azerbaijan
Barbados                               5.50%          0.055         Bahamas
Belarus                               18.00%           0.18         Bahrain
Belgium                               25.00%           0.25         Bangladesh
Belize                                27.18%         0.2718         Barbados
Benin                                 30.00%            0.3         Belarus
Bermuda                                0.00%              0         Belgium
Bolivia                               25.00%           0.25         Benin
Bosnia and Herzegovina                10.00%            0.1         Bermuda
Botswana                              22.00%           0.22         Bolivia
Brazil                                34.00%           0.34         Bonaire, Saint Eustatius a
Bulgaria                              10.00%            0.1         Bosnia and Herzegovina
Burkina Faso                          28.00%           0.28         Botswana
Cambodia                              20.00%            0.2         Brazil
Cameroon                              33.00%           0.33         Brunei Darussalam
Canada                                25.00%           0.25         Bulgaria
Cape Verde                             0.00%              0         Burkina Faso
Cayman Islands                         0.00%              0         Burundi
Chile                                 27.00%           0.27         Cambodia
China                                 25.00%           0.25         Cameroon
Colombia                              35.00%           0.35         Canada
Congo (Democratic Republic of)        30.00%           0.30         Cayman Islands
Congo (Republic of)                   28.00%           0.28         Chile
Cook Islands                          28.43%         0.2843         China
Costa Rica                            30.00%            0.3         Colombia
Côte d'Ivoire                         25.00%           0.25         Congo
Croatia                               18.00%           0.18         Congo (Democratic Republi
Cuba                                  27.18%         0.2718         Costa Rica
Curacao                               22.00%           0.22         Croatia
Cyprus                                12.50%          0.125         Curacao
Czech Republic         19.00%     0.19   Cyprus
Denmark                22.00%     0.22   Czech Republic
Dominican Republic     27.00%     0.27   Denmark
Ecuador                25.00%     0.25   Djibouti
Egypt                  22.50%    0.225   Dominica
El Salvador            30.00%      0.3   Dominican Republic
Estonia                20.00%      0.2   Ecuador
Ethiopia               30.00%      0.3   Egypt
Fiji                   20.00%      0.2   El Salvador
Finland                20.00%      0.2   Estonia
France                 25.00%     0.25   Ethiopia
Gabon                  30.00%      0.3   Fiji
Georgia                15.00%     0.15   Finland
Germany                30.00%      0.3   France
Ghana                  25.00%     0.25   Gabon
Greece                 22.00%     0.22   Gambia
Guatemala              25.00%     0.25   Georgia
Guernsey (States of)   0.00%        0    Germany
Honduras               25.00%     0.25   Ghana
Hong Kong              16.50%    0.165   Gibraltar
Hungary                9.00%      0.09   Greece
Iceland                20.00%      0.2   Grenada
India                  30.00%      0.3   Guatemala
Indonesia              22.00%     0.22   Guernsey
Iraq                   15.00%     0.15   Honduras
Ireland                12.50%    0.125   Hong Kong SAR
Isle of Man            0.00%        0    Hungary
Israel                 23.00%     0.23   Iceland
Italy                  24.00%     0.24   India
Jamaica                25.00%     0.25   Indonesia
Japan                  23.20%    0.232   Iraq
Jersey (States of)     0.00%        0    Ireland
Jordan                 20.00%      0.2   Isle of Man
Kazakhstan             20.00%      0.2   Israel
Kenya                  30.00%      0.3   Italy
Korea                  25.00%     0.25   Ivory Coast
Kuwait                 15.00%     0.15   Jamaica
Kyrgyzstan             10.00%      0.1   Japan
Laos                   22.81%   0.2281   Jersey
Latvia                 20.00%      0.2   Jordan
Lebanon                17.00%     0.17   Kazakhstan
Liechtenstein          12.50%    0.125   Kenya
Lithuania              15.00%     0.15   Korea, Republic of
Luxembourg                    24.94%   0.2494   Kuwait
Macao                         22.81%   0.2281   Kyrgyzstan
Macedonia                     10.00%      0.1   Latvia
Malaysia                      24.00%     0.24   Lebanon
Maldives                      22.81%   0.2281   Libya
Mali                          22.81%   0.2281   Liechtenstein
Malta                         35.00%     0.35   Lithuania
Mauritius                     15.00%     0.15   Luxembourg
Mexico                        30.00%      0.3   Macau
Moldova                       12.00%     0.12   Macedonia
Mongolia                      25.00%     0.25   Madagascar
Montenegro                    15.00%     0.15   Malawi
Montserrat                    27.18%   0.2718   Malaysia
Morocco                       31.00%     0.31   Malta
Mozambique                    32.00%     0.32   Mauritania
Namibia                       32.00%     0.32   Mauritius
Netherlands                   25.80%    0.258   Mexico
New Zealand                   28.00%     0.28   Moldova
Nicaragua                     30.00%      0.3   Monaco
Niger                         22.81%   0.2281   Mongolia
Nigeria                       30.00%      0.3   Montenegro
Norway                        22.00%     0.22   Morocco
Oman                          15.00%     0.15   Mozambique
Pakistan                      29.00%     0.29   Myanmar
Panama                        25.00%     0.25   Namibia
Papua New Guinea              30.00%      0.3   Netherlands
Paraguay                      10.00%      0.1   New Zealand
Peru                          29.50%    0.295   Nicaragua
Philippines                   25.00%     0.25   Nigeria
Poland                        19.00%     0.19   Norway
Portugal                      21.00%     0.21   Oman
Qatar                         10.00%      0.1   Pakistan
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)   0.00%        0    Palestinian Territory
Romania                       16.00%     0.16   Panama
Russia                        20.00%      0.2   Papua New Guinea
Rwanda                        30.00%      0.3   Paraguay
Saudi Arabia                  20.00%      0.2   Peru
Senegal                       30.00%      0.3   Philippines
Serbia                        15.00%     0.15   Poland
Sharjah                       0.00%        0    Portugal
Singapore                     17.00%     0.17   Qatar
Slovakia                      21.00%     0.21   Romania
Slovenia                      19.00%     0.19   Russia
Solomon Islands                30.00%      0.3   Rwanda
South Africa                   27.00%     0.27   Saint Kitts and Nevis
Spain                          25.00%     0.25   Saint Lucia
Sri Lanka                      24.00%     0.24   Saint Vincent and the Gre
St. Maarten                    27.18%   0.2718   Samoa
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   27.18%   0.2718   Saudi Arabia
Suriname                       36.00%     0.36   Senegal
Swaziland                      27.50%    0.275   Serbia
Sweden                         20.60%    0.206   Sierra Leone
Switzerland                    18.00%     0.18   Singapore
Taiwan                         20.00%      0.2   Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Tajikistan                     18.00%     0.18   Slovakia
Tanzania                       30.00%      0.3   Slovenia
Thailand                       20.00%      0.2   Solomon Islands
Togo                           22.81%   0.2281   South Africa
Trinidad and Tobago            30.00%      0.3   Spain
Tunisia                        15.00%     0.15   Sri Lanka
Turkey                         23.00%     0.23   St Maarten
Turks and Caicos Islands       0.00%        0    Sudan
Uganda                         30.00%      0.3   Suriname
Ukraine                        18.00%     0.18   Swaziland
United Arab Emirates           0.00%        0    Sweden
United Kingdom                 25.00%     0.25   Switzerland
United States                  25.00%     0.25   Syria
Uruguay                        25.00%     0.25   Taiwan
Uzbekistan                     15.00%     0.15   Tajikistan
Venezuela                      34.00%     0.34   Tanzania
Vietnam                        20.00%      0.2   Thailand
Zambia                         35.00%     0.35   Trinidad and Tobago
                                                 Tunisia
                                                 Turkey
                                                 Turkmenistan
                                                 Turks and Caicos Islands
                                                 Uganda
                                                 Ukraine
                                                 United Arab Emirates
                                                 United Kingdom
                                                 United States
                                                 Uruguay
                                                 Uzbekistan
                                                 Vanuatu
                                                 Venezuela
                                                 Vietnam
                                                 Yemen
                                                 Zambia
                                                 Zimbabwe
 2022    Region                  Average Tax Rate
20.00%   Europe average               18.98%
15.00%   Global average               23.64%
26.00%   Latin America average        27.18%
10.00%   North America average        26.75%
25.00%   Oceania average              28.43%
0.00%    OECD average                 22.81%
25.00%   South America average        27.18%
35.00%
18.00%
25.00%
30.00%
24.00%
20.00%
0.00%
0.00%
32.50%
5.50%
18.00%
25.00%
30.00%
0.00%
25.00%
25.00%
10.00%
22.00%
34.00%
18.50%
10.00%
28.00%
30.00%
20.00%
33.00%
25.00%
0.00%
27.00%
25.00%
35.00%
28.00%
30.00%
30.00%
18.00%
22.00%
12.50%
19.00%
22.00%
25.00%
25.00%
27.00%
25.00%
22.50%
30.00%
20.00%
30.00%
20.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
27.00%
15.00%
30.00%
25.00%
10.00%
22.00%
28.00%
25.00%
0.00%
25.00%
16.50%
9.00%
20.00%
30.00%
22.00%
15.00%
12.50%
0.00%
23.00%
24.00%
25.00%
25.00%
23.20%
0.00%
20.00%
20.00%
30.00%
25.00%
15.00%
10.00%
20.00%
17.00%
24.00%
12.50%
15.00%
24.94%
12.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
24.00%
35.00%
25.00%
15.00%
30.00%
12.00%
33.00%
25.00%
15.00%
31.00%
32.00%
22.00%
32.00%
25.80%
28.00%
30.00%
30.00%
22.00%
15.00%
29.00%
15.00%
25.00%
30.00%
10.00%
29.50%
25.00%
19.00%
21.00%
10.00%
16.00%
20.00%
30.00%
33.00%
30.00%
30.00%
27.00%
20.00%
30.00%
15.00%
30.00%
17.00%
35.00%
21.00%
19.00%
30.00%
27.00%
25.00%
24.00%
35.00%
35.00%
36.00%
27.50%
20.60%
18.00%
28.00%
20.00%
18.00%
30.00%
20.00%
30.00%
15.00%
23.00%
20.00%
 0.00%
30.00%
18.00%
 0.00%
25.00%
25.00%
25.00%
15.00%
 0.00%
34.00%
20.00%
20.00%
35.00%
24.72%
Country                       PRS Score    Total Equity Risk Premiu Rating-based Default Spr
Abu Dhabi                          #N/A                        5.75%         0.53%
Albania                            65.25                      11.83%         4.82%
Andorra (Principality of)          #N/A                        7.89%         2.04%
Angola                             66.25                      14.86%         6.95%
Argentina                          60.50                      23.21%        12.84%
Armenia                            60.75                      10.46%         3.85%
Aruba                              #N/A                        7.89%         2.04%
Australia                          80.50                       5.00%         0.00%
Austria                            78.75                       5.61%         0.43%
Azerbaijan                         73.00                       8.80%         2.68%
Bahamas                            74.50                      11.83%         4.82%
Bahrain                            68.50                      13.35%         5.88%
Bangladesh                         62.75                      11.83%         4.82%
Barbados                           #N/A                       16.38%         8.02%
Belarus                            60.75                      29.82%        17.50%
Belgium                            75.00                       5.91%         0.64%
Belize                             #N/A                       18.66%         9.63%
Benin                              #N/A                       11.83%         4.82%
Bermuda                            #N/A                        6.28%         0.91%
Bolivia                            64.00                      16.38%         8.02%
Bosnia and Herzegovina             #N/A                       14.86%         6.95%
Botswana                           79.25                       6.82%         1.28%
Brazil                             70.00                       9.57%         3.22%
Bulgaria                           71.75                       7.43%         1.71%
Burkina Faso                       59.25                      16.38%         8.02%
Cambodia                           #N/A                       13.35%         5.88%
Cameroon                           61.50                      13.35%         5.88%
Canada                             81.25                       5.00%         0.00%
Cape Verde                         #N/A                       14.86%         6.95%
Cayman Islands                     #N/A                        5.91%         0.64%
Chile                              70.50                       6.28%         0.91%
China                              #N/A                        6.07%         0.75%
Colombia                           63.50                       7.89%         2.04%
Congo (Democratic Republic of)     60.50                      14.86%         6.95%
Congo (Republic of)                68.30                      18.66%         9.63%
Cook Islands                       #N/A                       13.35%         5.88%
Costa Rica                         71.50                      13.35%         5.88%
Côte d'Ivoire                      63.50                      10.46%         3.85%
Croatia                            74.00                       7.89%         2.04%
Cuba                               69.00                      23.21%        12.84%
Curacao                            #N/A                        7.89%         2.04%
Cyprus                             71.00                       8.80%         2.68%
Czech Republic         75.75    5.91%    0.64%
Denmark                84.50    5.00%    0.00%
Dominican Republic     71.75   10.46%    3.85%
Ecuador                67.75   20.18%   10.70%
Egypt                  55.75   14.86%    6.95%
El Salvador            66.00   20.18%   10.70%
Estonia                70.50    6.07%    0.75%
Ethiopia               59.25   18.66%    9.63%
Fiji                   #N/A    11.83%    4.82%
Finland                78.50    5.61%    0.43%
France                 71.75    5.75%    0.53%
Gabon                  69.25   16.38%    8.02%
Georgia                #N/A     9.57%    3.22%
Germany                79.25    5.00%    0.00%
Ghana                  60.75   23.21%   12.84%
Greece                 69.00   10.46%    3.85%
Guatemala              70.50    8.80%    2.68%
Guernsey (States of)   #N/A     5.75%    0.53%
Honduras               67.00   11.83%    4.82%
Hong Kong              78.75    5.91%    0.64%
Hungary                73.00    7.89%    2.04%
Iceland                79.75    6.28%    0.91%
India                  70.25    8.33%    2.35%
Indonesia              69.75    7.89%    2.04%
Iraq                   69.25   16.38%    8.02%
Ireland                82.75    5.91%    0.64%
Isle of Man            #N/A     5.91%    0.64%
Israel                 74.00    6.07%    0.75%
Italy                  74.50    8.33%    2.35%
Jamaica                72.25   13.35%    5.88%
Japan                  80.25    6.07%    0.75%
Jersey (States of)     #N/A     5.91%    0.64%
Jordan                 65.25   11.83%    4.82%
Kazakhstan             77.00    7.89%    2.04%
Kenya                  57.00   14.86%    6.95%
Korea                  77.80    5.75%    0.53%
Kuwait                 81.50    6.07%    0.75%
Kyrgyzstan             #N/A    14.86%    6.95%
Latvia                 72.00    6.82%    1.28%
Lebanon                35.00   29.82%   17.50%
Liechtenstein          #N/A     5.00%    0.00%
Lithuania              69.50    6.28%    0.91%
Luxembourg             85.50    5.00%    0.00%
Macao                         #N/A     5.91%    0.64%
Macedonia                     #N/A    10.46%    3.85%
Malaysia                      75.75    6.82%    1.28%
Maldives                      #N/A    16.38%    8.02%
Mali                          58.00   18.66%    9.63%
Malta                         73.50    6.28%    0.91%
Mauritius                     #N/A     8.33%    2.35%
Mexico                        66.75    7.89%    2.04%
Moldova                       58.25   14.86%    6.95%
Mongolia                      65.25   14.86%    6.95%
Montenegro                    #N/A    11.83%    4.82%
Montserrat                    #N/A     8.33%    2.35%
Morocco                       66.25    8.80%    2.68%
Mozambique                    54.50   18.66%    9.63%
Namibia                       68.00   11.83%    4.82%
Netherlands                   80.25    5.00%    0.00%
New Zealand                   77.50    5.00%    0.00%
Nicaragua                     63.50   14.86%    6.95%
Niger                         52.75   14.86%    6.95%
Nigeria                       58.50   16.38%    8.02%
Norway                        86.75    5.00%    0.00%
Oman                          76.50    9.57%    3.22%
Pakistan                      48.75   20.18%   10.70%
Panama                        73.75    7.89%    2.04%
Papua New Guinea              69.25   13.35%    5.88%
Paraguay                      63.75    8.80%    2.68%
Peru                          69.25    7.43%    1.71%
Philippines                   71.00    7.89%    2.04%
Poland                        70.75    6.28%    0.91%
Portugal                      75.50    7.89%    2.04%
Qatar                         80.75    5.91%    0.64%
Ras Al Khaimah (Emirate of)   #N/A     6.82%    1.28%
Romania                       67.25    8.33%    2.35%
Russia                        68.75   23.21%   12.84%
Rwanda                        #N/A    13.35%    5.88%
Saudi Arabia                  84.25    6.07%    0.75%
Senegal                       58.25   10.46%    3.85%
Serbia                        #N/A     9.57%    3.22%
Sharjah                       #N/A     8.80%    2.68%
Singapore                     84.75    5.00%    0.00%
Slovakia                      69.25    6.28%    0.91%
Slovenia                      74.00    6.82%    1.28%
Solomon Islands               #N/A    16.38%    8.02%
South Africa                   66.75    9.57%    3.22%
Spain                          71.75    7.43%    1.71%
Sri Lanka                      52.50   23.21%   12.84%
St. Maarten                    #N/A     9.57%    3.22%
St. Vincent & the Grenadines   #N/A    14.86%    6.95%
Suriname                       56.50   20.18%   10.70%
Swaziland                      #N/A    14.86%    6.95%
Sweden                         80.00    5.00%    0.00%
Switzerland                    87.25    5.00%    0.00%
Taiwan                         84.75    5.91%    0.64%
Tajikistan                     #N/A    14.86%    6.95%
Tanzania                       65.25   13.35%    5.88%
Thailand                       69.50    7.43%    1.71%
Togo                           62.75   14.86%    6.95%
Trinidad and Tobago            #N/A     9.57%    3.22%
Tunisia                        60.75   18.66%    9.63%
Turkey                         57.25   14.86%    6.95%
Turks and Caicos Islands       #N/A     7.43%    1.71%
Uganda                         60.00   13.35%    5.88%
Ukraine                        52.25   23.21%   12.84%
United Arab Emirates           81.75    5.75%    0.53%
United Kingdom                 74.50    5.91%    0.64%
United States                  69.75    5.00%    0.00%
Uruguay                        75.50    7.89%    2.04%
Uzbekistan                     72.50   10.46%    3.85%
Venezuela                      59.75   29.82%   17.50%
Vietnam                        71.50    9.57%    3.22%
Zambia                         62.75   23.21%   12.84%
Algeria                        68.75             3.85%
Brunei                         81.75             0.64%
Gambia                         66.00             5.88%
Guinea                         57.50             9.63%
Guinea-Bissau                  64.50             5.88%
Guyana                         75.00             1.71%
Haiti                          54.50            12.84%
Iran                           62.75             6.95%
Korea, D.P.R.                  51.00            12.84%
Liberia                        56.25            10.70%
Libya                          73.75             2.04%
Madagascar                     62.75             6.95%
Malawi            52.75   12.84%
Myanmar           56.00   10.70%
Russia            68.75    3.85%
Sierra Leone      53.00   12.84%
Somalia           51.50   12.84%
Sudan             43.00   17.50%
Syria             48.75   17.50%
Yemen, Republic   55.75   10.70%
Zimbabwe          61.25    8.02%
Final ERP   Tax Rate     CRP                PRS Score
  5.75%      15.00%     0.75%   More than
 11.83%      15.00%     6.83%               0
  7.89%      18.98%     2.89%        50.001
 14.86%      25.00%     9.86%        55.001
 23.21%      35.00%    18.21%        57.001
 10.46%      18.00%     5.46%        60.001
  7.89%      25.00%     2.89%        62.001
  5.00%      30.00%     0.00%        64.001
  5.61%      24.00%     0.61%        66.001
  8.80%      20.00%     3.80%        68.001
 11.83%       0.00%     6.83%        69.001
 13.35%       0.00%     8.35%        72.001
 11.83%      32.50%     6.83%        74.001
 16.38%       5.50%    11.38%        76.001
 29.82%      18.00%    24.82%        80.001
  5.91%      25.00%     0.91%        82.501
 18.66%      27.18%    13.66%        85.001
 11.83%      30.00%     6.83%
  6.28%       0.00%     1.28%      Rating
 16.38%      25.00%    11.38%       Aaa
 14.86%      10.00%     9.86%       Aa1
  6.82%      22.00%     1.82%       Aa2
  9.57%      34.00%     4.57%       Aa3
  7.43%      10.00%     2.43%       A1
 16.38%      28.00%    11.38%       A2
 13.35%      20.00%     8.35%       A3
 13.35%      33.00%     8.35%      Baa1
  5.00%      25.00%     0.00%      Baa2
 14.86%       0.00%     9.86%      Baa3
  5.91%       0.00%     0.91%       Ba1
  6.28%      27.00%     1.28%       Ba2
  6.07%      25.00%     1.07%       Ba3
  7.89%      35.00%     2.89%       B1
 14.86%      30.00%     9.86%       B2
 18.66%      28.00%    13.66%       B3
 13.35%      28.43%     8.35%      Caa1
 13.35%      30.00%     8.35%      Caa2
 10.46%      25.00%     5.46%      Caa3
  7.89%      18.00%     2.89%       Ca
 23.21%      27.18%    18.21%        C
  7.89%      22.00%     2.89%
  8.80%      12.50%     3.80%
 5.91%   19.00%    0.91%
 5.00%   22.00%    0.00%
10.46%   27.00%    5.46%
20.18%   25.00%   15.18%
14.86%   22.50%    9.86%
20.18%   30.00%   15.18%
 6.07%   20.00%    1.07%
18.66%   30.00%   13.66%
11.83%   20.00%    6.83%
 5.61%   20.00%    0.61%
 5.75%   25.00%    0.75%
16.38%   30.00%   11.38%
 9.57%   15.00%    4.57%
 5.00%   30.00%    0.00%
23.21%   25.00%   18.21%
10.46%   22.00%    5.46%
 8.80%   25.00%    3.80%
 5.75%    0.00%    0.75%
11.83%   25.00%    6.83%
 5.91%   16.50%    0.91%
 7.89%    9.00%    2.89%
 6.28%   20.00%    1.28%
 8.33%   30.00%    3.33%
 7.89%   22.00%    2.89%
16.38%   15.00%   11.38%
 5.91%   12.50%    0.91%
 5.91%    0.00%    0.91%
 6.07%   23.00%    1.07%
 8.33%   24.00%    3.33%
13.35%   25.00%    8.35%
 6.07%   23.20%    1.07%
 5.91%    0.00%    0.91%
11.83%   20.00%    6.83%
 7.89%   20.00%    2.89%
14.86%   30.00%    9.86%
 5.75%   25.00%    0.75%
 6.07%   15.00%    1.07%
14.86%   10.00%    9.86%
 6.82%   20.00%    1.82%
29.82%   17.00%   24.82%
 5.00%   12.50%    0.00%
 6.28%   15.00%    1.28%
 5.00%   24.94%    0.00%
 5.91%   22.81%    0.91%
10.46%   10.00%    5.46%
 6.82%   24.00%    1.82%
16.38%   22.81%   11.38%
18.66%   22.81%   13.66%
 6.28%   35.00%    1.28%
 8.33%   15.00%    3.33%
 7.89%   30.00%    2.89%
14.86%   12.00%    9.86%
14.86%   25.00%    9.86%
11.83%   15.00%    6.83%
 8.33%   27.18%    3.33%
 8.80%   31.00%    3.80%
18.66%   32.00%   13.66%
11.83%   32.00%    6.83%
 5.00%   25.80%    0.00%
 5.00%   28.00%    0.00%
14.86%   30.00%    9.86%
14.86%   22.81%    9.86%
16.38%   30.00%   11.38%
 5.00%   22.00%    0.00%
 9.57%   15.00%    4.57%
20.18%   29.00%   15.18%
 7.89%   25.00%    2.89%
13.35%   30.00%    8.35%
 8.80%   10.00%    3.80%
 7.43%   29.50%    2.43%
 7.89%   25.00%    2.89%
 6.28%   19.00%    1.28%
 7.89%   21.00%    2.89%
 5.91%   10.00%    0.91%
 6.82%    0.00%    1.82%
 8.33%   16.00%    3.33%
23.21%   20.00%   18.21%
13.35%   30.00%    8.35%
 6.07%   20.00%    1.07%
10.46%   30.00%    5.46%
 9.57%   15.00%    4.57%
 8.80%    0.00%    3.80%
 5.00%   17.00%    0.00%
 6.28%   21.00%    1.28%
 6.82%   19.00%    1.82%
16.38%   30.00%   11.38%
 9.57%   27.00%    4.57%
 7.43%   25.00%    2.43%
23.21%   24.00%   18.21%
 9.57%   27.18%    4.57%
14.86%   27.18%    9.86%
20.18%   36.00%   15.18%
14.86%   27.50%    9.86%
 5.00%   20.60%    0.00%
 5.00%   18.00%    0.00%
 5.91%   20.00%    0.91%
14.86%   18.00%    9.86%
13.35%   30.00%    8.35%
 7.43%   20.00%    2.43%
14.86%   22.81%    9.86%
 9.57%   30.00%    4.57%
18.66%   15.00%   13.66%
14.86%   23.00%    9.86%
 7.43%    0.00%    2.43%
13.35%   30.00%    8.35%
23.21%   18.00%   18.21%
 5.75%    0.00%    0.75%
 5.91%   25.00%    0.91%
 5.00%   25.00%    0.00%
 7.89%   25.00%    2.89%
10.46%   15.00%    5.46%
29.82%   34.00%   24.82%
 9.57%   20.00%    4.57%
23.21%   35.00%   18.21%
10.46%   26.00%    5.46%
 5.91%   18.50%    0.91%
13.35%   31.00%    8.35%
18.66%   29.15%   13.66%
13.35%   29.15%    8.35%
 7.43%   18.64%    2.43%
23.21%   18.64%   18.21%
14.86%   20.23%    9.86%
23.21%   23.10%   18.21%
20.18%   29.15%   15.18%
 7.89%   20.00%    2.89%
14.86%   20.00%    9.86%
23.21%   30.00%   18.21%
20.18%   25.00%   15.18%
10.46%   25.00%    5.46%
23.21%   30.00%   18.21%
23.21%   29.15%   18.21%
29.82%   35.00%   24.82%
29.82%   28.00%   24.82%
20.18%   20.00%   15.18%
16.38%   25.00%   11.38%
PRS Score                                                        Country        PRS
 Less than              ERP            Default Spread         Albania           65.3
               50.000         29.82%        17.50% Below Ca   Algeria           68.8
               55.000         23.21%        12.84% Ca         Angola            66.3
               57.000         20.18%        10.70% Caa3       Argentina         60.5
               60.000         18.66%         9.63% Caa2       Armenia           60.8
               62.000         16.38%         8.02% Caa1       Australia         80.5
               64.000         14.86%         6.95% B3         Austria           78.8
               66.000         13.35%         5.88% B2         Azerbaijan        73.0
               68.000         11.83%         4.82% B1         Bahamas           74.5
               69.000         10.46%         3.85% Ba3        Bahrain           68.5
               72.000         9.57%          3.22% Ba2        Bangladesh        62.8
               74.000         7.89%          2.04% Baa2       Belarus           60.8
               76.000         7.43%          1.71% Baa1       Belgium           75.0
               80.000         6.28%          0.91% A2         Bolivia           64.0
               82.500         5.91%          0.64% Aa3        Botswana          79.3
               85.000         5.61%          0.43% Aa1        Brazil            70.0
               90.000         5.00%          0.00% Aaa        Brunei            81.8
                                                              Bulgaria          71.8
 Updated Default Spread (12/31/22)                            Burkina Faso      59.3
                0.00%                                         Cameroon          61.5
                0.43%                                         Canada            81.3
                0.53%                                         Chile             70.5
                0.64%                                         China, Peoples'   71.8
                0.75%                                         Colombia          63.5
                0.91%                                         Congo, Dem. Re    60.5
                1.28%                                         Congo, Republi    68.3
                1.71%                                         Costa Rica        71.5
                2.04%                                         Cote d'Ivoire     63.5
                2.35%                                         Croatia           74.0
                2.68%                                         Cuba              69.0
                3.22%                                         Cyprus            71.0
                3.85%                                         Czech Republic    75.8
                4.82%                                         Denmark           84.5
                5.88%                                         Dominican Repu    71.8
                6.95%                                         Ecuador           67.8
                8.02%                                         Egypt             55.8
                9.63%                                         El Salvador       66.0
               10.70%                                         Estonia           70.5
               12.84%                                         Ethiopia          59.3
               17.50%                                         Finland           78.5
                                                              France            71.8
                                                              Gabon             69.3
Gambia            66.0
Germany           79.3
Ghana             60.8
Greece            69.0
Guatemala         70.5
Guinea            57.5
Guinea-Bissau     64.5
Guyana            75.0
Haiti             54.5
Honduras          67.0
Hong Kong         78.8
Hungary           73.0
Iceland           79.8
India             70.3
Indonesia         69.8
Iran              62.8
Iraq              69.3
Ireland           82.8
Israel            74.0
Italy             74.5
Jamaica           72.3
Japan             80.3
Jordan            65.3
Kazakhstan        77.0
Kenya             57.0
Korea, D.P.R.     51.0
Korea, Republic   79.3
Kuwait            81.5
Latvia            72.0
Lebanon           35.0
Liberia           56.3
Libya             73.8
Lithuania         69.5
Luxembourg        85.5
Madagascar        62.8
Malawi            52.8
Malaysia          75.8
Mali              58.0
Malta             73.5
Mexico            66.8
Moldova           58.3
Mongolia          65.3
Morocco           66.3
Mozambique       54.5
Myanmar          56.0
Namibia          68.0
Netherlands      80.3
New Zealand      77.5
Nicaragua        63.5
Niger            52.8
Nigeria          58.5
Norway           86.8
Oman             76.5
Pakistan         48.8
Panama           73.8
Papua New Gui    69.3
Paraguay         63.8
Peru             69.3
Philippines      71.0
Poland           70.8
Portugal         75.5
Qatar            80.8
Romania          67.3
Russia           68.8
Saudi Arabia     84.3
Senegal          58.3
Serbia           66.5
Sierra Leone     53.0
Singapore        84.8
Slovakia         69.3
Slovenia         74.0
Somalia          51.5
South Africa     66.8
Spain            71.8
Sri Lanka        52.5
Sudan            43.0
Suriname         56.5
Sweden           80.0
Switzerland      87.3
Syria            48.8
Taiwan           84.8
Tanzania         65.3
Thailand         69.5
Togo             62.8
Trinidad & Tob   76.8
Tunisia          60.8
                                                     Turkey            57.3
                                                     Uganda            60.0
                                                     Ukraine           52.3
                                                     United Arab Emi   81.8
                                                     United Kingdo     74.5
                                                     United States     69.8
                                                     Uruguay           75.5
                                                     Uzbekistan        72.5
                                                     Venezuela         59.8
                                                     Vietnam           71.5
                                                     Yemen, Republi    55.8
                                                     Zambia            62.8
                                                     Zimbabwe          61.3
Row Labels           Average of Corporate Tax Rate
Africa                    29.15%
Asia                      23.10%
Australia & New Zealan    19.33%
Caribbean                 18.64%
Central and South Amer    27.93%
Eastern Europe & Russi    16.69%
Middle East               20.23%
North America             25.75%
Western Europe            20.02%
Updating Sequence
1. Relative Risk Worksheet
2. Sovereign Ratings
3. CDS Worksheet
4. Default Spreads
5. PRS Worksheet
6. Country GDP
7. Country tax rates
8. Regional Weighted averages