By Tatek Oct.

2022
1
  Introduction
In this chapter we discuss:
• Evolution of technology
• The role of data for emerging technology
• Enabling devices and networks for technologies
(programmable devices)
• Human to Machine Interaction (HCI) and
• Future trends of technologies.

2
  Evolution of Technologies
• Emerging technology is a new technology, but it
may also refer to the continuing development of
existing technology that brings significant social or
economical effects.;
• it can have slightly different meanings when used
in different areas, such as media, business,
science, or education.
• Technological evolution is a theory of radical
transformation of society through technological
development.

3
List of some currently available emerged
technologies:
• Artificial Intelligence
• Augmented Reality
• Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Big Data

4
 Introduction to the Industrial
Revolution (IR)
 An Industrial Revolution occurs when a society shifts
from using tools to make products to use new sources
of energy, such as coal, to power machines in factories.
 The following industrial revolutions changed and
transfer the world around us into modern society:
• The steam engine
• The age of science and mass production
• The rise of digital technology
• Smart and autonomous systems by using data and
machine learning 5
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial
Revolution
• Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad,
The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
• Communication: The Telegraph, The Transatlantic
Cable, The Phonograph, The Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin, The Sewing Machine,
Electric Lights

6
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in
the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of
Europe.
• The first European countries to be industrialized
after England were Belgium, France, and the
German states.
• As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution
began in Britain in the 18th century due in part to
an increase in food production, which was the key
outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.
7
 The four types of industries are:
1) The primary industry involves getting raw
materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
2) The secondary industry involves
manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
3) The tertiary industries provide services e.g.
teaching and nursing.
4) The quaternary industry involves research
and development industries e.g. IT.
8
 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a

transition to new manufacturing processes.
• IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the
time where this revolution began.
• The transitions in the first IR included going
from hand production methods to machines,
the increasing use of steam power.

9
 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0) cont…

Eg.,
 steam engine

10
 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
The Second IR, also known as the Technological
Revolution, began somewhere in the 1870s.
The advancements in IR 2.0 included:
• the development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts.
• widespread adoption of pre-existing technological
systems such as telegraph and railroad networks.

11
 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0) cont…
• This adoption allowed the vast movement of
people and ideas, enhancing communication.
• Moreover, new technological systems were
introduced, such as electrical power

Electricity transmission line

12
 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• Third Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) introduced
the transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics which
began from the late 1950s.
• Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was
given the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
• The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic
circuits and its derived technologies such as the
computers, mobile phones and the Internet.

13
 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) cont…
• These technological innovations have transformed
traditional production and business techniques
enabling people to communicate with another
without the need of being physically present.

High Tech Electronics

14
 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

• Near future advancements of various technologies

such as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), additive
manufacturing and autonomous vehicles.
• the term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” was
coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive
chairman of World Economic Forum, in the year
2016.
• 3D printing is computer programmed deposition of
material in successive layers to create a three
dimensional object.
15
 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) cont…

• The technologies mentioned above are what you

call – cyberphysical systems.
• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is
controlled by computer-based algorithms, tightly
integrated with the Internet and its users.

16
 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) cont…

• One example that is being widely practiced in

industries today is the usage of Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
• These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.

17
 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) cont…
• Another major breakthrough that is associated
with IR 4.0 is the adoption of Artificial Intelligence,
where we can see it being implemented into our
smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to
Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.

18
Example (by using algorithms)
Artificial Neural Network
And
Image Processing

For skin disease

detection

19
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies

• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset

since we are living in the age of big data.
• Data science (DS) drives or even determines the
future of science, technology and the economy in
our world today and tomorrow.

20
• There is new debate about data-intensive scientific
discovery as an emerging technology, the so-called
“fourth industrial revolution”.
• This involves not only core disciplines such as
computing, informatics, and statistics, but also the
broad-based fields of business, social science, and
health/medical science

21
Enabling devices and networks
In the world of digital electronic systems, there are
four basic kinds of devices:
• Memory
• Microprocessors
• Logic
• Networks

22
• Memory devices store random information such as
the contents of a spreadsheet or database.
• Microprocessors execute software instructions to
perform a tasks such as running a word processing
program or video game.
• Logic devices provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing, data communication,
signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a
system must perform.

23
• Network is a collection of computers, servers,
network devices, peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow the sharing of
data.
• An excellent example of a network is the Internet,
which connects millions of people all over the
world.

24
Programmable devices
• Usually refer to chips that incorporate:
- field programmable logic devices (FPGAs)
- complex programmable logic devices (CPLD)
- programmable logic devices (PLD)

Programmable devices
25
Service Enabling Devices (Network Equipment)

• some network-related equipment are:

- Modems
- Routers
- Switches
- Conferencing equipment
- Hosting equipment
- Servers

26
Human to Machine Interaction (HMI)
• Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a human and
a machine via a user interface.
• HCI is the study of how people interact with computers.
And study the design of interfaces between users and
computers to improve interaction.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures
have gained increasing attention as they allow humans
to control machines through natural and intuitive
behaviors.
• HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer
itself and the interface.
27
How users interact with computers?
• The user interacts directly with hardware for the
human input and output such as displays, e.g.
through a graphical user interface.

How important is human-computer interaction?

• The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction
between users and computers by making
computers more user-friendly and receptive to the
user's needs.
• The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of
deployment & operations.
28
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• 5G Networks
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Autonomous Devices
• Blockchain
• Augmented Analytics
• Digital Twins
• Enhanced Edge Computing
• Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
29
Thank You
Q & A
30