TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER PAGES
INTRODUCTION 1-7
REVIEW OF LITREATURE 8 - 18
OBECTIVE OF THE STUDY 19 - 21
HYPOYTHISIS OF THE STDUY 22 - 24
RESEARCH AND METHOLODGY 25 - 29
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTTERPRETION 30 - 36
CONCLUSION 37-38
BIBLOGRAPHY 39
REFERRENCE 40 - 42
APPENDIX 43 - 46

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 INTRODUCTION

E-Commerce:
Business has been looking for ways to increase their profits and
market share. The search for more efficient ways of doing business
has been driving another revolution in the conduct of business. This
revolution is known as “Digital transformation”.

Electronic commerce:

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, encompasses the buying and

selling of goods and services over the internet, as well as the transfer of
money and data to execute these transactions. It has revolutionized the way
businesses operate, providing a platform for global trade accessible to
businesses of all sizes. E-commerce platforms vary widely, from simple
online marketplaces like eBay to complex systems integrating inventory
management, payment processing, and customer relationship management.
The rise of e-commerce has significantly impacted traditional brick-and-
mortar retail, prompting businesses to adapt or risk becoming obsolete. Key
drivers of e-commerce growth include increased internet penetration,
advancements in mobile technology, and the growing acceptance of online
payments. Additionally, e-commerce has enabled businesses to reach a
wider audience, personalize marketing efforts, and streamline operations
through automation. However, it also poses challenges such as
cybersecurity risks, logistical complexities, and the need to navigate
regulatory environments across different jurisdictions. Despite these
challenges, e-commerce continues to thrive, with projections indicating
sustained growth in the years to come, fuelled by innovations in artificial
intelligence, augmented reality, and blockchain technology. As e-commerce
continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly shape the future of commerce,
blurring the lines between online and offline retail experiences and
reshaping consumer behaviour on a global scale. Security mechanisms
authenticate the source of information, guarantee the integrity of the
information received, prevent disclosure of information to inappropriate
users, and document that the information was received by the intended
recipient. Prior to the development of e-commerce, the process of
marketing and selling goods w a s a m a s s - m a r k e t i n g a n d s a l e s -
force driven process. Customers were
v i e w e d a s passive targets of advertising “campaigns”.
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Selling was conducted in well-insulated “channels” .Consumers were
trapped by geographical and social boundaries, unable to search widely for
the best price and quality-commerce has challenged much of this traditional
business thinking.

E-Commerce Defined:
“The use of internet and the WEB to transact business. More
f o r m a l l y , d i g i t a l l y enabled commercial transactions between and
among organizations and individuals. ” Electronic commerce is
commerce via any electronic media, such as TV, fax, and o n l i n e
networks. Internet-based commerce makes use of any
I n t e r n e t f a c i l i t y a n d service. Web-based commerce focuses on the
opportunity of the World Wide Web apparatus, in particular, its ubiquity
and its ease of use.”

Benefits/Features of E-Commerce:
Electronic commerce increases the speed, accuracy, and efficiency
of business and personal transactions. The benefits of E-commerce include
the following:

Ubiquity:
Ubiquitous e-commerce denotes the pervasive nature of online transactions
across various platforms and devices, seamlessly integrating into
consumers' everyday lives. It transcends traditional boundaries of time and
space, allowing customers to shop anytime, anywhere, using computers,
smartphones, or other internet-connected devices.

Ubiquitous e-commerce encompasses a wide array of transactions, including

business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B), and consumer-to-
consumer (C2C) interactions. It facilitates a frictionless shopping experience
through features like personalized recommendations, secure payment
gateways, and efficient order fulfilment processes.

Furthermore, ubiquitous e-commerce fosters global market reach, enabling

businesses of all sizes to expand their customer base beyond geographical
limitations. It empowers entrepreneurs to establish online storefronts with
minimal overhead costs, leveraging digital marketing strategies to attract
and engage potential buyers.

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In essence, ubiquitous e-commerce epitomizes the modern retail landscape,
where convenience, accessibility, and connectivity converge to redefine the
way people buy and sell goods and services in the digital age. Traveling to
market, at a broader level, the ubiquity of e-commerce lowers the cognitive
energy required to transact in a marketplace. Cognitive energy refers to the
mental effort required to complete a task.

Global Reach:
E-commerce technology permits commercial transactions
toc r o s s c u l t u r a l a n d n a t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s f a r m o r e c o n v e
n i e n t l y a n d c o s t effectively than is true in traditional
commerce. As a result, the potential market size for e-
commerce merchants is roughly equal to the size of the
world’s online population. The total number of users or
c u s t o m e r s a n e - commerce business can obtain is a measure of its reach

Universal Standards:
The technical standards for conducting e-commerce are
Universal standards
– They are shared by all nations around the world. The
universal technical standards of e-commerce greatly lower the
market entry costs
- The cost merchants must pay just to bring their goods to market.
At the same time, for consumers, universal standards reduce
search cost
– The effort required to find a suitable product.

Richness:
Information richness refers to the complexity and content of
a message.

Interactivity:
E-commerce technologies are interactive, meaning they allow f o r
two-way communication between merchant and consumer. It
allows
ano n l i n e m e r c h a n t t o e n g a g e a c o n s u m e r i n w a y s s i m i l a
r t o a f a c e - t o f a c e experience, but on a much more massive , global
scale.

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Information Density:
The internet and the Web vastly increase information density
–the total amount and quality of information available to all
market participants, consumers, and merchants alike. Ecommerce technolo
giesr e d u c e i n f o r m a t i o n c o l l e c t i o n , s t o r a g e , p r o c e s s i n g , a
n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n 12costs. At the same time; these technologies
increase greatly, the accuracy and timeliness of information-making
information more useful and important than ever. As a result
information becomes more plentiful, cheaper and of higher quality.

Personalization/Customization:
E-commerce technologies permit
Personalization
– Merchants can target their marketing messages to specific
individuals by adjusting the message to a person’s name, interests,
and past purchases. The technology also permits

Customization:
Changingthedelivered product or service based on a user’s preference or pri
or behavior. Given the interactive nature of e-commerce technology, a
great deal of information about the consumer can be gathered in the
marketplace at the moment of purchase. With the increase
in information density, a great deal of information about the
consumer’s past purchases and behaviour can be stored and
used by
onlinem e r c h a n t s . T h e r e s u l t i s i n c r e a s e i n t h e l e v e l
o f p e r s o n a l i z a t i o n a n d customization
Electronic payment system is a mode of payments over an electronic
network such as the internet. In other words, we can say that e-payment is a
method in which a person can make Online Payments for his purchase of
goods and services without physical transfer of cash and cheques,
irrespective of time and location. Electronic payment system is the basis of
on-line payments and on-line payment system development is a higher form
of electronic payments. It makes electronic payments at any time through
the internet directly to manage the e-business environment. In real world
we have two distinct types of payment systems: (1) Internet –Based
payment system There are four models of Internet-Based payment system:
1. e-Cash 2. Credit Card 3. Debit Card 4. Smart Card (2) Electronic Transaction-

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Based payment system 1. Secure Electronic Transaction 2. Cyber Cash 3. Net
Bill 4. First Virtual Holdings

ONLINE TRANSCATIONS ISSUES :

Now-a-days world is becoming digitalized in every field and one of the best
example of this is various countries in the world are moving towards
becoming a cashless society. A cashless society is the one which doesn’t use
cash for any of its transaction instead all the transactions are done digitally.
There are various countries in the world which have more than 50% of their
transactions through cashless methods. According to a study conducted by
Capgemini and BNP Paribas, digital payments are expected to reach about
726 billion transactions by the year 2020. In India 98% of the total
transactions used to be done through cash but after the Demonetization of
the Government on Nov 8 2016, our country has also started getting steered
towards a cashless society. Due to the Demonetization act already existing
mobile payment applications came into the limelight like Paytm, Google pay,
Phone Pe etc. The Digital India program is a flagship agenda of the
Government of India with vision to transform India into a digitally
empowered society and a knowledge economy. “Faceless, Paperless,
Cashless is one of the professed roles of Digital India. The Prime Minister of
India Mr. Narendra Modi has empowered India to adopt cashless
transactions by giving digital payments sector of India a significant boost.
The digital payment sector of India experienced a unpredicted growth since
Demonetization in November 2016. Digital wallet companies in India has
shown a growth of 271% for a total value of US$2.8 Billion i.e Rs 191 crores. A
Google- BCG Report had estimated that the digital payment industry in India
will experience a growth of US $ 500 billion by 2020. Government of India is
also encouraging various digital payment apps such as Aadhaar Payment
app, UPI App, Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) app along with private
sector apps like Paytm, Mobikwik, Free charge etc. Such new apps are
beneficial to transfer funds across various parts of our country. Digital
payments industry in India is growing on a rapid pace providing a highly
attractive platform for foreign investors to invest in India. A study on online
payment applications in India with reference to Amazon Pay Page 12  WHAT
IS DIGITAL PAYMENT? Digital Payment means when any goods or services
are purchased through the use of various electronic modes of payments
which means there is no use of physical cash or cheques in digital payment.

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Now-a-days people use Digital Payments more is because Digital payment
methods are easier and more convenient and they also provide customers
the flexibility to make the payment from anywhere at any time which proves
as a good alternative to the traditional methods of payment and which
fastens the transaction cycles. 10 Types of Digital Payment methods in India:
- 1. Banking Cards- Debit/Credit / Prepaid Cards. 2. USSD (Unstructured
Supplementary Service Data). 3. AEPS (Aadhar Enabled Payment System). 4.
UPI Mobile (Unified Payments Interface). 5. Mobile Wallets. 6. Bank Pre-paid
Cards. 7. POS Terminals. 8. Internet Banking. 9. Mobile Banking. 10. BHIM
App (Bharat Interface for Money).  WHAT IS A DIGITAL WALLET? An
electronic device or online service that allows an individual to make
electronic transactions is called a digital wallet. An individual’s bank account
can also be linked to the digital wallet. One in five customers in Asia are now
using a digital wallet. Some of the popular digital wallets are Paytm, Free
charge, LIME, Jio Money, Airtel Money, State Bank Buddy, Citrus, Mobikwik,
PayUMoney etc.

i. PayTM:- PayTM is an Indian e-commerce

operator and Financial Technology company.
Paytm was founded in August 2010 by its founder
Mr. Vijay Shekhar Sharma. In 2014, the company
launched its first Digital E-wallet known as Paytm
Wallet. Paytm offers Digital wallet payment,
mobile payments, online shopping, Paytm
Payments Bank etc.

ii. Google Pay:- Google Pay also known as G Pay or

Pay with Google it is also one type of Digital Wallet
and online payment system developed by Google. The
services of Android Pay and Google wallet merged in
January 2018 and the name was changed to Google
Pay. On September 2017, Google launched an UPI-
based app known as TEZ in India which was later
rebranded as Google Pay. Google pay has more than

6
25 million active users in a month of the digital wallets in India. Google pay
transactions are safe and secure. Google Pay enables you to: - Send and
receive money.  Store your credit/ debit card information safe. And use this
information to pay for various items on various apps.

v. YONO by SBI:- This mobile wallet application

was introduced by State Bank of India. This wallet
offers its services in 13 Languages. The word
YONO means You Only Need One, this app helps
users to access various financial and other
services, it acts as a Digital Banking platform
which offers various services such as online
shopping payments, booking tickets of (train, bus,
taxi, flights), it also allows customers to make medical bill payments. YONO
app was launched in the year 2017 by Mr. Arun Jaitley, the then Finance
Minister of India. This app can also be used by customers to make ATM
withdrawals as well as this app can be used to make various fund transfers,
etc.

vi. Amazon Pay:- Amazon owns

Amazon Pay, it is an online payment
processing service which was launched
in the year 2007. The service of Amazon
Pay is available in total 18 countries in
the world. There is no registration fees
for Amazon Pay. Amazon Pay has
undergone various changes on its
evolution so that the payment process would become more quick, simple
and efficient for the customer. Amazon pay does not share the card details
with the merchants to avoid theft and fraud. Amazon Pay gives the option
to the user to pay with their amazon pay account to external or third party
websites. Amazon pay can be used on both in Amazon app as well as in third

7
party e-commerce websites/apps. Amazon pay can be used to make the
payment from grocery shopping to smart home appliance

REVIEW OF LITRREATURE

E-Commerce industry Need for selecting the ecommerce Industry :

commerce combines web technology with business economics India, one of

the fastest growing economies presents a world of opportunities to
entrepreneurs, investors, and researchers with an interest in the global
economy. India’s e-Commerce industry is on the growth curve and
experiencing a spurt in growth. With this increased interest comes a surge in
demand for facts, trends and indicators. Highly concentrated urban areas
with very high literacy rates, Avastrural population with fast increasing
literacy rate, a rapidly growing internet user base, technology advancement
and adoption and such other factors make India a dream destination for
ecommerce players. E-. As of the last 10 years, online visibility for such online
enterprises now heavily relies on the relationship between the own online
sales platform and Search Engines for improved traffic consisting of
presumable customers with the intent of acquiring products or services
related to the customers’ needs. In2008 an Internet behavioural analysis
showed that over 90% percent of internet users’ online sales platform and
Search Engines for improved traffic consisting of presumable customers
with the intent of acquiring products or services related to the customers’
needs. In2008 an Internet behavioural analysis showed that over 90%
percent of internet users

8
15

Make use of search engines at least once a week, stating that online
visibility through the use of search engines now is a crucial business
marketing aspect.

Logo of e commerce:
The eCommerce industry continues to grow at a rapid pace translating the
rules of traditional retailing and enabling merchants to tap into customer
segments, demographics and regions that were difficult to access through
the traditional retailing methods. As the rapid Internet Penetration, the
widening network of online payment solutions, the progressively wider
acceptance of online commerce and the maturity in fulfilment solutions
provide a robust backbone for wider and rapid adoption of eCommerce,
merchants today are also faced with some of the most unique challenges
retailing has ever witnessed. ECommerce business houses small or big,
generic or specialized, today need to deal with fierce global competition
right at the doorstep. Rapid loss of differentiation, extremely price sensitive
fickle customer loyalty, evolving global regulations, short product lifecycles
and dropping margins are just some of the significant business challenges
that eCommerce business today need to deal with upfront. These challenges
require merchants to develop unique strategies to liaison with partners &
service providers and adopt radical strategies for eMarketing,16

9
Internet Advertisement, Brand identity management, pricing,
fulfilment, payments, channel convergence, customer behaviour analysis
& personalization and an online as well as offline shopping experience
besides core commerce that is beyond the realms of traditional
eCommerce.

The Five Different Types of E-Commerce

E-commerce is the process of buying and selling of various products
and services by businesses through the Internet. It deals various kind of
business concern, from retail s i t e o f t h e c o n s u m e r , w h i c h i n c l u d e s
a u c t i o n . T h e m a i n f o c u s i s t o c o n c e n t r a t e o n business substitutes
involving goods and services between various corporations’-commerce is
the purpose of Internet and the web to Conduct business but when
we c o n c e n t r a t e o n c o m m e r c i a l d e a l s a m o n g o r g a n i z a t i o n s
a n d i n d i v i d u a l s d e m a n d i n g selective information systems under the
guarantee of the firm it accepts the form of
e- business. Nowadays, the word ‘e’ is hitting momentum. If you’re looking t
o get intothis business, one of the fore most things you have to have
is a Virtual Private Cloud Hosting keeping the traffic in mind and
respecting customer’s valuable time. There are primarily five types of e-
commerce models:
17

BUSINESS TO CONSUMER (B2C)

B2C stands for Business to Consumer as the name suggests, it
i s t h e m o d e l t a k i n g businesses and consumers interaction.
10
Online business sells to individuals
.
The basic c o n c e p t o f t h i s m o d e l i s t o s e l l t h e p r o d u c t o n l i n e
t o t h e c o n s u m e r s . B 2 C i s t h e indirect trade between the
company and consumers. It provides direct selling through o n l i n e .
For example: if you want to sell goods and services to
c u s t o m e r s o t h a t anybody can purchase any products directly
from supplier’s website. Directly interact w i t h t h e c u s t o m e r s i s
the main difference with other business model. As

B 2 B i t manages directly relationship with consumers, B2C supply

chains normally deal

with business that are related to the customer

.

BUSINESS TO BUSINESS (B2B)

B2B stands for Business to Business. It consists of largest form of
Ecommerce.
Thism o d e l d e f i n e s t h a t B u y e r a n d s e l l e r a r e t w o d i f f e r e n
t e n t i t i e s . I t i s s i m i l a r t o manufacturer issuing goods to the
retailer or wholesaler. Dell deals computers another associated
accessories online but it is does not make up all those products. So, in
govern to deal those products, first step is to purchases them from
unlike businesswise. the producers of those products
.
“It is one of the cost-effective way to sell out product throughout the world
“Benefits:
•Encourage your businesses online
•Products import and export

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•Determine buyers and suppliers
•Position trade guides

CONSUMER TO CONSUMER (C2C)

C2C stands for Consumer to Consumer. It helps the
o n l i n e d e a l i n g o f g o o d s o r services among people. Though
there is no major parties needed but the parties will not fulfil
the transactions without the program which is supplied by the
online market dealer such as eBay.

PEER TO PEER (P2P)

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It is a discipline that deal itself which assists people to
i n s t a n t l y s h a r e s r e l a t e d computer files and computer
s o u r c e s w i t h o u t h a v i n g t o i n t e r a c t w i t h c e n t r a l w e b server.

If you are going to implement this model, both sides demand

t o i n s t a l l t h e expected software so that they could able to convey on the
mutual platform. This kind o f e - c o m m e r c e h a s v e r y l o w r e v e n u e
p r o p a g a t i o n a s f r o m t h e s t a r t i n g i t h a s b e e n tended to the
release of use due to which it sometimes caught involved in cyber laws

1) According to Mamta, Prof. Hariom Tyagi and Dr. Abhishek

Shukla(2016) The article entitled “The Study of Electronic Payment
Systems”. This study aims to identify the issues and challenges of
electronic payment system and offer some solutions to improve
the e-payment quality. The successful implementation of electronic
payment system depends on how the security and privacy
dimensions perceived by consumers as well as sellers are popularly
managed in turn would improve the market confidence in the
system.

2) According to Sujith T S, Julie C D(2017) The article entitled

“Opportunities and Challenges of E-Payment System in India”. This
study aimed to identify the issues and challenges of electronic
payment systems and offer some solutions to improve the e-
payment system. E-Payment system not only provides more
opportunities but many threats also. The study found that, the
reach of mobile network, Internet and electricity is also expanding
digital payments to remote areas. This will surely increase the
number of digital payments.

3) According to Sanghita Roy and Dr. Indrajit Sinha (2014) The article
entitled “Determinants of Customer‟s Acceptance of Electronic
Payment system in Indian Banking sector”. The objective of the
study was finding out the most popular electronic payment system
among the various payment options. This study also analyzed the
level of awareness and the usage of E-payment technologies. The

13
 main aim of the study was to determine all the factors influencing
the customer‟s adoption with Technology acceptance model. The
study was based on primary data. The data was collected through a
structured questionnaire by means of survey and also focused on a
group of respondents. The result of this study was 4 Factors which
contribute towards the strengthening the E-payment system in
India and those are- Innovation, Incentive, Customer convenience
and Legal framework. A study on online payment applications in
India with reference to Amazon Pay.

4) According to Ashish Baghla (2018) This research paper titled “A

Study on the Future of Digital Payments in India” focused on the
adoption of Digital payments in India. This paper identifies the
problems or challenges faced by the people of India in adopting
Digital modes of payment. One of the objectives of this study was
to find out the attitude of the people towards the adoption of
digital payment in India. The research methodology used in this
research i.e the data is collected from both the primary and
secondary sources , the primary has been collected through a
questionnaire from 110 people. The paper concluded that the
efforts by the government to make India cashless is going well but
it will take time for India to become completely cashless as there
are various challenges which the government has to take care of.

5) According K. Suma Vally and Dr. K. Hema Divya (2018) This

research paper titled “ A Study on Digital Payments in India with
perspective of consumers adoption.” focuses on the analysis of the
level of adoption of these digital payments by the consumers. The
research methodology used that is the data collected is a primary
data and is collected through a structured questionnaire and the
results has been collected through 183 respondents. The research
tool used to analyze the data is Chisquare technique. The main
objective of this study was to verify the customers perception on
Digital Payment with the concept of Digital banking in our country.
This study also suggested that appropriate measures should be

14
 taken to create awareness about various technology and security
of the usage of digital payments in India.

6) According to Prof. Sana Khan and Ms. Shreya Jain (2018) This
research titled “A Study on Usage of E-payments for Sustainable
Growth of Online Business” focuses on the on the frequency and
the problems faced by consumers while using online payment
methods. The researchers also examined the effect of e-payments
contribution towards the sustainability of the business growth in
India, these were the main objectives of this research paper. The
research conducted is a descriptive research and the primary data
was collected through a structured questionnaire send to users of
epayment methods and the sample size was 100 participants which
was collected random sampling technique. The tools used in this
research was Pivot tables and frequency. The findings of this
research suggested that the users of e-payments have increased
and it has become more popular and that majority of the users
used online payments because of coupons and discounts in those
transactions. A study on online payment applications in India with
reference to Amazon Pay

7) According to Priyanka. S. Kotecha (2018) The research paper titled

“An Empirical study of Mobile Wallets in India” focuses on the
meaning of M-Wallet and highlights the advantages and
disadvantages of M-Wallet in India. The researcher studied various
categories in Mobile Wallets in India. The research methodology
used for data analysis in this research is a conceptual study and
also descriptive in nature. In this research paper it is also shown the
growth of Mobile wallets in India from the year 2012 till the year
2016. The paper concluded that mobile wallets are growing rapidly
mainly because of convenience in transactions and various
shoppers are also demanding mobile payments because of which
mobile wallets are growing in forthcoming years.

15
8) According to Pawan Kalyani (2016) The research paper titled “An
Empirical Study about the Awareness of Paperless ECurrency
transaction like E-wallet using ICT in the Youth of India” this paper
stresses on the paperless transactions that is getting popular all
over the world in the form of Digital Wallet. In this research the
researcher also analysed the various types of e-wallets in the world
and also various Indian e-wallets services. The researcher is trying
to analyze all the information on the awareness and usage of
various e-wallets by the Indian market. The data collected for this
research was through a structured questionnaire and after
examining the result of this survey it was concluded that Digital
wallets which are associated with online businesses are popular
but those which are associated with the banks are doing fine. The
paper concluded with the suggestion that the practical usage and
the awareness of these digital wallets should be increased by
adding more value added services to these wallets for better
efficiency.

9) According to Dr Hem Shweta Rathore (2016) The study titled

“Adoption of Digital Wallet By Consumers” focuses on the factors
which influence customers decision about using digital mode of
payment for a particular transaction. The researcher also tried to
analyze the various risks and challenges faced by the customers
while using various digital wallets. The data was collected through
a structured questionnaire which was responded by 132
respondents. This research used Quantitative method ANOVA for
getting the statistical result from the respondents. The researcher
also gave some suggestions like to educate the consumers about
the benefits of using digital wallets as a payment mode. This
research paper concluded that Digital wallets will quickly become
popular mode of payment as it is convenient and will gain huge
widespread acceptance in the market. A study on online payment
applications in India with reference to Amazon Pay

16
10) According to Dr S. Manikandan and J.Mary Jayakodi (2017) The
research titled “An Empirical study on Consumers Adoption of
Mobile Wallet with special reference to Chennai City” focuses on to
explain the usage of mobile wallets and this paper also states the
challenges faced by the users while using various mobile wallets
which affects the decision of consumer adoption of mobile wallets.
For this research a structured questionnaire was prepared and
through which a total of 150 responses were collected. This study
stated the various types of E-wallets which is given by the RBI. This
study used ANNOVA as a research tool to analyze and to get the
statistical result from the collected data. The researcher concluded
the paper with the fact that users are satisfied with the usage of
mobile wallet and the challenging factors to the users are the
security and the safety of funds during a transaction. The paper
also concluded that convenience in shopping , brand loyalty these
features also play an important role in the adoption of mobile
wallets by the consumers.

11) According to Rachna and Priyanka Singh (2013) The research paper
titled “Issues and Challenges of Electronic payment systems” aims
to identify the issues and challenges faced while using electronic
payment systems and this paper also offer some solutions to
improve the quality of e-payment system. This paper stated some
issues such as lack of security, lack of trust in such payment
services by the consumers, lack of awareness by the consumers,
online payment services are not feasible in rural areas of our
country. This paper also stated some of the measures to handle
those problems such as encryption, digital signature, firewalls, and
can request for more identification in case of any doubts. The
paper concluded with the facts that e-payment systems can be
successful if the privacy of the consumers and the security
dimensions are well managed which would increase the confidence
of the customers on such payment applications.

17
 12) According to N Ramya, D Sivasakthi and Dr. M Nandhini (2017) The
research paper titled “Cashless transactions: Modes, advantages
and Disadvantages” focuses on to state the efforts by the RBI and
the Government of India to promote the digital modes of
payments and to achieve the goal of a „less cash society‟. The
researcher also studied the various modes of cashless transactions
such as e-wallets, mobile wallets, UPI apps, AEPS, USSD system,
debit/credit cards for payments. This researcher also provided
various advantages of using cashless modes of payments such as-
convenience, tracking the expenditures, avail various discounts,
lower risk, and can pay small denominations etc. This research
paper also stated certain disadvantages of going cashless and
those are- overspending increases, difficult for people who are not
used to such technology, losing phone can be problematic, higher
risk of identity theft and hacking consumers data etc. A study on
online payment applications in India with reference to Amazon Pay
The researcher concluded that digital transactions can bring in
efficiency, transparency, accountability in transactions and will be
beneficial to both the merchants as well as the consumers as they
are becoming comfortable in using online modes of payment.

A peer-to-peer (P2P) service is a decentralized platform whereby two

individuals interact directly with each other, without intermediation by a
third party. Instead, the buyer and the seller transact directly with each
other via the P2P service.

Unlike the client-server model, in which the client makes a service request
and the server fulfills the request, the P2P network model enables
each node to function as both a client and server.

P2P systems can provide anonymized routing of network traffic, massive

parallel computing environments, distributed storage and other functions.
Most P2P programs focus on media sharing, so P2P mostly associates with
software piracy and copyright violation.

18
P2P applications typically enable users to control many parameters of
operation. Some of those parameters are the following:

 how many member connections to seek or allow at one time;

 which systems to connect or avoid;

 which services to offer; and

 how many system resources to devote to the network.

Some P2P applications simply connect to some subset of active nodes in the
network with little user control.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1] To learn about the existing trends in e-commerce industry today •

2] To analyse in depth the benefits and limitations of

o n l i n e t r a n s a c t i o n s o f products.

3] To examine the online shopping sites prevalent in Lucknow such as the

mall.

4] To observe the future of the industry and recommend improvement

idea

The objective of this e-commerce study is to examine and analyze the

impact of various factors on consumer behavior and satisfaction within
the online shopping environment. The primary hypothesis posits that
factors such as website usability, product variety, pricing transparency,
and customer service significantly influence consumer decision-making
and overall satisfaction in e-commerce transactions.

19
By investigating these factors, the study aims to uncover patterns and
insights that can help e-commerce businesses enhance their platforms
and services. The hypothesis suggests that a seamless and user-friendly
website interface, coupled with a diverse product range, will positively
affect consumers' purchasing decisions. Additionally, the transparency of
pricing and the quality of customer service are expected to contribute to
customer satisfaction and loyalty.

The research methodology involves collecting quantitative data through

surveys and analyzing it using statistical techniques. Through this
approach, the study seeks to validate or refute the initial hypothesis,
providing actionable insights for e-commerce businesses to improve their
strategies and better cater to consumer needs. Ultimately, the study
aspires to contribute valuable knowledge to the evolving landscape of
online retail, fostering a deeper understanding of the factors driving
successful e-commerce experiences.

Research objectives state or describe what the research is trying to

achieve or what we expect to achieve by the project. The objectives of
the study give a brief idea about the areas of the research which is
studied. Research objectives help in the formulation of Hypothesis for
the study and it also helps in narrowing down the research and helps in
focusing on the point. Here are some of the objectives of the study:-  To
study the impact of online payment applications on consumers  To
analyze the problems faced by the users while using online modes of
payment.  To know whether going cashless has helped the Indian
economy. A study on online payment applications in India with reference
to Amazon Pay Page 43  HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY The principal
instrument in any research is the Hypothesis of the research. A
hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the research problem to be
solved. The integral part of a research project is the framing of the
hypothesis. Hypothesis framed has to be clear, precise and specific.
Hypothesis framed should consider the objectives of the research. There
are two types of hypothesis i.e Null hypothesis and Alternative
hypothesis. The null hypothesis states that there is no relation between
the variables. The alternative hypothesis states that there is relation
between the variables. The Hypothesis designed should help us to find if
there is any relation between the variables that is being studied in the
research project. The study on the topic is based on 1 Hypothesis: -
Hypothesis 1:- H0: There is no significant relationship between Amazon
Pay and consumer satisfaction. H1: There is significant relationship
20
between Amazon Pay and consumer satisfaction. A study on online
payment applications in India with reference to Amazon Pay TYPES OF
STUDY There are various types of study for doing a research and they
are: Quantitative Research:- Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity or the amount. It is applicable to the
phenomena that can be expressed through quantity. Quantitative
research is used to solve problems through numbers. It is a systematic
investigation by collecting quantifiable data and performing
mathematical and statistical techniques.  Qualitative Research:-
Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomena which
means the quality or the kind. This type of research is used in behavioural
sciences in which it is important to find the underlying motives and
desires of human behaviour. Qualitative research can be applied using
words, feelings, emotions etc. Applied Research:- Research can be
applied (action) research which aims to finding the solution for an
immediate problem facing by the society or any business organization. In
applied research the main aim is to find the solution to a particular
problem. Empirical Research:- Empirical research is based on experience
or observations. It is research which is based on data which is capable of
being verified by experiment so it can be called as an experimental
research . In this type of research the researcher should get the facts,
data or the evidence to prove or disprove his hypothesis. A study on
online payment applications in India with reference to Amazon Pay Page
45  Analytical Research:- In Analytical research the researcher has to use
already available facts, information, data and analyze them to draw a
critical evaluation on the material. Descriptive Research:- This type of
research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of various kinds. The
main characteristics of this research is that the researcher has no control
over the various variables of the research and can only report of what
has happened or what is happening. In social science and business and
finance we often use descriptive research and descriptive research is
studied by taking various Review of literature in the research project. The
best advantages of conducting descriptive research is that we can study
both the qualitative aspects of the research as well as the quantitative
aspects. This research is based on Descriptive study as it studies both the
qualitative and quantitative aspects of online payment applications .
Descriptive research is used to understand the concept behind the topic
and to find the problems faced on the research. However my research
also studies various Review of literature which acts as a base for the
study. In this research various online payments applications are studied

21
and focus is given to Amazon Pay and my research analyses consumer
behaviour towards online payment applications.
Research objectives state or describe what the research is trying to
achieve or what we expect to achieve by the project. The objectives of
the study gives a brief idea about the areas of the research which is
studied. Research objectives help in the formulation of Hypothesis for
the study and it also helps in narrowing down the research and helps in
focusing on the point. Here are some of the objectives of the study:
-  To study the impact of online payment applications on consumers
 To analyse the problems faced by the users while using online modes
of payment.
 To know whether going cashless has helped the Indian economy

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The principal instrument in any research is the Hypothesis of the research. A

hypothesis is a proposed explanation for the research problem to be solved.
The integral part of a research project is the framing of the hypothesis.
Hypothesis framed has to be clear, precise and specific. Hypothesis framed
should consider the objectives of the research. There are two types of
hypothesis i.e Null hypothesis and Alternative hypothesis. The null
hypothesis states that there is no relation between the variables. The
alternative hypothesis states that there is relation between the variables.
The Hypothesis designed should help us to find if there is any relation
between the variables that is being studied in the research project. The
study on the topic is based on 1 Hypothesis:
- Hypothesis 1:-

H0: There is no significant relationship between Amazon Pay and consumer

satisfaction.

22
 H1: There is significant relationship between Amazon Pay and consumer
satisfaction

LIST OF TOP E-COMMERCE COMPANIES OF INDIA:

20North.com :
This website offers variety of products like electronics,books
,music,movies,car accessories.The site
also offers lucrative deals.Log onto the site
t o s h o p . H a p p y Shopping!!!
99labels.com:
This site offers many fashion and luxury brands at good
prices.Checkk this site for more brands .
Dealsandyou.com:
This site offers various kinds of deals be it holidays, shirts
e t c . A l s o t h i s s i t e g i v e s heavy discounts on regular basis that cab
be profitable for the shoppers. Browse this site for more.
Fashionandyou.com:
This site also is a great place to shop and that too
s i t t i n g a t h o m e . A l s o , t h i s s i t e declares sale and heavy discounts
almost every day. Sign Up today to get more deals.
Flipkart:
This site offers various kinds of products and that too a
t o n e p l a c e . M o b i l e , i t s accesorries,books,camera and laptop
accessories and many more things are
availableo n t h i s s i t e . O n e c a n f i n d d e a l s f o r h o m e a p p l i a n
c e s a l s o t h a t a r e a v a i l a b l e a t affordable prices. Check this site.
Indiangiftsportal:
This is known for providing gifts for various occasions like
birthdays, anniversary, wedding, bhai dooj, Diwali and many more. Also

23
flowers, cakes, chocolates and manymore things are offered by this site.
Browse it today to send gifts to your loved ones.

MagazineMall:
This company specifically deals in magazines and one can get
magazines of different and unique categories like
Gardening/Housekeeping, lifestyle, fashion, luxury, current affairs and many
more.
Myntra:
The site offers fashionable clothes for men,women,kids. Also this site has
products of almost all the famous brands. The prices quoted by this site are
also affordable.
Naaptol:
The site offers products like mobiles,cameras,laptops,jewelle
r y , g i f t s a n d w h a t not.check this site.

Snapdeal:
This site offers lucrative deals that can be beneficial for you
a l l . F r o m L o r e a l t o vacations, the site has the deals. Sign up today to
avail the deals
Amazon :
Multinational tech conglomerate, founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, renowned
for e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and AI innovations.
IndiaMART.co.in :
Indian e-commerce company founded in 1996, facilitating business-to-
business and business-to-customer sales, connecting buyers and sellers
across diverse industries.
Alibaba:

24
Chinese multinational e-commerce, retail, internet, AI, and technology
conglomerate, founded by Jack Ma, facilitating online commerce globally.
Reliance :
It is an Indian conglomerate known for its diverse businesses including
telecommunications, energy, retail, and digital services.
jiomart :
It is an e-commerce platform operated by Reliance Retail, offering a wide
range of groceries and household essentials, leveraging technology and a
vast network for seamless online shopping and doorstep delivery.

RESEARCH AND METHOLODGY

The process used to collect information & data for the purpose of making
business decisions. The methodology may include publication research,
interview, surveys and other research techniques & could include both
present & historical information. The researcher has used only secondary
data that has been collected from various articles, journals, books,
websites etc. This has been used to study the conceptual framework,
definition, present trends and some of the challenges and opportunities
of E-commerce in India. All the data included is the secondary base and
proper references have been given wherever necessary.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY is a way to systemically solve the research

problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is
done. and it to study the v a r i o u s s t e p s t h a t a r e g e n e r a l l y a d o p t e d

25
b y a r e s e a r c h e r i n s t u d y i n g h i s r e s e a r c h problem it is necessary for
the researcher to design the methodology form the problem as a method
differ from problem- problem.

 RESEARCH PROCESS
Before embarking on the detail of research methodology and the
techniques it seems appropriate to present the brief overview of
the research process. Research process consists of series of action
or steps necessary to effectively carried out the research a n d t h e
desired sequencing of these steps one should remember that
the desired sequencing of these steps. One should remember
t h a t v a r i o u s s t e p s i n v o l v e i n a re search process are not mutually
exclusive nor they are separate and distinct they
don o t n e c e s s a r i l y f o l l o w e a c h o t h e r . a n y s p e c i f i c o r d e r
a n d r e s e a r c h e r steps in the research process however the
following order concerning various steps provide a useful
procedural guideline regarding the research process.

 DEFINING THE PROBLEM:

The objective of the project was to undertake a study on the
t w o m a j o r b a n k i n g systems of Indian and United States of America.
Reserve Bank of India & US Federal Reserve System is the leading Banks of
their countries.

 DEVELOP A RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is a conceptual structure within which research is
conducted; it is basically the blue print for a collection of data,
measurement and analysis of data
. “A search design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and
analysis of datai n m a n n e r t h a t a i m s t o c o m b i n e r e l e v a n c e t o
r e s e a r c h p u r p o s e w i t h e c o n o m y i n procedure”.

 Data collection
I have used secondary data for which I have searched report related
topics, articles and columns from different Internet Websites & Books.

 Secondary data
Internet Books Journal Manuals Annual reports

 DATA COLLECTION

26
The task of data collection begins after research
p r o b l e m h a s b e e n d e f i n e d a n d research design/ plan chalked
out while deciding about the data collection to be used for studying
one type of data is used and there is no option for Primary Data.

 Primary data: Not used

 Secondary data: On the other hand are those which have

already been collected bysomeone else and which have been
already passed.

There are various types of study for doing a research and they are:
Quantitative Research:- Quantitative research is based on the
measurement of quantity or the amount. It is applicable to the
phenomena that can be expressed through quantity. Quantitative
research is used to solve problems through numbers. It is a systematic
investigation by collecting quantifiable data and performing
mathematical and statistical techniques.
Qualitative Research:- Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative
phenomena which means the quality or the kind. This type of research is
used in behavioural sciences in which it is important to find the
underlying motives and desires of human behaviour. Qualitative research
can be applied using words, feelings, emotions etc. 
Applied Research:- Research can be applied (action) research which aims
to finding the solution for an immediate problem facing by the society or
any business organization. In applied research the main aim is to find the
solution to a particular problem. 
Empirical Research:- Empirical research is based on experience or
observations. It is research which is based on data which is capable of
being verified by experiment so it can be called as an experimental
research . In this type of research the researcher should get the facts,
data or the evidence to prove or disprove his hypothesis.
Analytical Research:- In Analytical research the researcher has to use
already available facts, information, data and analyze them to draw a
critical evaluation on the material
Descriptive Research:- This type of research includes surveys and fact-
finding enquiries of various kinds. The main characteristics of this
research is that the researcher has no control over the various variables

27
of the research and can only report of what has happened or what is
happening. In social science and business and finance we often use
descriptive research and descriptive research is studied by taking various
Review of literature in the research project. The best advantages of
conducting descriptive research is that we can study both the qualitative
aspects of the research as well as the quantitative aspects. This research
is based on Descriptive study as it studies both the qualitative and
quantitative aspects of online payment applications . Descriptive
research is used to understand the concept behind the topic and to find
the problems faced on the research. However my research also studies
various Review of literature which acts as a base for the study. In this
research various online payments applications are studied and focus is
given to Amazon Pay and my research analyses consumer behavior
towards online payment application
The data for this study consists of secondary sources such as Books
chapter, Research Journals, Government Publications, Newspapers,
Articles, and Reports. Since, the research topic is broad and the data
sources are scattered across many areas, the study is relied on secondary
sources. Finding answers to study questions by reviewing and analysing
current data will be a helpful and positive result in order to arrive at a
conclusive image on "E-commerce Prospects and Challenges in India.
In this study, the researcher used a meta-analysis. That is one attempt to
summarize the various research results quantitatively. Meta-analysis as
one of the techniques aimed to re-analyse the results of statistically
processed studies based on primary data collection [39]. In this study,
the researcher conducted a review of literature conducted with Google
Scholar search engine in July 2018 amounting to 44, the research
conducted on e-payment system on e-commerce between the years
2008-2018 from various countries. This research was conducted with the
aim to highlight the scope of the e-payment system, the methodology
used in electronic payment system by previously researchers to identify
the gaps of research and recommendation for the future studies.
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used
to identify, select, process, and analyse information about a topic. In a
research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to
critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability. The process
used to collect information and data for the purpose of making

28
business decisions. The methodology may include publication
research, interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and
could include both present and historical information.
Research Design: The study follows the descriptive method of
research to measure, evaluate and analyse the impact of online
payment apps among customers. Primary data has been collected
through questionnaire.
Sampling: The sample of 120 peoples has been collected through the
questionnaire.
Sources of data: Sources of Data begins with figuring out what sort of
data is needed, followed by the collection of a sample from a certain
section of the population. Next, you have to utilize a certain tool to
gather the data from the chosen sample.
Descriptive research design: Descriptive research aims to accurately
and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It
can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why
questions. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of
research methods to investigate one or more variables.
SAMPLE DESIGN: Sample design is the theoretical basis and the
practice mean by generalizing from characteristics of relatively few of
the comprising population. It is the method by which the sample is
chosen.
Convenience sampling: A convenience sample is a type sampling
method where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to
contact or to reach.

29
 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETION
The Covid19 pandemic also known as the coronavirus pandemic emerged
in Wuhan of China and was given an account of to the WHO (World
Health Organization) on 31st December 2019. On 30th January 2020, Public
Health Emergency was announced as a global concern. Covid-19 name
was given to this disease on 11th February 2020. This disease plays with
the immunity of the human beings, Low immunity individuals are directly
affected by this.
The pandemic of Covid-19 is a major pitfall not only for the human’s health or
life or the economic conditions but also on the overall structured society
which is not to be changed to an another extend now. Various new things
are introduced during this pandemic some of which were their before but
still were unknown which now have developed a new scenario.
The National Emergency have not spare anyone each and every sector, each
and every section is being affected by it whether rich or poor. One of the
sectors being affected is the E-Commerce. The Transactions of Buying and

30
Selling that is the business transaction via the route of internet led to the
evolution of E-Commerce or broadly as Electronic Commerce. E-Commerce
involves dealing with all sort of goods and services over the internet. It is
also known as the Internet Commerce because of the way of its functioning
online.
The taste, preferences, demand, needs of the consumers are now being
shifted from luxury to the basic ones, from the ones with the most comfort
to the ones with the need of just survival. All this had call for the
economizing of all the resources of the economy. There is a rise in the trust
and demand for the E-Commerce industries in order to be safe, secure and
main motive of survival led to this increase.
Understanding of the change in the consumers perspective towards the E-
Commerce is really important not only for the businesses to increase their
market share but this time also for the social well-being.
The Coronavirus disease led to the social distancing which is why the
traditional way of shopping is being neglected in this phase. As going to a
crowded place for shopping can make you purchase Covid-19 people avoid
going that way rather prefer the convenient and safer option of online
shopping.

The E-Commerce is now being opted more than ever it has shown a growth
in the frequency and number of purchases during the pandemic times. As

31
people now wanted a new and safer way for engaging, entertaining and
saving themselves.

The collected data was analyzed by using pie-charts and the analysis of
the collected data is given bellow. Data analysis helps us to determine
whether our hypothesis is accepted or not. And it is also useful to
determine whether all our objectives are fulfilling or not. Data analysis
helps us to draw a conclusion or a result to our research problem. Overall
Analysis of Online payment application on the basis of survey. Total
Respondents: 111 respondents.

32
 Gender

49% Male
51% Female

OPTIONS % COUNT

MALE
48.65% 54

FEMALE
51.35% 57

The response rate of this survey was 32%. 71 respondents have answered
the survey. 45 respondents were students in Oulu University of Applied
Sciences, 26 respondents were answered via the link shared on WeChat.
The first question about respondents’ nationality. 48% of the respondents
were Finnish and Europeans, 37% were Chinese and the rest 15% were
from other countries. The Figure 4 below shows the distribution of
respondents’ nationality.

33
 FIGURE 4. Distribution of nationality (n = 71).

Next two questions dealt with the respondents’ gender and age. 45% of
respondents were male and 54% were female. Most of respondents, i.e.
73%, were between 19 and 25 years old, 23% were between 26 and 35.
Only one respondent was under 18, and also between 36 and 45 and
between 46 and 59 years old. There were no respondents over 60 years
old in this survey. The table 1 below shows the percentage of the
respondents’ age.

34
Fourth question was “Do you use online payment?” The large majority, 99%
respondents answered “Yes”, 1% answered “No” There was nobody without
previous experience in online payment before. The table 2 below shows the
percentage of Do you have experience of online payment before.

The Next question was “Which online payment do you know?”. Since this
question was a multiple choice question, the respondents were able to
choose one or several options. There was also an open option for the
respondents to answer if they knew other online payment systems, which
were not included in the list. Following online payment systems were
mentioned: debit card (Visa or MasterCard), Net bank, PayPal, Google
Wallet, Amazon payment, Authorize.Net, WeChat payment and AliPay. The
most popular online payment system respondents knew was Debit card and
PayPal with 93% and 85%. 79% of respondents chose Net Banking and 56 %
of respondents knew AliPay. 37% of respondents chose WeChat payment
method. 30 % knew Amazon payment. Google Wallet was known by 25 % of
the respondents and 11 % knew Authorize.Net. Again there was the open
question, which gave the respondents opportunity to add some previously
not mentioned payment system systems. The answers were: Credit card,
Skrill, QIWI, Yandex Money and Steam Wallet. Figure 5 below shows the
number of respondents know the online payment.

35
1.PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS Table 4.1: 1 – Gender of respondents

FIG 4.1 -: GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

36
 Fig4.2often used by respondents

An evolutionary succession has been witnessed by payment methods from

cash to online payment apps like google pay, phone pe, paytm, and bhim
app etc., and currently to electronic commerce and mobile banking. In this
paper, it has been studied that online payment methods are increasingly
being used for making daily online as well as onsite purchases. The issues
associated with online payment as well as the adoption of electronic
commerce for making payments by customers has been discussed in this
paper. Furthermore, the advancements in technology supporting mobile
transactions and making them more convenient and transparent is
developing trust among customers who are becoming habitual of employing
this mode of payment. This change in the behaviour of customers showing a
transition from the traditional to an advanced online mode of payment is
apparent in retailing and banking, and with nearly all available mobile
devices. The statistics shown in this study signify that the number of
customers employing online mode of payment and making online
transactions are continuously growing, hinting at an everlasting acceptance
of online payment systems. However, the adoption and deployment of
37
 several rising technologies carry new opportunities and challenges to the
implementation and design of secure online payment systems in the
present day as well as in near future

CONCLUSION
E-Commerce industry is that force which cannot be ignored by any element
of the economy. Coronavirus pandemic proved that one of the major tools
that can help consumers during crisis is e-commerce. In order to maintain
social distancing and self-quarantine the consumers have become more
reliable on the e-commerce industry. In the questionnaire the respondents
were asked to rate their experience of online shopping before covid19 and
also during covid19. The graph 6 shows the ratings of consumers according
to their experience before covid19. According to which 35.8% rated 4
whereas 3% rated 1 and 3.9% as 5.

38
This research paper started by focusing on the meaning of online or
digital payment , digital wallet in India. This paper then focused on
various digital wallets or online payment application in India like
Google pay, Paytm, Phonepe, Mobikwik, etc, then complete
explanation about Amazon and amazon pay is stated with the
advantages and disadvantages of using amazon pay.

An online survey was conducted through structured questionnaire

which received 111 responses some of the respondents did not
answered the questions accurately which proved to be the limitation
of the study. From the survey conducted it can be seen that many
people are adopting cashless mode of payment as it has its own pros
like it :- reduces time and is convenient to use as well as various online
payment apps offers various cashback offers and discounts as well for
encouraging people to use digital mode of payment. A consumer can
track all their expenses with online payment.

The concern that consumers have is their security, their privacy being
hacked or leaked, high transaction charges etc.
With the increase in the usage of smartphones the world has come
closer and with a single touch any payment can be done. In our study
it can be seen that the consumers or the respondents are satisfied
with the use of Amazon pay for making various payments and that
online modes of payments are increasing day –by-day with the
39
 increase in various technologies which facilitate the entire process of
a transaction.

As it can be seen that cashless economy or the use of online payment

application has its various advantages and disadvantages so if any
government is planning to adopt cashless economy should carefully
analyze the situation of the country.
The government of India is taking efforts to encourage the people of
India to use digital modes of payments along with the private sector
companies.

BIBILOGRAPHY
• Mamta, Prof. Hariom Tyagi and Dr. Abhishek Shukla –“The Study Of
Electronic Payment Systems”. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science And Software Engineering, 2016.

• Vidya Shree DV, Yamuna N. and Nitua Shree G “A Study on New

Dynamics in Digital Payments System-with reference to Paytm and
PayUMoney”, International Journal of Applied Research 2015,
1(10):1002-1005.

40
 • Sujith T S, Julie C D “Opportunities and Challenges of E-payment
System in India”, International Journal of Scientific Research and
Management (IJSRM), 2017.

• Ashike, H. (2011), “Cashless Economy can Reduce Risk of Carrying

Huge Cash”, [Online] available:
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• https://www.amazon.in

• https://www.india-briefing.com

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap. 2018.05.008.

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8. Bhachawat, K. (2021). Electronic Contracts in India: Challenges and

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Humanities, 4(3), 3502-3513. https://doij.org/10.10000/IJLMH.11894.

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 APPENDIX

APPENDIX: ECOMMERCE AND ONLINE TRANSCATIONS ISSUES

Security concerns
Fraudulent activities
Data Breaches
Phishing Attacks
Payment Challenges:
Transaction Failures
Payment Gateway Issues
Currency Conversion Problems
User Experience:
Website Navigation Issues
Checkout Process Complications
Mobile Responsiveness
Regulatory Compliance:
Data Protection Laws
Consumer Rights and Protections
Taxation and Legal Compliance
Inventory and Order Management:
Stockouts and Overstocks
Order Processing Delays
Product Information Accuracy
Technology and Infrastructure:
Website Downtime
Slow Loading Speeds

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Integration Problems with Third-party Systems
Customer Service:
Communication Gaps
Returns and Refund Issues
Lack of Live Support
Trust and Reputation:
Fake Reviews
Counterfeit Products
Trustworthiness of E-commerce Platforms
Global Expansion Challenges:
Cross-border Shipping
Cultural Sensitivity
Localization of Content
Emerging Technologies:
Blockchain for Security
Artificial Intelligence in Personalization
Augmented Reality for Product Visualization
Environmental Sustainability:
Packaging and Waste
Carbon Footprint of Logistics
Sustainable Practices in E-commerce
Remember to customize this list based on your specific needs and include
relevant information under each category.
Appendix: Online Transaction Issues
Payment Failures:

Insufficient Funds
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Credit Card Declines
Payment Gateway Errors
Fraud Prevention:

Unauthorized Transactions
Identity Theft
Card Skimming
Transaction Processing Delays:
Slow Authorization
Network Congestion
System Outages
Currency and Exchange Rate Challenges:
Currency Conversion Errors
Exchange Rate Fluctuations
Hidden Fees
Digital Wallet Issues:
Authentication Problems
Compatibility Concerns
Limited Acceptance
Mobile Payment Hurdles:
Device Compatibility
Security Concerns
User Interface Challenges
Chargeback Disputes:
Customer Disputes
Merchandise Not as Described

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Unauthorized Transactions
Subscription and Recurring Payment Problems:
Billing Cycle Confusion
Subscription Cancellations
Overcharging Issues
Cross-border Transaction Challenges:

International Regulations
Taxation Variances
Cultural Payment Preferences
Error Handling and Communication:
Inadequate Error Messages
Lack of Customer Notifications
Poor Communication of Transaction Status

48