VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belgaum 590018, Karnataka

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Project Report on

“SMART GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR .

WASTE MANAGEMENT”

submitted in partial fulfillment of Iot miniproject for the

Academic year 2022-23

SUBMITTED BY
CHITHRA Y S (1SK19CS009)

Under the Guidance of:

L Sri Ramachandra
Assistant Professor Dept of CSE

GOVT. S.K.S.J TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
KR circle, Bangalore – 560001
 GOVT. S.K.S.J TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
KR circle, Bangalore – 560001

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that Miniproject work entitled “Smart garbage monitoring system for
waste management” is a bonafide work carried out by CHITHRA Y S (1SK19CS009) in
partial fullfillment for the ward of degree of bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and
engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University ,Belagavi during the academic year
2022-23.

Signature of the guide Signature of the HOD

L Sri Ramachndra Dr . PRADEEP KUMAR

Asisstant Professor Assosiate Proffesor
Dept of CSE Dept of CSE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A unique opportunity like this comes very rarely. It is indeed a pleasure for us to work in this
project. The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of this project is
incomplete without the mention of the people whose guidance has made us possible to
complete this project..

We are grateful to our institution Govt. Sri Krishnarajendra Silver Jubilee Technological
Institute with its ideals and inspiration for providing us with facilities that has made this project
success.

We are grateful to our principal Dr. M B Patil, Principal G.S.K.S.J.T.I and Dr. Pradeep Kumar
K, Professor and Head of the dept. of C.S.E for providing excellent lab facilities that helped us
in completing our project.

We are also grateful to our guide L SriRamachandra , Assistant Professor in helping us and
understanding the relevant concepts related to the project and providing guidance when
necessary.

CHITHRA Y S
 Smart garbage monitoring system for waste management

INTRODUCTION
Though the world is in a stage of up gradation, there is yet another problem that has to be dealt
with Garbage! Pictures of garbage bins being overfull and the garbage being spilled out from
the bins can be seen all around. People those who work in this garbage collection job are totally
disappointed by the residents improper waste management scenario. Nowadays due to high
hygienic standards, collecting garbage and maintaining cleanliness is important task of the
municipal waste management system. Hence, smart dustbin is a system which can eradicate
this problem or at least reduce it to the minimum level. Majority of the public environment
seems to be polluted with the waste material. Safeguarding the environment using technology
sources is needed at present.

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MOTIVATION

➢ To learn new and improved skills and how to apply them in real time tasks.
➢ To get the professional skills.
➢ To get knowledge about the present industrial trends in embedded industries.
➢ To know how a company works on a project.
➢ To gain valuable experience of client handling in a company.
➢ To improve the working skills.
➢ To get the experience of working in a professional environment.
➢ To improve the problem solving and decision-making ability.
➢ To build an industrial standard customer product.

DOMAIN SPECIFIC

The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such objects) with sensors,
processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other
devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks. Internet of things has
been considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to the public internet,
they only need to be connected to a network and be individually addressable. 5 The field has
evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous computing,
commodity sensors, increasingly powerful embedded systems, and machine learning.
Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation
(including home and building automation), independently and collectively enable the Internet
of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products
pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", including devices and appliances (such as
lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and other home appliances) that
support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with
that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers. IoT is also used in healthcare systems.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

Smart garbage management systems are becoming increasingly popular as a way to manage
waste more efficiently and effectively. Here is a literature survey on this topic:

1. "Design and Implementation of a Smart Garbage Monitoring System" by Shadman

Sakib et al. (2021): This paper proposes a smart garbage monitoring system using IoT
technology to improve the efficiency of waste collection. The system uses ultrasonic
sensors to detect the level of garbage in the bin and send the data to a server for analysis.

2. "Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using IoT" by Manisha R. Mane and Arun R.
Jadhav (2019): This paper proposes a smart garbage monitoring system using IoT to
optimize the waste collection process. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect the
garbage level in the bin and sends the data to a cloud server for analysis.

3. "Design and Implementation of a Smart Garbage Bin for Waste Management" by

Jayalakshmi S. et al. (2019): This paper presents a smart garbage bin system that uses
ultrasonic sensors and IoT technology to monitor the garbage level in real-time. The
system also sends alerts to the waste management team when the bin is full.

4. "Smart Garbage Management System Using IoT and Cloud Computing" by Vishal Soni
et al. (2018): This paper proposes a smart garbage management system using IoT and
cloud computing to optimize the waste collection process. The system uses ultrasonic
sensors to detect the garbage level in the bin and sends the data to a cloud server for
analysis.

5. "Design and Implementation of a Smart Garbage Monitoring System for Sustainable

Waste Management" by Y. T. Lin et al. (2017): This paper proposes a smart garbage
monitoring system that uses RFID technology and cloud computing to manage waste
more efficiently. The system uses RFID tags to track the garbage level in the bin and
sends the data to a cloud server for analysis.

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OBJECTIVES AND PROBLEM FORMULATION

Implementation of smart garbage monitoring system using IOT and ESP module. A big
challenge in the urban cities is solid waste management.

The garbage collecting authority in traditional waste management system doesn’t know about
the level of garbage in dustbin, if the dust bins gets full by garbage then it gets overflowed as
well as spelled out from the dustbin leading to unhygienic condition in cities.People throw
garbage on that dustbin which is already overflowed.

Sometimes due to unclean garbage bins bad smell arises also toxic and unhygienic gases are
produced which is way to support to the air pollution and to some harmful diseases which are
easily spreadable.

It is very bad look of the city. Use of traditional system result in inefficient and time and money
spending system.

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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

o ESP8266 Node MCU

o Ultrasonic sensor
o LEDs
o Power supply

ESP8266 Node MCU :

➢ Node MCU is an opensource platform based on ESP8266 which can connect objects
and let data transfer using the Wi-Fi protocol
➢ In addition, by providing some of the most important features of microcontrollers such
as GPIO, PWM, ADC, and etc, it can solve many of the project's needs alone.
➢ It consists of 30 pins in dual-core IC format

Usable pins

The ESP8266 has 17 GPIO pins (0-16), however, you can only use 11 of them, because 6 pins
(GPIO 6 - 11) are used to connect the flash memory chip. This is the small 8-legged chip right
next to the ESP8266. If you try to use one of these pins, you might crash your program.

Internal pull-up/-down resistors

GPIO 0-15 all have a built-in pull-up resistor, just like in an Arduino. GPIO16 has a built-in
pull-down resistor.

PWM

Unlike most Atmel chips (Arduino), the ESP8266 doesn’t support hardware PWM, however,
software PWM is supported on all digital pins. The default PWM range is 10-bits @ 1kHz, but
this can be changed (up to >14-bit@1kHz).

Analog input

The ESP8266 has a single analog input, with an input range of 0 - 1.0V. If you supply 3.3V,
for example, you will damage the chip. Some boards like the Node MCU have an on-board

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resistive voltage divider, to get an easier 0 - 3.3V range. You could also just use a trimpot as a
voltage divider. The ADC (analog to digital converter) has a resolution of 10 bits.

Serial Communication

The ESP8266 has two hardware UARTS (Serial ports): UART0 on pins 1 and 3 (TX0 and RX0
resp.), and UART1 on pins 2 and 8 (TX1 and RX1 resp.), however, GPIO8 is used to connect
the flash chip. This means that UART1 can only transmit data.UART0 also has hardware flow
control on pins 15 and 13 (RTS0 and CTS0 resp.). These two pins can also be used as
alternative TX0 and RX0 pins.

I²C

The ESP doesn’t have a hardware TWI (Two Wire Interface), but it is implemented in
software. This means that you can use pretty much any two digital pins. By default, the I²C 10
library uses pin 4 as SDA and pin 5 as SCL. (The data sheet specifies GPIO2 as SDA and
GPIO14 as SCL.) The maximum speed is approximately 450kHz.

SPI

The ESP8266 has one SPI connection available to the user, referred to as HSPI. It uses GPIO14
as CLK, 12 as MISO, 13 as MOSI and 15 as Slave Select (SS). It can be used in both Slave
and Master mode (in software).

Ultrasonic sensor

HC SR04 the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses SONAR to determine the distance of an object
just like the bats do. It offers excellent non-contact range detection with high accuracy and
stable readings in an easy-to-use package from 2 cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet. The operation
is not affected by sunlight or black material, although acoustically, soft materials like cloth can
be difficult to detect. It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module.

Figure1: HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor

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Technical Specifications
➢ Power Supply − +5V DC
➢ Quiescent Current − <2mA
➢ Working Current − 15mA
➢ Effectual Angle − <15°
➢ Ranging Distance − 2cm – 400 cm/1″ – 13ft
➢ Resolution − 0.3 cm

LEDs
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current flows through it. When current passes through an LED, the electrons recombine with
holes emitting light in the process. LEDs allow the current to flow in the forward direction 12
and blocks the current in the reverse direction.

figure 2: LED

POWER SUPPLY

When working with electronic circuit, one basic thing power supply is always required for
proper working. The ESP8266 requires a 3.3v power supply and 3.3v logic levels for
communication.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

➢ Blynk app
➢ Arduino Ide

Blynk app

• Blynk is a Platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino, Raspberry Pi and the
likes over the Internet. It's a digital dashboard where you can build a graphic interface for
your project by simply dragging and drop pin widgets.
• Whether your Arduino or Raspberry Pi is linked to the Internet over Wi-Fi, Ethernet or
this new ESP8266 chip, Blynk will get you online and ready for the Internet Of Your
Things.
• Blynk was designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can
display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other cool things.

There are three major components in the platform :

• Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using various widgets
we provide.
• Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smart phone and
hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally.
• It’s open-source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even be launched on a
Raspberry Pi.
• Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with the
server and process all the incoming and out coming commands

ARDUINO IDE

• The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to
the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written in
Java and based on Processing and other open-source software.
• This software can be used with any Arduino board. The Arduino development
environment contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series of menus.

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• It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
Software written using Arduino are called sketches. These sketches are written in the
text editor. Sketches are saved with the file extension.

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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR

POWER
SUPPLY GREEN LED

ESP8266
RED LED
NODE

BLYNK APP

FIGURE 3: block diagram of ESP8266 module

DESCRIPTION

ESP8266 is the heart and brain of the Smart Garbage Monitoring System. Power supply,
Ultrasonic sensors is connected as input and LED’s of Red and Green is connected as output
of ESP8266.when the power supply is switched on ESP8266 will be activated ultrasonic
sensors is used to measure the level of garbage in the bin and accordingly LED’s are glow.
That is when the bin is filled of 70%,red led will be on indicating that bin is full. This
information is displayed in the Smart phone by Blynk App and IOT

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

FLOW CHART

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METHODOLOGY
➢ Ultrasonic sensor will determine the level of the garbage and indicates by energizing
respective LED’s.
➢ The green LED high will be continuously to indicate that still bin is empty.
➢ The red will be high to indicate that bin is full.
➢ The level of the garbage is displayed on android phone using blynk app.

CODE FOR SMART BIN:

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

char auth[]="Etzh6XFV9ukvY48nteKgwlwxgirPnB2y";

char ssid[]="smartgarbage";char pass[]="12345678";

int gled=D2;int rled=D3;

const int TriggerPin1 = D0; //Trig pin

const int EchoPin1 = D1; //Echo pin

long Duration1 = 0;

int mdelay=1000;int led=15;

void setup(){

Serial.begin(9600); // Serial Output

Blynk.begin(auth,ssid,pass);

pinMode(gled,OUTPUT);

pinMode(rled,OUTPUT);

pinMode(TriggerPin1,OUTPUT); // Trigger is an output pin

pinMode(EchoPin1,INPUT); // Echo is an input pin
}

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void loop(){Blynk.run();sensor1();
}
long Distance1(long time)
{
// Calculates the Distance in mm
// ((time)*(Speed of sound))/ toward and backward of object) * 10
long DistanceCalc1; // Calculation variable
DistanceCalc1 = ((time /2.9) / 2); // Actual calculation in mm
//DistanceCalc = time / 74 / 2; // Actual calculation in inches return DistanceCalc1; // return
calculated value
}
void sensor1()
{
digitalWrite(TriggerPin1, LOW);delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(TriggerPin1, HIGH); // Trigger pin to HIGH delayMicroseconds(10); // 10us high
digitalWrite(TriggerPin1, LOW); // Trigger pin to HIGH

Duration1 = pulseIn(EchoPin1,HIGH); // Waits for the echo pin to get high

// returns the Duration in microseconds

long Distance_mm1 = Distance1(Duration1); // Use function to calculate the distance

Serial.print("Duration1 = ");

Serial.print(Duration1);Serial.print(" ");

Serial.print("Distance1 = "); // Output to serial

Serial.print(Distance_mm1);

Serial.println(" mm");

int percentage=(Distance_mm1*100)/138;

int val=100-percentage;

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0,val);

if(val>65)

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Blynk.virtualWrite(V1,"Dustbin is full");

digitalWrite(rled,HIGH);

digitalWrite(gled,LOW);

else{Blynk.virtualWrite(V1,"Dustbin is normal");

digitalWrite(gled,HIGH);

digitalWrite(rled,LOW);}

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RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

• The level of the garbage is detected and indicated by LEDs.

• The level of the garbage is displayed on android phone using blynk app.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

If percentage filled < 50 If percentage filled >= 70

FIGURE 4: Dustbin Status On Blynk App

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IMAGES OF SMART BIN

FIGURE 5: Smart Bin

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
➢ Very simple circuit.
➢ Helps monitor garbage levels.
➢ The HCSR04 sensor is very rugged.
➢ Uses very small amount of electricity.
➢ Can help in reducing overflowing bins.
➢ Monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in
thegarbage bins.
➢ To keep our Environment clean & green.
➢ The cost & effort are less in this system.

Disadvantages:

➢ Cannot detect liquid waste.

➢ Only detects the top of the garbage level. It wouldn’t realize if there is space left.

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FUTURE SCOPE
➢ This project can also be used in the” SMART CITY”.
➢ This project is also helpful in the government project of “SWACHH BHARAT
ABHIYAN”.

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CONCLUSION
➢ We built an efficient garbage monitoring system which can be used to monitor the
level of garbage in the dump.
➢ This data can be further used to plan garbage collection trips more efficiently,
ultimately reducing overflowing bins and helping have better public sanitation

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REFERENCES
www.buildofy.in/smart_home_designs

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/Technovation/smart-garbage-monitoring-systemusing-
arduino-101 3b813c

https://github.com/sourabhdeshmukh/Smart-Dustbin

http://invent.module143.com/temperature-and-humidity-using-nodemcu-blynk/

http://help.blynk.cc/getting-started-library-auth-token-code-examples/blynk-basics/whatis-
virtual-pins

http://help.blynk.cc/getting-started-library-auth-token-code-examples/blynk-basics/howto-
display-any-sensor-data-in-blynk-app

http://help.blynk.cc/how-to-connect-different-hardware-with-blynk/esp8266/nodemcu

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