1.

About myself
Hello let me introduce myself. My name is Vadim Lobach Yuriyovych. I`m 20 years old. I`m from Ukraine, I live in Ivano-Frankivsk
region village Krasnoilla. I was born on the twenty eight of April in twenty o three. Now I study in Kherson State Maritime Applied
college of Kherson State Maritime Academy at Navigational department, and I`m going to work as a deck cadet on a vessel and
then i`m going to become a navigator. I studied in college for 3 years. My average result is 3.9. I am good at English, and Il like
subjects related with my future profession. Also I like sport, I spent four years in martial arts, now I like jogging and calisthenics.
My personal traits are adaptivity, punctuality, reliability, what`s more i`m disciplined and hardworking. I prefer healthy life-style. I
don`t consume alcohol, cigaretes, drugs and I try too eat helthy food and do sport regulary.
I want to be a seamen because a want to get salary for the skills I have. In addition I have all traits of character needed for the
seamen and moreover I like this job because it gives me the possibility to travel, meet new people and lead a dynemic lifestyle.
Also it is verry responsible profession, and I like when someone gives me responsible task. Honestly say, I am ready to work on
any type of vessel. Now it is important to me to get good practice, to get an experience and promotion for the future.
2. Family briefly
My family consist of my mother, father and me. I am single and don’t have children. I`m single, and don’t have children. My
mother is a housewife she is 45, my father is the head of security guard he is 54. My family holiday is New year, also we liked to
make picnics on the nature.
3. Advantages and disdvantages of profession
Advantages: very interesting profession, possibility to see new countries, a chance to meet new people and their culture, very
responsible profession, stable salary, provide
Disadvantages: I will not see my family for a long time, this job need to spend all your life and time for it
4. Documents for practice
I have all the documents. I have the foreing passport, seamen passport, all the neeaded sertificates (BST, firefighting, Survival
crafts and rescue boats, security certificate) yellow fewer vaccination, training record book, seagoing service record book.
5. Duties of the deck, duties on the bridge, duties on gangway
Im appling for a position of deck cadet,so I must always follow the orders of OOW.
Duties on the deck
Deck jobs include washing deck, clining tanks and holds, chipping rust, painting, cleaning various areas, lubricating, deck fittings,
maintenance of deck machinery (including mooring and anchoring equipment), help in anchoring and mooring.
Duties on the bridge
When the vessel is underway (на ходу)I must keep watch on the bridge. I must keep the area clean. I must follow the orders of
the OOW. If necessary I must execute (perform) (выполнять) helm (wheel) orders of the OOW. I must hoist (поднимать)the
flags and shapes in the day time and switch the navigational lights at night. I must study all aspects of navigational watch such as:
- Take bearing on the landmark (брать пеленг на береговой объект))
- Mark the vessel’s position on the chart (на карте)
- Take gyro-compass error (брать поправку гирокомпаса)
- Work with all navigational instruments
Duties on the gangway
When the vessel is in port I must keep watch at the gangway. I must meet all the visitors and check their documents. I must fill in
the gangway log book. I must keep the are clean. I must close all doors leading to the superstructure. I must check the mooring
lines from time to time. They shouldn’t be too taught or too slack. All my duties must be according to the ISPS Code.
6. Helm orders
Order Meaning
Midships Rudder to be held in the fore and aft position
Port/starboard 5 5 of port/starboard rudder to be held
Port/starboard 10 10 of port/starboard rudder to be held
Port/starboard 15 15 of port/starboard rudder to be held
Port/starboard 20 20 of port/starboard rudder to be held
Port/starboard 25 25 of port/starboard rudder to be held
Hard-a-port/starboard Rudder to be held fully over to port/starboard
Nothing to port/starboard Avoid allowing the vessel`s head to go to port/starboard
Meet her Check the swing of the vessel`s head in a turn
Steady Reduce swing as rapidly as possible
Easy to 5/10/15/20 Reduce amount of rudder to 5/10/15/20 and hold
Steady as she goes Steer a steady course on the compass heading indicated at
the time of the order. The helmsman is to repeat the order
and call out the compass heading on receiving the order.
When the vessel is steady on that heading, the helmsman is
to call out: “Steady on”
Keep the buyo/mark/beacon/… on port/starboard side
Report if she does not answer
 Finished with wheel, no more steering

(Port/starboard engines) Full ahead/astern

(Port/starboard engines) Half ahead/astern
(Port/starboard engines) Slow ahead/astern
(Port/starboard engines) Dead ahead/astern
Stop (port/starboard) engines
Emergency full ahead/astern Engine room personnel fully ready to manoeuvre and bridge
manned to relay engine orders)
Finished with engines Operation of engines no longer required
Bow thruster full/half to port/ starboard
Stern thruster
Bow/stern thruster stop

7. Types of vessel
First of all I`d like to give the classification of the vessels.
-Cargo ship – desinged to carry goods
-Navy ships – desinged to defend the coast of countries
-Fishing vessels – desinged to catch and process the fish
-Passenger vessels – desinged to carry passenger for short or long distances
-Special duty vessels (assistance) – desinged to assist other vessels in port or at sea
Cargo vessels
- Bulker is designed to carry dry bulk cargoes
- Tanker is designed to carry liquid cargoes
- Tanker - LNG ( liquified natural gas) or LPG ( liquified petroleum gas), ULCC ( Ultra Large Crude Carrier) VLCC (Very Large
Crude Carrier)- is designed to carry oil and oil products
- General cargo vessel – is deigned to carry general cargoes
- Heavy lift vessel – is designed to carry heavy cargoes
- Container - is designed to carry containers
- Refrigerated vessels – is designed to carry perishable (скоропортящиеся) cargoes
- Ro- Ro vessel is designed to carry cars. Roll on – roll of horizontal type of loading
- Multipurpose – it is designed to carry different types of cargoes
Special duty vessels:
-Tug (буксир)– tug is used to help the vessels to enter the port or leave the port
-Icebreaker (ледокол) – is used to break the ice and give the way for the other vessels
-Dredger (землечерпалка) – is used to deep( углублять) the canal or fairway(фарватер)
-Pilot boat (лоцманская шлюпка) – is used to reach(доставлять) the pilot on board and from the vessels
-Cable layer vessel (кабелеукладчик) – is used to lay (укладывать)the cables
-SAR – search and rescue is used in search and rescue operation
-Ferry – used to carry primarly passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water, usually rivers and
lakes
-Hovercraft (Air-cushion vehicle, ACV) – is a craft capable of traveling equally well over surfaces as land, ice, and water while
supported by a cushion of slow moving, high-pressure air which is ekected against the surface below and contained within a
“skirt”.
-Hydrofoil - a hydrofoil ship is a ship with “wings” mounted underneath the hull that lifts the ship partially out of the water .
Hydrofoils are among the fastest boats on the water, with top speeds of around 100-110 km/h (60-70 mph).
8. Types of cargo
All maritime cargo is divided into: Bulk cargo and generalcargo
Bulk cargo divided into: dry bulk cargo and liquid bulk cargo.
The liquid bulk cargoes such as oil, kerosene petroleum, lubricants are dangerous because
they have inflamable nature.
The liqud bulk cargoes are carried by tanker.
The dry bulk cargoes are carried by bulker.
The liquid bulk cargoes are loaded by shore pumps and discharged by vessl`s pumps
through the manifold system.
The dry bulk cargoes are loade straight into the hold in bulk and discharged by grabs.
Genaral cargo divided into: Break bulk, Neo bulk, Unitized
Break bulk cargo is carried in packages: sack, bag (мішок, coffe); barrel (бочка дерев’яна, wine); Bale (тюк, cotton); Box, Carton
box (Каротна коробка, electrical goods); Drum (бочка залізна, chemicals).
Neo bulk cargo – are heavy machinery, lumber, bundled steel, waste paper, cars, newsprint, livestock. These cargoes are carried
on deck. They should be properly secured.
Life stock is carried by life-stock vessels.
Neo bulk cargoes are loaded and discharged by cranes and derricks.
Unitized cargoes – are barges, closed wagons, trucks, forest products, metals and metal goods, machines, ellectronics, food,
chemicals, raw materials, consumer goods. They are carried like a unit. Vagon, container, lorry
9. Construction of the ship
1 Funnel
2 Poop deck
3 Stern
4 Propeller
5 Rudder
6 Fin stabilizer
7 Anchor
8 Bulbous bow
9 Bow
10 Forecastle deck
11 Portholes
12 Navigational bridge
13 bulwark

Forepeak tank and afterpeak tank – are used

forfresh water, ballast water and fuel.
Bulkheads – wall is used to divide the vessel into
watertight compartments.
Cofferdam – empty places between holds
Double bottom tanks – are used for carrying fresh water, ballast water, fuel and protect the hull of the vessel from damage.
Holds – cargo spaces that are used to carry dry cargoes.
Engine room – the main engine and auxiliary machinery is here.
Tweendecks – are used smaal parts of cargo (boxes, carton box) on the general cargo vessels.
Holds are used to carry dry cargoes such as grain, coal, ores, cement, sand but tanks are used to carry liquid cargoes such as oil
and oil products.
The main parts of the vessel are the hull and superstructure.
What spaces are there in the superstructure? – There are such spaces as:
Navigation bridge – is used for navigate and control the vessel
Accommodations spaces or cabins
Laundry – is used for washing dirty clothes
Galley – is used for cooking food for the crew
Store room – is used for store fruits and vegetables and all things for the crew
Mess room (кают компания) – is used for taking food
Conference room
Sick bay (hospital) – where crewmember can get first medical aid
10. Duties of crew member
C/O is responsible for the loading and discharging of the vessel as well as for
fire-fighting drills and boat drills. He usually carries out the role of Damage
Officer, Safety Officer and Training Officer. He conducts safety briefings for
the crew regularly.
2/O is responsible for all aspects of navigation (voyage planning, chart
correction, operation of navigation equipment). He is often designated Medical
Officer and GMDSS operator, in charge of maintaining distress signaling
equipment. He makes sure that bridge electronics, alarm systems and ship
navigation lights are in good working order. 2/O regular checks bridge
instruments and makes sure that up-to-date chart and nautical publication are
available on bridge.
3/O is responsible for all safety inspections and the upkeep of all life-saving
appliances and fire-fighting equipment on board.
The Bosun is resposible for deck works, mooring and anchoring equipment, for all the tackle. He is hed of ratings.
The AB (Able seamen) works on deck, he can be a helmsman and perform the helm orders of the OOW or the Master. He takes
part in mooring operations.
The OS (Ordinary seamen) works on the deck, take part in mooring and anchoring operations. He keeps watch at the gangway.
The diference between AB and OS, that AB keep watch at the navigational bridge, OS keep watch at the gangway.
Deck cadet is responsible for: work on deck (paint the deck, chipp off the rust, wash the deck), keep watch on the navigational
bridge and gangway, take part in mooring and anchoring operation, always follow the orders of OOW.
11. LSA (personal, group), HRU Hydrostatic release unit
IMO documents on LSA are LSA Code (the International Life-Saving Appiances Code), Chapter 3 of SOLAS Convention
SOLAS – is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.
LSA are divided into personal LSA, group LSA and visual siganls (hand flares, rocket parachute flares and buoyamt smoke signals).
LSA personal
1. Describe life jacket. (спас. жилет) Lifejacket is a sleeveless jacket made up of buoyant or inflatable material used to keep
human body afloat in water.
definition It is personal LSA which keeps person on water
number For all crewmembers and 2 spare
location In my cabin and in all working places
equipment Self-ignition light, whistle, lifting loop
2. Describe life-buoy(спас.круг) Is a saving buoy designed to be thrown to person in water to provide buoyancy.
definition It is personal LSA which keeps person afloat
number It depends on the length of the ship
location They are located on the handrails on the stb side
and port side, on the forecastle deck, on the stern,
on the bridge wings
equipment On the handrails the lifebuoys are equipped with
life line(28m), on the wings of the bridge they are
equipped with light and smoke signal
3. Describe immersion suit (гидрокостюм) A protective suit that reduces the body heat-loss of a person wearing it in cold
water.
definition It’s a suit which protects the person from hy-
pothermia and protects from cold water
number For all crewmembers
location In my cabin
equipment Material waterproof, keep the temperature of the
person 6 hours in water 0 – 1 degrees
TPA (thernal protective aid) - It is a waterproof suit that covers all the body except your face and provides protection down to -30
degrees.
Anti-exposure suit - It is a waterproof suit that reduces heat stress during rescue and evacuation operations.
LSA (group) – they are free fall life boat, rescue boat and tween fall life boat (enclosed life boat).
They are distinguished (различаются по типу спуска и цели использования)by types of launching and purpose of using. Free
fall life boat is launched by gravity force and is used for abandoning the ship, and rescue boat is launched by davits
(шлюпбалка)and is used to rescue people at sea and for the MOB drills.
Enclosed life-boat
The boat used to protect and provide an escape in an emergency evacuation or accident happen onboard or offshore platform.
The boates are launched and recoverd by gravity davits, patform davits, or hydroulic davits.
Free-fall lifeboat
The benefits of free-fall lifeboat are clear: during rapid evacuation in emergencies, the boat slides out from a ramp onboard the
ship/installation and hits the water well away from the ship or installation with a high positive forward motion. Passengers are
safe and secure in an enclosed cabin, safely strapped to anatomically-shaped seats. The lifeboat system is robust and can
withstand high winds, powerful waves and extreme weather conditions.
Life-raft
What types of life rafts do you know?
Launched by davits, with a help of HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit) mechanism and by manual launching
13. What is life boat construction?
Life boat has a rigid hull, (жесткий корпус) seats, outside life-line, diesel engine
14. What is the procedure of free fall life boat embarkation?
All crewmembers must gather on the Muster Station. Each crewmember should know his seat. They take their seats and fasten
their seat belts. The crewmembers don’t wear life jackets, but they take them.
15. What is the maximum capacity of life boat?
The maximum capacity of life boat is 150 persons.
16. What is life raft construction?
Life raft consists of : canopy(тент) which is used to protect people from weather conditions, entrance (вход) to board the life
raft, inside and outside life lines , which are used to hold on and controlled lamp (сигнальная лампа) to attract attention of
other ships and helicopters in SAR( search and rescue) operation.
17. What is inventory of life raft/life boat?
Life raft/ life boat should have:
-instruction manual how to survive
-first-aid outfit
-rescue quoit with a buoyant line
-knife
-three tin-openers
-sea-anchors (плавучий якорь)
-whistle
-radar reflector
-hand pump (ручной насос)
-electric torch (фонарик)
-two paddles
-food ration (пищевой рацион)
-store of fresh water (запас воды)
18. What types of pyrotechnics in life raft/ life boat can you name?
2 – buoyant smoke signals
4 – rocket parachute flares
6 – hand flares
19. What is the procedure of life raft launching?
1.Remove the side rails, then securing straps and any cover
2.Pull the life raft shackle out of canister and hook it onto the davit
3.Make sure that the deck is clear and the launch area is unobstructed
4.Pull out fully the painter and bowsing lines
5.Inflate the life raft and draw it to the ship’s sides with the bowsing lines
6.Check the liferaft for leaks and other damage before starting evacuation and board the life raft
7.Release the bowsing lines and launch the life raft.
20. What is the procedure of life boat launching?
1.Make sure that harbor pins are removed. Close drain plugs. Disconnect electrical charge cable. Embark and fasten seat belts.
2.Release gripes. Secure the hatches. Open vents (in safe atmosphere)/ Close vents (in dangerous atmosphere)
3.Operate brake release. Lower the boat at a steady position
4.Allow the boat to settle in the water. Keep brake off. Disengage falls
5.Start engine. Release painter and steer away from the ship
6.Rescue any swimming survivors. When clear of the vessel, stream the sea anchors.
HRU
HRU acts as a connecting media between life raft container and ship deck, where it is stored.
The HRU comes in action under the pressure of water exerted on HRU when the ship sinks below 4m of water level.
The HRU consists of a sharp knife or chisel which is used to cut the strap lashed over the container carrying life raft, but it still
holds the painter at the weak link.
The HRU is connected to the container through a lashing arrangement which can be disengaged quickly by means of slip hook
when launching the raft manually.
The HRU is connected to a strong point on deck through a weak link.
When vessel sinks, the HRU cuts the rope and the container floats to the surface of water.
As vessel sinks further, the tension in the painter causes the life raft to inflate out of the container.
The tension acting on the weak link will cause it to break making the life raft free from the ship.
When vessel sinks, the HRU cuts the rope and the container floats to the surface of water.

12. Fire-fighting equipment, duties in case of fire, classes of fire, types of extinguishers
Fire-fighting equipment
Duties in case of fire
1.First of all you must to find the location by smoke, specific sound of burning, incriasing temperature near palce of burning.
2.The second is to inform all crewmembers about this emergency. You can do in the following way:
1. break the glass of the fire-alarm box and press the button;
2. call up the bridge and inform the officer of the watch.
3.Restrict the fire so that it can`t be spread all over the vessel. For that aim you need to close the door neear the place of fire and
close all ventilation shafts to restrict access of oxygen. It will be useful to cut off electricity supply to avoid electrocution while
fighting the fire.
4.Afetr that fire team may start extinguishing the fire, using the appropriate equipment to put out the fire.
Classes of fire
Class A: These are fires involving combustible materials like bedding, clothing, cleaning rags, wood, rubber, paper, and some
types of plastics.
Class B: These are fires involving inflammable liquids such as petrol, oil, paint as well as some waxes & plastics.
Class C: These are fires involving inflammable gases, e. g. natural gas, hydrogen, propane, butane.
Class D: These are fires involving combustible metals, e. g. sodium, magnesium, potassium and others.
Class E: These are electrical fires caused by short circuit, overheating or spreading of a fire from elsewhere.
Types of extinguishers

13. Types of emergencies, alarms, duties in case of MOB, Muster List, Muster Station
Types of emergencies
Fire/explosion can arise from failure or faulty operation of equipment, self-ignition caused by careless with open fire or smoking
in the bunk.
Collision can be caused by failure of machinery or rudder, insufficient wach keeeping or navigational faults, or poor vivsibility and
bad weather conditions.
Grounding, like collision, can be caused by navigational faults, failure of machinery or rudder, bad weather or ship dragging its
anchor.
Flooding occurs, when the ship hull, deck or hatches are damaged.
Icing can be dangerous for smaller vessels. It reduces stability.
A man over board (MOB)
Types of alarm
General alarm Is sounde in case of fire, flooding, Seven or more short
grounding, gas leakage.
MOB Man over board Three prolonged
Radiation hazard One short and two prolonged
Chemical alarm Four short and one prolonged
Duties in case of MOB (when someone sees a person fallen)
1)Throw the lifebuoy or life ring, I would be perfect if it is eqquipped with life-line.
2)Inform the OOW and raise the alarm
3)You must keep sharp lookout and never lose a sight of a person.
4)The OOW must perform th Williamson turn in order to save a person of being killed by propeller.
5) Launch a lifeboat and recover a person on board again and provide him with appropriate medical assistance.
Duties on case of MOB (when noone sees a person fallen)
1)Find out when the crewmemeber seen for the last time and calculate the approximate area of the emergency taking into
account ship`s course and speed and currents in the are alert and help you to find your casualty.
2)At the same time coastal stations will be alert and rescue team will start the search.
3) After broadcasting the message OOW must retrace the course and move slowly in the opposite direction trying to spot a
person in the water with the help of constant sharp lookout.
Muster list
The muster list is a document where special instruction and duties of the crewmembers in case of emergency are written.
Muster station
The muster station is a place aboard ship where all crewmembers must come in case of emergency.

14. PPE
Body parts Protective clothes Hazard
Head Helmet Falling object, sideway blows, crashing
Ear Ear plugs, ear muffs High noise level
Eyes Welding goggles, goggles Flying particles, high intensity spank
Breathing Respirator, breathing apparatus Toxic air, oxygen deficiency
Hand Different types of gloves Heat resistant, welding
Foot Special footwear with slip-resistant Protect contact with heat, cold, sharp objects
sole and reinforced toecaps
Body Safety harness, overall, coverall Protect from hazardous substance

Chemical resistant gloves Protect your hands from corrosive, toxic substances such as acids and other chemicals
Heat resistant boots/ Protect your feet/hands from burns and high temperatures while welding, fighting fire and other
gloves hot works
Respirator Protects from dangerous substances in the air you breath by filtrating it
Breathing apparatus Protects from oxygen deficient atmospheres in enclosed spaces such as tanks, holds etc.
Welding apparatus Protect your eyes from infra-red and ultra-violet rays while welding
Leather gloves Protect your hands from cuts, scratches and splinters while working with sharp or rough objects
Metal toed boots Protect your feet (especially toes) from falling objects and injuries while working on deck
Safety harness Protect you from falling while working at a height of more than 2 meters

Hazardous elements aboard Danger zones

All dangerous parts of machinery, electrical equipment, slippery surface. Deck, engine room, ladders, staircases, galley.

15. Mooring

1) Head line – keep forward part of the ship against the dock.
2) Forward breast line – keep close to pier
3) Forward or head spring – prevent forward movement
4) Back or aft spring – prevent backward movement
5) Aft breast line – keep close to pier
6) Stern line – prevents forwards movements
MORING COMANDS
Mooring Line Commands:
-Pass One: send the first line over to the pier but do not take a strain
-Slack: pay out the line so that it is not under tension and it forms an easy bight
-Take a strain: heave on a line until it is under tension
-Take in the slack: heave on a line until the bight is removed, but do not take a
strain
-Ease: pay out just enough slack to remove the tension from the line
-Avast heaving: stop heaving a line, but hold whatever tension currently exists
-Check: hold the current tension on a line by either paying out or heaving in as appropriate
-Hold: take enough turns about the capstan or bitt so that the line will not slip
-Double up: run additional lines or bights of lines as needed to make the mooring secure
-Single Up: take in all lines except whichever the captain specifies (usually the springs.
-Stand by the lines: man the lines, be ready to cast off or moor
-Take in: retrieve a specific line from the pier
-Cast off: remove the lines from the bitts or bollards
16. Anchoring

17. COLREG
18. MARPOL
STEPS TO PREVENT OIL SPILLAGE OVERBOARD
Every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship other than an oil tanker of 400 gross tonnage and above shall
carry on board a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan approved by the Administration.
The equipment and supplies of the SOPEP Locker or SOPEP Kit must include:
1) Sorbents,
2) Scoops, shovels, brooms, mops, and buckets,
3) Containers suitable for holding recover waste,
4) Oil booms,
5) Protective clothing,
6) A minimum one portable pump with hoses.
These items must be stowed in any easily accessible locker, clearly marked, and is to be brought on deck ready for immediate
use, prior to all oil transfer operations.
STEPS TO PREVENT OIL SPILLAGE OVERBOARD.
1) If anybody sees oil on deck immediately close the ship side scuppers and alarm the ship staff by shouting and contacting duty
officer on bridge and engine room.
2) Stop all the transfer immediately and locate the effected tank and its sounding pipe and vent position.
3) Emergency muster to be called up by the master and everybody must carry out their duty as listed in the muster list for oil
spill.
4) Use of SOPEP equipment and other means to be done to contain the spill within the ship.
5) Lower the quantity of spilled tank to a safer level in any other permissible tank.
6) Putting saw dust over the scupper plug will give an additional barrier for oil to go overboard.
7) Collect the spread oil in a 200 litre SOPEP drum and clear the affected area.
8) Master to enter the whole scenario in the ship’s incident
report form and call up for meeting to discuss the accident so
such accidents can be avoided in near future.
*A scupper plug is designed to fit in the holes and to keep
water from coming in.
19. ISPS Code
20. ISM Code International Safety Management the part of ISM is SMS
21. IALA system (buoys and beacons)
22. MLC Maritime Labour Convention
23. International flags

24. Maritime geography

25. Maritime meteorology
26. IMDG Code