Environmental Science
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
Presented by Group 2
Meet the Group!
Jerome
Kerby Joana
Cuario
Bautista Canales
Paolo Ciara
Bongalos Caylas
Contents eochemical Cycle
tion of Biog
•Introduc
u s C ycles
• Gaseo
Carbon
Oxygen
Nit ro ge n
Water
t ar y C ycles
• Sed imen
Sulphur
ph or us
Phos
Introduction
“Biogeochemical cycles mainly
refer to the movement of nutrients
and other elements between biotic
and abiotic factors.”
What is a
Biogeochemical Cycle?
The term biogeochemical is derived
from “bio” meaning biosphere,
“geo” meaning the geological
components and “chemical”
meaning the elements that move
through a cycle.
The matter on Earth is conserved and
present in the form of atoms.
Since matter can neither be created nor
destroyed, it is recycled in the earth’s
system in various forms.
The earth obtains energy from the sun
which is radiated back as heat,
rest all other elements are present in a
closed system.
The major elements include:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulphur
These elements are recycled through the biotic and
abiotic components of the ecosystem.
TYPES OF
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYLES
Biogeochemical cycles are basically
divided into two types:
Gaseous cycles – Includes Carbon,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, and the Water cycle
.
Sedimentary cycles – Includes Sulphur,
Phosphorus, Rock cycle, etc.
Carbon Cycle
The
The element carbon is a part of
seawater, the atmosphere, rocks
such as limestone and coal, soils,
as well as all living things. In our
dynamic planet, carbon is able to
move from one of these realms
to another as a part of the
carbon cycle.
Carbon moves from
Atmosphere Plants and
to Plants Animals to
Plants to Soil Living Things
Animals to the
Atmosphere
Carbon moves from
Fossil Fuels to Atmosphere to
the Atmosphere the Ocean
u s e g a s a n d
s a g r e e n h o
d io x id e i it h o u t it
Carbon e at m o s p h er e . W
d
a t i n th t h w o u l
traps he n h o u s e g a s e s , E a r
e r g r e e s ta r t o f
and oth r ld . B u t s in c e t he
s
f ro z e n w o u t 1 5 0 y e a r
b e a o lu t io n a b o
u s tr ia l R e v c h f u e l
the Ind v e b u rn e d so m u
o
h u m a n s h a d io xid e in t
a go u c h c a r b o n
a s e d s o m e n o v e r
and rele b a l cli m a t e h a s r is
a ir t h a t g lo
th e n h e it .
r e e F a h r e
one deg
The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known
as the hydrological cycle, is a
continuous process through
which water circulates
between the Earth’s surface
and the atmosphere. It
involves various stages such
as evaporation,
condensation, precipitation,
and runoff.
Water
The water cycle is often taught as a
simple circular cycle of evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation.
Although this can be a useful model, the
reality is much more complicated. The
paths and influences of water through
Earth’s ecosystems are extremely
complex and not completely
understood.
Water Cycle
Condensation Runoff
Evaporation
Precipitation
y s t e m t h a t
a d y n a m ic s
t e r c y c l e is t e r a c r o s s
T h e w a t io n o f w a
t h e d is tr ib u u e n c e s
re g u la te s a r t h . I t in f l
e r v o ir s o n E n d
t r e s ic s , a
differen n s , c li m a te d y n a m
t h e r p a t t e r .
w e a c o s y s te m s
t s va r i o u s e e s s e n tia l
su p p o r te r c y c l e is
d in g t h e w a in a b l y
U nd er s ta n u rc e s s u s t a
w a t e r r e s o
a n a g in g c l im a t e
for m t h e im p a c t s o f
m it ig a t in g b i l it y .
a n d a te r a v a il a
e o n f re s h w
ch an g
Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which
nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it
circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine
ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried
out through both biological and physical processes.
Microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria nitrogen into fixed nitrogen that is usable by plants.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia
Nitrogen fixation (another form of nitrogen) by certain bacterial species like
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, etc
The absorption and digestion of food or nutrients by the
Assimilation body or any biological system.
A microbial process by which reduced nitrogen compounds
Nitrification (primarily ammonia) are sequentially oxidized to nitrite and
nitrate.
the process of converting natural nitrogen compounds into
Ammonification ammonia.
converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable
Denitrification nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere.
Oxygen Cycle
c le is a bio g e o c h e m ica l c yc le
The oxygen c y
u la tio n o f th e o xy g e n a to ms
involved in the c ir c
e ea rt h t h ro u g h a se rie s o f
present in th
intrica t e p r oc e s se s.
Oxygen Reservoir
Stages of Oxygen Cycle
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
All green plants during All aerobic organisms Animals exhale Carbon
the process of use free oxygen for dioxide back into the
photosynthesis, release respiration. atmosphere which is
oxygen back into the again used by the plants
atmosphere as a by- during photosynthesis.
product. Now oxygen is balanced
within the atmosphere.
Phosphorus
u tr ie nt for
e s s e n t ia l n
h o ru s is a n ke :
Pho s p e d e d t o m a
r m s . It is n e
all life fo
h a te ( A T P )
n e Tr ip h o s p
Adenos i d ( D NA )
n u c le ic A ci
Deoxy - R ib o
o f t h e C e ll
os p h o li p id s
P h
Me m b r a n e
Phosphorus Cycle
Weathering Absorption Decomposition Sediments
breaks down the phosphorus is absorbed returning of phosphorus phosphorus is buried in
phosphorous in rocks and by plants and animals to the environment settlement
which travels to th soil and
water sources
High Phosphorus stimulate sthe
Fertilizers growth of algae
Sulphur
fu n c ti o n in g
rta n t fo r th e
h u r i s im p o n ts , a n d
Sul p y m es in p la
in s a nd e n z s f o r
of pr o te u p on pla n t
t ha t d e p e n d
in a ni m a ls e tw o o f th e
u s e d to m a k
sulp h u r . I t is e d to m a k e
o ac id s n e e d
n t ia l a m in
esse
pro te in s .
Sulphur Cycle
Mineralization Oxidation Reduction Incorporation
Mineralization of organic Oxidation of hydrogen Reduction of sulfate to Incorporation of sulfide
sulfur into inorganic sulfide, sulfide, and sulfide. into organic compounds
forms, such as hydrogen elemental sulfur (S) to (including metal-
sulfide (H2S), elemental sulfate (SO2− containing derivatives).
sulfur, as well as sulfide 4).
minerals.
orta n c e o f
Imp ic a l C y cles
ioge oc h e m
B les in ecosystems sh antly
ow how
Th e c y c a r e c o n s t
v it a l f o r life p in g
elemen ts r o u n d , k e e
d m o v e d a t h e s e
y c le d a n s ta n d in g
rec liv e . U n d e r
u s
s y s t e m s a h e y a f fe c t
ec o s e e h o w t
s h e lp s u s t im e s , o u r
cy c le en t. S o m e
e n v ir o n m ro c e ss e s ,
and t h e e n a tu ra l p
is r u p t th e s e c a n fin d
actio n s d c lo s e ly , w
d y in g t h e m p ro te c t
but b y stu m p a c t a n d
m iz e ou r i
s to m in i .
way s w e r e l y o n
o s y s te m
the ec
Thank you!
~GROUP 2
