Section 3.

READING
Text 1. Question 1-5:
A fact that draws our attention is that, according to his position in life, an extravagant man is either admired or loathed. A successful
businessman does nothing to increase his popularity by being prudent with his money. A person who is wealthy is expected to lead a
luxurious life and to be lavish with his hospitality. If he is not so, he is considered mean, and his reputation in business may even suffer in
consequence. The paradox remains that he had not been careful with his money in the first place; he would never have achieved his
present wealth.
Among the low income group, a different set of values exists. The young clerk, who makes his wife a present of a new dress when he
has not paid his house rent, is condemned as extravagant. Carefulness with money to the point of meanness is applauded as a virtue.
Nothing in his life is considered more worthy than paying his bills. The ideal wife for such a man separates her housekeeping money into
joyless little piles – so much for rent, for food, for the children’s shoes, she is able to face the milkman with equanimity every, month
satisfied with her economizing ways , and never knows the guilt of buying something she can’t really afford.
As for myself, I fall neither of these categories. If I have money to spare I can be extravagant, but when, as is usually the case, I am hard
up and then I am the meanest man imaginable.
1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title a) Thoughtful in spending only on guests and strangers.
for the passage: b) Unconcerned in treating his friends and relatives.
a) Being extravagant is always condemnable. c) Stinginess in dealing with his relatives.
b) The cause of poverty is extravagance. d) Extravagance in entertaining guest.
c) Extravagance is a part of the rich as well as of the 4. The word ‘paradox’ in the last sentence of the first
poor. paragraph means
d) Stingy habits of the poor. a) Statement based on the popular opinion
2. According to the passage the person, who is a successful b) a statement that seems self-contradictory but in
businessman and wealthy reality expresses a possible truth.
a) Is expected to have lavish lifestyle. c) Statement based on facts
b) Should not bother about popularity. d) A word that brings out the hidden meaning
c) Is more popular if he appears to be wasting away his 5. What is the meaning of the word “equanimity”?
time. a) Calmness
d) Must be extravagant before achieving success. b) Discomposure
3. The phrase ‘lavish with his hospitality’ in the third sentence c) Equivocal
of the first paragraph means d) Dubious

Text 2. Questions 6-10:

If a person suddenly encounters any terrible danger, the change of nature one undergoes is equally great. Sometimes fear numbs our
senses. Like animals, one stands still, powerless to move a step in fright or to lift a hand in defense of our lives, and sometimes one is seized
with panic, and again, act more like the inferior animals than rational beings. On the other hand, frequently in cases of sudden extreme
peril, which cannot be escaped by flight, and must be instantly faced, even the most timid men at once as if by miracle, become possessed
of the necessary courage, sharp quick apprehension and swift decision. This is a miracle very common in nature. Man and the inferior
animals alike, when confronted with almost certain death ‘ gather resolution from despair’ but there can really be no trace of so
debilitating a feeling in the person fighting, or prepared to fight for dear life. At such times the mind is clearer than it has ever been; the
nerves are steel, there is nothing felt but a wonderful strength and daring. Looking back at certain perilous moments in my own life, I
remember them with a kind of joy, not that there was any joyful excitement then, but because they broadened my horizon, lifted me for a
time above myself.
6. The title that best suits the passage would be: b) strengthen
a) The Will to Fight c) debase
b) The Miracle of Confronting Danger d) thriving
c) The Change of Nature 9. Explain the phrase ‘gather resolution from danger’.
d) Courage and Panic a) Find peace in times of difficulty.
7. A man may react to sudden danger in three different ways. b) A state of utter hopelessness makes one determined
What are they? to face the difficulty.
a) He may flee in panic, or fight back or stand still. c) To remain calm and not to lose hope.
b) He may be paralyzed with fear, seized with panic or d) To be enthusiastic and brave the odds.
act like an inferior animal. 10. The author feels happy in the recollection of dangers faced
c) He may be paralyzed with fear, or seized with panic, and overcome because
or as if by miracle, become possessed of the necessary courage, a) They brought him a new experience.
and face the danger. b) They added a new perspective and lifted him above
d) He may be paralyzed with fear, run away or fight. himself for a time.
8. What is the meaning of the word debilitating ? c) These experiences boosted his confidence.
a) enfeeble d) He felt elated as he was alive.

Text 3. Questions 11-15:

“People very often complain that poverty is a great evil and that it is not possible to be happy unless one has a lot of money. Actually,
this is not necessarily true. Even a poor man, living in a small hut with none of the comforts and luxuries of life, may be quite contented
with his lot and achieve a measure of happiness. On the other hand, a very rich man, living in a palace and enjoying everything that money
can buy, may still be miserable, if, for example, he does not enjoy good health or his only son has taken to evil ways. A part from this, he
may have-a lot of business worries which keep him on tenterhooks most of the time. There is a limit to what money can buy and there are
many things which are necessary for a man’s happiness and which money cannot procure. Real happiness is a matter of the right attitude
and the capacity of being contented with whatever you have is the most important ingredient of this attitude”.
11. The phrase “on tenterhooks” means: b) money alone can give happiness
a) in a state of forgetfulness c) money always gives happiness
b) in a state of thoughtfulness d) money seldom gives happiness
c) in a state of anxiety 14. Which of the following statement is true?
d) in a state of sadness a) A poor but contented man is aIways happy
b) Only a poor but contented man can be happy
12. A rich man’s life may become miserable if he: c) A poor but contented man can never be happy
a) has business worries and his only son has taken to evil d) A poor but contented man can be happy
ways 15. Which of the following is the most appropriate title to the
b) has evil son, bad health and business worries passage?
c) does not enjoy good health a) Money and contentment
d) has business worries b) Poverty, a great evil
13. It is true that: c) The key of happiness
a) Money alone cannot give happiness d) Contentment, the key to happiness

Text 4. Questions 16-20:

The crowd surged forward through the narrow streets of paris.There was a clatter of shutters being closed hastily trembling hands -
the citizens of Paris knew that once the fury of the people was excited there was no telling What they might do. They came to an old house
which had a workshop on the ground floor. A head popped out of the door to see what it was all about “Get him! Get Thimonier! Smash his
devilish machines!” yelled the crowd.
They found the workshop without its owner. M. Thimonier had escaped by the back door. Now the fury of the demonstrators turned
against the machines that were standing in the shop, ready to be delivered to buyers. They were systematically broken up and destroyed -
dozens of them. Only when the last wheel and spindle had been trampled under foot did the infuriated crowd recover their senses.
“That is the end of M'Sieur Thimonier and his sewing machines,” they said to one another and went home satisfied. Perhaps now they
would find work, for they were all unemployed tailors and seamstresses who believed that their livelihood was threatened by that new
invention.
16. The people thought that c) the closings of workshop.
a) Thimonier was mad d) Thimonier for keeping the invention a secret.
b) their lives were in danger. 19. The aim of the crowd was to
c) the sewing machine was dangerous. a) kill Thimonier
d) they would be deprived of their livelihood. b) drive Thimonier away
17. Shutters were being closed because the shopkeepers c) destroy the sewing machines
a) wanted to protect Thimonier. d) humiliate Thimonier
b) wanted to attack the crowd. 20. The passage throws light on
c) feared their shops would be destroyed. a) how a well-meant invention can be misunderstood.
d) wanted to support the crowd. b) why inventions should be avoided
18. The crowd was protesting against c) how dangerous an invention can be.
a) the misdoings of Thimonier. d) what mischief an inventor can do to ordinary people
b) the newly invented sewing machine.

Text 5. Reuters – bringing you the news. Questions 21-25.

Thomson Reuters is one of the world’s biggest suppliers of news and financial information. Formerly known as Reuters Group PLC, it
has a worldwide network of 2,000 journalists and provides news stories, photographs, and video to newspapers, television, and internet
sites. Although it is most commonly known as a press agency, in fact Reuters makes most of its profits through giving financial information
such as currency rates and stock prices to bankers and investors all over the world.
The history of Reuters goes hand in hand with improvements in communication technology. Reuters was established by Paul Julius von
Reuter. Originally a bookseller in Germany, he set up a service using carrier pigeons to fly stock prices between Aachen in Germany, where
the German telegraph line ended, and Brussels in Belgium, where the Belgian telegraph line began. In 1851, London had an important
place in the global telegraphic network and due to this, Reuter moved to an office near the London stock exchange. From there, he could
supply investors in London and Paris with stock prices over the new Dover–Calais telegraph line. The service grew to include news items,
and by the late 1850s, he had offices throughout Europe. As overland and undersea cables were laid, Reuter’s business grew and began to
operate in the Far East in 1872 and South America in 1874. Reuter was the first to publish some groundbreaking news items, for example, it
was the first in Europe to announce President Lincoln’s death in 1865. Reuter retired in 1872 and the company changed its name to
Reuters Ltd. In 1923, Reuters began to use teleprinters to distribute news to London newspapers and to supply news to Europe.
Reuters was restructured in 1941 in order to maintain its independence as a press agency. At the same time, in the face of competition
from American agencies after World War Two, Reuters increased its financial information services. In 1964, Reuters introduced
Stockmaster, which transmitted stock information from around the world onto computer screens. In 1973, the launch of the Reuters
monitor created an electronic marketplace for foreign currency by displaying currency rates in real time. Reuters expanded this to include
news and other financial information. This was followed by the Reuters monitor dealing service in 1981, which allowed foreign currency
traders to trade directly from their own computer.
In the 1990s, Reuters continued to develop information systems including multimedia and online services. It bought a number of
companies, including a television company which was called Reuters Television. Reuters Television provides news, sports, business, and
entertainment via satellite to broadcasters in more than 90 countries. Today’s Reuters is still based on its ‘trust principles’, which state that
news and information from the company must be independent and objective. Reuters’ journalists have to provide accurate and clear
descriptions of events so that individuals, organizations, and governments can make their own decisions based on facts. Reuters merged
with Thomson’s financial information division in 2007 and, as a result, its new name is Thomson Reuters. It remains a leader in what has
become a multi-billion dollar industry.
21. Reuters is best known B the teleprinter was invented.
A for its wide network of journalists. C cables were laid across the continents.
B as a financial information service. D it announced the death of President Lincoln.
C for the advice it gives to investors. 24. The company developed its financial services because
D as a global news agency. A of increased competition.
B it introduced Stockmaster.
22. Paul Reuter moved to London because C trading in foreign currency increased.
A he wanted to be near the stock market. D of pressure from the electronic marketplace.
B telegraphic services in Germany had finished. 25. Reuters grew due to its
C he could supply stock prices over the new line. A buying other companies.
D London was important in the telegraphic network. B using satellites to send information.
23. The company’s business increased when C providing accurate and clear descriptions of events.
A Paul Reuter retired. D increasing the number of journalists working for it.

Text 6. Questions 26-30:

Everyone deals with integrity underlying moral issue in their everyday life. Most of our parents would have taught us during our
growing up years that we must inculcate this virtue because it is the right thing to do. Question arises-What is integrity? It means honesty -
keeping to one's word even if it costs us dearly to do so. If you pledge to 'love, honour and cherish your spouse until death do you part',
you must honour that promise. If you agree to do a task, you must do it.
Integrity comes in many forms, but honesty and dependability are two traits that are expected in most workplace situations.
Irresponsible behaviour and distrust can make a work environment tense and uncomfortable. A strong work ethic shows co-workers and
clients that you're reliable and take your responsibilities seriously. Polite communication, respectable behaviour and fiscal irresponsibility
also help you stand out as a trustworthy employee.
Working diligently when you're on the clock is a clear example of workplace integrity. Socializing, surfing the Internet, making personal
phone calls, texting and frequent snacking are activities that detract from work time. Saving those activities for break time will show your
boss, co-workers and customers that you work hard when you're on the clock. Even if you don't actually clock in and out with a time card,
focusing on your work responsibilities while you're at your desk, work station or production area will showcase your strong work habits.
Abiding by company policies is another powerful way to demonstrate integrity. Cutting corners and neglecting to follow workplace
regulations can lead to mistakes, problems and even dangerous situations. Your willingness to properly record financial transactions, safely
dispense of hazardous or toxic materials, follow company protocol for dealing with clients, perform clean-up or set-up procedures and
properly maintain equipment shows others that you're not just looking for the easy way out. Establishing yourself as a trustworthy worker
who submits to company policies shows your boss and coworkers that you'll faithfully carry out your duties.
Respecting those you work with reveals your desire to create a healthy work environment. Polite communication, appropriate
interactions and respect for co-workers' thoughts and ideas demonstrate your ability to look beyond your own interests to pursue team
centred work goals. As you deal with co-workers honestly and respectfully, you establish a level of trust with them. Integrity in the
workplace also stems from moral and ethical behaviour. Making sure there's no reason to question your conduct is one of the best ways to
prove that you are an honest and dependable employee. Avoid using company products or equipment for personal use and submit exact
receipts for travel or meal reimbursements. Don't over-promise what you can't provide and strive to meet deadlines. Work productively
and cooperate during company meetings so you don't appear lazy or apathetic, and don't call in sick if you aren't. By exhibiting responsible
behaviour, you don't give co-workers or clients the opportunity to question your integrity.
26. What do you mean by the phrase 'on the clock'? d) Both 2 and 3
a) To see if it is a time for a break 29. Which of the following is not correct in the context of
b) To be working the passage?
c) Not on duty a) Ethical behaviour helps you become a trustworthy
d) You have limited amount of time employee
27. Which of the following activities prove that the b) To follow all the policies of a company is also an
employee is sincere? example of integrity
a) Punctuality and dependability c) One should not make promise to meet deadlines
b) Strong work ethics d) Employees detract from their work when they misuse
c) Honesty and responsible behaviour the facilities
d) All the above 30. What are the two traits of integrity as given in the
28. What is the main advantage of demonstrating passage?
integrity at the workplace? a) Distrust and work environment
a) It helps build up ethical behaviour b) Strong work ethics and dependability
b) It increases dependability c) Honesty and responsible behaviour
c) It creates a healthy work-environment d) Dependability and Honesty

Text 7. Questions 31-40:

Mercy killing is the act of killing someone painlessly especially to relieve someone suffering from an incurable illness. It is also known
as Euthanasia. It came from the Greek words, Eu (good) and Thanatopsis (death), but it relates to most painful and enigmatic question for
the terminally ill patients, be it Cancer, AIDS, accidental or traumatic coma, and innumerable vincurable diseases, waiting for the end to
come but the end is not so easy it’s quite painful. The quality of life, in such a serious critical conditions is bleak, caregivers stress is also
insurmountable, and the only prayer is that “DEATH" should embrace the patient in good grace for an eternal peaceful abode. In such a
situation, if the death is not imminent but sure, the question arises why not the patient is artificially induced for a death, of course
medically. But currently there are cases of misuse of euthanasia, for example in cases where the patient is pressured by family members to
give consent to the ending of their lives.
 The legalisation of voluntary euthanasia provides an opportunity for safeguards against just such a situation, and other instances of
coercion and fraud. Mercy Killing is legally punishable and religiously a sin however worst may be the condition of the patient. In addition,
doctors are afraid to openly discuss end-of-life decisions with patients due to illegalities. This prevents an open and honest relationship
between doctor and patient in which the doctor can discover the patient's wishes regarding his/her own life and death. That's why in every
medical centre, there is statuary warning that the physicians concerned will not reveal the gender to the patient. Because most of the
Indian families said to have a dislike for female child. A simple scan if reveals a viable female foetus and they presumably run for abortion,
with the medical aid or illegally with the help of quacks to imperil both the lives.
The most important question is here whether the too terminally ill, with the pain which cannot be described in words, should they live
waiting for the death to grace or can euthanasia be legally permitted for the embrace death with dignity. The government of India is
against bringing any laws on mercy killings. The Supreme Court bench however had stated while writing the judgement -'If we leave it
solely to the patient's relatives or to the doctors or the next friend to decide whether to withdraw life support to an incompetent person,
there is always a risk in our country that this may be misused by some unscrupulous persons who wish to inherit or otherwise grab the
property of the patient. Considering the low ethical levels prevailing in our society today and the rampant commercialisation and
corruption, we cannot rule out the possibility that unscrupulous persons with the help of some unscrupulous doctors may fabricate
material to show that it is a terminal case with no chance of recovery.'
31. What is the general idea of the text?
a) Mercy killing is religiously punishable
b) Mercy killing is a painless death for somebody incurable
c) Mercy killing is getting more and more widespread
d) Mercy killing is ethically correct
32. Choose the word which is MOST OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as given below -
Caregiver
a) Dependent
b) Uncontrolled
c) Answerable
d) Nurse
33. Opposite. Imperil
a) Counterfeit
b) Endanger
c) Expose
d) Flagrant
34. Insurmountable
a) Beatable
b) Attainable
c) Custodian
d) Invincible
35. Choose the word which is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
Enigmatic
a) Unexplainable
b) Known
c) Plain
d) Clear
36. Complete the following given sentence in the context of the passage: Mercy killing is legally ________ and religiously a
__________ however worst may be the condition of the patient?
a) criticised, need
b) valid, boon
c) punishable, sin
d) favourable, void
37. Why is the Supreme Court against the mercy killing?
a) Because it's against the religion
b) The case of suicide will definitely increase
c) It can't be legalised
d) It can be misused by scrupulous person for grabbing the property of the patient
38. In the context of the given passage which of the following is the last option for those suffering from incurable diseases?
a) Prayer for his/her 'DEATH'
b) Assist in suicide
c) Must be provided better treatment
d) Their relative should appeal in the Supreme Court against the law of mercy killing
39. Which of the following depicts the importance of mercy killing?
a) It maintains family honor
b) Because it's inhuman to put patients through the suffering that is the direct result of their illness
c) It's extremely secret and discrete in nature
d) All the above
40. Which of the following best describes Mercy Killing?
a) It is the homicide of a member of a family or social group or other members
b) The unlawful killing, with malice of another human
c) It's harmful, irrational and regrettable killing of a member of a family
 d) The act of putting to death painlessly by withholding medical measures from a person suffering from an incurable or painful
condition

Text 8. Questions 41-50:

Every year, the sun irradiates the land masses on earth with the equivalent of 19,000 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). Only a
fraction — 9 billion toe — would satisfy the world’s current energy requirements. Put differently, in 20 minutes, the amount of solar energy
falling on the earth could power the planet for one year. Every hour the sun beams onto Earth more than enough energy to satisfy global
energy needs for an entire year. Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun’s energy and make it useable. Today, the
technology produces less than one tenth of one per cent of global energy demand. All energy originates with the sun except for nuclear,
geothermal and tidal energy. Solar energy comes to us as high intensity radiation (light energy). As it falls on the earth, it is transformed
into heat by any surface or material — be it the atmosphere, soil, buildings, or even the furniture in front of a window. This heat also drives
the world’s weather systems including wind, rain and river flow.
Through photosynthesis, plants also turn solar energy into new growth. Many people are familiar with so-called photovoltaic cells, or
solar panels, found on things like spacecraft, rooftops, and handheld calculators. The cells are made of semiconductor materials like those
found in computer chips. When sunlight hits the cells, it knocks electrons loose from their atoms. As the electrons flow through the cell,
they generate electricity. Photo-voltaic were initially, and still are, used to power small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator
powered by a single solar cell to off-grid homes powered by a photovoltaic array. They are an important and relatively inexpensive source
of electrical energy where grid power is inconvenient, unreasonably expensive to connect, or simply unavailable. However, as the cost of
solar electricity is falling, solar power is also increasingly being used even in grid-connected situations as a way to feed low-carbon energy
into the grid. On a much larger scale, solar thermal power plants employ various techniques to concentrate the sun’s energy as a heat
source. The heat is then used to boil water to drive a steam turbine that generates electricity in much the same fashion as coal and nuclear
power plants, supplying electricity for thousands of people. In one technique, long troughs of Ushaped mirrors focus sunlight on a pipe of
oil that runs through the middle. The hot oil then boils water for electricity generation. Another technique uses movable mirrors to focus
the sun’s rays on a collector tower, where a receiver sits.
Molten salt flowing through the receiver is heated to run a generator. Other solar technologies are passive. For example, big windows
placed on the sunny side of a building allow sunlight to heat-absorbent materials on the floor and walls. These surfaces then release the
heat at night to keep the building warm. Similarly, absorbent plates on a roof can heat liquid in tubes that supply a house with hot water.
Solar energy is lauded as an inexhaustible fuel source that is pollution and often noise free. The technology is also versatile. For example,
solar cells generate energy for far-out places like satellites in Earth orbit and cabins deep in the Rocky Mountains as easily as they can
power downtown buildings and futuristic cars. But solar energy doesn’t work at night without a storage device such as a battery, and
cloudy weather can make the technology unreliable during the day. Solar technologies are also very expensive and require a lot of land
area to collect the sun’s energy at rates useful to lots of people. Despite the drawbacks, solar energy use has surged at about 20 per cent a
year over the past 15 years, thanks to rapidly falling prices and gains in efficiency. Japan, Germany, and the United States are major
markets for solar cells. With tax incentives, solar electricity can often pay for itself in five to ten years.
41. Which of the following is FALSE in the context of the given c) Melted
passage? d) Docile
a) It brings you an array of solutions from standalone 46. Which of the following is true in the context of the given
rooftop solar panels for homes and small businesses passage?
b) Solar energy is the endless energy which is received a) Photovoltaic systems use no fuel
from the sun b) Indian government has announced various financial
c) Solar system a cost-effective incentives to encourage the use of Solar power
d) None of these c) Solar power is not competitive with fossil fuels in India
42. Which of the following word is the most SIMILAR word of d) None of these
LAUDED? 47. What's main shortcoming of Solar Energy?
a) Glorified a) It's a unreliable source of energy
b) Praised b) It doesn't work at night without a storage
c) Planted c) It is a limited source of energy
d) Concerned d) All the above
43. Which of the following word is the most OPPOSITE word of 48. Which of the following is not a source of energy?
Inexhaustible? a) Solar thermal power plants
a) Finite b) Nuclear power plants
b) Endless c) Coal
c) Unlimited d) None of these
d) Calculable 49. Which is the expensive source of electrical energy?
44. Which of the following is the most OPPOSITE word of a) Grid power
passive? b) Photovoltaic cells
a) Lifeless c) Generator
b) Active d) Solar cells
c) Colourful 50. Solar panel is also known as
d) Important a) Sources of solar energy
45. Which of the following is the most SIMILAR word of b) Rooftops
Molten? c) Photovoltaic
a) Glowing d) Leclanche cell
b) Igneous